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Fang Y, Yongqian Z, Yin L, Li M, Mei Z, Jing Y, Di W. Clinical characteristics, survival analysis and influencing factors of distant metastasis in patients with acromelanomas: A retrospective study. Medicine (Baltimore) 2024; 103:e38230. [PMID: 38847674 PMCID: PMC11155514 DOI: 10.1097/md.0000000000038230] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/06/2023] [Accepted: 04/23/2024] [Indexed: 06/10/2024] Open
Abstract
The prognosis of acromelanomas (AM) is worse. The objective of this study was to investigate the clinical features of distant metastasis of AM and the factors affecting the survival and prognosis of patients. In this study, a retrospective study was conducted to select 154 AM patients admitted to Nanjing Pukou People's Hospital from January 2018 to April 2021 for clinical research. The clinical characteristics of distant metastasis were statistically analyzed, and the survival curve was drawn with 5-year follow-up outcomes. The median survival time of the patients was calculated, and the clinicopathological features and peripheral blood laboratory indexes of the surviving and dead patients were analyzed. Logistic regression model was used to analyze the risk factors affecting the prognosis of AM patients. In this study, 154 patients with AM were treated, including 88 males and 76 females, aged from 27 to 79 years old, with an average age of (59.3 ± 11.7) years old. Among them, 90 cases had distant metastasis. The main metastatic sites were lung (47.78%) and lymph nodes (42.22%). Among them, single site metastasis accounted for 41.11% and multiple site metastasis 58.89%. 89 cases survived and 65 cases died. The survival time was 22 months to 60 months, and the median survival time was 48.0 months. The Breslow thickness, stage at diagnosis, distant metastasis, site of metastasis and ulceration were compared between the survival group and the death group (P < .05). serum lactate dehydrogenase (LDH), neutrophil-to-lymphocyte ratio (NLR) and lymphocyte monocyte ratio (LMR) were compared between the survival group and the death group (P < .05). The results of Logistic regression model showed that LDH ≥ 281 U/L, NLR ≥ 2.96, LMR ≤ 3.57, newly diagnosed stage > stage II, distant metastasis, multiple site metastasis and tumor ulcer were independent risk factors for poor prognosis of AM patients (P < .05). Patients with AM had a higher proportion of distant metastasis, mainly lung and lymph node metastasis. Increased LDH, increased NLR, decreased LMR, higher initial stage, distant metastasis, multiple site metastasis, and combined tumor ulcer were closely related to the poor prognosis of patients after surgery.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yan Fang
- Department of Dermatology, Nanjing Pukou People’s Hospital, Nanjing, Jiangsu, People’s Republic of China
| | - Zhu Yongqian
- Department of Information, Jiangsu Provincial People’s Hospital, Nanjing, Jiangsu, People’s Republic of China
| | - Lu Yin
- Department of Dermatology, Nanjing Pukou People’s Hospital, Nanjing, Jiangsu, People’s Republic of China
| | - Min Li
- Department of Ultrasound, Jiangdong Community Service Center, Nanjing, Jiangsu, People’s Republic of China
| | - Zhang Mei
- Department of Pathology, Nanjing Pukou People’s Hospital, Nanjing, Jiangsu, People’s Republic of China
| | - Yang Jing
- Department of Dermatology, Nanjing Pukou People’s Hospital, Nanjing, Jiangsu, People’s Republic of China
| | - Wu Di
- Department of Dermatology, Jiangsu Provincial People’s Hospital, Nanjing, Jiangsu, People’s Republic of China
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Waki Y, Nobeyama Y, Nakagawa H, Asahina A. High prevalence of dermatophytosis of the feet in acral melanoma of the foot. J Dermatol 2024. [PMID: 38711284 DOI: 10.1111/1346-8138.17256] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/29/2024] [Accepted: 04/16/2024] [Indexed: 05/08/2024]
Abstract
The clinical characteristics and pathogenesis of acral melanoma of the foot (AMF) have not been sufficiently elucidated. Clinical or subclinical persistent inflammation of the feet is caused by dermatophytosis of the feet (DPF). Persistent inflammation is potentially associated with oncogenesis. Moreover, diabetes has been reported to be associated with the development of dermatophytosis and cancer. The present study aimed to elucidate the clinical association between DPF and AMF, with consideration of diabetes. The medical records of 114 Japanese patients were retrospectively examined and divided into an AMF group (n = 30) and a control group consisting of patients with foot diseases other than melanoma (n = 84). Microscopic DPF screening was performed on all patients who reported symptoms in the foot, with or without AMF. Patients underwent a microscopic test to detect the presence of dermatophytes, and the diagnosis of DPF was made based on a positive result. In the AMF group, 18 (60.0%) and eight (26.7%) patients had DPF and diabetes, respectively. Four patients (13.3%) had both DPF and diabetes. In the control group, 25 (29.8%) and 11 (13.1%) patients had DPF and diabetes, respectively. Five patients (6.0%) had both DPF and diabetes. Univariate analyses showed a significantly higher prevalence of DPF in the AMF group than in the control group (odds ratio, 3.540; p = 0.003, Pearson χ2 test). Furthermore, multivariate analyses of sex, body mass index, DPF, and diabetes revealed DPF as a significant factor associated with AMF (odds ratio, 4.285; p = 0.002, logistic regression analysis). The hyperkeratotic type of DPF was more frequently observed in patients with AMF than in control patients (odds ratio, 11.083; p < 0.001, Pearson χ2 test). In conclusion, the present study found a significantly higher prevalence of DPF, especially its hyperkeratotic type, in patients with AMF. DPF may be associated with AMF pathogenesis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yuma Waki
- Department of Dermatology, The Jikei University School of Medicine, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Yoshimasa Nobeyama
- Department of Dermatology, The Jikei University School of Medicine, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Hidemi Nakagawa
- Department of Dermatology, The Jikei University School of Medicine, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Akihiko Asahina
- Department of Dermatology, The Jikei University School of Medicine, Tokyo, Japan
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Zhong J, Zou Z, Hu T, Sun W, Wang C, Yan W, Luo Z, Liu X, Xu Y, Chen Y. Survival impact of immediate complete lymph node dissection for Chinese acral and cutaneous melanoma with micrometastasis in sentinel nodes: a retrospective study. Clin Exp Med 2023; 23:4003-4010. [PMID: 37300655 PMCID: PMC10618307 DOI: 10.1007/s10238-023-01107-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/03/2023] [Accepted: 05/29/2023] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
Sentinel node biopsy (SNB) has become a critical part of standard surgical treatment for melanoma with no clinical metastatic evidence. However, for patients with a positive sentinel node, the MSLT-II and DeCOG-SLT trials have shown that immediate complete lymph node dissection (CLND) does not bring further survival benefits. There is still an argument among the Chinese population dominated by acral subtypes on whether CLND can be omitted. Thus, this study aims to investigate the impact of immediate CLND on relapse-free survival (RFS) in Chinese melanoma patients with a positive sentinel node. Patients with acral or cutaneous melanoma of clinical Stages I-II who received SNB procedure and were detected with nodal micrometastasis were retrospectively collected at Fudan University Cancer Center (FUSCC) from January 2017 to December 2021. The clinicopathologic features and prognostic factors for RFS were analyzed. Out of 381 patients who received SNB in the past 5 years, 130 (34%) cases with SN micrometastasis detected were included in this study. Ninety-nine patients underwent immediate CLND while the other 31 patients received observation alone. Among patients who received CLND, the non-SN(NSN)-positive rate was 22.2%. Most of the clinicopathologic factors were balanced well between the CLND and non-CLND groups. However, more patients in the CLND group were detected with BRAF and NRAS mutation (P = 0.006) and received adjuvant PD-1 monotherapy (P = 0.042) as well. There were slightly fewer N1 patients in the CLND group, although the difference did not reach statistical significance (P = 0.075). The study found no significant difference in RFS between the two groups (P = 0.184). Even for patients with the acral subtype (P = 0.925), primary T4 lesion (P = 0.769), or presence of ulceration (P = 0.249), immediate CLND did not bring more survival benefits. Immediate CLND did not bring further RFS benefit for Chinese melanoma patients with SN micrometastasis in real-world clinical practice, even for patients with acral subtype or more tumor burden such as thick Breslow invasion and ulceration.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jingqin Zhong
- Department of Musculoskeletal Surgery, Fudan University Shanghai Cancer Center, Shanghai, China
| | - Zijian Zou
- Department of Musculoskeletal Surgery, Fudan University Shanghai Cancer Center, Shanghai, China
| | - Tu Hu
- Department of Musculoskeletal Surgery, Fudan University Shanghai Cancer Center, Shanghai, China
| | - Wei Sun
- Department of Musculoskeletal Surgery, Fudan University Shanghai Cancer Center, Shanghai, China
| | - Chunmeng Wang
- Department of Musculoskeletal Surgery, Fudan University Shanghai Cancer Center, Shanghai, China
| | - Wangjun Yan
- Department of Musculoskeletal Surgery, Fudan University Shanghai Cancer Center, Shanghai, China
| | - Zhiguo Luo
- Department of Medical Oncology, Fudan University Shanghai Cancer Center, Shanghai, China
| | - Xin Liu
- Department of Medical Oncology, Fudan University Shanghai Cancer Center, Shanghai, China
| | - Yu Xu
- Department of Musculoskeletal Surgery, Fudan University Shanghai Cancer Center, Shanghai, China.
| | - Yong Chen
- Department of Musculoskeletal Surgery, Fudan University Shanghai Cancer Center, Shanghai, China.
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Mo Z, Liu J, Zhang J, Deng Y, Xu M, Jiang Y. Association of NRAS mutations and tertiary lymphoid structure formation with clinical outcomes of adjuvant PD-1 inhibitors for acral melanoma. Int Immunopharmacol 2023; 124:110973. [PMID: 37769536 DOI: 10.1016/j.intimp.2023.110973] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/17/2023] [Revised: 09/11/2023] [Accepted: 09/18/2023] [Indexed: 10/03/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVES This study evaluates the efficacy of programmed death-1 (PD-1) inhibitors as adjuvant therapy for acral melanoma (AM) and the predictive value of genetic mutations and tertiary lymphoid structures (TLSs). METHODS AND RESULTS A single-center retrospective longitudinal cohort study was conducted between October 1, 2018, and September 31, 2022. Patients with stages II-III completely resected AM were treated with at least two doses of adjuvant PD-1 inhibitors. A total of 44 participants were included in the final analysis, of which 41 patients with stage III. The median follow-up time, median relapse-free survival (RFS), and median distance metastasis-free survival (DMFS) for all patients were 18.4 months, 21.6 months, and 30.6 months, respectively. 21 (47.7%) and 20 (45.5%) patients were intravenously administered pembrolizumab and toripalimab, respectively. There were no significant differences in RFS (24.4 months vs. 18.9 months, p = 0.432) or DMFS (30.6 months vs. not reached, p = 0.865) between the pembrolizumab and toripalimab groups, respectively. The median DMFS (41.1 months vs. 9.0 months, p < 0.001) in the wild-type NRAS group was significantly longer than that in the NRAS mutation group. Overall, different levels of TLSs infiltration did not significantly affect patient survival. Only three people discontinued treatment due to adverse events. No treatment-related death occurred during the study period. CONCLUSION Our study suggests that adjuvant toripalimab and pembrolizumab therapy have comparable efficacies in patients with AM and are both well tolerated. Adjuvant monotherapy with PD-1 inhibitors may not be appropriate for AM with NRAS mutations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zeming Mo
- Division of Medical Oncology, Cancer Center, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China
| | - Jie Liu
- Division of Medical Oncology, Cancer Center, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China
| | - Jinyan Zhang
- Department of Pathology, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China
| | - Yaotiao Deng
- Division of Medical Oncology, Cancer Center, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China
| | - Miao Xu
- Department of Pathology, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China.
| | - Yu Jiang
- Division of Medical Oncology, Cancer Center, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China.
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Acral Melanoma Is Infiltrated with cDC1s and Functional Exhausted CD8 T Cells Similar to the Cutaneous Melanoma of Sun-Exposed Skin. Int J Mol Sci 2023; 24:ijms24054786. [PMID: 36902214 PMCID: PMC10003718 DOI: 10.3390/ijms24054786] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/16/2022] [Revised: 01/29/2023] [Accepted: 02/02/2023] [Indexed: 03/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Acral melanoma (AM) is the most common melanoma in non-Caucasian populations, yet it remains largely understudied. As AM lacks the UV-radiation mutational signatures that characterize other cutaneous melanomas, it is considered devoid of immunogenicity and is rarely included in clinical trials assessing novel immunotherapeutic regimes aiming to recover the antitumor function of immune cells. We studied a Mexican cohort of melanoma patients from the Mexican Institute of Social Security (IMSS) (n = 38) and found an overrepresentation of AM (73.9%). We developed a multiparametric immunofluorescence technique coupled with a machine learning image analysis to evaluate the presence of conventional type 1 dendritic cells (cDC1) and CD8 T cells in the stroma of melanoma, two of the most relevant immune cell types for antitumor responses. We observed that both cell types infiltrate AM at similar and even higher levels than other cutaneous melanomas. Both melanoma types harbored programmed cell death protein 1 (PD-1+) CD8 T cells and PD-1 ligand (PD-L1+) cDC1s. Despite this, CD8 T cells appeared to preserve their effector function and expanding capacity as they expressed interferon-γ (IFN-γ) and KI-67. The density of cDC1s and CD8 T cells significantly decreased in advanced stage III and IV melanomas, supporting these cells' capacity to control tumor progression. These data also argue that AM could respond to anti-PD-1-PD-L1 immunotherapy.
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Gui J, Guo Z, Wu D. Clinical features, molecular pathology, and immune microenvironmental characteristics of acral melanoma. J Transl Med 2022; 20:367. [PMID: 35974375 PMCID: PMC9382740 DOI: 10.1186/s12967-022-03532-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/02/2022] [Accepted: 07/13/2022] [Indexed: 11/10/2022] Open
Abstract
Acral melanoma (AM) has unique biology as an aggressive subtype of melanoma. It is a common subtype of melanoma in races with darker skin tones usually diagnosed at a later stage, thereby presenting a worse prognosis compared to cutaneous melanoma. The pathogenesis of acral melanoma differs from cutaneous melanoma, and trauma promotes its development. Compared to cutaneous melanomas, acral melanomas have a significantly lighter mutational burden with more copy number variants. Most acral melanomas are classified as triple wild-type. In contrast to cutaneous melanomas, acral melanomas have a suppressive immune microenvironment. Herein, we reviewed the clinical features, genetic variants, and immune microenvironmental characteristics of limbic melanomas to summarise their unique features.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jianping Gui
- Cancer Center, The First Hospital of Jilin University, 1 Xinmin St, Changchun, 130021, China
| | - Zhen Guo
- Cancer Center, The First Hospital of Jilin University, 1 Xinmin St, Changchun, 130021, China
| | - Di Wu
- Cancer Center, The First Hospital of Jilin University, 1 Xinmin St, Changchun, 130021, China.
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Wei X, Wu D, Chen Y, Li H, Zhang R, Yao H, Chi Z, Cui C, Bai X, Mao L, Qi Z, Li K, Lan S, Chen L, Guo R, Yao X, Lian B, Kong Y, Dai J, Tang B, Wang X, Guo J, Si L. Prognostic value of ulceration varies across Breslow thicknesses and clinical stages in acral melanoma: a retrospective study. Br J Dermatol 2022; 186:977-987. [PMID: 35042273 PMCID: PMC9314718 DOI: 10.1111/bjd.21026] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/17/2021] [Revised: 11/21/2021] [Accepted: 01/11/2022] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Ulceration is regarded as an adverse prognostic factor and is used together with tumour thickness to subcategorize patients with cutaneous melanoma. However, the prognostic impact of ulceration in acral melanoma (AM) is controversial. OBJECTIVES To assess the prognostic impact of ulceration in AM and the variability across different Breslow thicknesses and clinical stages. METHODS A multicentre retrospective study of patients diagnosed with AM between January 2000 and December 2017. Differences in melanoma-specific survival (MSS) between patients with and without ulceration were assessed using the multivariable Cox proportional hazards model and log-rank test. RESULTS Among 1053 enrolled patients, 62.6% had ulceration. After a median follow-up of 61 months, patients with ulceration had a lower median MSS than those without: 66.1 months, 95% confidence interval (CI) 60.0-86.0 vs. not reached; hazard ratio 1.41, 95% CI 1.09-1.82; P = 0.012. Among patients with thin (≤ 1 mm) melanoma, the survival curves of patients with vs. without ulceration clearly separated over time (P < 0.001). No association between ulceration and MSS was observed for melanomas of thickness > 1 mm (subgroups of T2, T3 and T4; all P-values > 0.05) or patients with stage III disease (hazard ratio 1.09, 95% CI 0.71-1.68, P = 0.39). CONCLUSIONS Ulceration is an independent negative prognostic factor for patients with AM, but the impact varies across Breslow thicknesses and clinical stages. Ulceration has a significant effect on prognosis for patients with thin (≤ 1 mm) melanoma, but there was no association between ulceration and survival in intermediate/thick AM or stage III AM. What is already known about this topic? Ulceration status is used together with Breslow tumour thickness to subcategorize patients into different stages according to the America Joint Committee on Cancer melanoma staging system. As one distinctive subtype of cutaneous melanoma, acral melanoma (AM) is characterized by poor survival outcomes due to delayed diagnosis and a high prevalence of negative prognostic and genetic features. The prognostic impact of ulceration in AM is still controversial. What does this study add? This was the first large-scale study to assess the prognostic and staging values of ulceration in patients with AM. Ulceration has a significant effect on prognosis for patients with thin (≤1 mm) melanoma, but no association between ulceration and survival was found in intermediate/thick or stage III AM. These findings should be considered when using ulceration-based staging systems.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiaoting Wei
- Key Laboratory of Carcinogenesis and Translational Research (Ministry of Education/Beijing), Department of Melanoma and SarcomaPeking University Cancer Hospital & InstituteBeijingChina
| | - Di Wu
- Cancer CenterThe First Hospital of Jilin UniversityJilinChina
| | - Yu Chen
- Department of Medical OncologyFujian Cancer Hospital & Fujian Medical University Cancer HospitalFujianChina
| | - Hang Li
- Department of DermatologyPeking University First Hospital, National Clinical Research Center for Skin and Immune diseasesBeijingChina
| | - Rui Zhang
- Department of Colorectal SurgeryCancer Hospital of China Medical University, Liaoning Cancer Hospital & InstituteLiaoningChina
| | - Hong Yao
- Department of Cancer Biotherapy CenterYunnan Cancer Hospital, The Third Affiliated Hospital of Kunming Medical UniversityYunnanChina
| | - Zhihong Chi
- Key Laboratory of Carcinogenesis and Translational Research (Ministry of Education/Beijing), Department of Melanoma and SarcomaPeking University Cancer Hospital & InstituteBeijingChina
| | - Chuanliang Cui
- Key Laboratory of Carcinogenesis and Translational Research (Ministry of Education/Beijing), Department of Melanoma and SarcomaPeking University Cancer Hospital & InstituteBeijingChina
| | - Xue Bai
- Key Laboratory of Carcinogenesis and Translational Research (Ministry of Education/Beijing), Department of Melanoma and SarcomaPeking University Cancer Hospital & InstituteBeijingChina
| | - Lili Mao
- Key Laboratory of Carcinogenesis and Translational Research (Ministry of Education/Beijing), Department of Melanoma and SarcomaPeking University Cancer Hospital & InstituteBeijingChina
| | - Zhonghui Qi
- Key Laboratory of Carcinogenesis and Translational Research (Ministry of Education/Beijing), Department of Melanoma and SarcomaPeking University Cancer Hospital & InstituteBeijingChina
| | - Ke Li
- Department of Cancer Biotherapy CenterYunnan Cancer Hospital, The Third Affiliated Hospital of Kunming Medical UniversityYunnanChina
| | - Shijie Lan
- Cancer CenterThe First Hospital of Jilin UniversityJilinChina
| | - Lizhu Chen
- Department of Medical OncologyFujian Cancer Hospital & Fujian Medical University Cancer HospitalFujianChina
| | - Rui Guo
- Department of Colorectal SurgeryCancer Hospital of China Medical University, Liaoning Cancer Hospital & InstituteLiaoningChina
| | - Xinyu Yao
- Department of DermatologyPeking University First Hospital, National Clinical Research Center for Skin and Immune diseasesBeijingChina
| | - Bin Lian
- Key Laboratory of Carcinogenesis and Translational Research (Ministry of Education/Beijing), Department of Melanoma and SarcomaPeking University Cancer Hospital & InstituteBeijingChina
| | - Yan Kong
- Key Laboratory of Carcinogenesis and Translational Research (Ministry of Education/Beijing), Department of Melanoma and SarcomaPeking University Cancer Hospital & InstituteBeijingChina
| | - Jie Dai
- Key Laboratory of Carcinogenesis and Translational Research (Ministry of Education/Beijing), Department of Melanoma and SarcomaPeking University Cancer Hospital & InstituteBeijingChina
| | - Bixia Tang
- Key Laboratory of Carcinogenesis and Translational Research (Ministry of Education/Beijing), Department of Melanoma and SarcomaPeking University Cancer Hospital & InstituteBeijingChina
| | - Xuan Wang
- Key Laboratory of Carcinogenesis and Translational Research (Ministry of Education/Beijing), Department of Melanoma and SarcomaPeking University Cancer Hospital & InstituteBeijingChina
| | - Jun Guo
- Key Laboratory of Carcinogenesis and Translational Research (Ministry of Education/Beijing), Department of Melanoma and SarcomaPeking University Cancer Hospital & InstituteBeijingChina
| | - Lu Si
- Key Laboratory of Carcinogenesis and Translational Research (Ministry of Education/Beijing), Department of Melanoma and SarcomaPeking University Cancer Hospital & InstituteBeijingChina
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Zakhem GA, Pulavarty AN, Lester JC, Stevenson ML. Skin Cancer in People of Color: A Systematic Review. Am J Clin Dermatol 2022; 23:137-151. [PMID: 34902111 DOI: 10.1007/s40257-021-00662-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 11/23/2021] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND People of African, Asian, Hispanic or Latino, Pacific Islander, and Native Indian descent are considered people of color by the Skin of Color Society (SOCS). OBJECTIVES In this study, we assess incidence, risk factors, clinical characteristics, histopathology, treatment, and survival for skin malignancies in people of color as defined by the SOCS, by systematically reviewing the literature. METHODS An electronic literature search of the PubMed, EMBASE, and MEDLINE databases was performed. Articles published from 1 January 1990 through 12 December 2020 were included in the search. RESULTS We identified 2666 publications potentially meeting the study criteria. Titles and abstracts of these studies were reviewed and 2353 were excluded. The full text of 313 articles were evaluated and 251 were included in this review. CONCLUSION Differences in incidence, patterns, treatment, and survival exist among people of color for cutaneous malignancies. Further research and initiatives are needed to account for and mitigate these differences.
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Affiliation(s)
- George A Zakhem
- The Ronald O. Perelman Department of Dermatology, New York University School of Medicine, 222 East 41st Street, 24th Floor, New York, NY, 10017, USA
| | - Akshay N Pulavarty
- The Ronald O. Perelman Department of Dermatology, New York University School of Medicine, 222 East 41st Street, 24th Floor, New York, NY, 10017, USA
| | - Jenna C Lester
- University of California San Francisco, San Francisco, CA, USA
| | - Mary L Stevenson
- The Ronald O. Perelman Department of Dermatology, New York University School of Medicine, 222 East 41st Street, 24th Floor, New York, NY, 10017, USA.
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Chirpaz E, Warocquier J, Filisetti C, Beylot-Barry M, Bertolotti A, Sultan N. Epidemiology of cutaneous malignant melanoma in Reunion Island. Ann Dermatol Venereol 2022; 149:39-44. [DOI: 10.1016/j.annder.2021.05.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/07/2021] [Revised: 03/13/2021] [Accepted: 05/06/2021] [Indexed: 10/19/2022]
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10
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Susok L, Gambichler T. Caucasians with acral lentiginous melanoma have the same outcome as patients with stage- and limb-matched superficial spreading melanoma. J Cancer Res Clin Oncol 2021; 148:497-502. [PMID: 33856527 PMCID: PMC8800911 DOI: 10.1007/s00432-021-03630-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/23/2021] [Accepted: 04/03/2021] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
PURPOSE Acral lentiginous melanoma (ALM), a relatively rare subtype of cutaneous melanoma, has been reported to have a worse prognosis than other melanomas. We aimed to assess clinical findings in Caucasian ALM patients and compare the data with a matched cohort of superficial spreading melanoma (SSM) patients. METHODS We studied 63 patients with ALM and 63 randomly stage- and limb-matched patients with SSM (non-ALM). In both cohorts, guideline-adjusted diagnosis, treatment and follow-up were performed. RESULTS We did not observe differences in prognostic factors (e.g., tumor thickness, ulceration) between the two cohorts. Both in ALM and non-ALM patients positive sentinel lymph node was a significant independent predictor for disease relapse and melanoma-specific death. However, disease relapse and melanoma-specific death rates did not significantly differ between ALM and non-ALM patients. An overall 5-year melanoma-specific survival of 82.5% and 81% was observed in ALM and non-ALM patients, respectively. CONCLUSIONS Our data confirm that patients with ALM have no worse outcome than non-ALM patients when correcting for significant prognostic factors. Hence, the reportedly high rates of fatal ALM cases should not be ascribed to pathobiological differences between ALM and non-ALM but are most likely are a consequence of a delay in diagnosis and thus advanced stage of ALM.
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Affiliation(s)
- Laura Susok
- Department of Dermatology, Skin Cancer Center, Ruhr-University Bochum, Gudrunstrasse 56, 44791, Bochum, Germany
| | - Thilo Gambichler
- Department of Dermatology, Skin Cancer Center, Ruhr-University Bochum, Gudrunstrasse 56, 44791, Bochum, Germany.
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Mejbel HA, Torres-Cabala CA, Milton DR, Ivan D, Nagarajan P, Curry JL, Ciurea AM, Rubin AI, Hwu WJ, Prieto VG, Aung PP. Prognostic Significance of Subungual Anatomic Site in Acral Lentiginous Melanoma. Arch Pathol Lab Med 2020; 145:943-952. [PMID: 33290520 DOI: 10.5858/arpa.2020-0308-oa] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 09/24/2020] [Indexed: 11/06/2022]
Abstract
CONTEXT.— Acral lentiginous melanoma is a rare and aggressive type of cutaneous melanoma that arises on the acral skin and the nail unit. The prognostic significance of subungual anatomic site in acral lentiginous melanoma is not established. OBJECTIVE.— To assess the impact of subungual anatomic site on overall survival and disease-specific survival in acral lentiginous melanoma. DESIGN.— Retrospective cohort analysis. Clinicopathologic characteristics of 627 primary acral lentiginous melanomas (45 [7%] subungual and 582 [93%] nonsubungual) were summarized, and the impact of these characteristics on overall survival and disease-specific survival was determined using univariate and multivariable analyses. RESULTS.— No significant differences in clinicopathologic features were identified between the subungual and nonsubungual acral lentiginous melanomas. The 1-, 5-, and 10-year overall survival rates were 81%, 40%, and 28%, respectively, for subungual acral lentiginous melanoma and 94%, 59%, and 38%, respectively, for nonsubungual acral lentiginous melanoma (P = .04); risk of death was significantly higher for subungual tumors (hazard ratio [95% confidence interval] = 1.59 [1.02-2.50]; P = .04). The 1-, 5-, and 10-year disease-specific survival rates were 94%, 56%, and 48%, respectively, for subungual acral lentiginous melanoma versus 96%, 69%, and 55%, respectively, for nonsubungual acral lentiginous melanoma (P = .18). By multivariable analysis, independent poor prognostic factors included older age and ulceration for overall survival and greater Breslow thickness and sentinel lymph node positivity for overall survival and disease-specific survival. Subungual anatomic site was not an independent prognostic factor for overall or disease-specific survival. CONCLUSIONS.— Subungual anatomic site is not an independent prognostic factor for acral lentiginous melanoma.
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Affiliation(s)
- Haider A Mejbel
- From the Department of Pathology (Mejbel, Torres-Cabala, Ivan, Nagarajan, Curry, Prieto, Aung), The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston
| | - Carlos A Torres-Cabala
- From the Department of Pathology (Mejbel, Torres-Cabala, Ivan, Nagarajan, Curry, Prieto, Aung), The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston.,Department of Dermatology (Torres-Cabala, Ivan, Curry, Ciurea, Prieto), The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston
| | - Denái R Milton
- Department of Biostatistics (Milton), The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston
| | - Doina Ivan
- From the Department of Pathology (Mejbel, Torres-Cabala, Ivan, Nagarajan, Curry, Prieto, Aung), The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston.,Department of Dermatology (Torres-Cabala, Ivan, Curry, Ciurea, Prieto), The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston
| | - Priyadharsini Nagarajan
- From the Department of Pathology (Mejbel, Torres-Cabala, Ivan, Nagarajan, Curry, Prieto, Aung), The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston
| | - Jonathan L Curry
- From the Department of Pathology (Mejbel, Torres-Cabala, Ivan, Nagarajan, Curry, Prieto, Aung), The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston.,Department of Dermatology (Torres-Cabala, Ivan, Curry, Ciurea, Prieto), The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston
| | - Ana M Ciurea
- Department of Dermatology (Torres-Cabala, Ivan, Curry, Ciurea, Prieto), The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston
| | - Adam I Rubin
- The Department of Dermatology, Perelman School of Medicine at the University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia (Rubin)
| | - Wen-Jen Hwu
- Melanoma Medical Oncology (Hwu), The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston
| | - Victor G Prieto
- From the Department of Pathology (Mejbel, Torres-Cabala, Ivan, Nagarajan, Curry, Prieto, Aung), The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston.,Department of Dermatology (Torres-Cabala, Ivan, Curry, Ciurea, Prieto), The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston
| | - Phyu P Aung
- From the Department of Pathology (Mejbel, Torres-Cabala, Ivan, Nagarajan, Curry, Prieto, Aung), The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston
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12
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Howard M, Xie C, Wee E, Wolfe R, McLean C, Kelly JW, Pan Y. Acral lentiginous melanoma: Clinicopathologic and survival differences according to tumour location. Australas J Dermatol 2020; 61:312-317. [PMID: 32363586 DOI: 10.1111/ajd.13310] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/05/2020] [Revised: 03/23/2020] [Accepted: 03/28/2020] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND/OBJECTIVES Acral lentiginous melanoma (ALM) is a melanoma subtype associated with atypical locations on the hands and feet and advanced disease at diagnosis. There is a limited understanding of whether the survival is similar for nail, non-nail, lower limb and upper limb ALM patients. We therefore explored clinicopathologic characteristics and melanoma-specific survival of ALM patients according to tumour location. METHODS A prospectively collected cohort study was performed of all primary invasive cutaneous acral lentiginous melanomas with known thickness and tumour location reviewed at a tertiary referral centre over 21 years. RESULTS A total of 101 ALM patients were reviewed from 1994 until 2016. The majority of cases (82/101) occurred on the feet. Hand ALMs were thicker and more likely to be ulcerated than feet ALMs (P = 0.05 and 0.02, respectively); however, survival was not statistically different between these two groups (univariate HR 0.48 P = 0.11, 95% CI, 0.20-1.17; multivariate HR 0.67 P = 0.40, 95% CI, 0.27-1.69, respectively). Non-nail ALM patients had longer survival when compared to nail ALM on univariate analysis (HR 0.40, 95% CI, 0.17 to 0.90) which was accounted for by Breslow thickness and ulceration (multivariate HR 0.56, 95% CI, 0.24 to 1.34). CONCLUSIONS The reduced melanoma-specific survival in nail ALM patients was likely due to their greater thickness and ulceration. Although hand ALMs are thicker and more frequently ulcerated, this is likely due to the higher proportion of nail ALMs present in this location.
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Affiliation(s)
- Matthew Howard
- Victorian Melanoma Service, Alfred Hospital, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia
- School of Public Health and Preventive Medicine, Monash University, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia
| | - Charles Xie
- Department of Dermatology, Peter MacCallum Cancer Centre, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia
| | - Edmund Wee
- Department of Dermatology, St Vincent's Hospital Melbourne, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia
| | - Rory Wolfe
- School of Public Health and Preventive Medicine, Monash University, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia
| | - Catriona McLean
- Victorian Melanoma Service, Alfred Hospital, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia
- Department of Anatomical Pathology, Alfred Hospital, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia
| | - John W Kelly
- Victorian Melanoma Service, Alfred Hospital, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia
| | - Yan Pan
- Victorian Melanoma Service, Alfred Hospital, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia
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13
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Wei X, Wu D, Li H, Zhang R, Chen Y, Yao H, Chi Z, Sheng X, Cui C, Bai X, Qi Z, Li K, Lan S, Chen L, Guo R, Yao X, Mao L, Lian B, Kong Y, Dai J, Tang B, Yan X, Wang X, Li S, Zhou L, Balch CM, Si L, Guo J. The Clinicopathological and Survival Profiles Comparison Across Primary Sites in Acral Melanoma. Ann Surg Oncol 2020; 27:3478-3485. [PMID: 32253677 PMCID: PMC7410855 DOI: 10.1245/s10434-020-08418-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/17/2019] [Indexed: 01/10/2023]
Abstract
Background The clinicopathological and survival profiles across primary sites in acral melanoma (AM) are still controversial and unclear. Methods This is a multi-center retrospective study. Clinicopathological data of AM patients diagnosed between 1 January 2000 and 31 December 2017 from 6 large tertiary hospitals in China were extracted. Chi square tests were used to compare basic characteristics between primary sites of sole, palm and nail bed. Melanoma-specific survival (MSS) differences based on primary sites were compared by log-rank tests and multivariate Cox regressions were used to identify prognostic factors for MSS. Results In total, 1157 AM patients were included. The sole group had a more advanced initial stage, deeper Breslow thickness, higher recurrence rate and distant metastases risk (all P < 0.05). The proportion of age < 65 years and ulceration were statistically lower in nail bed and palm groups, respectively. A total of 294 patients underwent sentinel lymph node biopsy and rates of positive SLN status had no statistical difference across primary sites. Among 701 patients with genetic profiles, the mutational frequency of BRAF, C-KIT, and PDGFRA were similar except for NRAS (higher in sole group, P = 0.0102). The median MSS of sole, nail bed and palm patients were 65.0 months, 112.0 months, and not reached, respectively (log-rank P = 0.0053). In multivariate analyses, primary site, initial stage, ulceration and recurrence were the prognostic factors for MSS in overall population, but the statistical significance varied over primary sites. Conclusions Substantial clinicopathological and survival heterogeneities exist across different primary sites in the AM population. Sole melanoma has worse prognosis compared with palm and nail bed subtypes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiaoting Wei
- Key Laboratory of Carcinogenesis and Translational Research (Ministry of Education/Beijing), Department of Renal Cancer and Melanoma, Peking University Cancer Hospital and Institute, Haidian District, Beijing, China
| | - Di Wu
- Cancer Center, The First Hospital of Jilin University, Changchun, China
| | - Hang Li
- Department of Dermatology, National Clinical Research Center for Skin and Immune Diseases, Peking University First Hospital, Beijing, China
| | - Rui Zhang
- Department of Colorectal Surgery, Liaoning Cancer Hospital and Institute, Cancer Hospital of China Medical University, Shenyang, China
| | - Yu Chen
- Department of Medical Oncology, Fujian Cancer Hospital and Fujian Medical University Cancer Hospital, Fuzhou, China
| | - Hong Yao
- Department of Cancer Biotherapy Center, Yunnan Cancer Hospital, The Third Affiliated Hospital of Kunming Medical University, Kunming, China
| | - Zhihong Chi
- Key Laboratory of Carcinogenesis and Translational Research (Ministry of Education/Beijing), Department of Renal Cancer and Melanoma, Peking University Cancer Hospital and Institute, Haidian District, Beijing, China
| | - Xinan Sheng
- Key Laboratory of Carcinogenesis and Translational Research (Ministry of Education/Beijing), Department of Renal Cancer and Melanoma, Peking University Cancer Hospital and Institute, Haidian District, Beijing, China
| | - Chuanliang Cui
- Key Laboratory of Carcinogenesis and Translational Research (Ministry of Education/Beijing), Department of Renal Cancer and Melanoma, Peking University Cancer Hospital and Institute, Haidian District, Beijing, China
| | - Xue Bai
- Key Laboratory of Carcinogenesis and Translational Research (Ministry of Education/Beijing), Department of Renal Cancer and Melanoma, Peking University Cancer Hospital and Institute, Haidian District, Beijing, China
| | - Zhonghui Qi
- Key Laboratory of Carcinogenesis and Translational Research (Ministry of Education/Beijing), Department of Renal Cancer and Melanoma, Peking University Cancer Hospital and Institute, Haidian District, Beijing, China
| | - Ke Li
- Department of Cancer Biotherapy Center, Yunnan Cancer Hospital, The Third Affiliated Hospital of Kunming Medical University, Kunming, China
| | - Shijie Lan
- Cancer Center, The First Hospital of Jilin University, Changchun, China
| | - Lizhu Chen
- Department of Medical Oncology, Fujian Cancer Hospital and Fujian Medical University Cancer Hospital, Fuzhou, China
| | - Rui Guo
- Department of Colorectal Surgery, Liaoning Cancer Hospital and Institute, Cancer Hospital of China Medical University, Shenyang, China
| | - Xinyu Yao
- Department of Dermatology, National Clinical Research Center for Skin and Immune Diseases, Peking University First Hospital, Beijing, China
| | - Lili Mao
- Key Laboratory of Carcinogenesis and Translational Research (Ministry of Education/Beijing), Department of Renal Cancer and Melanoma, Peking University Cancer Hospital and Institute, Haidian District, Beijing, China
| | - Bin Lian
- Key Laboratory of Carcinogenesis and Translational Research (Ministry of Education/Beijing), Department of Renal Cancer and Melanoma, Peking University Cancer Hospital and Institute, Haidian District, Beijing, China
| | - Yan Kong
- Key Laboratory of Carcinogenesis and Translational Research (Ministry of Education/Beijing), Department of Renal Cancer and Melanoma, Peking University Cancer Hospital and Institute, Haidian District, Beijing, China
| | - Jie Dai
- Key Laboratory of Carcinogenesis and Translational Research (Ministry of Education/Beijing), Department of Renal Cancer and Melanoma, Peking University Cancer Hospital and Institute, Haidian District, Beijing, China
| | - Bixia Tang
- Key Laboratory of Carcinogenesis and Translational Research (Ministry of Education/Beijing), Department of Renal Cancer and Melanoma, Peking University Cancer Hospital and Institute, Haidian District, Beijing, China
| | - Xieqiao Yan
- Key Laboratory of Carcinogenesis and Translational Research (Ministry of Education/Beijing), Department of Renal Cancer and Melanoma, Peking University Cancer Hospital and Institute, Haidian District, Beijing, China
| | - Xuan Wang
- Key Laboratory of Carcinogenesis and Translational Research (Ministry of Education/Beijing), Department of Renal Cancer and Melanoma, Peking University Cancer Hospital and Institute, Haidian District, Beijing, China
| | - Siming Li
- Key Laboratory of Carcinogenesis and Translational Research (Ministry of Education/Beijing), Department of Renal Cancer and Melanoma, Peking University Cancer Hospital and Institute, Haidian District, Beijing, China
| | - Li Zhou
- Key Laboratory of Carcinogenesis and Translational Research (Ministry of Education/Beijing), Department of Renal Cancer and Melanoma, Peking University Cancer Hospital and Institute, Haidian District, Beijing, China
| | - Charles M Balch
- University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX, USA
| | - Lu Si
- Key Laboratory of Carcinogenesis and Translational Research (Ministry of Education/Beijing), Department of Renal Cancer and Melanoma, Peking University Cancer Hospital and Institute, Haidian District, Beijing, China.
| | - Jun Guo
- Key Laboratory of Carcinogenesis and Translational Research (Ministry of Education/Beijing), Department of Renal Cancer and Melanoma, Peking University Cancer Hospital and Institute, Haidian District, Beijing, China.
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14
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Shi HZ, Xiong JS, Xu CC, Bu WB, Wang Y, Sun JF, Chen H. Long non-coding RNA expression identified by microarray analysis: Candidate biomarkers in human acral lentiginous melanoma. Oncol Lett 2019; 19:1465-1477. [PMID: 31966073 PMCID: PMC6956422 DOI: 10.3892/ol.2019.11207] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/20/2019] [Accepted: 11/14/2019] [Indexed: 11/05/2022] Open
Abstract
Melanoma is a rare but fatal form of skin cancer and acral lentiginous melanoma (ALM) is one of its most common types. Long non-coding RNA (lncRNA) has emerged as a crucial molecule in the development and progression of human cancers, and several studies have revealed that lncRNAs may be associated with the pathogenesis, progression and metastasis of melanoma. To demonstrate the association between ALM and lncRNAs, microarray analysis was performed in tumor and adjacent non-tumor tissues. A total of 4,488 lncRNAs and 3,913 mRNAs were identified to be differentially expressed in these samples. Among them, 2,211 and 2,277 lncRNAs were upregulated and downregulated in the ALM samples compared with adjacent tissues, respectively. In addition, 1,191 and 2,722 mRNAs were upregulated and downregulated, respectively. Additionally, five randomly selected lncRNAs (fold-change >2; P<0.05) were validated by reverse transcription-quantitative PCR. An lncRNA and mRNA co-expression network and competing endogenous network analysis were also constructed. In summary, the results of the present study may reveal a novel mechanism associated with the pathogenesis and malignant biological processes of ALM and indicate that lncRNAs may serve as potential targets for the treatment of ALM.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hao-Ze Shi
- Department of Pathology, Institute of Dermatology, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Nanjing, Jiangsu 210042, P.R. China
| | - Jing-Shu Xiong
- Department of Pathology, Institute of Dermatology, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Nanjing, Jiangsu 210042, P.R. China
| | - Cong-Cong Xu
- Department of Pathology, Institute of Dermatology, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Nanjing, Jiangsu 210042, P.R. China
| | - Wen-Bo Bu
- Department of Surgery, Institute of Dermatology, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Nanjing, Jiangsu 210042, P.R. China
| | - Yan Wang
- Department of Surgery, Institute of Dermatology, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Nanjing, Jiangsu 210042, P.R. China
| | - Jian-Fang Sun
- Department of Pathology, Institute of Dermatology, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Nanjing, Jiangsu 210042, P.R. China
| | - Hao Chen
- Department of Pathology, Institute of Dermatology, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Nanjing, Jiangsu 210042, P.R. China
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15
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Abstract
Melanoma is an aggressive malignancy arising from melanocytes in the skin and rarely in extracutaneous sites. The understanding of pathology of melanoma has evolved over the years, with the initial classifications based on the clinical and microscopic features to the current use of immunohistochemistry and genetic sequencing. The depth of invasion and lymph node metastasis are still the most important prognostic features of melanoma. Other important prognostic features include ulceration, lymphovascular invasion, mitosis, and tumor-infiltrating lymphocytes. This article reviews the pathology of melanoma and its precursor lesions, along with the recent advances in pathologic diagnosis of melanoma.
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Affiliation(s)
- Asmita Chopra
- Department of Surgery, Division of Surgical Oncology, University of Pittsburgh, Room A-422, Scaife Hall, 3550 Terrace Street, Pittsburgh, PA 15261, USA.
| | - Rohit Sharma
- Department of Surgery, Marshfield Medical Center, 1000 North Oak Avenue, Marshfield, WI 54449, USA
| | - Uma N M Rao
- Department of Pathology, University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine, Section of Bone/Soft Tissue, Melanoma Pathology, UPMC Presbyterian Shadyside, Room WG2.9, 5230 Centre Avenue, Pittsburgh, PA 15232, USA
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