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Goswami S, Ylöstalo P, Khan S, Knuuttila M, Bernabe E, Suominen AL. Effect of smoking on periodontal health and validation of self-reported smoking status with serum cotinine levels. Acta Odontol Scand 2021; 79:573-581. [PMID: 33966590 DOI: 10.1080/00016357.2021.1917655] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/21/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE To investigate whether self-reported smoking and serum cotinine levels associate with periodontal pocket development and to determine the accuracy of self-reported smoking using serum cotinine. MATERIALS AND METHODS This 4-year prospective cohort study included data from 294 dentate adults, aged ≥30 years, who participated in both the Health 2000 Survey and the Follow-up Study of Finnish Adults' Oral Health. Subjectively reported smoking status (daily smokers n = 62, occasional smokers n = 12, quitters n = 49, and never-smokers n = 171), serum cotinine levels, demographic factors, education level, dental behaviours and medical history were collected at baseline. The outcome measure was the number of teeth with periodontal pocketing ≥4 mm over 4 years. RESULTS Self-reported daily smokers had 1.82 (95% CI: 1.32-2.50) higher incidence of deepened periodontal pockets than never-smokers. A positive association was observed between serum cotinine (≥42.0 μg/L) and the development of periodontal pockets. The misclassification rate of self-reported smoking was 6%. CONCLUSIONS Both self-reported daily smoking and higher serum cotinine were associated with periodontal pocket development. Self-reported smoking was fairly accurate in this study. However, higher cotinine levels among a few self-reported never-smokers indicated misreporting or passive smoking. Thus, self-reports alone are not enough to assess the smoking-attributable disease burden.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shweta Goswami
- Institute of Public Health and Clinical Nutrition, University of Eastern Finland, Kuopio, Finland
- Institute of Dentistry, University of Eastern Finland, Kuopio, Finland
| | - Pekka Ylöstalo
- Institute of Dentistry, University of Eastern Finland, Kuopio, Finland
- Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Diseases, Kuopio University Hospital, Kuopio, Finland
- Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery, Oulu University Hospital, Oulu, Finland
- Unit of Oral Health Sciences, Medical Research Center Oulu (MRC Oulu), Oulu University Hospital and University of Oulu, Oulu, Finland
| | - Sohaib Khan
- Institute of Public Health and Clinical Nutrition, University of Eastern Finland, Kuopio, Finland
| | - Matti Knuuttila
- Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery, Oulu University Hospital, Oulu, Finland
| | - Eduardo Bernabe
- Division of Population and Patient Health, King’s College London Dental Institute, London, United Kingdom
| | - Anna Liisa Suominen
- Institute of Dentistry, University of Eastern Finland, Kuopio, Finland
- Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Diseases, Kuopio University Hospital, Kuopio, Finland
- Public Health Evaluation and Projection Unit, Finnish Institute for Health and Welfare, Helsinki, Finland
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Lei F, Wang W, Fu Y, Wang J, Zheng Y. Oxidative stress in retrotrapezoid nucleus/parafacial respiratory group and impairment of central chemoreception in rat offspring exposed to maternal cigarette smoke. Reprod Toxicol 2021; 100:35-41. [PMID: 33383163 DOI: 10.1016/j.reprotox.2020.12.017] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/26/2020] [Revised: 12/16/2020] [Accepted: 12/19/2020] [Indexed: 02/05/2023]
Abstract
We have reported that smoking during pregnancy is associated with deficit in neonatal central chemoreception. However, the underlying mechanism is not well clarified. In this study, we developed a rat model of maternal cigarette smoke (CS) exposure. Pregnant rats were exposed to CS during gestational day 1-20. Offspring were studied on postnatal day 2. Reactive oxygen species (ROS) content and expressions of antioxidant proteins in retrotrapezoid nucleus/parafacial respiratory group (RTN/pFRG) were examined by fluorogenic dye MitoSOX™ Red and Western blotting, respectively. The response of hypoglossal rootlets discharge to acidification was also detected with micro-injection of H2O2 into RTN/pFRG of offspring brainstem slices in vitro. Results showed that maternal CS exposure led to an increase in ROS production, and brought about decreases in mitochondrial superoxide dismutase and Kelch-like ECH-associated protein-1, and an increase in NF-E2-related factor 2 in offspring RTN/pFRG. Catalase and glutathione reductase expressions were not significantly changed. Moreover, oxidative stress induced by micro-injection of H2O2 into RTN/pFRG in vitro inhibited the discharge response of hypoglossal rootlets to acidification. These findings suggest that maternal CS exposure results in oxidative stress in RTN/pFRG of rat offspring, which might play a role in the impairment of central chemoreception.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fang Lei
- West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, 610041, Sichuan, PR China; Department of Physiology, West China School of Basic Medical Sciences and Forensic Medicine, Sichuan University, Chengdu, 610041, Sichuan, PR China
| | - Wen Wang
- Department of Physiology, West China School of Basic Medical Sciences and Forensic Medicine, Sichuan University, Chengdu, 610041, Sichuan, PR China
| | - Yating Fu
- Department of Physiology, West China School of Basic Medical Sciences and Forensic Medicine, Sichuan University, Chengdu, 610041, Sichuan, PR China
| | - Ji Wang
- Department of Physiology, West China School of Basic Medical Sciences and Forensic Medicine, Sichuan University, Chengdu, 610041, Sichuan, PR China
| | - Yu Zheng
- Department of Physiology, West China School of Basic Medical Sciences and Forensic Medicine, Sichuan University, Chengdu, 610041, Sichuan, PR China.
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Lei F, Wang W, Fu Y, Wang J, Zheng Y. Mitochondrial KATP channels contribute to the protective effects of hydrogen sulfide against impairment of central chemoreception of rat offspring exposed to maternal cigarette smoke. PLoS One 2020; 15:e0237643. [PMID: 33064729 PMCID: PMC7567348 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0237643] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/08/2020] [Accepted: 07/30/2020] [Indexed: 02/05/2023] Open
Abstract
We previously reported that maternal cigarette smoke (CS) exposure resulted in impairment of central chemoreception and induced mitochondrial dysfunction in offspring parafacial respiratory group (pFRG), the kernel for mammalian central chemoreception. We also found that hydrogen sulfide (H2S) could attenuate maternal CS exposure-induced impairment of central chemoreception in the rat offspring in vivo. Mitochondrial ATP sensitive potassium (mitoKATP) channel has been reported to play a significant role in mitochondrial functions and protect against apoptosis in neurons. Thus, we hypothesize here that mitoKATP channel plays a role in the protective effects of H2S on neonatal central chemoreception in maternal CS-exposed rats. Our findings revealed that pretreatment with NaHS (donor of H2S, 22.4mM) reversed the central chemosensitivity decreased by maternal CS exposure, and also inhibited cell apoptosis in offspring pFRG, however, 5-HD (blocker of mitoKATP channels, 19mM) attenuated the protective effects of NaHS. In addition, NaHS declined pro-apoptotic proteins related to mitochondrial pathway apoptosis in CS rat offspring pFRG, such as Bax, Cytochrome C, caspase9 and caspase3. NaHS or 5-HD alone had no significant effect on above indexes. These results suggest that mitoKATP channels play an important role in the protective effect of H2S against impairment of central chemoreception via anti-apoptosis in pFRG of rat offspring exposed to maternal CS.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fang Lei
- West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, Sichuan, P.R. China
- Department of Physiology, West China School of Basic Medical Sciences and Forensic Medicine, Sichuan University, Chengdu, Sichuan, P.R. China
| | - Wen Wang
- Department of Physiology, West China School of Basic Medical Sciences and Forensic Medicine, Sichuan University, Chengdu, Sichuan, P.R. China
| | - Yating Fu
- Department of Physiology, West China School of Basic Medical Sciences and Forensic Medicine, Sichuan University, Chengdu, Sichuan, P.R. China
| | - Ji Wang
- Department of Physiology, West China School of Basic Medical Sciences and Forensic Medicine, Sichuan University, Chengdu, Sichuan, P.R. China
| | - Yu Zheng
- Department of Physiology, West China School of Basic Medical Sciences and Forensic Medicine, Sichuan University, Chengdu, Sichuan, P.R. China
- * E-mail:
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Lindström I, Pallasaho P, Remes J, Vasankari T, Heliövaara M. Does lung function predict the risk of disability pension? An 11-year register-based follow-up study. BMC Public Health 2020; 20:165. [PMID: 32013933 PMCID: PMC6998269 DOI: 10.1186/s12889-020-8277-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/07/2018] [Accepted: 01/27/2020] [Indexed: 11/10/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Spirometry is widely used in medical surveillance in occupational health and as a diagnostic test for obstructive and restrictive lung disease. We evaluated the effect of spirometry parameters on the risk of all-cause disability pension in a follow-up study of an occupationally active general population-based cohort. Methods We measured the pulmonary function of 3386 currently working participants of the Health 2000 Survey in the clinical phase at baseline using spirometry. We obtained the retirement events of the cohort from the nationwide register for 2000–2011. Cox proportional hazards models were used to determine disability pensions. Results At baseline, we identified 111 (3.3%) participants with obstructive spirometry, 95 (2.8%) with restrictive spirometry, and 3180 controls without restriction or obstruction. The age, sex, educational level, body-mass index, co-morbidities (1 or ≥ 2), and the smoking-adjusted hazard ratio of disability pension was 1.07 (95% confidence interval, CI 0.64–1.78) for those with obstructive spirometry, and 1.44 (95% CI 0.89–2.32) for those with restrictive spirometry. As continuous variables, and divided into quartiles, the risk of the lowest quartile of forced ventilation capacity (FVC)% of predicted was 1.49 (95%CI 1.10–2.01) and forced expiratory volume in one second (FEV1)% of predicted 1.66 (95%CI: 1.23–2.24) in comparison to the highest quartile in the adjusted models. Conclusions Obstructive or restrictive spirometry did not predict disability pension when dichotomized classified variables (normal compared to abnormal) were used. As continuous variables and when divided into quartiles, lower lung volumes showed an increase in the risk of disability pension. Physicians should take this into account when they use spirometry as a prognostic factor of work disability.
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Affiliation(s)
- Irmeli Lindström
- Occupational Medicine, Finnish Institute of Occupational Health, Topeliuksenkatu 41 B, 00250, Helsinki, Finland.
| | | | - Jouko Remes
- Statistical Services Team, Finnish Institute of Occupational Health, Helsinki, Finland
| | - Tuula Vasankari
- Finnish Lung Health Association (Filha ry), Helsinki, Finland.,Department of Pulmonary Diseases and Clinical Allergology, University of Turku, Turku, Finland
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Zhao F, Lei F, Zhang S, Yan X, Wang W, Zheng Y. Hydrogen sulfide alleviates placental injury induced by maternal cigarette smoke exposure during pregnancy in rats. Nitric Oxide 2018; 74:102-111. [DOI: 10.1016/j.niox.2017.07.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/15/2016] [Revised: 05/28/2017] [Accepted: 07/10/2017] [Indexed: 12/25/2022]
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Zhang S, Lei F, Zhao F, Yan X, Wang W, Zheng Y. Hydrogen sulfide ameliorates prenatal cigarette smoke exposure-induced impairment of respiratory responses to hypercapnia in neonatal rats. Respir Physiol Neurobiol 2017; 243:1-6. [DOI: 10.1016/j.resp.2017.04.009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/19/2017] [Revised: 04/15/2017] [Accepted: 04/20/2017] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
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Lei F, Yan X, Zhao F, Zhang S, Zhang Q, Zhou H, Zheng Y. Impairment of Central Chemoreception in Neonatal Rats Induced by Maternal Cigarette Smoke Exposure during Pregnancy. PLoS One 2015; 10:e0137362. [PMID: 26333001 PMCID: PMC4557912 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0137362] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/17/2015] [Accepted: 08/15/2015] [Indexed: 11/19/2022] Open
Abstract
It has been postulated that prenatal cigarette smoke exposure (CSE) increases the risk for sudden infant death syndrome. The victims of infant death syndrome suffer from respiratory abnormalities, such as central apnea, diminished chemoreflex and alteration in respiratory pattern during sleep. However, no experimental evidence on CSE model exists to confirm whether prenatal CSE gives rise to reduction of neonatal central chemoreception in in vitro preparations in absence of peripheral sensory feedback. The aim of the present study was to test the hypothesis that maternal CSE during pregnancy depresses central chemoreception of the neonatal rats. The pregnant rats were divided into two groups, control (n = 8) and CSE (n = 8). Experiments were performed on neonatal (0-3days) rat pups. Fictive respiratory activity was monitored by recording the rhythmic discharge from the hypoglossal rootlets of the medullary slices obtained from the neonatal rats. The burst frequency (BF) and integrated amplitude (IA) of the discharge were analyzed. Their responses to acidified artificial cerebrospinal fluid (aCSF) were tested to indicate the change of the central chemosensitivity. Under condition of perfusing with standard aCSF (pH 7.4), no significant difference was detected between the two groups in either BF or IA (P>0.05). Under condition of perfusing with acidified aCSF (pH 7.0), BF was increased and IA was decreased in both groups (P<0.01). However, their change rates in the CSE group were obviously smaller than that in the control group, 66.98 ± 10.11% vs. 143.75 ± 15.41% for BF and -22.38 ± 2.51% vs. -44.90 ± 3.92% for IA (P<0.01). In conclusion, these observations, in a prenatal CSE model, provide important evidence that maternal smoking during pregnancy exerts adverse effects on central chemoreception of neonates.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fang Lei
- Department of Physiology, West China School of Preclinical and Forensic Medicine, Sichuan University, Chengdu, Sichuan, PR China
| | - Xiang Yan
- Department of Physiology, West China School of Preclinical and Forensic Medicine, Sichuan University, Chengdu, Sichuan, PR China
| | - Fusheng Zhao
- Department of Physiology, West China School of Preclinical and Forensic Medicine, Sichuan University, Chengdu, Sichuan, PR China
| | - Senfeng Zhang
- Department of Physiology, West China School of Preclinical and Forensic Medicine, Sichuan University, Chengdu, Sichuan, PR China
| | - Qilan Zhang
- Department of Physiology, West China School of Preclinical and Forensic Medicine, Sichuan University, Chengdu, Sichuan, PR China
| | - Hua Zhou
- Department of Physiology, West China School of Preclinical and Forensic Medicine, Sichuan University, Chengdu, Sichuan, PR China
| | - Yu Zheng
- Department of Physiology, West China School of Preclinical and Forensic Medicine, Sichuan University, Chengdu, Sichuan, PR China
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Socioeconomic inequalities in current daily smoking in five Turkish regions. Int J Public Health 2013; 59:251-60. [DOI: 10.1007/s00038-013-0476-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/14/2012] [Revised: 04/08/2013] [Accepted: 04/29/2013] [Indexed: 10/26/2022] Open
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Philibert RA, Beach SRH, Brody GH. Demethylation of the aryl hydrocarbon receptor repressor as a biomarker for nascent smokers. Epigenetics 2012; 7:1331-8. [PMID: 23070629 DOI: 10.4161/epi.22520] [Citation(s) in RCA: 126] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/22/2023] Open
Abstract
Epigenetic modifications to peripheral white blood cell DNA occur in response to a wide variety of exposures. In prior work, we and others have shown that broad changes in DNA methylation, particularly at the aryl hydrocarbon receptor repressor (AHRR) locus, occur in samples from subjects with long histories of smoking. However, given the large number of epigenetic changes that occur in response to prolonged smoking, the primacy of the response at AHRR and the sensitivity of these changes to low levels of smoking are not known. Therefore, we examined the association of smoking to genome lymphocyte DNA methylation status in a representative sample of 399 African American youths living in the rural South that includes 72 subjects with less than one half-pack year of exposure. Consistent with our prior findings, we found a stepwise effect of smoking on DNA methylation among youth with relatively brief exposure histories at a CpG residue in AHRR (cg05575921) (FDR corrected p values; 3 × 10 (-7) and 0.09 in the male and female samples, respectively) that was identified in previous studies and at which the effects of smoking were significant, even in those subjects with less than one half pack year exposure. We conclude that AHRR demethylation at cg05575921 in peripheral cells may serve as an early, sensitive biomarker for even low levels of exposure to tobacco smoke, providing a non-self-report alternative for nascent exposure to tobacco smoke. We also suggest that the AHRR/AHR pathway may be functional in the response of peripheral white blood cells to tobacco smoke exposure.
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