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Aslam MR, Muhammad Asif H, Ahmad K, Jabbar S, Hayee A, Sagheer MS, Rehman JU, Khalid S, Hashmi AS, Rajpoot SR, Sharif A. Global impact and contributing factors in varicose vein disease development. SAGE Open Med 2022; 10:20503121221118992. [PMID: 36051783 PMCID: PMC9425889 DOI: 10.1177/20503121221118992] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/08/2022] [Accepted: 07/21/2022] [Indexed: 11/29/2022] Open
Abstract
Varicose veins are convoluted, expanded, and stretched subcutaneous veins of the lower leg and are the most frequently reported medical condition. This condition has a higher prevalence in Western and developed countries. Inadequacy of the valves results in reflux of blood in the veins of the lower leg. The present study aims to describe the epidemiology and contributing factors (risk factors and pathological factors) in the development of varicose veins disease. PubMed/Medline, Science Direct, Google Scholar, SciFinder, Scopus, and Web of Science databases were explored to include potential research and review articles. Finally, 65 articles were considered appropriate to include in the study. Pain, swelling, heaviness, and tingling of the lower limbs are the most common sign and symptoms caused by varicose veins while in some individuals it is asymptomatic. The Prevalence of varicose veins varies geographically. Currently, it is reported that globally about 2%–73% of the population is affected by varicose veins while the prevalence rate in Pakistan is 16%–20%. Different risk factors associated with the advancement of varicose veins are age, gender, occupation, pregnancy, family history, smoking, BMI and obesity, exercise, genetic factor, and current lifestyle. In varicose veins, some contributory elements may also play an important role in the disease development, incorporating constant venous wall aggravation, hereditary variation, and persistent venous hypertension. This condition has now turned into a curable issue that was previously viewed broadly as less important for treatment, determining the individual’s satisfaction. Moreover, the mechanisms behind the risk factors involve diet, physical work, and hormonal contribution. These are more likely to be explored.
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Affiliation(s)
- Muhammad Rahil Aslam
- University College of Conventional Medicine, Faculty of Medicine and Allied Health Sciences, The Islamia University of Bahawalpur, Bahawalpur, Pakistan
| | - Hafiz Muhammad Asif
- University College of Conventional Medicine, Faculty of Medicine and Allied Health Sciences, The Islamia University of Bahawalpur, Bahawalpur, Pakistan
| | - Khalil Ahmad
- University College of Conventional Medicine, Faculty of Medicine and Allied Health Sciences, The Islamia University of Bahawalpur, Bahawalpur, Pakistan
| | - Sana Jabbar
- Department of Eastern Medicine, Qarshi University, Lahore, Pakistan
| | - Abdul Hayee
- University College of Conventional Medicine, Faculty of Medicine and Allied Health Sciences, The Islamia University of Bahawalpur, Bahawalpur, Pakistan
| | - Muhammad Shahid Sagheer
- University College of Conventional Medicine, Faculty of Medicine and Allied Health Sciences, The Islamia University of Bahawalpur, Bahawalpur, Pakistan
| | - Jalil Ur Rehman
- University College of Conventional Medicine, Faculty of Medicine and Allied Health Sciences, The Islamia University of Bahawalpur, Bahawalpur, Pakistan
| | - Sana Khalid
- Department of Eastern Medicine, Government College University Faisalabad, Faisalabad, Pakistan
| | - Abdul Sattar Hashmi
- University College of Conventional Medicine, Faculty of Medicine and Allied Health Sciences, The Islamia University of Bahawalpur, Bahawalpur, Pakistan
| | - Sehrish Rana Rajpoot
- University College of Conventional Medicine, Faculty of Medicine and Allied Health Sciences, The Islamia University of Bahawalpur, Bahawalpur, Pakistan
| | - Aamir Sharif
- Department of Pathology, Sargodha Medical College, University of Sargodha, Sargodha, Pakistan
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Joseph N, B A, Faizan Thouseef M, Devi M U, Abna A, Juneja I. A multicenter review of epidemiology and management of varicose veins for national guidance. Ann Med Surg (Lond) 2016; 8:21-7. [PMID: 27257482 PMCID: PMC4878844 DOI: 10.1016/j.amsu.2016.04.024] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/27/2016] [Revised: 04/27/2016] [Accepted: 04/27/2016] [Indexed: 11/27/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Varicose vein is a common surgical problems in India. This study was done to assess the clinico-epidemiological profile, risk factors and management practices in varicose veins. MATERIALS AND METHODS Medical records of 170 varicose vein cases admitted in tertiary care hospitals in Mangalore between May 2011 to April 2014 were reviewed retrospectively. RESULTS Majority of cases 53(31.2%) were of the age group 41-50 years. Majority were males 127(74.7%) and majority were unskilled workers 101(59.4%). Superficial veins were involved in 123(72.4%) cases. Perforator followed by great saphenous vein were most frequently involved. Veins on the left side were more involved than on the right. Common symptoms at the time of presentation was ulceration 98(57.6%) followed by pain in the legs 96(56.5%). Ulceration was seen significantly more among females (p = 0.027) and among house wives (p = 0.004). Complications like eczema 46(27.1%), non-healing ulcers 21(12.3%) and deep vein thrombosis 10(5.9%) were reported among cases. Eczema was present significantly more among elderly patients aged above 60 years (p = 0.019). Risk factors like prolonged standing was observed in 86(50.6%) cases. This history was significantly seen among males (p = 0.001) and among those involved in unskilled occupations (p < 0.001). Recurrence of varicose vein was reported in 23(13.5%) cases. It was associated with patients of the age group 21-30 years (p = 0.021). Doppler ultrasound was the most common 120(70.6%) investigation done. Micronized purified flavonoid fraction was used in management in 15(8.8%) cases. Conservative management methods like limb elevation 50(29.4%) and compression stocking 36(21.2%) was advised to patients. Saphenous vein stripping was the most common surgical procedure 40(23.5%) performed. CONCLUSION The high risk groups identified in this study need to be made aware of risk of developing varicose veins. Use of compression stocking at work place added with newer procedure in management could help in betterment in their quality of life.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nitin Joseph
- Kasturba Medical College, Manipal University, Mangalore, India
| | - Abhishai B
- Kasturba Medical College, Manipal University, Mangalore, India
| | | | - Uma Devi M
- Kasturba Medical College, Manipal University, Mangalore, India
| | - Ayesha Abna
- Kasturba Medical College, Manipal University, Mangalore, India
| | - Isha Juneja
- Kasturba Medical College, Manipal University, Mangalore, India
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Van der Velden SK, Shadid NH, Nelemans PJ, Sommer A. How specific are venous symptoms for diagnosis of chronic venous disease? Phlebology 2014; 29:580-6. [DOI: 10.1177/0268355513515859] [Citation(s) in RCA: 34] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/15/2022]
Abstract
Objective The objective of this study is to evaluate whether and which ‘venous’ symptoms are characteristic for patients affected with chronic venous disease compared to patients with other diseases of the lower limbs (e.g. arthrosis, peripheral arterial disease, spinal disc herniation). Methods A cross-sectional study was performed to compare the frequency of venous symptoms among 76 patients with chronic venous disease and reflux and 74 patients with other diseases of the legs without reflux. The VEINES-Sym of the VEINES-QOL/Sym questionnaire was used to evaluate the frequency of symptoms. Demographic, clinical classification and ultrasound findings were also noted. Results A total of 122 patients were included for analysis (response rate of 87%). Presence of venous symptoms was slightly more often reported in the chronic venous disease group than in the non-chronic venous disease group, but differences were small and statistically non-significant. Severity of chronic venous disease as classified by the CEAP classification was not associated with higher proportions of patients reporting symptoms than in non-chronic venous disease patients, except for swelling ( p = .016) and itching ( p = .007) in C3-C6 patients. The largest difference between the chronic venous disease and non-chronic venous disease group was observed for the time of the day at which symptoms were most intense; patients with chronic venous disease were more likely to experience symptoms at the end of the day ( p < .001). Conclusions The small differences in prevalence of reported ‘venous’ symptoms between chronic venous disease patients and patients with other diseases of the legs suggest that these symptoms may be less specific for patients with chronic venous disease and refluxing veins than is usually assumed.
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Affiliation(s)
- SK Van der Velden
- Department of Dermatology, Erasmus Universal Centre, Rotterdam, The Netherlands
| | - NH Shadid
- Department of Dermatology, Medical Centre Haaglanden, Den Haag, The Netherlands
| | - PJ Nelemans
- Department of Epidemiology, Maastricht University Medical Centre, Maastricht, The Netherlands
| | - A Sommer
- Department of Dermatology, Reinaert Clinics, Maastricht, The Netherlands
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