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Wallis KE, Guthrie W. Screening for Autism: A Review of the Current State, Ongoing Challenges, and Novel Approaches on the Horizon. Pediatr Clin North Am 2024; 71:127-155. [PMID: 38423713 DOI: 10.1016/j.pcl.2023.12.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 03/02/2024]
Abstract
Screening for autism is recommended in pediatric primary care. However, the median age of autism spectrum disorder (ASD) diagnosis is substantially higher than the age at which autism can reliably be identified, suggesting room for improvements in autism recognition at young ages, especially for children from minoritized racial and ethnic groups, low-income families, and families who prefer a language other than English. Novel approaches are being developed to utilize new technologies in aiding in autism recognition. However, attention to equity is needed to minimize bias. Additional research on the benefits and potential harms of universal autism screening is needed. The authors provide suggestions for pediatricians who are considering implementing autism-screening programs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kate E Wallis
- Division of Developmental and Behavioral Pediatrics, Children's Hospital of Philadelphia, Philadelphia, PA, USA; Department of Pediatrics, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, USA; PolicyLab, Children's Hospital of Philadelphia, Philadelphia, PA, USA; Clinical Futures, Children's Hospital of Philadelphia, Philadelphia, PA, USA; Center for Autism Research, Children's Hospital of Philadelphia, Philadelphia, PA, USA.
| | - Whitney Guthrie
- Division of Developmental and Behavioral Pediatrics, Children's Hospital of Philadelphia, Philadelphia, PA, USA; Department of Pediatrics, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, USA; Clinical Futures, Children's Hospital of Philadelphia, Philadelphia, PA, USA; Center for Autism Research, Children's Hospital of Philadelphia, Philadelphia, PA, USA; Department of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, Children's Hospital of Philadelphia, Philadelphia, PA, USA; Department of Psychiatry, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, USA
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Seize MDM, Borsa JC. Questionário para Rastreio de Sinais Precoces do Transtorno do Espectro Autista: evidências de validade e consistência interna. JORNAL BRASILEIRO DE PSIQUIATRIA 2022. [DOI: 10.1590/0047-2085000000374] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
RESUMO Objetivo Analisar evidências de validade e a consistência interna do Questionário para Rastreio de Sinais Precoces do Transtorno do Espectro Autista (QR-TEA). Métodos Para a etapa do conteúdo, contou-se com quatro profissionais da saúde com mais de cinco anos de experiência clínica no tratamento de crianças com diagnóstico do TEA. Para a etapa de análise de estrutura interna e consistência interna, contou-se com uma amostra de 133 pais/responsáveis de crianças entre 24-36 meses de idade de todo o Brasil. Os participantes responderam ao questionário por meio de entrevista com profissionais da saúde. Para conhecer a estrutura fatorial, foi utilizado o procedimento de análise fatorial exploratória. Adicionalmente, para avaliar a consistência interna do instrumento, foi efetuado o cálculo da fidedignidade composta. Resultados Na etapa do conteúdo, encontrou-se i-IVC = 1,00 para a maioria dos itens; Kappa entre 0,51 e 0,94; p < 0,05; CCI = 0,90; p < 0,05. A análise fatorial exploratória apontou uma solução de dois fatores para o QR-TEA. A fidedignidade composta foi adequada (acima de 0,70) para os dois fatores. A medida de replicabilidade da estrutura fatorial sugeriu que os dois fatores podem ser replicáveis em estudos futuros (H > 0,80). Conclusões Os dados obtidos indicam evidências iniciais de validade e consistência interna adequada. Os achados apoiam, ainda, a adequação psicométrica do QR-TEA em consonância com o modelo de dois fatores do DSM-5. Recomenda-se a condução de novos estudos para buscar outras evidências de validade e verificar a sensibilidade e especificidade do instrumento.
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Autism Screening Practices in Preschools and Early Childcare Centers: A Systematic Review. REVIEW JOURNAL OF AUTISM AND DEVELOPMENTAL DISORDERS 2022. [DOI: 10.1007/s40489-022-00323-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
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Shum KKM, Zheng Q, Wong WLL, Wong YM, Lam CWC. Validation of a developmental screening checklist for Chinese preschoolers in Hong Kong. Child Neuropsychol 2022; 28:997-1030. [DOI: 10.1080/09297049.2022.2038117] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/19/2022]
Affiliation(s)
| | - Que Zheng
- Department of Psychology, University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, China
| | | | - Yi-Man Wong
- Hong Kong Society for the Protection of Children, Hong Kong, China
| | - Cecilia Wing-Chi Lam
- Department of Psychology, University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, China
- Hong Kong Society for the Protection of Children, Hong Kong, China
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Shum KKM, Wong RMF, Au AHC, Au TKF. Autism spectrum disorder screening in Chinese-language preschools. AUTISM : THE INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF RESEARCH AND PRACTICE 2021; 26:545-551. [PMID: 34399605 PMCID: PMC8814961 DOI: 10.1177/13623613211039373] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/01/2022]
Abstract
This study examined the reliability and validity of the 13-item Classroom Observation Scale as used by teachers and non-clinically trained observers to identify children who more likely than their peers to have autism spectrum disorder in less-resourced preschools. A total of 534 children (ages 2;10 to 4;5, Mean = 3;8) from nine Chinese-language preschools serving families from lower-middle to middle socioeconomic backgrounds in Hong Kong were observed in their first preschool year using the Classroom Observation Scale. The 75 screen-positive children and 55 randomly selected typically developing peers were clinically assessed for autism spectrum disorder 1 year later. The Classroom Observation Scale as used by teachers and non-clinically trained researchers helped to identify preschoolers who were later diagnosed with autism spectrum disorder with odds ratios of 3.11 and 8.66, respectively. This study provided further evidence on the versatility and ecological validity of the Classroom Observation Scale for use by preschool teachers and observers with little or no clinical training in the early identification of children with autism spectrum disorder in community settings.
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