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Lewis KE. Smoking cessation at lung cancer screening: joining (life-saving) dots. Eur Respir J 2024; 63:2400550. [PMID: 38636975 DOI: 10.1183/13993003.00550-2024] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/18/2024] [Accepted: 03/19/2024] [Indexed: 04/20/2024]
Affiliation(s)
- Keir E Lewis
- School of Medicine, Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Swansea, Swansea, UK
- Department of Respiratory Medicine, Prince Philip Hospital, Hywel Dda University Health Board, Llanelli, UK
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Li J, Zhu Y, Zhang Z, Cai D, Han H, Liang J, Wang F, Ye B, Liang Y. The association of individual cognition and social environment of smoking with autonomy over tobacco: A survey from rural China. Tob Induc Dis 2024; 22:TID-22-14. [PMID: 38250631 PMCID: PMC10799254 DOI: 10.18332/tid/175974] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/01/2023] [Revised: 11/21/2023] [Accepted: 11/27/2023] [Indexed: 01/23/2024] Open
Abstract
INTRODUCTION This study explores the association of individual cognition and social environment of smoking with autonomy over tobacco, providing evidence and insights to help smokers effectively prevent and reduce tobacco dependence. METHODS Data were collected from 1389 participants, aged ≥15 years, by face-to-face interviews from June 2018 to November 2019 in central China. We assessed autonomy over tobacco using the Autonomy Over Smoking Scale (AUTOS), including Withdrawal Symptoms (WS), Psychological Dependence (PD) and Cue-induced Cravings (CC), and examined factors of individual cognition and social environment, as well as covariates, including demographic characteristics, health status, and smoking behavior. RESULTS AUTOS total score was 16.92 ± 9.05, WS score was the lowest (4.40 ± 3.36) in the three subscales, and CC score was the highest (6.88 ± 3.2). After adjustment, WS score of having a greater awareness of smoking hazards to one's own health was lower than those who had no awareness (β=0.14; 95% CI: -0.31-0.00), and the total score of AUTOS, the score of PD and CC for those who thought smoking was 'more helpful (high)' to interpersonal communication were higher than 'not helpful (not at all)' (β=0.14; 95% CI: 0.01-0.28 with β=0.16; 95% CI: 0.02-0.29; and β=0.14; 95% CI: 0.00-0.28; respectively). Having a greater difficulty in smoking cessation was associated with higher AUTOS total and subscale scores (p<0.001). Notably, none of the social-environmental factors included had a significant association with AUTOS scores. CONCLUSIONS Interventions targeting individual cognitive factors of tobacco dependence seem to be more effective in smoking cessation. Future research may explore the influence of family and workplace among social environmental factors, which may reveal the effect of a binding force.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jiaoyan Li
- Department of Social Medicine and Health Management, School of Public Health, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China
| | - Yimei Zhu
- School of Media, Communication and Sociology, University of Leicester, Leicester, United Kingdom
| | - Zhihong Zhang
- Department of Oncology, Gongan County People's Hospital, Hubei Province, China
| | - Deyu Cai
- Department of Social Medicine and Health Management, School of Public Health, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China
| | - Huinan Han
- Department of Social Medicine and Health Management, School of Public Health, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China
| | - Jing Liang
- Department of Academic Research, Hubei Academy of Social Sciences, Wuhan, China
| | - Fang Wang
- Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, College of Public Health, Xuzhou Medical University, Xuzhou, China
| | - Beizhu Ye
- Department of Social Medicine and Health Management, College of Public Health, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, China
| | - Yuan Liang
- Department of Social Medicine and Health Management, School of Public Health, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China
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Davies K, Courtney RJ, Summersby-Mitchell M, Morell R, Briggs N, Lappin JM. A systematic review of factors associated with sustained smoking abstinence in people experiencing severe mental illness following participation in a smoking intervention. Aust N Z J Psychiatry 2023; 57:489-510. [PMID: 36744432 DOI: 10.1177/00048674221147206] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE People experiencing severe mental illness report higher rates of tobacco smoking than the general population, while rates of quitting and sustaining abstinence are considerably lower. This systematic review aimed to identify factors associated with sustained abstinence in people experiencing severe mental illness following a smoking intervention. METHOD Searches were conducted in PubMed, PsycInfo, Scopus, Embase, Emcare, CINAHL and Cochrane Library from the inception of the e-databases until June 2022. Selection criteria included randomised and non-randomised studies of smoking cessation interventions in which most of the participants were experiencing severe mental illness, and reported a follow-up of 3 months or longer. From an initial 1498 unique retrieved records, 26 references were included detailing 17 smoking cessation intervention studies and 3 relapse prevention intervention studies. Risk of bias was assessed using the RoB2 tool for randomised study designs and the ROBINS-I tool for non-randomised designs. RESULTS Participation in smoking interventions was associated with higher odds of abstinence in the medium-term, but not long-term follow-ups. There was insufficient evidence that any other factors impact sustained abstinence. Most studies were considered to have some risk of bias, largely due to insufficient availability of analysis plans. CONCLUSION Despite an abundance of studies investigating smoking cessation in smokers experiencing severe mental illness, there is limited knowledge on the factors associated with staying quit. The inclusion of people experiencing severe mental illness in large-scale randomised control trials, in which predictors of sustained abstinence are measured in the medium and long term are needed to address this important question.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kimberley Davies
- Discipline of Psychiatry & Mental Health, UNSW Medicine & Health, UNSW Sydney, Sydney, NSW, Australia
| | - Ryan J Courtney
- National Drug and Alcohol Research Centre, UNSW Medicine & Health, UNSW Sydney, Sydney, NSW, Australia
| | | | - Rachel Morell
- Mindgardens Neuroscience Network, Sydney, NSW, Australia
| | - Nancy Briggs
- Stats Central, Mark Wainwright Analytical Centre, UNSW Sydney, Sydney, NSW, Australia
| | - Julia M Lappin
- Discipline of Psychiatry & Mental Health, UNSW Medicine & Health, UNSW Sydney, Sydney, NSW, Australia
- National Drug and Alcohol Research Centre, UNSW Medicine & Health, UNSW Sydney, Sydney, NSW, Australia
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Chung CH, Lin IJ, Huang YC, Sun CA, Chien WC, Tzeng NS. The association between abused adults and substance abuse in Taiwan, 2000-2015. BMC Psychiatry 2023; 23:123. [PMID: 36823534 PMCID: PMC9951533 DOI: 10.1186/s12888-023-04608-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/23/2022] [Accepted: 02/13/2023] [Indexed: 02/25/2023] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVE To investigate whether adults suffering from violence were at risk of substance abuse and provides insight into the relationship between male and female abusers and substance abuse from 2000 to 2015 in Taiwan. METHODS This study used data on outpatient, emergency, and inpatient visits for 2 million people enrolled in universal health insurance from 2000 to 2015. ICD-9 diagnosis codes 995.8 (abused adult) and E960-E969 (homicide and injury purposely inflicted by other persons) were defined in this case study, analyzing first-time violence in adults aged 18-64 (study group). Non-abused patients (control group) were matched in a 1:4 ratio, and the paired variables were gender, age (± 1 year), pre-exposure Charlson Comorbidity Index, and year of medical treatment. SAS 9.4 and Cox regression were used for data analysis. RESULTS A total of 8,726 people suffered violence (control group: 34,904 people) over 15 years. The prevalence of substance abuse among victims of violence was 78.3/104, 61.9/104, and 51.5/104 for tobacco use disorder, alcoholism, and alcohol abuse, respectively. The risk (adults, overall) of drug abuse, drug dependence, and alcoholism after exposure to violence (average 9 years) was 7.47, 7.15, and 6.86 times (p < 0.01), respectively, compared with those without violence. The risk (adults, males) of drug abuse, drug dependence, and alcohol abuse after exposure to violence (average 9 years) was 6.85, 6.27, and 6.07 times, respectively, higher than those without violence (p < 0.01). Risks of drug dependence, alcohol abuse and alcoholism (adults, females) after exposure to violence (average 9 years) were 14.92, 12.26, and 11.55 times, respectively, higher than non-abused ones (p < 0.01). CONCLUSION The risks of substance abuse, after adult violence, are higher than in those who have not suffered violent injuries.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chi-Hsiang Chung
- grid.260565.20000 0004 0634 0356School of Public Health, National Defense Medical Center, 11490 Taipei, Taiwan ,grid.278244.f0000 0004 0638 9360Department of Medical Research, Tri-Service General Hospital, 11490 Taipei, Taiwan ,Taiwanese Injury Prevention and Safety Promotion Association (TIPSPA), 11490 Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Iau-Jin Lin
- grid.278244.f0000 0004 0638 9360Department of Medical Research, Tri-Service General Hospital, 11490 Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Yao-Ching Huang
- grid.260565.20000 0004 0634 0356School of Public Health, National Defense Medical Center, 11490 Taipei, Taiwan ,grid.278244.f0000 0004 0638 9360Department of Medical Research, Tri-Service General Hospital, 11490 Taipei, Taiwan ,grid.412087.80000 0001 0001 3889Department of Chemical Engineering and Biotechnology, National Taipei University of Technology (Taipei Tech), 10608 Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Chien-An Sun
- grid.256105.50000 0004 1937 1063Department of Public Health, College of Medicine, Fu-Jen Catholic University, 242062 New Taipei City, Taiwan ,grid.256105.50000 0004 1937 1063Big Data Center, College of Medicine, Fu-Jen Catholic University, 242062 New Taipei City, Taiwan
| | - Wu-Chien Chien
- School of Public Health, National Defense Medical Center, 11490, Taipei, Taiwan. .,Department of Medical Research, Tri-Service General Hospital, 11490, Taipei, Taiwan. .,Taiwanese Injury Prevention and Safety Promotion Association (TIPSPA), 11490, Taipei, Taiwan. .,Graduate Institute of Life Sciences, National Defense Medical Center, 11490, Taipei, Taiwan.
| | - Nian-Sheng Tzeng
- Student Counseling Center, National Defense Medical Center, 11490, Taipei, Taiwan. .,Department of Psychiatry, Tri-Service General Hospital, 11490, Taipei, Taiwan.
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Carballo JL, Rodríguez-Espinosa S, Sancho-Domingo C, Coloma-Carmona A. Validation of the Glover-Nilsson Smoking Behavioral Questionnaire (GN-SBQ) to Evaluate Nicotine Dependence in Spanish Clinical Settings. INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH AND PUBLIC HEALTH 2023; 20:1119. [PMID: 36673877 PMCID: PMC9858870 DOI: 10.3390/ijerph20021119] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/03/2022] [Revised: 12/27/2022] [Accepted: 01/04/2023] [Indexed: 06/17/2023]
Abstract
An assessment of the different aspects of tobacco addiction is central to adapting interventions to the profiles and needs of smokers. The Glover−Nilsson Smoking Behavioral Questionnaire (GN-SBQ) is one of the few and most used scales to evaluate the behavioral aspects of tobacco addiction. However, few studies involve the validation of the GN-SBQ in clinical settings. Thus, this study aimed to analyze the psychometric properties of the GN-SBQ in a sample of Spanish smokers. A total of 341 smokers attending clinical services in Spain participated in this cross-sectional study. Measures included the psychological factors related to tobacco addiction, assessed with the GN-SBQ, the physical factors of nicotine addiction, withdrawal symptoms, smoking-related variables, and alcohol use. Data analysis included descriptive statistics, internal consistency coefficients, confirmatory factor analyses, Spearman correlations, and the Kruskal−Wallis test. The GN-SBQ showed adequate reliability (α = 0.76 and ω = 0.76) and a unidimensional structure. GN-SBQ scores also provided evidence of convergent and concurrent validity. GN-SBQ scores significantly correlated with the physical symptoms of addiction, age, number of cigarettes, and withdrawal symptoms. The results of discriminant validity were also adequate, as no correlation was observed between GN-SBQ scores and CO levels or alcohol use. Significant differences were found between all levels of psychological addiction based on the GN-SBQ scores regarding physical nicotine addiction, withdrawal symptoms, and age. Thus, this questionnaire is a reliable and valid instrument to assess the psychological aspects of tobacco addiction in smokers in clinical settings. The short length of the GN-SBQ proves advantageous for its use in time-limited assessments, which are common in public health services.
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Affiliation(s)
- José Luis Carballo
- Center for Applied Psychology, Miguel Hernández University, Avenida Universidad, s/n, 03202 Elche, Spain
| | | | | | - Ainhoa Coloma-Carmona
- Center for Applied Psychology, Miguel Hernández University, Avenida Universidad, s/n, 03202 Elche, Spain
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