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Association between FAS gene -670 A/G and -1377 G/A polymorphisms and the risk of autoimmune diseases: a meta-analysis. Biosci Rep 2021; 40:221503. [PMID: 31840751 PMCID: PMC6944657 DOI: 10.1042/bsr20191197] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/25/2019] [Revised: 12/03/2019] [Accepted: 12/13/2019] [Indexed: 12/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Objectives: FAS plays a critical role in the extrinsic apoptosis pathway in autoimmune diseases. Previous studies investigating the association between FAS gene −670 A/G and −1377 G/A polymorphisms and the risk of autoimmune diseases reported controversial results. We performed the meta-analysis to evaluate the possible association. Methods: Relevant studies were identified by searching the PubMed, Embase, CNKI, and Wanfang databases up to December 2018. Odds ratios (ORs) and corresponding 95% confidence intervals (CIs) were calculated to determine the association. Results: A total of 43 articles including 67 studies (52 studies for FAS −670 A/G and 15 studies for −1377 G/A) were included in the meta-analysis. Our meta-analysis showed that the FAS −670 A/G polymorphism was associated with the risk of autoimmune diseases (GG vs. GA: OR = 1.079, 95% CI = 1.004–1.160, P=0.038), especially in Caucasians (GG vs. GA: OR = 1.12, 95% CI = 1.03–1.23, P=0.012), Asians (G vs. A: OR = 0.89, 95% CI = 0.83–0.96, P=0.002), systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE) (G vs. A: OR = 0.85, 95% CI = 0.77–0.94, P=0.001), multiple sclerosis (MS) (GG+GA vs. AA: OR = 0.83, 95% CI = 0.70–0.99, P=0.043), systemic sclerosis (SSc) (GG vs. GA: OR = 1.20, 95% CI = 1.07–1.36, P=0.003) and Hashimoto’s thyroiditis (HT) (G vs. A: OR = 1.45, 95% CI = 1.10–1.90, P=0.008); the FAS −1377 G/A polymorphism was associated with the risk of autoimmune diseases (A vs. G: OR = 1.11, 95% CI = 1.03–1.20, P=0.008), especially in Asians (A vs. G: OR = 1.15, 95% CI = 1.05–1.25, P=0.002) and high quality studies (A vs. G: OR = 1.14, 95% CI = 1.05–1.24, P=0.002). Conclusion: This meta-analysis demonstrated that the FAS –670A/G and –1377 G/A polymorphisms were associated with the risk of autoimmune diseases.
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DURAN GG, MELEK İM, DUMAN T, GÜNEŞAÇAR R. Multipl Sklerozisli Hastalarda Serum sFas, sFas Ligand Düzeyleri ile FAS ve FASLG Polimorfizmleri Arasındaki İlişkinin Araştırılması. DICLE MEDICAL JOURNAL 2020. [DOI: 10.5798/dicletip.755730] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/14/2022] Open
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Singh R, Pradhan V, Patwardhan M, Ghosh K. APO-1/Fas gene: Structural and functional characteristics in systemic lupus erythematosus and other autoimmune diseases. INDIAN JOURNAL OF HUMAN GENETICS 2011; 15:98-102. [PMID: 21088713 PMCID: PMC2922636 DOI: 10.4103/0971-6866.60184] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/29/2022]
Abstract
Systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE) is an autoimmune disorder affecting multiple organ systems. It is characterized by the presence of autoantibodies reactive against various self-antigens. Susceptibility to SLE is found to be associated with many major histocompatibility complex (MHC) and non-MHC genes, one of which is APO-1/Fas gene, which is present on chromosome 10 in humans. The APO-1/Fas promoter contains consensus sequences for binding of several transcription factors that affect the intensity of Fas expression in cells. The mutations in the APO-1/Fas promoter are associated with risk and severity in various autoimmune diseases and other malignancies. The APO-1/Fas receptor is expressed by many cell types. Two forms of APO-1/Fas protein that are involved in regulation of apoptosis have been identified. Fas receptor-mediated apoptosis plays a physiological and pathological role in killing of infected cell targets. In this review, we have focused on APO-1/Fas gene structure, promoter variants and its association with SLE and other autoimmune diseases. Functional aspects of Fas receptor in apoptosis are also discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Richa Singh
- Department of Immunobiology, National Institute of Immunohaematology, Indian Council of Medical Research, 13 Floor, KEM Hospital Building, Parel, Mumbai - 400 012, India
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Ben Aleya W, Sfar I, Mouelhi L, Aouadi H, Makhlouf M, Ayed-Jendoubi S, Matri S, Filali A, Najjar T, Ben Abdallah T, Ayed K, Gorgi Y. Association of Fas/Apo1 gene promoter (-670 A/G) polymorphism in Tunisian patients with IBD. World J Gastroenterol 2009; 15:3643-8. [PMID: 19653342 PMCID: PMC2721238 DOI: 10.3748/wjg.15.3643] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
AIM: To detect a possible association between the polymorphism of the (-670 A/G) Fas/Apo1 gene promoter and susceptibility to Crohn’s disease (CD) and ulcerative colitis (UC) in the Tunisian population.
METHODS: The (-670 A/G) Fas polymorphism was analyzed in 105 patients with CD, 59 patients with UC, and 100 controls using the polymerase chain reaction restriction fragment length polymorphism method.
RESULTS: Significantly lower frequencies of the Fas -670 A allele and A/A homozygous individuals were observed in CD and UC patients when compared with controls. Analysis of (-670 A/G) Fas polymorphism with respect to sex in CD and UC showed a significant difference in A/A genotypes between female patients and controls (P corrected = 0.004 in CD patients and P corrected = 0.02 in UC patients, respectively). Analysis also showed a statistically significant association between genotype AA of the (-670 A/G) polymorphism and the ileum localization of the lesions (P corrected = 0.048) and between genotype GG and the colon localization (P corrected = 0.009). The analysis of inflammatory bowel disease patients according to clinical behavior revealed no difference.
CONCLUSION: Fas-670 polymorphism was associated with the development of CD and UC in the Tunisian population.
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Kumar A, Teuber SS, Gershwin ME. Intravenous immunoglobulin: striving for appropriate use. Int Arch Allergy Immunol 2006; 140:185-98. [PMID: 16682800 DOI: 10.1159/000093204] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/15/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Intravenous immunoglobulin (IVIG) is the mainstay therapy in human immune deficiency states characterized by qualitative and quantitative reductions in B cells. In addition, however, there is widespread use of IVIG in a number of other areas, including neuroimmunologic, infectious, dermatologic, hematologic, autoimmune, inflammatory and idiopathic disorders. In many of these cases, there are little objective data to support the use. METHODS We performed a review of more than 400 publications in PubMed using the key words 'intravenous immunoglobulin' and excluded publications that focused on immune deficiency, for which the indication for IVIG is already clear. RESULTS For a number of off-label indications, there is significant evidence of efficacy and IVIG has become the standard of care for many clinical syndromes other than immune deficiency. In some conditions, however, the data have not been well controlled or randomized and are often limited to case reports that are difficult to interpret. Although the critical shortage of IVIG of the last decade is no longer an issue, IVIG is expensive and not without risk. The use of IVIG should be based not only on clinical data, but also, and especially, on the biological rationale for its use. CONCLUSIONS The appropriate use of IVIG is an important issue that is difficult to resolve, and will continue to challenge clinicians based on expense and potentially limited supply, including the intrinsic limitations of donor plasma. The establishment of national and international voluntary registries to report use of IVIG in disorders for which evidence is lacking would be a first step toward facilitating randomized, controlled clinical trials.
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Affiliation(s)
- Arvind Kumar
- Division of Rheumatology, Allergy and Clinical Immunology, Department of Internal Medicine,University of California at Davis School of Medicine, Davis, Calif. 95616, USA
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Xia B, Yu YH, Guo QS, Li XY, Jiang L, Li J. Association of Fas-670 gene polymorphism with inflammatory bowel disease in Chinese patients. World J Gastroenterol 2005; 11:415-7. [PMID: 15637757 PMCID: PMC4205351 DOI: 10.3748/wjg.v11.i3.415] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
AIM: Recent studies suggest that Fas-mediated apoptosis is involved in the pathogenesis of inflammatory bowel disease (IBD). It has been hypothesized that either increased apoptosis of intestinal epithelium or decreased apoptosis of lamina propria lymphocytes may induce inflammation of gut. The aim of this study was to determine whether the Fas gene promoter polymorphism at position-670 was associated with IBD in Chinese patients.
METHODS: Fifty unrelated Chinese patients with IBD (38 patients with ulcerative colitis and 12 with Crohn’s disease) and 124 healthy controls were genotyped for the Fas-670 polymorphism by PCR-restriction fragment length polymorphism method. The PCR product was digested by Mva I restriction enzyme.
RESULTS: Distribution of the Fas-670 gene polymorphism was 33% for the AA genotype, 52% for the AG genotype and 15% for the GG genotype in 124 healthy subjects. In patients with IBD, 30% was for the AA genotype, 42% for the AG genotype and 28% for the GG genotype respectively. However, there was no significant difference in the genotype (P = 0.1498), allele frequencies (P = 0.3198) and carriage frequencies (P = 0.4133) between healthy controls and IBD patients. Furthermore, we did not find any difference between the left-sided colitis and total colitis (P = 0.8242).
CONCLUSION: Fas-670 polymorphism is not associated with IBD in Chinese patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bing Xia
- Department of Internal Medicine, Zhongnan Hospital, Medical School of Wuhan University, Wuhan 430071, Hubei Province, China.
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Kantarci OH, Hebrink DD, Achenbach SJ, Atkinson EJ, de Andrade M, McMurray CT, Weinshenker BG. CD95 polymorphisms are associated with susceptibility to MS in women. J Neuroimmunol 2004; 146:162-70. [PMID: 14698859 DOI: 10.1016/j.jneuroim.2003.10.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/27/2023]
Abstract
CD95/CD95L interaction results in activation-induced apoptosis thereby regulating clonal expansion of T cells outside the thymus. Genetic defects in this system result in autoimmune lymphoproliferation in mice and men. CD95-induced cell death may be defective in MS. We studied the association of CD95 and CD95L polymorphisms with MS in 221 unique patients representing 79% ascertainment in Olmsted County, MN, and 442 gender-, age- and ethnicity-matched controls. Being a homozygote for the G allele of CD95 5'(-670)*A-->G SNP (p=0.034; OR: 1.59, 95% CI: 1.06-2.38) and for the C allele of CD95 E7(74)*C-->T SNP (p=0.007; OR: 1.73, 95% CI: 1.17-2.56) increased susceptibility to MS exclusively in women. There was strong but incomplete linkage disequilibrium between the two markers (p<0.001; D'=0.546). Homozygosity for 5'(-670)*A or E7(74)*C explained 28% of risk of MS in women but 0% of the risk in men in Olmsted County, MN. Our results agree with the previously published studies and highlight that the association of the polymorphisms is restricted to women with MS. We did not find an association between CD95L and susceptibility to MS nor CD95 or CD95L and age of onset, disease course and disease severity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Orhun H Kantarci
- Department of Neurology, Mayo Clinic and Foundation, 200 First Street, SW, Rochester, MN 55905, USA
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Abstract
Multiple sclerosis (MS) is a chronic inflammatory disease of the central nervous system (CNS). Significant progress has been made in our understanding of the etiology of MS. MS is widely believed to be an autoimmune disease that results from aberrant immune responses to CNS antigens. T cells are considered to be crucial in orchestrating an immunopathological cascade that results in damage to the myelin sheath. This review summarizes the currently available data supporting the idea that myelin reactive T cells are actively involved in the immunopathogenesis of MS. Some of the therapeutic strategies for MS are discussed with a focus on immunotherapies that aim to specifically target the myelin reactive T cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Niels Hellings
- Biomedical Research Institute, Limburg University Center, School for Life Sciences, Transnational University Diepenbeek, Belgium
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Niino M, Kikuchi S, Fukazawa T, Miyagishi R, Yabe I, Tashiro K. An examination of the Apo-1/Fas promoter Mva I polymorphism in Japanese patients with multiple sclerosis. BMC Neurol 2002; 2:8. [PMID: 12188927 PMCID: PMC122076 DOI: 10.1186/1471-2377-2-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/03/2002] [Accepted: 08/21/2002] [Indexed: 11/29/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND The Apo-1/Fas (CD95) molecule is an apoptosis-signaling cell surface receptor belonging to the tumor necrosis factor (TNF) receptor family. Both Fas and Fas ligand (FasL) are expressed in activated mature T cells, and prolonged cell activation induces susceptibility to Fas-mediated apoptosis. The Apo-1/Fas gene is located in a chromosomal region that shows linkage in multiple sclerosis (MS) genome screens, and studies indicate that there is aberrant expression of the Apo-1/Fas molecule in MS. METHODS Mva I polymorphism on the Apo-1/Fas promoter gene was detected by PCR-RFLP from the DNA of 114 Japanese patients with conventional MS and 121 healthy controls. We investigated the association of the Mva I polymorphism in Japanese MS patients using a case-control association study design. RESULTS We found no evidence that the polymorphism contributes to susceptibility to MS. Furthermore, there was no association between Apo-1/Fas gene polymorphisms and clinical course (relapsing-remitting course or secondary-progressive course). No significant association was observed between Apo-1/Fas gene polymorphisms and the age at disease onset. CONCLUSIONS Overall, our findings suggest that Apo-1/Fas promoter gene polymorphisms are not conclusively related to susceptibility to MS or the clinical characteristics of Japanese patients with MS.
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Affiliation(s)
- Masaaki Niino
- Department of Neurology, Hokkaido University Graduate School of Medicine, Kita-15 Nishi-7, Kita-ku, Sapporo, 060-8638, Japan
| | - Seiji Kikuchi
- Department of Neurology, Hokkaido University Graduate School of Medicine, Kita-15 Nishi-7, Kita-ku, Sapporo, 060-8638, Japan
| | - Toshiyuki Fukazawa
- Hokuyukai Neurology Hospital, Niju-Yon-Ken 2-2-4-30, Nishi-ku, Sapporo, 063-0802, Japan
| | - Ryuji Miyagishi
- Department of Neurology, Hokkaido University Graduate School of Medicine, Kita-15 Nishi-7, Kita-ku, Sapporo, 060-8638, Japan
| | - Ichiro Yabe
- Department of Neurology, Hokkaido University Graduate School of Medicine, Kita-15 Nishi-7, Kita-ku, Sapporo, 060-8638, Japan
| | - Kunio Tashiro
- Department of Neurology, Hokkaido University Graduate School of Medicine, Kita-15 Nishi-7, Kita-ku, Sapporo, 060-8638, Japan
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Giordano M, D'Alfonso S, Momigliano-Richiardi P. Genetics of multiple sclerosis: linkage and association studies. AMERICAN JOURNAL OF PHARMACOGENOMICS : GENOMICS-RELATED RESEARCH IN DRUG DEVELOPMENT AND CLINICAL PRACTICE 2002; 2:37-58. [PMID: 12083953 DOI: 10.2165/00129785-200202010-00004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/02/2022]
Abstract
Multiple sclerosis (MS) is a demyelinating autoimmune disease of the central nervous system caused by an interplay of environmental and genetic factors. The only genetic region that has been clearly demonstrated by linkage and association studies to contribute to MS genetic susceptibility is the human leukocyte antigen (HLA) system. The majority of HLA population studies in MS have focused on Caucasians of Northern European descent, where the predisposition to disease has been consistently associated with the class II DRB1*1501-DQA1*0102-DQB1*0602 haplotype. A positive association with DR4 was detected in Sardinians and in other Mediterranean populations. Moreover DR1, DR7, DR11 have been found to be protective in several populations. Systematic searches aimed at identifying non-HLA susceptibility genes were undertaken in several populations by means of linkage studies with microsatellite markers distributed across the whole genome. The conclusion of these studies was that there is no major MS locus, and genetic susceptibility to the disease is most likely explained by the presence of different genes each conferring a small contribution to the overall familial aggregation. The involvement of several candidate genes was tested by association studies, utilizing either a population-based (case control) or a family-based (transmission disequilibrium test) approach. Candidate genes were selected mainly on the basis of their involvement in the autoimmune pathogenesis and include immunorelevant molecules such as cytokines, cytokine receptors, immunoglobulin, T cell receptor subunits and myelin antigens. With the notable exception of HLA, association studies met only modest success. This failure may result from the small size of the tested samples and the small number of markers considered for each gene. New tools for large scale screening are needed to identify genetic determinants with a low phenotypic effect. Large collaborative studies are planned to screen several thousands of patients with MS with several thousands of genetic markers. The tests are increasingly based on the DNA pooling procedure.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mara Giordano
- Dipartimento di Scienze Mediche, Università del Piemonte Orientale Amedeo Avogadro, Via Solaroli 17, 28100 Novara, Italy.
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van Veen T, Kalkers NF, Crusius JBA, van Winsen L, Barkhof F, Jongen PJH, Peña AS, Polman CH, Uitdehaag BMJ. The FAS-670 polymorphism influences susceptibility to multiple sclerosis. J Neuroimmunol 2002; 128:95-100. [PMID: 12098516 DOI: 10.1016/s0165-5728(02)00163-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/08/2023]
Abstract
Several studies have reported a defective Fas function in patients with multiple sclerosis (MS). We were interested whether this could result from a genetically altered Fas regulation. We examined the FAS-670 polymorphism in 382 patients with MS and 206 controls, and found that the carriership of allele FAS-670*G was significantly less frequent in patients than in controls. We found no association between the carriership of FAS-670*G and clinical features. For a subgroup of patients, longitudinal MRI data were available. We observed similar brain and lesion volumes in carriers and noncarriers of FAS-670*G. These data suggest that FAS-670*G decreases the risk of developing MS, but does not affect the course of disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- T van Veen
- Department of Neurology, VU Medical Centre, De Boelelaan 1117, 1007 MB, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
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Zayas MD, Lucas M, Solano F, Fernández-Pérez MJ, Izquierdo G. Association of a CA repeat polymorphism upstream of the Fas ligand gene with multiple sclerosis. J Neuroimmunol 2001; 116:238-41. [PMID: 11438180 DOI: 10.1016/s0165-5728(01)00309-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
We have analyzed a CA repeat polymorphism localized 46-kb upstream of the Fas ligand gene in Spanish and American populations that include 139 healthy controls and a cohort of 177 unrelated relapsing and remitting multiple sclerosis (MS) patients. The MS patients consisted of two groups, one with a family history of MS and one without. The frequency of the 13 CA repeats (allele B) was lower (p=0.01) in MS patients than in controls, 0.45 and 0.55 respectively. The odds ratio (BB vs. AB/AA) for MS patients vs. healthy controls was 0.51 (95% CI 0.3-0.9; p=0.01). The odds ratio (BB vs. AB/AA) for MS patients extracted from multiply affected families vs. healthy controls was 0.22 (95% CI 0.07-0.62; p=0.002). The HLA DRB1*1501-DQB1*0602 haplotype is associated with B allele with a relative frequency higher than A allele (0.52 and 0.48 in patients vs. 0.68 and 0.32 in controls). The results suggest that chromosomes with B allele have a genetic background that reduces susceptibility to MS, particularly in the familial forms.
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Affiliation(s)
- M D Zayas
- Servicio de Biología Molecular, Hospital Universitario Virgen Macarena, Avda. Dr. Fedriani s/n, 41009, Sevilla, Spain
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