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Jamshaid H, Mishra RK, Chandan V, Nazari S, Shoaib M, Bizet L, Ivanova TA, Muller M, Valasek P. Mechanical and Thermo-Mechanical Performance of Natural Fiber-Based Single-Ply and 2-Ply Woven Prepregs. Polymers (Basel) 2023; 15:polym15040994. [PMID: 36850277 PMCID: PMC9959827 DOI: 10.3390/polym15040994] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/15/2023] [Revised: 02/10/2023] [Accepted: 02/15/2023] [Indexed: 02/19/2023] Open
Abstract
This paper presents a study conducted on prepregs manufactured by a novel method for the impregnation of a thermoplastic matrix. Different composite prepregs based on polypropylene and reinforced with natural fibers (e.g., basalt and jute fibers) were developed. The mechanical and dynamic mechanical properties were investigated. DMA tests were conducted at 1 Hz frequency and properties such as storage modulus and damping (tan δ) were evaluated. The overall mechanical properties of the basalt fiber composites were found to be superior to that of the jute fiber-based samples. Thermo-gravimetric analysis (TG/DTG) of the composite samples showed that the thermal degradation temperatures of the basalt-based composites shifted to higher temperature regions compared to the PP or jute fiber composites. The addition of basalt fiber considerably improved the thermal stability of the composite samples. Microscopic images of the tensile fractured composite samples illustrated better fiber-matrix interfacial interaction due to the novel technology of prepregs. Single-ply and 2-ply prepregs showed significantly superior mechanical, thermal, and thermo-dynamical performance compared to the control sample (pure PP). 2-Ply composites demonstrated higher modulus, tensile strength, and storage modulus due to the higher fiber volume fraction. Basalt-based samples showed a minimum weight loss of about 57% up to 700 °C in contrast to 96.05% weight loss in the jute-based samples and 98.4% in the case of pure PP. The heat resistance index (THRI) is more than twice for basalt compared to jute and PP. Furthermore, the superior thermal stability of basalt is reflected in its DSC curves, showing the highest endothermic peak. The technique of using the resin in the form of thermoplastic yarns offers cost effective and efficient alternatives for composite manufacturing.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hafsa Jamshaid
- School of Engineering and Technology, National Textile University, Faisalabad 37610, Pakistan
| | - Rajesh Kumar Mishra
- Department of Material Science and Manufacturing Technology, Faculty of Engineering, Czech University of Life Sciences Prague, Kamycka 129, 165 00 Prague, Czech Republic
- Correspondence:
| | - Vijay Chandan
- Department of Material Science and Manufacturing Technology, Faculty of Engineering, Czech University of Life Sciences Prague, Kamycka 129, 165 00 Prague, Czech Republic
| | - Shabnam Nazari
- Department of Sustainable Technologies, Faculty of Tropical Agriscience, Czech University of Life Sciences Prague, Kamycka 129, 165 00 Prague, Czech Republic
| | - Muhammad Shoaib
- School of Engineering and Technology, National Textile University, Faisalabad 37610, Pakistan
| | - Laurent Bizet
- Normandie Université, UNIHAVRE, LOMC, CNRS UMR 6294, 76600 Le Havre, France
| | - Tatiana Alexiou Ivanova
- Department of Sustainable Technologies, Faculty of Tropical Agriscience, Czech University of Life Sciences Prague, Kamycka 129, 165 00 Prague, Czech Republic
| | - Miroslav Muller
- Department of Material Science and Manufacturing Technology, Faculty of Engineering, Czech University of Life Sciences Prague, Kamycka 129, 165 00 Prague, Czech Republic
| | - Petr Valasek
- Department of Material Science and Manufacturing Technology, Faculty of Engineering, Czech University of Life Sciences Prague, Kamycka 129, 165 00 Prague, Czech Republic
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Ahmad T, Jamshaid H, Mishra RK, Chandan V, Nazari S, Ivanova TA, Ahamad N, Ahmed S, Petru M, Kučera L. Development of Lightweight Cricket Pads Using Knitted Flexible Thermoplastic Composites with Improved Impact Protection. MATERIALS (BASEL, SWITZERLAND) 2022; 15:8661. [PMID: 36500155 PMCID: PMC9739438 DOI: 10.3390/ma15238661] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/05/2022] [Revised: 11/30/2022] [Accepted: 12/02/2022] [Indexed: 06/17/2023]
Abstract
Cricket is one of the most popular global sports, and cricket pads are important personal protective gear used for shock absorption and peak deceleration of the impact forces of the cricket ball for both batsmen and wicket keepers. The materials selection of the padding should be considered according to requirements. In the present study, flexible composites were manufactured using knitted unidirectional thermoplastic composite prepregs. Prepregs were fabricated using thermoplastic yarns, e.g., High Density Polyethylene (HDPE), Polypropylene (PP), and Low Melting Polyester (LMPE). Para-aramid (Kevlar) and Flax yarns were used as inlay. The structures were stacked in three and five layers, and hot compression was used to convert thermoplastic yarn into matrix. A total of twelve samples were prepared, and their mechanical properties were evaluated. Tensile and flexural properties, short beam strength, and impact properties were optimized using the multi-criteria decision-making (MCDM) technique for order performance by similarity to ideal solution (TOPSIS). This approach was used to select the best material for use in cricket pads. The candidate samples were ranked using statistical techniques. The optimum sample was found to be FP5, i.e., Flax with polypropylene using five layers, which exhibited the maximum impact strength. The results showed that the mechanical properties were improved in general by increasing the number of layers. The significance and percentage contribution of each factor was obtained by ANOVA (α = 0.10) and pie chart, which showed Factors A and C (inlay yarn and number of layers) to be the main contributors. The optimal samples showed superior impact-related performance compared to a market sample cricket pad.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tauheed Ahmad
- Protective Textile Research Group, Faculty of Textile Engineering, National Textile University, Faisalabad 37610, Pakistan
| | - Hafsa Jamshaid
- Protective Textile Research Group, Faculty of Textile Engineering, National Textile University, Faisalabad 37610, Pakistan
| | - Rajesh Kumar Mishra
- Department of Material Science and Manufacturing Technology, Faculty of Engineering, Czech University of Life Sciences Prague, Kamycka 129, 16500 Prague, Czech Republic
| | - Vijay Chandan
- Department of Material Science and Manufacturing Technology, Faculty of Engineering, Czech University of Life Sciences Prague, Kamycka 129, 16500 Prague, Czech Republic
| | - Shabnam Nazari
- Department of Sustainable Technologies, Faculty of Tropical AgriSciences, Czech University of Life Sciences Prague, Kamycka 129, 16500 Prague, Czech Republic
| | - Tatiana Alexiou Ivanova
- Department of Sustainable Technologies, Faculty of Tropical AgriSciences, Czech University of Life Sciences Prague, Kamycka 129, 16500 Prague, Czech Republic
| | - Naseer Ahamad
- School of Sciences, National Textile University, Faisalabad 37610, Pakistan
| | - Sharjeel Ahmed
- School of Materials Science and Engineering, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei 230026, China
| | - Michal Petru
- Department of Machine Parts and Mechanism, Faculty of Mechanical Engineering, Technical University of Liberec, 46001 Liberec, Czech Republic
| | - Lubos Kučera
- Centre of Transport Technology Components, Faculty of Mechanical engineering, University of Zilina, Univerzitná 8215/1, 010 26 Žilina, Slovakia
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Li NW, Yick KL, Yu A, Ning S. Mechanical and Thermal Behaviours of Weft-Knitted Spacer Fabric Structure with Inlays for Insole Applications. Polymers (Basel) 2022; 14:619. [PMID: 35160608 PMCID: PMC8838024 DOI: 10.3390/polym14030619] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/14/2022] [Revised: 01/31/2022] [Accepted: 02/01/2022] [Indexed: 02/04/2023] Open
Abstract
Insoles provide resistance to ground reaction forces and comfort during walking. In this study, a novel weft-knitted spacer fabric structure with inlays for insoles is proposed which not only absorbs shock and resists pressure, but also allows heat dissipation for enhanced thermal comfort. The results show that the inlay density and spacer yarn increase compression resistance and reduce impact forces. The increased spacer yarn density provides better air permeability but reduces thermal resistance, while a lower inlay density with a random orientation reduces the evaporative resistance. The proposed structure has significantly positive implications for insole applications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nga-Wun Li
- Laboratory for Artificial Intelligence in Design, Hong Kong, China;
| | - Kit-Lun Yick
- Laboratory for Artificial Intelligence in Design, Hong Kong, China;
- Institute of Textiles and Clothing, The Hong Kong Polytechnic University, Hong Kong, China;
| | - Annie Yu
- Department of Advanced Fibro Science, Kyoto Institute of Technology, Kyoto 606-8585, Japan;
| | - Sen Ning
- Institute of Textiles and Clothing, The Hong Kong Polytechnic University, Hong Kong, China;
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