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Gram SB, Jørgensen ASF, Bygum A, Brusgaard K, Ousager LB. Identification of a founder variant AAGAB c.370C>T, p.Arg124Ter in patients with punctate palmoplantar keratoderma in Southern Denmark. Clin Genet 2024; 105:561-566. [PMID: 38311882 DOI: 10.1111/cge.14486] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/09/2023] [Revised: 12/19/2023] [Accepted: 01/05/2024] [Indexed: 02/06/2024]
Abstract
Palmoplantar keratoderma (PPK) is a heterogeneous group of rare skin diseases characterized by hyperkeratosis on the palms or soles. The subtype isolated punctate PPK is caused by heterozygous variants in AAGAB. We investigated if the variant AAGAB c.370C>T, p.Arg124Ter in patients with punctate PPK in the Region of Southern Denmark represented a founder variant and estimated the age to the most recent common ancestor. We performed haplotype analysis on samples from 20 patients diagnosed with punctate PPK and the AAGAB c.370C>T, p.Arg124Ter variant. Using the Gamma Method, we calculated the years to the most recent common ancestor. We also explored the presence of the variant in other populations through literature and databases (HGMD, ClinVar, and gnomAD). Our analysis revealed a shared haplotype of 3.0 Mb, suggesting shared ancestry. The ancestral haplogroup was estimated to an age of 12.1 generations (CI: 4.9-20.3) equivalent to approximately 339 years (CI: 137-568). This study confirms that the frequently observed variant AAGAB c.370C>T, p.Arg124Ter in punctate PPK among patients in the Region of Southern Denmark is caused by a founder variant. We recommend testing for the variant as initial screening in our region and potentially for all Danish patients presenting with punctate PPK.
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Affiliation(s)
- Stine Bjørn Gram
- Department of Clinical Genetics, Odense University Hospital, Odense, Denmark
- Department of Clinical Research, University of Southern Denmark, Odense, Denmark
- European Reference Network for Rare Skin Diseases (ERN-Skin), Odense, Denmark
| | | | - Anette Bygum
- Department of Clinical Genetics, Odense University Hospital, Odense, Denmark
- Department of Clinical Research, University of Southern Denmark, Odense, Denmark
- Hudklinikken Kolding, Kolding, Denmark
| | - Klaus Brusgaard
- Department of Clinical Genetics, Odense University Hospital, Odense, Denmark
- Department of Clinical Research, University of Southern Denmark, Odense, Denmark
| | - Lilian Bomme Ousager
- Department of Clinical Genetics, Odense University Hospital, Odense, Denmark
- Department of Clinical Research, University of Southern Denmark, Odense, Denmark
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Gram SB, Bjerrelund J, Jelsig AM, Bygum A, Leboeuf-Yde C, Ousager LB. Is punctate palmoplantar keratoderma type 1 associated with malignancy? A systematic review of the literature. Orphanet J Rare Dis 2023; 18:290. [PMID: 37705065 PMCID: PMC10500882 DOI: 10.1186/s13023-023-02862-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/07/2023] [Accepted: 08/20/2023] [Indexed: 09/15/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND An association between punctate palmoplantar keratoderma type 1 (PPPK1) and malignancy has been proposed for decades. Some authors suggest that individuals with PPPK1 should undergo screening for various types of malignancies while others caution that an association is not well-established. In this systematic review, we summarized and evaluated the current evidence for a possible association between PPPK1 and malignancy. METHODS The review was conducted along PRISMA guidelines. The search used Embase, MEDLINE, Scopus, and the Human Gene Mutation Database up to March 2022. All studies reporting on individuals with the diagnosis of PPPK1 with or without history of malignancy were included. Two authors screened for eligible studies, extracted predefined data, and performed a quality assessment. RESULTS Of 773 studies identified, 45 were included. Most studies were reports on single families (24 of 45 studies) or multiple families (10 of 45 studies). The number of index cases with PPPK1 across all included studies was 280, and when family members reported with PPPK1 were added, a total of 817 individuals were identified. Overall, 23 studies reported on individuals with PPPK1 with a history of malignancy, whereas 22 studies reported on individuals with PPPK1 without a history of malignancy. Although the extracted data were not considered to be of sufficient quality to synthesize and answer our research question, the review did not confirm an association between PPPK1 and malignancy. CONCLUSION This review shows that there is a lack of well-designed studies on this topic to conclude whether individuals with PPPK1 have an increased risk of malignancy. Based on the present literature, however, we could not confirm an association between PPPK1 and malignancy and find it highly questionable if patients with PPPK1 should be offered surveillance for malignancies.
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Affiliation(s)
- S B Gram
- Department of Clinical Genetics, Odense University Hospital, J.B. Winsløws Vej 4, Indgang 24, 5000, Odense C, Denmark.
- Department of Clinical Research, University of Southern Denmark, Odense, Denmark.
| | - J Bjerrelund
- Department of Clinical Genetics, Odense University Hospital, J.B. Winsløws Vej 4, Indgang 24, 5000, Odense C, Denmark
- Department of Clinical Research, University of Southern Denmark, Odense, Denmark
| | - A M Jelsig
- Department of Clinical Genetics, Copenhagen University Hospital, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - A Bygum
- Department of Clinical Genetics, Odense University Hospital, J.B. Winsløws Vej 4, Indgang 24, 5000, Odense C, Denmark
- Department of Clinical Research, University of Southern Denmark, Odense, Denmark
- Hudklinikken Kolding, Kolding, Denmark
| | - C Leboeuf-Yde
- Institute for Regional Health Research, University of Southern Denmark, Odense, Denmark
| | - L B Ousager
- Department of Clinical Genetics, Odense University Hospital, J.B. Winsløws Vej 4, Indgang 24, 5000, Odense C, Denmark
- Department of Clinical Research, University of Southern Denmark, Odense, Denmark
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Wan C, Crisman L, Wang B, Tian Y, Wang S, Yang R, Datta I, Nomura T, Li S, Yu H, Yin Q, Shen J. AAGAB is an assembly chaperone regulating AP1 and AP2 clathrin adaptors. J Cell Sci 2021; 134:272394. [PMID: 34494650 DOI: 10.1242/jcs.258587] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/01/2021] [Accepted: 08/31/2021] [Indexed: 11/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Multimeric cargo adaptors such as AP2 play central roles in intracellular membrane trafficking. We recently discovered that the assembly of the AP2 adaptor complex, a key player in clathrin-mediated endocytosis, is a highly organized process controlled by alpha- and gamma-adaptin-binding protein (AAGAB, also known as p34). In this study, we demonstrate that besides AP2, AAGAB also regulates the assembly of AP1, a cargo adaptor involved in clathrin-mediated transport between the trans-Golgi network and the endosome. However, AAGAB is not involved in the formation of other adaptor complexes, including AP3. AAGAB promotes AP1 assembly by binding and stabilizing the γ and σ subunits of AP1, and its mutation abolishes AP1 assembly and disrupts AP1-mediated cargo trafficking. Comparative proteomic analyses indicate that AAGAB mutation massively alters surface protein homeostasis, and its loss-of-function phenotypes reflect the synergistic effects of AP1 and AP2 deficiency. Taken together, these findings establish AAGAB as an assembly chaperone for both AP1 and AP2 adaptors and pave the way for understanding the pathogenesis of AAGAB-linked diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chun Wan
- Department of Molecular, Cellular and Developmental Biology, University of Colorado, Boulder, CO 80309, USA
| | - Lauren Crisman
- Department of Molecular, Cellular and Developmental Biology, University of Colorado, Boulder, CO 80309, USA
| | - Bing Wang
- Department of Biological Sciences and Institute of Molecular Biophysics, Florida State University, Tallahassee, FL 32306, USA
| | - Yuan Tian
- Department of Biological Sciences and Institute of Molecular Biophysics, Florida State University, Tallahassee, FL 32306, USA
| | - Shifeng Wang
- Department of Molecular, Cellular and Developmental Biology, University of Colorado, Boulder, CO 80309, USA
| | - Rui Yang
- Department of Biological Sciences and Institute of Molecular Biophysics, Florida State University, Tallahassee, FL 32306, USA
| | - Ishara Datta
- Department of Molecular, Cellular and Developmental Biology, University of Colorado, Boulder, CO 80309, USA
| | - Toshifumi Nomura
- Department of Dermatology, University of Tsukuba, Tsukuba, 305-8575, Japan
| | - Suzhao Li
- Department of Medicine, University of Colorado Anschutz Medical Campus, Aurora, CO 80045, USA
| | - Haijia Yu
- Department of Molecular, Cellular and Developmental Biology, University of Colorado, Boulder, CO 80309, USA
| | - Qian Yin
- Department of Biological Sciences and Institute of Molecular Biophysics, Florida State University, Tallahassee, FL 32306, USA
| | - Jingshi Shen
- Department of Molecular, Cellular and Developmental Biology, University of Colorado, Boulder, CO 80309, USA
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Hasegawa A, Hayashi R, Shimomura Y, Hirashima M, Abe R. Only plantar lesion of punctate palmoplantar keratoderma with a novel missense mutation in the AAGAB gene: Two Japanese familial case reports and review of reported mutations. J Dermatol 2021; 48:1926-1930. [PMID: 34535911 DOI: 10.1111/1346-8138.16162] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/26/2021] [Revised: 09/04/2021] [Accepted: 09/06/2021] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
Punctate palmoplantar keratoderma type 1 (PPPK1) is a rare autosomal dominant disorder characterized by hyperkeratotic papules on the palms and soles. In 2012, heterozygous loss-of-function mutations in the AAGAB gene were identified as the cause of this disorder. To date, 51 AAGAB mutations have been reported in families with PPPK1, but clear genotype-phenotype correlations have not been established yet. In this report, we identified four Japanese patients with PPPK1 from two families with an identical novel heterozygous AAGAB mutation. All patients showed hyperkeratotic papules only on the soles. Direct sequencing analysis of the AAGAB gene using peripheral blood-derived genomic DNA samples revealed that all of the patients carried a heterozygous 1-bp substitution (c.844G>A, p.Glu282Lys) in exon 9, leading to a missense change. Since all patients with the same missense mutation showed a mild phenotype limited to the soles, there is thought to be a genotype-phenotype correlation regarding this mutation. The c.844G>A mutation is a known single-nucleotide polymorphism with a minor allele frequency of 0.000012. Because of its mild symptoms, individuals with this mutation can be misdiagnosed with clavus or verruca vulgaris; this suggests that there may be a high incidence of mild symptoms of skin lesions found only on the soles in patients with PPPK1. Therefore, it is necessary to consider this disease when keratotic papules are found on the soles.
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Affiliation(s)
- Akito Hasegawa
- Division of Dermatology, Niigata University Graduate School of Medical and Dental Sciences, Niigata, Japan
| | - Ryota Hayashi
- Division of Dermatology, Niigata University Graduate School of Medical and Dental Sciences, Niigata, Japan
| | - Yutaka Shimomura
- Department of Dermatology, Yamaguchi University Graduate School of Medicine, Ube, Japan
| | - Masanori Hirashima
- Division of Pharmacology, Niigata University Graduate School of Medical and Dental Sciences, Niigata, Japan
| | - Riichiro Abe
- Division of Dermatology, Niigata University Graduate School of Medical and Dental Sciences, Niigata, Japan
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Harjama L, Karvonen V, Kettunen K, Elomaa O, Einarsdottir E, Heikkilä H, Kivirikko S, Ellonen P, Saarela J, Ranki A, Kere J, Hannula-Jouppi K. Hereditary palmoplantar keratoderma - phenotypes and mutations in 64 patients. J Eur Acad Dermatol Venereol 2021; 35:1874-1880. [PMID: 33914963 DOI: 10.1111/jdv.17314] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/08/2021] [Accepted: 04/09/2021] [Indexed: 01/25/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Hereditary palmoplantar keratodermas (PPK) represent a heterogeneous group of rare skin disorders with epidermal hyperkeratosis of the palms and soles, with occasional additional manifestations in other tissues. Mutations in at least 69 genes have been implicated in PPK, but further novel candidate genes and mutations are still to be found. OBJECTIVES To identify mutations underlying PPK in a cohort of 64 patients. METHODS DNA of 48 patients was analysed on a custom-designed in-house panel for 35 PPK genes, and 16 patients were investigated by a diagnostic genetic laboratory either by whole-exome sequencing, gene panels or targeted single-gene sequencing. RESULTS Of the 64 PPK patients, 32 had diffuse (50%), 19 focal (30%) and 13 punctate (20%) PPK. None had striate PPK. Pathogenic mutations in altogether five genes were identified in 31 of 64 (48%) patients, the majority (22/31) with diffuse PPK. Of them, 11 had a mutation in AQP5, five in SERPINB7, four in KRT9 and two in SLURP1. AAGAB mutations were found in nine punctate PPK patients. New mutations were identified in KRT9 and AAGAB. No pathogenic mutations were detected in focal PPK. Variants of uncertain significance (VUS) in PPK-associated and other genes were observed in 21 patients that might explain their PPK. No suggestive pathogenic variants were found for 12 patients. CONCLUSIONS Diffuse PPK was the most common (50%) and striate PPK was not observed. We identified pathogenic mutations in 48% of our PPK patients, mainly in five genes: AQP5, AAGAB, KRT9, SERPINB7 and SLURP1.
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Affiliation(s)
- L Harjama
- Department of Dermatology and Allergology, ERN-Skin center, University of Helsinki and Helsinki University Central Hospital, Helsinki, Finland
| | - V Karvonen
- Department of Dermatology and Allergology, ERN-Skin center, University of Helsinki and Helsinki University Central Hospital, Helsinki, Finland
| | - K Kettunen
- HUS Diagnostic Center, Laboratory of Genetics, University of Helsinki and Helsinki University Hospital, Helsinki, Finland.,Institute for Molecular Medicine Finland (FIMM), Helsinki Institute of Life Science (HiLIFE), University of Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland
| | - O Elomaa
- Folkhälsan Research Center and Research Programs Unit, Stem Cells and Metabolism Research Program, University of Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland
| | - E Einarsdottir
- Folkhälsan Research Center and Research Programs Unit, Stem Cells and Metabolism Research Program, University of Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland.,Department of Biosciences and Nutrition, Karolinska Institutet, Huddinge, Sweden.,Science for Life Laboratory, Department of Gene Technology, KTH-Royal Institute of Technology, Solna, Sweden
| | - H Heikkilä
- Department of Dermatology and Allergology, ERN-Skin center, University of Helsinki and Helsinki University Central Hospital, Helsinki, Finland
| | - S Kivirikko
- Department of Clinical Genetics and Department of Medical and Clinical Genetics, University of Helsinki and Helsinki University Hospital, Helsinki, Finland
| | - P Ellonen
- Institute for Molecular Medicine Finland (FIMM), Helsinki Institute of Life Science (HiLIFE), University of Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland
| | - J Saarela
- Institute for Molecular Medicine Finland (FIMM), Helsinki Institute of Life Science (HiLIFE), University of Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland.,Norwegian Centre for Molecular Medicine (NCMM), University of Oslo, Oslo, Norway
| | - A Ranki
- Department of Dermatology and Allergology, ERN-Skin center, University of Helsinki and Helsinki University Central Hospital, Helsinki, Finland
| | - J Kere
- Folkhälsan Research Center and Research Programs Unit, Stem Cells and Metabolism Research Program, University of Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland.,Department of Biosciences and Nutrition, Karolinska Institutet, Huddinge, Sweden
| | - K Hannula-Jouppi
- Department of Dermatology and Allergology, ERN-Skin center, University of Helsinki and Helsinki University Central Hospital, Helsinki, Finland.,Folkhälsan Research Center and Research Programs Unit, Stem Cells and Metabolism Research Program, University of Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland
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