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Raza S, Siddiqui JA, Srivastava A, Chattopadhyay N, Sinha RA, Chakravarti B. Autophagy as a Therapeutic Target in Breast Tumors: The Cancer stem cell perspective. AUTOPHAGY REPORTS 2024; 3:27694127.2024.2358648. [PMID: 39006309 PMCID: PMC7616179 DOI: 10.1080/27694127.2024.2358648] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/12/2023] [Accepted: 05/16/2024] [Indexed: 07/16/2024]
Abstract
Breast cancer is a heterogeneous disease, with a subpopulation of tumor cells known as breast cancer stem cells (BCSCs) with self-renewal and differentiation abilities that play a critical role in tumor initiation, progression, and therapy resistance. The tumor microenvironment (TME) is a complex area where diverse cancer cells reside creating a highly interactive environment with secreted factors, and the extracellular matrix. Autophagy, a cellular self-digestion process, influences dynamic cellular processes in the tumor TME integrating diverse signals that regulate tumor development and heterogeneity. Autophagy acts as a double-edged sword in the breast TME, with both tumor-promoting and tumor-suppressing roles. Autophagy promotes breast tumorigenesis by regulating tumor cell survival, migration and invasion, metabolic reprogramming, and epithelial-mesenchymal transition (EMT). BCSCs harness autophagy to maintain stemness properties, evade immune surveillance, and resist therapeutic interventions. Conversely, excessive, or dysregulated autophagy may lead to BCSC differentiation or cell death, offering a potential avenue for therapeutic exploration. The molecular mechanisms that regulate autophagy in BCSCs including the mammalian target of rapamycin (mTOR), AMPK, and Beclin-1 signaling pathways may be potential targets for pharmacological intervention in breast cancer. This review provides a comprehensive overview of the relationship between autophagy and BCSCs, highlighting recent advancements in our understanding of their interplay. We also discuss the current state of autophagy-targeting agents and their preclinical and clinical development in BCSCs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sana Raza
- Department of Endocrinology, Sanjay Gandhi Postgraduate Institute of Medical Sciences, Lucknow226014, India
| | - Jawed Akhtar Siddiqui
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, University of Nebraska Medical Center, Omaha, NE-68198, USA
| | - Anubhav Srivastava
- Department of Molecular Medicine & Biotechnology, Sanjay Gandhi Postgraduate Institute of Medical Sciences, Lucknow226014, India
| | - Naibedya Chattopadhyay
- Division of Endocrinology and Center for Research in Anabolic Skeletal Target in Health and Illness (ASTHI), CSIR-Central Drug Research Institute, Council of Scientific and Industrial Research, Sector 10, Jankipuram Extension, Sitapur Road, Lucknow, 226031, India
- Academy of Scientific and Innovative Research (AcSIR), Ghaziabad, India
| | - Rohit Anthony Sinha
- Department of Endocrinology, Sanjay Gandhi Postgraduate Institute of Medical Sciences, Lucknow226014, India
| | - Bandana Chakravarti
- Department of Endocrinology, Sanjay Gandhi Postgraduate Institute of Medical Sciences, Lucknow226014, India
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Singh DP, Pathak R, Chintalaramulu N, Pandit A, Kumar A, Ebenezer PJ, Kumar S, Duplooy A, White ME, Jambunathan N, Dharmakumar R, Francis J. Caveolin-1 knockout mitigates breast cancer metastasis to the lungs via integrin α3 dysregulation in 4T1-induced syngeneic breast cancer model. Cancer Gene Ther 2024:10.1038/s41417-024-00821-4. [PMID: 39244591 DOI: 10.1038/s41417-024-00821-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/08/2024] [Revised: 07/22/2024] [Accepted: 08/02/2024] [Indexed: 09/09/2024]
Abstract
Caveolin-1 (Cav-1) is a critical lipid raft protein playing dual roles as both a tumor suppressor and promoter. While its role in tumorigenesis, progression, and metastasis has been recognized, the explicit contribution of Cav-1 to the onset of lung metastasis from primary breast malignancies remains unclear. Here, we present the first evidence that Cav-1 knockout in mammary epithelial cells significantly reduces lung metastasis in syngeneic breast cancer mouse models. In vitro, Cav-1 knockout in 4T1 cells suppressed extracellular vesicle secretion, cellular motility, and MMP secretion compared to controls. Complementing this, in vivo analyses demonstrated a marked reduction in lung metastatic foci in mice injected with Cav-1 knockout 4T1 cells as compared to wild-type cells, which was further corroborated by mRNA profiling of the primary tumor. We identified 21 epithelial cell migration genes exhibiting varied expression in tumors derived from Cav-1 knockout and wild-type 4T1 cells. Correlation analysis and immunoblotting further revealed that Cav-1 might regulate metastasis via integrin α3 (ITGα3). In silico protein docking predicted an interaction between Cav-1 and ITGα3, which was confirmed by co-immunoprecipitation. Furthermore, Cav-1 and ITGα3 knockdown corroborated its role in metastasis in the cell migration assay.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dhirendra Pratap Singh
- Krannert Cardiovascular Research Center, Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis, IN, USA
| | - Rashmi Pathak
- School of Veterinary Medicine, Louisiana State University, Baton Rouge, LA, USA
| | - Naveen Chintalaramulu
- Krannert Cardiovascular Research Center, Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis, IN, USA
| | - Abhishek Pandit
- School of Veterinary Medicine, Louisiana State University, Baton Rouge, LA, USA
| | - Avinash Kumar
- School of Veterinary Medicine, Louisiana State University, Baton Rouge, LA, USA
| | - Philip J Ebenezer
- School of Veterinary Medicine, Louisiana State University, Baton Rouge, LA, USA
| | - Sanjay Kumar
- Department of Biological Sciences Louisiana State University, Baton Rouge, LA, USA
| | - Alexander Duplooy
- School of Veterinary Medicine, Louisiana State University, Baton Rouge, LA, USA
| | - Mary Evelyn White
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Midwestern University, Glendale, AZ, USA
| | - Nithya Jambunathan
- Krannert Cardiovascular Research Center, Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis, IN, USA
| | - Rohan Dharmakumar
- Krannert Cardiovascular Research Center, Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis, IN, USA
| | - Joseph Francis
- School of Veterinary Medicine, Louisiana State University, Baton Rouge, LA, USA.
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Osuala KO, Chalasani A, Aggarwal N, Ji K, Moin K. Paracrine Activation of STAT3 Drives GM-CSF Expression in Breast Carcinoma Cells, Generating a Symbiotic Signaling Network with Breast Carcinoma-Associated Fibroblasts. Cancers (Basel) 2024; 16:2910. [PMID: 39199680 PMCID: PMC11353178 DOI: 10.3390/cancers16162910] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/29/2024] [Revised: 05/17/2024] [Accepted: 05/21/2024] [Indexed: 09/01/2024] Open
Abstract
This study evaluated the paracrine signaling between breast carcinoma-associated fibroblasts (CAFs) and breast cancer (BCa) cells. Resolving cell-cell communication in the BCa tumor microenvironment (TME) will aid the development of new therapeutics. Here, we utilized our patented TAME (tissue architecture and microenvironment engineering) 3D culture microphysiological system, which is a suitable pathomimetic avatar for the study of the BCa TME. We cultured in 3D BCa cells and CAFs either alone or together in cocultures and found that when cocultured, CAFs enhanced the invasive characteristics of tumor cells, as shown by increased proliferation and spread of tumor cells into the surrounding matrix. Secretome analysis from 3D cultures revealed a relatively high secretion of IL-6 by CAFs. A marked increase in the secretion of granulocyte macrophage-colony stimulating factor (GM-CSF) when carcinoma cells and CAFs were in coculture was also observed. We theorized that the CAF-secreted IL-6 functions in a paracrine manner to induce GM-CSF expression and secretion from carcinoma cells. This was confirmed by evaluating the activation of STAT3 and gene expression of GM-CSF in carcinoma cells exposed to CAF-conditioned media (CAF-CM). In addition, the treatment of CAFs with BCa cell-CM yielded a brief upregulation of GM-CSF followed by a marked decrease, indicating a tightly regulated control of GM-CSF in CAFs. Secretion of IL-6 from CAFs drives the activation of STAT3 in BCa cells, which in turn drives the expression and secretion of GM-CSF. As a result, CAFs exposed to BCa cell-secreted GM-CSF upregulate inflammation-associated genes such as IL-6, IL-6R and IL-8, thereby forming a positive feedback loop. We propose that the tight regulation of GM-CSF in CAFs may be a novel regulatory pathway to target for disrupting the CAF:BCa cell symbiotic relationship. These data provide yet another piece of the cell-cell communication network governing the BCa TME.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kingsley O. Osuala
- Department of Pharmacology, Wayne State University School of Medicine, 540 East Canfield, Detroit, MI 48201, USA; (A.C.); (K.J.)
- Twelve Biosciences Research & Development, Kalamazoo, MI 49009, USA
| | - Anita Chalasani
- Department of Pharmacology, Wayne State University School of Medicine, 540 East Canfield, Detroit, MI 48201, USA; (A.C.); (K.J.)
| | - Neha Aggarwal
- Department of Physiology, Wayne State University School of Medicine, 540 East Canfield, Detroit, MI 48201, USA;
| | - Kyungmin Ji
- Department of Pharmacology, Wayne State University School of Medicine, 540 East Canfield, Detroit, MI 48201, USA; (A.C.); (K.J.)
- Department of Neurology, Henry Ford Health, Detroit, MI 48202, USA
| | - Kamiar Moin
- Department of Pharmacology, Wayne State University School of Medicine, 540 East Canfield, Detroit, MI 48201, USA; (A.C.); (K.J.)
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Isaac-Lam MF. Chlorin Conjugates in Photodynamic Chemotherapy for Triple-Negative Breast Cancer. Pharmaceuticals (Basel) 2024; 17:576. [PMID: 38794146 PMCID: PMC11124301 DOI: 10.3390/ph17050576] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/14/2023] [Revised: 04/25/2024] [Accepted: 04/26/2024] [Indexed: 05/26/2024] Open
Abstract
Breast cancer (BC) is the most common type of cancer in women and the number of new cases in the US is still increasing each year. Triple-negative breast cancer (TNBC), which comprises 15-20% of all breast cancer, is a heterogeneous disease and is considered the most aggressive type of breast cancer due to the lack of estrogen receptor (ER), progesterone receptor (PR), and human epidermal growth factor receptor 2 (HER2) expressions for treatments. Traditional chemotherapy is the standard protocol for the treatment of TNBC. Toxicity and multidrug resistance are major drawbacks to chemotherapy. The lack of molecular targets and poor prognosis for TNBC prompts an urgent need to discover novel therapeutic strategies to improve clinical outcomes and quality of life for patients. Photodynamic therapy (PDT) or light treatment is a binary anti-cancer procedure that uses a photosensitizer (PS) that, upon light activation, produces cytotoxic oxygen species, destroying tumor cells. PDT is minimally invasive and can be repeated a few times without accumulating significant toxicity in the surrounding tissues. The primary goal of this study was to investigate in vitro photodynamic chemotherapy as a ternary combination therapy using our synthesized photosensitizers (chlorin-vitamin conjugates and their corresponding indium complexes) co-treated with known chemotherapeutic agents (taxol, doxorubicin, cisplatin, fluorouracil, or methotrexate) in the presence of light and determine the optimum conditions as a pre-clinical study of an enhanced tumoricidal effect against TNBC. Our results indicated that the best combination for an effective chemophotodynamic effect involves a ternary treatment of the indium complex of the chlorin-lipoic acid conjugate (InCLA) co-treated with taxol, which exhibited strong synergism at the nanomolar concentration when combined in the presence of visible light irradiation. Other ternary combinations containing taxol with a synergistic anti-tumor effect against TNBC include chlorin-pantothenic acid (CPA) and chlorin-biotin (CBTN) conjugates. Several other ternary combinations containing InCLA, CBTN, and CPA with either cisplatin, fluorouracil, or methotrexate were identified to generate a synergistic or additive effect. The light dosage remained constant, but the dosages of photosensitizers and chemotherapy drugs were varied to obtain the lowest possible concentration for the desired effect. The synergistic, additive or antagonistic effects of the drug combinations were determined based on the Chou-Talalay method, with InCLA-taxol having the lowest combination index (CI) of 0.25. Fluorescence and transmission electron microscopy (TEM) images provided evidence of apoptosis as the preferred mode of cell death. Our study demonstrated the combination of PDT and chemotherapy as a potential treatment option for TNBC patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Meden F Isaac-Lam
- Department of Chemistry and Physics, Purdue University Northwest, Westville, IN 46391, USA
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Reddy N, Reddy P, Ranpura A, Maharaj N, Arora R, Mamillapalli G, Adhav AS, Diwan AK, Manikhas A, Krasnozhon D. Efficacy, Safety, Pharmacokinetics, and Immunogenicity of DRL-Trastuzumab Versus Herceptin in Human Epidermal Growth Factor Receptor 2-Positive Metastatic Breast Cancer: A Randomized Controlled Trial. JCO Glob Oncol 2024; 10:e2200328. [PMID: 38237093 PMCID: PMC10805439 DOI: 10.1200/go.22.00328] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/30/2022] [Revised: 08/01/2023] [Accepted: 11/08/2023] [Indexed: 01/23/2024] Open
Abstract
PURPOSE Dr Reddy's Laboratories Trastuzumab (DRL_TZ) is a biosimilar to Herceptin under development. The present study was conducted to evaluate efficacy, safety, pharmacokinetics (PKs), and immunogenicity of DRL_TZ in comparison with the reference medicinal product (RMP) along with concomitant weekly paclitaxel in patients with human epidermal growth factor receptor 2 (HER2)-positive metastatic breast cancer (MBC). METHODS This was a randomized, double-blind study in female patients with HER2-positive MBC, randomly assigned in a 1:1 ratio to receive either DRL_TZ or the RMP, that is, an innovator product sourced from the European region, along with additional chemotherapy, as first-line treatment for up to 24 weeks. The primary end point was the best overall response rate (ORR) as per RECIST 1.1 criteria. Progression-free survival rate at 6 months (PFS6), safety, immunogenicity, and PK parameters were assessed as secondary end points. RESULTS A total of 164 patients were randomly assigned to receive either DRL_TZ or the RMP. Best ORR in the per-protocol population was comparable, 91.9% (93.3% CI, 83.2 to 96.3) versus 82.1% (93.3% CI, 72.0 to 89.1) in DRL_TZ and RMP arms, respectively; the difference between the arms was 9.8% with a 93.3% CI of -1.3 to 20.8. The PFS6 rate, safety, PK profile, and antidrug antibody incidence were comparable. An additional 44 patients were recruited in the postrandomization phase, in an open-label manner, and started on DRL_TZ to generate more data on efficacy, safety, and immunogenicity. The additional data with DRL_TZ, when pooled, were similar to the RMP data. CONCLUSION DRL_TZ was found to have similar efficacy and comparable safety, PK, and immunogenicity profiles as the RMP.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | | | - Rajendersingh Arora
- Sujan Surgical Cancer Hospital and Amravati Cancer Foundation, Amravati, India
| | | | | | - Ashok Kumar Diwan
- Government Medical College and Hospital, Medical College Square, Nagpur, India
| | - Alexey Manikhas
- St Petersburg State Budget Healthcare Institution “City Clinical Oncology Center”, St Petersburg, Russia
| | - Dmitriy Krasnozhon
- State Budget Healthcare Institution “Leningrad Regional Oncology Center”, St Petersburg, Russia
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Takla FN, Bayoumi WA, El-Messery SM, Nasr MNA. Developing multitarget coumarin based anti-breast cancer agents: synthesis and molecular modeling study. Sci Rep 2023; 13:13370. [PMID: 37591917 PMCID: PMC10435442 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-023-40232-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/10/2023] [Accepted: 08/07/2023] [Indexed: 08/19/2023] Open
Abstract
A new series of 7-substituted coumarin scaffolds containing a methyl ester moiety at the C4-position were synthesized and tested for their in vitro anti-proliferative activity against MCF-7 and MDA-MB-231 breast cancer cell lines using Doxorubicin (DOX) as reference. Compounds 2 and 8 showed noticeable selectivity against MCF-7 with IC50 = 6.0 and 5.8 µM, respectively compared to DOX with IC50 = 5.6 µM. Compounds 10, 12, and 14 exhibited considerable selectivity against Estrogen Negative cells with IC50 = 2.3, 3.5, and 1.9 µM, respectively) compared to DOX with (IC50 = 7.3 µM). The most promising compounds were tested as epidermal growth factor receptor and aromatase (ARO) enzymes inhibitors using erlotinib and exemestane (EXM) as standards, respectively. Results proved that compound 8 elicited the highest inhibitory activity (94.73% of the potency of EXM), while compounds 10 and 12 displayed 97.67% and 81.92% of the potency of Erlotinib, respectively. Further investigation showed that the promising candidates 8, 10, and 12 caused cell cycle arrest at G0-G1 and S phases and induced apoptosis. The mechanistic pathway was confirmed by elevating caspases-9 and Bax/Bcl-2 ratio. A set of in silico methods was also performed including docking, bioavailability ADMET screening and QSAR study.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fiby N Takla
- Department of Pharmaceutical Organic Chemistry, Faculty of Pharmacy, Mansoura University, Mansoura, 35516, Egypt
- Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, Faculty of Pharmacy, Delta University for Science and Technology, International Coastal Road, Gamasa City, 35712, Egypt
| | - Waleed A Bayoumi
- Department of Pharmaceutical Organic Chemistry, Faculty of Pharmacy, Mansoura University, Mansoura, 35516, Egypt
| | - Shahenda M El-Messery
- Department of Pharmaceutical Organic Chemistry, Faculty of Pharmacy, Mansoura University, Mansoura, 35516, Egypt.
| | - Magda N A Nasr
- Department of Pharmaceutical Organic Chemistry, Faculty of Pharmacy, Mansoura University, Mansoura, 35516, Egypt
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Fortune EE, Zaleta AK, Saxton MC. Biomarker testing communication, familiarity, and informational needs among people living with breast, colorectal, and lung cancer. PATIENT EDUCATION AND COUNSELING 2023; 112:107720. [PMID: 37062167 DOI: 10.1016/j.pec.2023.107720] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/05/2023] [Revised: 03/06/2023] [Accepted: 03/29/2023] [Indexed: 05/09/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVES This study aims to characterize patient experiences with biomarker testing, including history of biomarker testing, related communication and education, self-perceived familiarity and informational needs. METHODS 436 U.S. adults diagnosed with lung (38%), colorectal (35%) or breast cancer (27%) from 2018 to 2022 completed a survey. Two logistic regressions were conducted to predict patients' familiarity with biomarker testing and informational needs. RESULTS Despite high biomarker testing rates (85%), half of respondents reported low familiarity with biomarker testing and three-quarters reported outstanding informational needs. Regression models indicate those patients who have greater health literacy and report having conversations with their oncologists about biomarker testing have more familiarity with biomarker testing and less informational needs, even after controlling for important sociodemographic factors. CONCLUSIONS There is an opportunity to improve patients' familiarity with biomarker testing and decrease outstanding informational needs by focusing on factors such as health literacy and patient-provider communication, which could further cultivate patients' understanding of the importance of biomarker testing in cancer care. PRACTICE IMPLICATIONS These findings underscore the importance of patient-provider relationships and the need for additional tools that assist providers in assessing patients' health literacy and facilitating conversations with patients, especially those focused on complex topics such as biomarker testing.
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Affiliation(s)
- Erica E Fortune
- Cancer Support Community, Research and Training Institute, Philadelphia, PA, USA.
| | - Alexandra K Zaleta
- Cancer Support Community, Research and Training Institute, Philadelphia, PA, USA
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Kaje KC, Dsilva F, Sanal TS, Latha T, Kumar S, D’Souza C. Effect of Yoga Intervention on Inflammatory Biomarkers among Women with Breast Cancer - A Systematic Review. Indian J Palliat Care 2023; 29:223-233. [PMID: 37700899 PMCID: PMC10493689 DOI: 10.25259/ijpc_125_2022] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/07/2022] [Accepted: 11/18/2022] [Indexed: 01/14/2023] Open
Abstract
Background Inflammatory markers play a substantial role in the prognosis of breast cancer (BC). Studies have been conducted, evaluating the effect of yoga intervention (YI) on inflammatory biomarkers among BC cases. This systematic review consolidates the outcome of YI in the cancer microenvironment. Objective The objective of the study was to evaluate the effect of YI in the cancer microenvironment among BC women. Materials and Methods This review was conducted from May 2021 to December 2021. The inclusion criteria were experimental studies on adult BC cases with isolated YI. Studies conducted among paediatrics, case reports and case series were excluded from the study. Medline (PubMed), Medline (Ovid), Web of Science (WOS), Scopus, CINAHL and Cochrane Central databases were searched. The data were restricted from January 2000 to December 2021 with studies published in English. 'The Cochrane risk of bias assessment tool' was mobilised to evaluate the quality of the included studies. Results A total of nine studies met the inclusion criteria and comprised a sample size of 905 BC cases with a mean age of 50.26±8.27 years. Three studies evaluated tumour necrosis factor-alpha (TNF-α) and INTERLEUKIN (IL)-6, where two studies on TNF-α and one on IL-6 favoured the YI group. A study investigated soluble TNF receptor II (TNF-RII) and another on IL-1beta (IL-1β) has shown improved levels post-YI. A downward trend of cortisol levels was noted in four out of five studies. Two studies that examined the C-reactive protein and a study on IL-8 did not show any difference between the YI and the control groups. Conclusion This review's findings showed the downregulation of cortisol, markers of inflammation; TNF-α, IL-6, TNF-RII and IL-1β immediately to post-YI. Heterogeneities in terms of YIs, number of days of practice, duration and training received and the grade of BC cases are the concern of this review. However, YI can be considered a supportive therapy for BC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kaini Cecilia Kaje
- Department of Medical Surgical Nursing, Nitte Usha Institute of Nursing Sciences, NITTE (Deemed to be) University, Mangaluru, Karnataka, India
| | - Fatima Dsilva
- Department of Medical Surgical Nursing, Nitte Usha Institute of Nursing Sciences, NITTE (Deemed to be) University, Mangaluru, Karnataka, India
| | - T. S. Sanal
- Department of Research and Statistics, JDC Hospital and Research Center, Trivandrum, Kerala, India
| | - T. Latha
- Department of Medical Surgical Nursing, College of Nursing, AIIMS, Kalyani, West Bengal, India
| | - Shishir Kumar
- Department of Psychiatry, K.S. Hegde Medical Academy, Nitte (Deemed to be) University, Mangaluru, Karnataka, India
| | - Caren D’Souza
- Department of Surgery, K.S. Hegde Medical Academy, Nitte (Deemed to be) University, Mangaluru, Karnataka, India
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Obidiro O, Battogtokh G, Akala EO. Triple Negative Breast Cancer Treatment Options and Limitations: Future Outlook. Pharmaceutics 2023; 15:1796. [PMID: 37513983 PMCID: PMC10384267 DOI: 10.3390/pharmaceutics15071796] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 23.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/29/2023] [Revised: 06/19/2023] [Accepted: 06/21/2023] [Indexed: 07/30/2023] Open
Abstract
Triple negative breast cancer (TNBC) has a negative expression of estrogen receptors (ER), progesterone receptors (PR), and human epidermal growth factor receptors (HER2). The survival rate for TNBC is generally worse than other breast cancer subtypes. TNBC treatment has made significant advances, but certain limitations remain. Treatment for TNBC can be challenging since the disease has various molecular subtypes. A variety of treatment options are available, such as chemotherapy, immunotherapy, radiotherapy, and surgery. Chemotherapy is the most common of these options. TNBC is generally treated with systemic chemotherapy using drugs such as anthracyclines and taxanes in neoadjuvant or adjuvant settings. Developing resistance to anticancer drugs and off-target toxicity are the primary hindrances to chemotherapeutic solutions for cancer. It is imperative that researchers, clinicians, and pharmaceutical companies work together to develop effective treatment options for TNBC. Several studies have suggested nanotechnology as a potential solution to the problem of suboptimal TNBC treatment. In this review, we summarized possible treatment options for TNBC, including chemotherapy, immunotherapy, targeted therapy, combination therapy, and nanoparticle-based therapy, and some solutions for the treatment of TNBC in the future. Moreover, we gave general information about TNBC in terms of its characteristics and aggressiveness.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Emmanuel O. Akala
- Center for Drug Research and Development, Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, College of Pharmacy, Howard University, Washington, DC 20059, USA; (O.O.); (G.B.)
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Zhu JY, He HL, Jiang XC, Bao HW, Chen F. Multimodal ultrasound features of breast cancers: correlation with molecular subtypes. BMC Med Imaging 2023; 23:57. [PMID: 37069528 PMCID: PMC10111677 DOI: 10.1186/s12880-023-00999-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/15/2022] [Accepted: 03/15/2023] [Indexed: 04/19/2023] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVES To investigate whether multimodal intratumour and peritumour ultrasound features correlate with specific breast cancer molecular subtypes. METHODS From March to November 2021, a total of 85 patients with histologically proven breast cancer underwent B-mode, real-time elastography (RTE), colour Doppler flow imaging (CDFI) and contrast-enhanced ultrasound (CEUS). The time intensity curve (TIC) of CEUS was obtained, and the peak and time to peak (TTP) were analysed. Chi-square and binary logistic regression were used to analyse the connection between multimodal ultrasound imaging features and breast cancer molecular subtype. RESULTS Among 85 breast cancers, the subtypes were as follows: luminal A (36 cases, 42.4%), luminal B (20 cases, 23.5%), human epidermal growth factor receptor-2 positive (HER2+) (16 cases, 18.8%), and triple negative breast cancer (TNBC) (13 cases, 15.3%). Binary logistic regression models showed that RTE (P < 0.001) and CDFI (P = 0.036) were associated with the luminal A cancer subtype (C-index: 0.741), RTE (P = 0.016) and the peak ratio between intratumour and corpus mamma (P = 0.036) were related to the luminal B cancer subtype (C-index: 0.788). The peak ratio between peritumour and intratumour (P = 0.039) was related to the HER2 + cancer subtype (C-index: 0.859), and CDFI (P = 0.002) was associated with the TNBC subtype (C-index: 0.847). CONCLUSIONS Multimodal ultrasound features could be powerful predictors of specific breast cancer molecular subtypes. The intra- and peritumour CEUS features play assignable roles in separating luminal B and HER2 + breast cancer subtypes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jun-Yan Zhu
- Department of Ultrasound, Ruijin Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
- Department of Ultrasound, The First Affiliated Hospital of Zhejiang Chinese Medical University, Hangzhou, China
| | - Han-Lu He
- Department of Ultrasound, Ruijin Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
- Department of Ultrasound, The First Affiliated Hospital of Zhejiang Chinese Medical University, Hangzhou, China
| | - Xiao-Chun Jiang
- Department of Ultrasound, The First Affiliated Hospital of Zhejiang Chinese Medical University, Hangzhou, China
| | - Hai-Wei Bao
- Department of Ultrasound Medicine, The First Affiliated Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, China
| | - Fen Chen
- Department of Ultrasound, Ruijin Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China.
- Department of Ultrasound, The First Affiliated Hospital of Zhejiang Chinese Medical University, Hangzhou, China.
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Starek-Świechowicz B, Budziszewska B, Starek A. Alcohol and breast cancer. Pharmacol Rep 2023; 75:69-84. [PMID: 36310188 PMCID: PMC9889462 DOI: 10.1007/s43440-022-00426-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 14.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/02/2022] [Revised: 10/05/2022] [Accepted: 10/06/2022] [Indexed: 02/04/2023]
Abstract
Breast cancer is one of the main causes of death in women worldwide. In women, breast cancer includes over half of all tumours caused by alcohol. This paper discusses both ethanol metabolism and the mechanisms of mammary tumourigenesis caused by alcohol. Numerous signalling pathways in neoplastic transformation following alcohol consumption in women have been presented. In addition, primary and secondary prevention, phytochemicals, synthetic chemicals, specific inhibitors of enzymes and selective receptor modulators have been described.
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Affiliation(s)
- Beata Starek-Świechowicz
- Department of Biochemical Toxicology, Chair of Toxicology, Medical College, Jagiellonian University, Medyczna 9, 30-688 Kraków, Poland
| | - Bogusława Budziszewska
- Department of Biochemical Toxicology, Chair of Toxicology, Medical College, Jagiellonian University, Medyczna 9, 30-688 Kraków, Poland
| | - Andrzej Starek
- Department of Biochemical Toxicology, Chair of Toxicology, Medical College, Jagiellonian University, Medyczna 9, 30-688 Kraków, Poland
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12
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Gorobeiko M, Dinets A, Pominchuk D, Abdalla K, Prylutskyy Y, Hoperia V. Challenges of Differential Diagnosis Between Primary Hyperparathyroidism and Bone Metastases of Breast Cancer. CLINICAL MEDICINE INSIGHTS-CASE REPORTS 2022; 15:11795476221125136. [PMID: 36159181 PMCID: PMC9493671 DOI: 10.1177/11795476221125136] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/03/2022] [Accepted: 08/22/2022] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
Breast cancer might be complicated by distant metastases accompanied by
hypercalcemia, but hyperparathyroidism is not commonly considered in
the differential diagnosis. We present a case of 38 years old female
patient who was diagnosed with ductal breast carcinoma. Eight months
after the initial diagnosis the patient was diagnosed with distant
bone metastases. However, this diagnosis was reconsidered at follow
up, because we identified elevation of PTH 137.2 pg/ml,
Ca2+ 1.19 mmol/l, albumin corrected calcium
2.42 mmol/l, 25(OH)D 39.4 nmol/l, indicating hyperparathyroidism.
Scintigraphy with 99mTC-sestamibi confirmed parathyroid adenoma.
Postoperative histopathology confirmed 1.2 g chief-cell PTA. Two
months after the operation both PTH and Ca2+ levels were
within the normal ranges. This study emphasizes the importance of
considering possible hyperparathyroidism in patients with breast
cancer and hypercalcemia. Routine evaluation of PTH is considered as a
reasonable test in patients with breast cancer accompanied by bone
lesions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maksym Gorobeiko
- Department of Surgery, Institute of Biology and Medicine, Taras Shevchenko National University of Kyiv, Kyiv, Ukraine.,Department of Surgery, Verum Expert Clinic, Kyiv, Ukraine
| | - Andrii Dinets
- Department of Surgery, Institute of Biology and Medicine, Taras Shevchenko National University of Kyiv, Kyiv, Ukraine.,Department of Surgery, Verum Expert Clinic, Kyiv, Ukraine
| | | | - Karim Abdalla
- Department of Surgery, Verum Expert Clinic, Kyiv, Ukraine
| | - Yuriy Prylutskyy
- Department of Biophysics and Medical Informatics, Institute of Biology and Medicine, Taras Shevchenko National University of Kyiv, Kyiv, Ukraine
| | - Viktoria Hoperia
- Department of Fundamental Medicine, Institute of Biology and Medicine, Taras Shevchenko National University of Kyiv, Kyiv, Ukraine
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13
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Risk Factors for Chemotherapy-Induced Peripheral Neuropathy Caused by Nanoparticle Albumin-Bound Paclitaxel in Advanced Breast Cancer. BIOMED RESEARCH INTERNATIONAL 2022; 2022:9430952. [PMID: 36147633 PMCID: PMC9489370 DOI: 10.1155/2022/9430952] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/27/2022] [Accepted: 08/24/2022] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Abstract
Breast cancer (BC) is one of the most common malignancies affecting women and the leading cause of related mortality worldwide. An estimated 2260000 new cases of BC were diagnosed in 2020, which have seriously threatened the health. Paclitaxel (PTX), a natural product isolated from the bark of the pacific yew, has been found to be effective in treating advanced BC. Chemotherapy-induced peripheral neuropathy (CIPN), which refers to the damage to the peripheral nerves caused by exposure to a neurotoxic chemotherapeutic agent, is a common side effect affecting the patients undergoing PTX chemotherapy. Significant research efforts are needed to identify the various risk factors associated with CIPN. Here, a univariate analysis in BC patients with nanonab-PTX treatment was performed. The rate of CIPN in BC patients with albumin-bound paclitaxel (nab-PTX) for more than four weeks was significantly higher than that of patients with chemotherapy for less than four weeks. Moreover, the rate of CIPN in BC patients receiving nab-PTX first-line chemotherapy was remarkably higher than that in BC patients receiving paclitaxel as a sequence scheme. Taken together, chemotherapy cycles and the priority of nab-PTX-based chemotherapy can be considered the potential risk factors for CIPN induced by nab-PTX.
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14
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Karthic A, Roy A, Lakkakula J, Alghamdi S, Shakoori A, Babalghith AO, Emran TB, Sharma R, Lima CMG, Kim B, Park MN, Safi SZ, de Almeida RS, Coutinho HDM. Cyclodextrin nanoparticles for diagnosis and potential cancer therapy: A systematic review. Front Cell Dev Biol 2022; 10:984311. [PMID: 36158215 PMCID: PMC9494816 DOI: 10.3389/fcell.2022.984311] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/01/2022] [Accepted: 08/08/2022] [Indexed: 11/25/2022] Open
Abstract
Cancer is still one of the world’s deadliest health concerns. As per latest statistics, lung, breast, liver, prostate, and cervical cancers are reported topmost worldwide. Although chemotherapy is most widely used methodology to treat cancer, poor pharmacokinetic parameters of anticancer drugs render them less effective. Novel nano-drug delivery systems have the caliber to improve the solubility and biocompatibility of various such chemical compounds. In this regard, cyclodextrins (CD), a group of natural nano-oligosaccharide possessing unique physicochemical characteristics has been highly exploited for drug delivery and other pharmaceutical purposes. Their cup-like structure and amphiphilic nature allows better accumulation of drugs, improved solubility, and stability, whereas CDs supramolecular chemical compatibility renders it to be highly receptive to various kinds of functionalization. Therefore combining physical, chemical, and bio-engineering approaches at nanoscale to specifically target the tumor cells can help in maximizing the tumor damage without harming non-malignant cells. Numerous combinations of CD nanocomposites were developed over the years, which employed photodynamic, photothermal therapy, chemotherapy, and hyperthermia methods, particularly targeting cancer cells. In this review, we discuss the vivid roles of cyclodextrin nanocomposites developed for the treatment and theranostics of most important cancers to highlight its clinical significance and potential as a medical tool.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anandakrishnan Karthic
- Amity Institute of Biotechnology, Amity University Maharashtra, Mumbai-Pune Expressway, Mumbai, India
| | - Arpita Roy
- Department of Biotechnology, School of Engineering & Technology, Sharda University, Greater Noida, India
- *Correspondence: Arpita Roy, ; Bonglee Kim, ; Talha Bin Emran, ; Jaya Lakkakula,
| | - Jaya Lakkakula
- Amity Institute of Biotechnology, Amity University Maharashtra, Mumbai-Pune Expressway, Mumbai, India
- Centre for Computational Biology and Translational Research, Amity University Maharashtra, Mumbai-Pune Expressway, Mumbai, India
- *Correspondence: Arpita Roy, ; Bonglee Kim, ; Talha Bin Emran, ; Jaya Lakkakula,
| | - Saad Alghamdi
- Laboratory Medicine Department, Faculty of Applied Medical Sciences, Umm Al-Qura University, Makkah, Saudi Arabia
| | - Afnan Shakoori
- Laboratory Medicine Department, Faculty of Applied Medical Sciences, Umm Al-Qura University, Makkah, Saudi Arabia
| | - Ahmad O. Babalghith
- Medical Genetics Department, College of Medicine, Umm Al-Qura University, Makkah, Saudi Arabia
| | - Talha Bin Emran
- Department of Pharmacy, BGC Trust University Bangladesh, Chittagong, Bangladesh
- Department of Pharmacy, Faculty of Allied Health Sciences, Daffodil International University, Dhaka, Bangladesh
- *Correspondence: Arpita Roy, ; Bonglee Kim, ; Talha Bin Emran, ; Jaya Lakkakula,
| | - Rohit Sharma
- Department of Rasa Shastra and Bhaishajya Kalpana, Faculty of Ayurveda, Institute of Medical Sciences, Banaras Hindu University, Varanasi, India
| | | | - Bonglee Kim
- Department of Pathology, College of Korean Medicine, Kyung Hee University, Seoul, South Korea
- *Correspondence: Arpita Roy, ; Bonglee Kim, ; Talha Bin Emran, ; Jaya Lakkakula,
| | - Moon Nyeo Park
- Department of Pathology, College of Korean Medicine, Kyung Hee University, Seoul, South Korea
| | - Sher Zaman Safi
- Faculty of Medicine, Bioscience and Nursing, MAHSA University, Jenjarom, Malaysia
- IRCBM, COMSATS University Islamabad, Lahore, Pakistan
| | - Ray Silva de Almeida
- Department of Biological Chemistry, Regional University of Cariri –URCA, Crato, Brazil
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15
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Isaac-Lam MF, DeMichael KM. Calorie restriction and breast cancer treatment: a mini-review. J Mol Med (Berl) 2022; 100:1095-1109. [PMID: 35760911 DOI: 10.1007/s00109-022-02226-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/29/2022] [Revised: 06/02/2022] [Accepted: 06/10/2022] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
Calorie restriction (CR), referred to as a reduction in dietary calorie intake without malnutrition, has been demonstrated to be a safe way to extend longevity of yeast, worms, and laboratory animals, and to decrease the risk factors in age-related diseases including cancer in humans. Pre-clinical studies in animal models demonstrated that CR may enhance the efficacy of chemotherapy, radiation therapy, and immunotherapy during breast cancer treatment. Reduced calorie intake ameliorates risk factors and delays the onset of cancer by altering metabolism and fostering health-enhancing characteristics including increased autophagy and insulin sensitivity, and decreased blood glucose levels, inflammation, angiogenesis, and growth factor signaling. CR is not a common protocol implemented by medical practitioners to the general public due to the lack of substantial clinical studies. Future research and clinical trials are urgently needed to understand fully the biochemical basis of CR or CR mimetics to support its benefits. Here, we present a mini-review of research studies integrating CR as an adjuvant to chemotherapy, radiation therapy, or immunotherapy during breast cancer treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Meden F Isaac-Lam
- Department of Chemistry and Physics, Purdue University Northwest, Westville, IN, 46391, USA.
| | - Kelly M DeMichael
- Department of Chemistry and Physics, Purdue University Northwest, Westville, IN, 46391, USA
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16
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Abdelrazek MA, Nageb A, Barakat LA, Abouzid A, Elbaz R. BC-DETECT: combined detection of serum HE4 and TFF3 improves breast cancer diagnostic efficacy. Breast Cancer 2022; 29:507-515. [PMID: 34994942 DOI: 10.1007/s12282-021-01328-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/26/2021] [Accepted: 12/28/2021] [Indexed: 11/02/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Early accurate breast cancer (BC) diagnosis is critical in disease management. Mammography has been widely used. However, its radiation, and high false-negative and -positive results have always been a concern. We evaluated combined detection of human epididymal protein 4 (HE4) and trefoil factor 3 (TFF3) as substitute method to enhance BC diagnosis. METHODS HE4 and TFF3 blood levels were determined by ELISA in sera of 120 BC patients and 80 women (40 healthy and 40 benign breast disease) as controls. Receiver-operating characteristic curve was applied for evaluation diagnostic power of each biomarker and their combination. RESULTS In BC patients, serum HE4 [5 (2-11.9) vs. 3.1 (1.8-5.4) and 1 (1-3.5); P = 0.022] and TFF3 [5.3 (4.5-6.7) vs. 4.7 (4-4.8) and 3.9 (3-4.4); P = 0.027] were significantly higher than that in benign and healthy groups, respectively. Both HE4 (AUC = 0.783; P < 0.0001) and TFF3 (AUC = 0.759; P < 0.0001) had superior BC diagnostic ability compared to CEA and CA-15.3. Logistic regression analysis revealed simplified index BC-DETECT = HE4 + TFF3, and its values were significantly (P = 0.0132) elevated in BC (10.9 (8.4-17.2) compared to benign (7.2 (5.4-10.1)) and healthy (5.1 (4-6.3)) controls. AUC of BC-DETECT for BC prediction was (AUC = 0.850; P < 0.0001) with sensitivity, specificity, and positive and negative predictive values and accuracy of 84.2%, 70%, 80.8%, 74.7%, and 78.5%, respectively. High BC-DETECT levels were associated with tumor non-luminal subtypes, late stage, high grade, large size, lymph-node invasion, and multiple lesions. CONCLUSIONS BC-DETECT is inexpensive, rapid, and easy to perform and reliably guides BC early detection. Moreover, the association between elevated BC-DETECT values and disease severity may propose its potential role as prognostic marker.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mohamed A Abdelrazek
- Research and Development Department, Biotechnology Research Center, New Damietta, Egypt.
- Biochemistry Labs, Sherbin Central Hospital, Ministry of Health, Ad Daqahliyah, Egypt.
| | - Ahmed Nageb
- Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Science, Port Said University, Port Fuad, Egypt
| | - Lamiaa A Barakat
- Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Science, Port Said University, Port Fuad, Egypt
| | - Amr Abouzid
- Department of Surgical Oncology, Mansoura Oncology Centre, Faculty of Medicine, Mansoura University, Mansoura, Egypt
| | - Rizk Elbaz
- Genetics Unit, Faculty of Medicine, Mansoura University, Mansoura, Egypt
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17
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Mazurakova A, Koklesova L, Samec M, Kudela E, Kajo K, Skuciova V, Csizmár SH, Mestanova V, Pec M, Adamkov M, Al-Ishaq RK, Smejkal K, Giordano FA, Büsselberg D, Biringer K, Golubnitschaja O, Kubatka P. Anti-breast cancer effects of phytochemicals: primary, secondary, and tertiary care. EPMA J 2022; 13:315-334. [PMID: 35437454 PMCID: PMC9008621 DOI: 10.1007/s13167-022-00277-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 16.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/10/2022] [Accepted: 03/21/2022] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
Breast cancer incidence is actually the highest one among all cancers. Overall breast cancer management is associated with challenges considering risk assessment and predictive diagnostics, targeted prevention of metastatic disease, appropriate treatment options, and cost-effectiveness of approaches applied. Accumulated research evidence indicates promising anti-cancer effects of phytochemicals protecting cells against malignant transformation, inhibiting carcinogenesis and metastatic spread, supporting immune system and increasing effectiveness of conventional anti-cancer therapies, among others. Molecular and sub-/cellular mechanisms are highly complex affecting several pathways considered potent targets for advanced diagnostics and cost-effective treatments. Demonstrated anti-cancer affects, therefore, are clinically relevant for improving individual outcomes and might be applicable to the primary (protection against initial cancer development), secondary (protection against potential metastatic disease development), and tertiary (towards cascading complications) care. However, a detailed data analysis is essential to adapt treatment algorithms to individuals’ and patients’ needs. Consequently, advanced concepts of patient stratification, predictive diagnostics, targeted prevention, and treatments tailored to the individualized patient profile are instrumental for the cost-effective application of natural anti-cancer substances to improve overall breast cancer management benefiting affected individuals and the society at large.
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18
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Vitamin D May Protect against Breast Cancer through the Regulation of Long Noncoding RNAs by VDR Signaling. Int J Mol Sci 2022; 23:ijms23063189. [PMID: 35328609 PMCID: PMC8950893 DOI: 10.3390/ijms23063189] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/22/2022] [Revised: 03/13/2022] [Accepted: 03/14/2022] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Dietary vitamin D3 has attracted wide interest as a natural compound for breast cancer prevention and therapy, supported by in vitro and animal studies. The exact mechanism of such action of vitamin D3 is unknown and may include several independent or partly dependent pathways. The active metabolite of vitamin D3, 1α,25-dihydroxyvitamin D3 (1,25(OH)2D, calcitriol), binds to the vitamin D receptor (VDR) and induces its translocation to the nucleus, where it transactivates a myriad of genes. Vitamin D3 is involved in the maintenance of a normal epigenetic profile whose disturbance may contribute to breast cancer. In general, the protective effect of vitamin D3 against breast cancer is underlined by inhibition of proliferation and migration, stimulation of differentiation and apoptosis, and inhibition of epithelial/mesenchymal transition in breast cells. Vitamin D3 may also inhibit the transformation of normal mammary progenitors into breast cancer stem cells that initiate and sustain the growth of breast tumors. As long noncoding RNAs (lncRNAs) play an important role in breast cancer pathogenesis, and the specific mechanisms underlying this role are poorly understood, we provided several arguments that vitamin D3/VDR may induce protective effects in breast cancer through modulation of lncRNAs that are important for breast cancer pathogenesis. The main lncRNAs candidates to mediate the protective effect of vitamin D3 in breast cancer are lncBCAS1-4_1, AFAP1 antisense RNA 1 (AFAP1-AS1), metastasis-associated lung adenocarcinoma transcript 1 (MALAT1), long intergenic non-protein-coding RNA 511 (LINC00511), LINC00346, small nucleolar RNA host gene 6 (SNHG6), and SNHG16, but there is a rationale to explore several other lncRNAs.
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19
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Zhang J, Gao RF, Li J, Yu KD, Bi KX. Alloimperatorin activates apoptosis, ferroptosis and oxeiptosis to inhibit the growth and invasion of breast cancer cells in vitro. Biochem Cell Biol 2022; 100:213-222. [PMID: 35263194 DOI: 10.1139/bcb-2021-0399] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022] Open
Abstract
Breast cancer is the most common malignant tumour in women. Our research on alloimperatorin from Angelica dahurica showed that alloimperatorin inhibited breast cancer cell viability in a concentration- and time-dependent manner; it also showed that apoptosis and ferroptosis inhibitors significantly weakened the anti-survival effect of alloimperatorin. Alloimperatorin clearly induced breast cancer cell apoptosis and increased the activities of Caspase-3, Caspase-8, Caspase-9 and PARP; it also caused significant mitochondrial shrinkage, promoted the accumulation of Fe2+, ROS and MDA, and significantly reduced mRNA and protein expression levels of SLC7A11 and GPX4, indicating that alloimperatorin induces ferroptosis. In addition, alloimperatorin significantly promoted Keap1 expression; although it did not affect the expression of PGAM5 and AIFM1, it significantly reduced the phosphorylation level of AIFM1. After downregulating the expression of Keap1, PGAM5 or AIFM1, the inhibitory effect of alloimperatorin on cell viability was significantly weakened, indicating that alloimperatorin regulates the Keap1/PGAM5/AIFM1 pathway to promote oxeiptosis. Alloimperatorin significantly inhibited the invasion of breast cancer cells, while Keap1 siRNA or GPX4 overexpression vectors significantly enhanced cell invasion and effectively reversed the anti-invasive effect of alloimperatorin. Therefore, alloimperatorin induces breast cancer cell apoptosis, ferroptosis and oxeiptosis, thereby inhibiting cell growth and invasion.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jing Zhang
- Shanxi Provincial People's Hospital, Department of General Surgery, 29# shuangtasi Street, Yingze District, Taiyuan 030012, Shanxi Province, PRC., Taiyuan, China;
| | - Run-Fang Gao
- Shanxi Provincial People's Hospital, Department of General Surgery, Taiyuan, China;
| | - Jie Li
- Shanxi Provincial People's Hospital, Department of General Surgery, Taiyuan, China;
| | - Ke-da Yu
- Fudan University Shanghai Cancer Center, 89667, Shanghai, Shanghai, China;
| | - Kai-Xin Bi
- Shanxi Medical University, 74648, Taiyuan, Shanxi , China;
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20
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Mercatelli D, Formaggio F, Caprini M, Holding A, Giorgi F. Detection of subtype-specific breast cancer surface protein biomarkers via a novel transcriptomics approach. Biosci Rep 2021; 41:BSR20212218. [PMID: 34750607 PMCID: PMC8655506 DOI: 10.1042/bsr20212218] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/17/2021] [Revised: 10/29/2021] [Accepted: 11/08/2021] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Cell-surface proteins have been widely used as diagnostic and prognostic markers in cancer research and as targets for the development of anticancer agents. So far, very few attempts have been made to characterize the surfaceome of patients with breast cancer, particularly in relation with the current molecular breast cancer (BRCA) classification. In this view, we developed a new computational method to infer cell-surface protein activities from transcriptomics data, termed 'SURFACER'. METHODS Gene expression data from GTEx were used to build a normal breast network model as input to infer differential cell-surface proteins activity in BRCA tissue samples retrieved from TCGA versus normal samples. Data were stratified according to the PAM50 transcriptional subtypes (Luminal A, Luminal B, HER2 and Basal), while unsupervised clustering techniques were applied to define BRCA subtypes according to cell-surface proteins activity. RESULTS Our approach led to the identification of 213 PAM50 subtypes-specific deregulated surface genes and the definition of five BRCA subtypes, whose prognostic value was assessed by survival analysis, identifying a cell-surface activity configuration at increased risk. The value of the SURFACER method in BRCA genotyping was tested by evaluating the performance of 11 different machine learning classification algorithms. CONCLUSIONS BRCA patients can be stratified into five surface activity-specific groups having the potential to identify subtype-specific actionable targets to design tailored targeted therapies or for diagnostic purposes. SURFACER-defined subtypes show also a prognostic value, identifying surface-activity profiles at higher risk.
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Affiliation(s)
- Daniele Mercatelli
- Department of Pharmacy and Biotechnology, University of Bologna, 40126 Bologna, Italy
| | - Francesco Formaggio
- Department of Pharmacy and Biotechnology, University of Bologna, 40126 Bologna, Italy
| | - Marco Caprini
- Department of Pharmacy and Biotechnology, University of Bologna, 40126 Bologna, Italy
| | - Andrew Holding
- York Biomedical Research Institute, University of York, Heslington, York, YO10 5DD, U.K
| | - Federico M. Giorgi
- Department of Pharmacy and Biotechnology, University of Bologna, 40126 Bologna, Italy
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21
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Mao AW, Barck H, Young J, Paley A, Mao JH, Chang H. Identification of a novel cancer microbiome signature for predicting prognosis of human breast cancer patients. Clin Transl Oncol 2021; 24:597-604. [PMID: 34741726 DOI: 10.1007/s12094-021-02725-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/27/2021] [Accepted: 10/16/2021] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Prognosis of breast cancer (BC) patients differs considerably and identifying reliable prognostic biomarker(s) is imperative. With evidence that the microbiome plays a critical role in the response to cancer therapies, we aimed to identify a cancer microbiome signature for predicting the prognosis of BC patients. METHODS The TCGA BC microbiome data (TCGA-BRCA-microbiome) was downloaded from cBioPortal. Univariate and multivariate Cox regression analyses were used to examine association of microbial abundance with overall survival (OS) and to identify a microbial signature for creating a prognostic scoring model. The performance of the scoring model was assessed by the area under the ROC curve (AUC). Nomograms using the microbial signature, clinical factors, and molecular subtypes were established to predict OS and progression-free survival (PFS). RESULTS Among 1406 genera, the abundances of 94 genera were significantly associated with BC patient OS in TCGA-BRCA-microbiome dataset. From that set we identified a 15-microbe prognostic signature and developed a 15-microbial abundance prognostic scoring (MAPS) model. Patients in low-risk group significantly prolong OS and PFS as compared to those in high-risk group. The time-dependent ROC curves with MAPS showed good predictive efficacy both in OS and PFS. Moreover, MAPS is an independent prognostic factor for OS and PFS over clinical factors and PAM50-based molecular subtypes and superior to the previously published 12-gene signature. The integration of MAPS into nomograms significantly improved prognosis prediction. CONCLUSION MAPS was successfully established to have independent prognostic value, and our study provides a new avenue for developing prognostic biomarkers by microbiome profiling.
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Affiliation(s)
- A W Mao
- Berkeley Biomedical Data Science Center, Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory, Berkeley, CA, USA
| | - H Barck
- Berkeley Biomedical Data Science Center, Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory, Berkeley, CA, USA
| | - J Young
- Berkeley Biomedical Data Science Center, Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory, Berkeley, CA, USA
| | - A Paley
- Berkeley Biomedical Data Science Center, Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory, Berkeley, CA, USA
| | - J -H Mao
- Berkeley Biomedical Data Science Center, Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory, Berkeley, CA, USA. .,Biological Systems and Engineering Division, Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory, Berkeley, CA, USA.
| | - H Chang
- Berkeley Biomedical Data Science Center, Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory, Berkeley, CA, USA. .,Biological Systems and Engineering Division, Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory, Berkeley, CA, USA.
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22
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Sindhu RK, Verma R, Salgotra T, Rahman MH, Shah M, Akter R, Murad W, Mubin S, Bibi P, Qusti S, Alshammari EM, Batiha GES, Tomczyk M, Al-kuraishy HM. Impacting the Remedial Potential of Nano Delivery-Based Flavonoids for Breast Cancer Treatment. Molecules 2021; 26:5163. [PMID: 34500597 PMCID: PMC8434139 DOI: 10.3390/molecules26175163] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/30/2021] [Revised: 08/06/2021] [Accepted: 08/21/2021] [Indexed: 11/23/2022] Open
Abstract
Breast cancer persists as a diffuse source of cancer despite persistent detection and treatment. Flavonoids, a type of polyphenol, appear to be a productive option in the treatment of breast cancer, because of their capacity to regulate the tumor related functions of class of compounds. Plant polyphenols are flavonoids that appear to exhibit properties which are beneficial for breast cancer therapy. Numerous epidemiologic studies have been performed on the dynamic effect of plant polyphenols in the prevention of breast cancer. There are also subclasses of flavonoids that have antioxidant and anticarcinogenic activity. These can regulate the scavenging activity of reactive oxygen species (ROS) which help in cell cycle arrest and suppress the uncontrolled division of cancer cells. Numerous studies have also been performed at the population level, one of which reported a connection between cancer risk and intake of dietary flavonoids. Breast cancer appears to show intertumoral heterogeneity with estrogen receptor positive and negative cells. This review describes breast cancer, its various factors, and the function of flavonoids in the prevention and treatment of breast cancer, namely, how flavonoids and their subtypes are used in treatment. This review proposes that cancer risk can be reduced, and that cancer can be even cured by improving dietary intake. A large number of studies also suggested that the intake of fruit and vegetables is associated with reduced breast cancer and paper also includes the role and the use of nanodelivery of flavonoids in the healing of breast cancer. In addition, the therapeutic potential of orally administered phyto-bioactive compounds (PBCs) is narrowed because of poor stability and oral bioavailability of compounds in the gastrointestinal tract (GIT), and solubility also affects bioavailability. In recent years, creative nanotechnology-based approaches have been advised to enhance the activity of PBCs. Nanotechnology also offers the potential to become aware of disease at earlier stages, such as the detection of hidden or unconcealed metastasis colonies in patients diagnosed with lung, colon, prostate, ovarian, and breast cancer. However, nanoformulation-related effects and safety must not be overlooked. This review gives a brief discussion of nanoformulations and the effect of nanotechnology on herbal drugs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rakesh K. Sindhu
- Chitkara College of Pharmacy, Chitkara University, Punjab 140401, India; (R.V.); (T.S.)
| | - Rishu Verma
- Chitkara College of Pharmacy, Chitkara University, Punjab 140401, India; (R.V.); (T.S.)
| | - Twinkle Salgotra
- Chitkara College of Pharmacy, Chitkara University, Punjab 140401, India; (R.V.); (T.S.)
| | - Md. Habibur Rahman
- Department of Pharmacy, Southeast University, Banani, Dhaka 1213, Bangladesh
- Department of Global Medical Science, Wonju College of Medicine, Yonsei University, Gangwon, Wonju 26426, Korea;
| | - Muddaser Shah
- Department of Botany, Abdul Wali Khan University Mardan, Mardan 23200, Pakistan; (W.M.); (P.B.)
| | - Rokeya Akter
- Department of Global Medical Science, Wonju College of Medicine, Yonsei University, Gangwon, Wonju 26426, Korea;
| | - Waheed Murad
- Department of Botany, Abdul Wali Khan University Mardan, Mardan 23200, Pakistan; (W.M.); (P.B.)
| | - Sidra Mubin
- Department of Botany, Hazara University Mansehra, Mansehra 21310, Pakistan;
| | - Parveen Bibi
- Department of Botany, Abdul Wali Khan University Mardan, Mardan 23200, Pakistan; (W.M.); (P.B.)
| | - Safaa Qusti
- Biochemistry Department, Faculty of Science, King Abdul Aziz University, Jeddah 22230, Saudi Arabia;
| | - Eida M. Alshammari
- Department of Chemistry, College of Sciences, University of Ha’il, Ha’il 55211, Saudi Arabia;
| | - Gaber El-Saber Batiha
- Department of Pharmacology and Therapeutics, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Damanhour University, Damanhour 22511, Al Beheira, Egypt;
| | - Michał Tomczyk
- Department of Pharmacognosy, Medical University of Białystok, ul. Mickiewicza 2a, 15-230 Białystok, Poland;
| | - Hayder M. Al-kuraishy
- Department of Clinical Pharmacology and Medicine, College of Medicine, Al Mustanysiriyia University, Baghdad 10011, Iraq;
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Dawood S, Konstantionva M, Dent R, Perazzo F, Kim SB, Villarreal-Garza C, Franco S, Dai MS, Simon S. Optimizing treatment selection, and sequencing decisions for Management of HR-Positive, HER2-Negative advanced breast cancer - Proceedings from breast cancer expert group meeting. BMC Proc 2021; 15:15. [PMID: 34372853 PMCID: PMC8351081 DOI: 10.1186/s12919-021-00224-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 06/24/2021] [Indexed: 12/24/2022] Open
Abstract
PURPOSE The therapeutic landscape of hormone receptor-positive (HR+), human epidermal growth factor receptor 2-negative (HER2-) metastatic breast cancer (mBC) has evolved considerably with the introduction of newer targeted agents and their combinations with endocrine therapies. In this scenario, optimizing treatment selection and sequencing is daunting for clinicians. The purpose of this review is to provide evidence-based answers to key clinical questions on treatment selection and sequencing for the management of HR + HER2 - mBC. DESIGN A panel of nine key opinion leaders from Argentina, Brazil, Colombia, Mexico, Moscow, Singapore, South Korea, Taiwan, and UAE convened in October 2018. They reviewed the literature and formulated answers to clinical questions on optimizing the management of HR + HER2 - mBC. RESULTS Evidence-based answers were formulated for: (1) optimal initial treatment choice; (2) ovarian function suppression, optimal endocrine partner, and role of cyclin-dependent kinase 4/6 (CDK4/6) inhibitors (in premenopausal women); (3) better first-line standard of care than aromatase inhibitors; (4) preferred second-line treatment; (5) treatment of oligometastatic disease; (6) factors influencing first-line single-agent endocrine therapy choice; (7) influence of endocrine resistance on treatment selection; (8) optimal maintenance regimen in visceral crisis; and (9) need for a breast cancer registry for patients with HR + HER2 - mBC. The panel also proposed a treatment-sequencing algorithm for the management of HR + HER2 - mBC. CONCLUSION The current article will serve as a comprehensive guide for optimizing the management of HR + HER2 - mBC. The proposed breast cancer registry will help identify unmet needs and develop strategic regional policies to help improve access to optimized care for HR + HER2 - mBC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shaheenah Dawood
- Dubai Health Care City, Consultant Medical Oncologist, Mediclinic City Hospital - North Wing, Dubai, UAE.
| | - Maria Konstantionva
- Head of the Department of antitumor drug therapy, F. VladimirskIy Moscow Regional Research Clinical Institute (MONIKI), Moscow, Russia
| | - Rebecca Dent
- Head, Breast Medical Oncology Team, National Cancer Center Singapore, Singapore, Singapore
| | - Florencia Perazzo
- Department of Oncology, Centro de Educación Médicae Investigaciones Clínicas (CEMIC), Ciudad de Buenos Aires, Argentina
| | - Sung-Bae Kim
- Department of Oncology, Asan Medical Center, University of Ulsan College of Medicine, Songpa-gu, Seoul, South Korea
| | - Cynthia Villarreal-Garza
- Centro de Cancer de Mama, Hospital Zambrano Hellion, Tecnologico de Monterrey, San Pedro Garza García, NL, Mexico
- Depto. de Investigacion, Instituto Nacional de Cancerologia, Mexico city, Mexico
| | - Sandra Franco
- Head of Oncology, Clínica del Country, Bogotá, Colombia
| | - Ming-Shen Dai
- Department of Hematology/Oncology, Tri-Service General Hospital, National Defense Medical Center, Taipei City, Taiwan
| | - Sergio Simon
- Centro Paulista de Oncologia (CPO), Sao Paulo, Brazil
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