1
|
Wang Z, Wang J, Guo J, Dove A, Arfanakis K, Qi X, Bennett DA, Xu W. Association of Motor Function With Cognitive Trajectories and Structural Brain Differences: A Community-Based Cohort Study. Neurology 2023; 101:e1718-e1728. [PMID: 37657942 PMCID: PMC10624482 DOI: 10.1212/wnl.0000000000207745] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/02/2023] [Accepted: 06/20/2023] [Indexed: 09/03/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND AND OBJECTIVES The association of motor function with cognitive health remains controversial, and the mechanisms underlying this relationship are unclear. We aimed to examine the association between motor function and long-term cognitive trajectories and further explore the underlying mechanisms using brain MRI. METHODS In the Rush Memory and Aging Project, a prospective cohort study, a total of 2,192 volunteers were recruited from the communities in northeastern Illinois and followed up for up to 22 years (from 1997 to 2020). Individuals with dementia, disability, missing data on motor function at baseline, and missing follow-up data on cognitive function were excluded. At baseline, global motor function was evaluated using the averaged z scores of 10 motor tests covering dexterity, gait, and hand strength; the composite score was tertiled as low, moderate, or high. Global and domain-specific cognitive functions-including episodic memory, semantic memory, working memory, visuospatial ability, and perceptual speed-were measured annually through 19 cognitive tests. A subsample (n = 401) underwent brain MRI scans and regional brain volumes were measured. Data were analyzed using linear mixed-effects models and linear regression. RESULTS Among the 1,618 participants (mean age 79.45 ± 7.32 years) included in this study, baseline global motor function score ranged from 0.36 to 1.82 (mean 1.03 ± 0.22). Over the follow-up (median 6.03 years, interquartile range 3.00-10.01 years), low global motor function and its subcomponents were related to significantly faster declines in global cognitive function (β = -0.005, 95% CI -0.006 to -0.005) and each of the 5 cognitive domains. Of the 344 participants with available MRI data, low motor function was also associated with smaller total brain (β = -25.848, 95% CI -44.902 to -6.795), total white matter (β = -18.252, 95% CI -33.277 to -3.226), and cortical white matter (β = -17.503, 95% CI -32.215 to -2.792) volumes, but a larger volume of white matter hyperintensities (β = 0.257, 95% CI 0.118-0.397). DISCUSSION Low motor function is associated with an accelerated decline in global and domain-specific cognitive functions. Both neurodegenerative and cerebrovascular pathologies might contribute to this association.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Zhangyu Wang
- From the Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics (Z.W., J.W., X.Q., W.X.), School of Public Health, Tianjin Medical University, China; Aging Research Center, Department of Neurobiology (J.G., A.D., W.X.), Care Sciences and Society, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden; Rush Alzheimer's Disease Center (K.A., D.A.B.), Rush University Medical Center, Chicago, IL; and Department of Biomedical Engineering (K.A.), Illinois Institute of Technology, Chicago
| | - Jiao Wang
- From the Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics (Z.W., J.W., X.Q., W.X.), School of Public Health, Tianjin Medical University, China; Aging Research Center, Department of Neurobiology (J.G., A.D., W.X.), Care Sciences and Society, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden; Rush Alzheimer's Disease Center (K.A., D.A.B.), Rush University Medical Center, Chicago, IL; and Department of Biomedical Engineering (K.A.), Illinois Institute of Technology, Chicago
| | - Jie Guo
- From the Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics (Z.W., J.W., X.Q., W.X.), School of Public Health, Tianjin Medical University, China; Aging Research Center, Department of Neurobiology (J.G., A.D., W.X.), Care Sciences and Society, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden; Rush Alzheimer's Disease Center (K.A., D.A.B.), Rush University Medical Center, Chicago, IL; and Department of Biomedical Engineering (K.A.), Illinois Institute of Technology, Chicago
| | - Abigail Dove
- From the Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics (Z.W., J.W., X.Q., W.X.), School of Public Health, Tianjin Medical University, China; Aging Research Center, Department of Neurobiology (J.G., A.D., W.X.), Care Sciences and Society, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden; Rush Alzheimer's Disease Center (K.A., D.A.B.), Rush University Medical Center, Chicago, IL; and Department of Biomedical Engineering (K.A.), Illinois Institute of Technology, Chicago
| | - Konstantinos Arfanakis
- From the Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics (Z.W., J.W., X.Q., W.X.), School of Public Health, Tianjin Medical University, China; Aging Research Center, Department of Neurobiology (J.G., A.D., W.X.), Care Sciences and Society, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden; Rush Alzheimer's Disease Center (K.A., D.A.B.), Rush University Medical Center, Chicago, IL; and Department of Biomedical Engineering (K.A.), Illinois Institute of Technology, Chicago
| | - Xiuying Qi
- From the Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics (Z.W., J.W., X.Q., W.X.), School of Public Health, Tianjin Medical University, China; Aging Research Center, Department of Neurobiology (J.G., A.D., W.X.), Care Sciences and Society, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden; Rush Alzheimer's Disease Center (K.A., D.A.B.), Rush University Medical Center, Chicago, IL; and Department of Biomedical Engineering (K.A.), Illinois Institute of Technology, Chicago
| | - David A Bennett
- From the Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics (Z.W., J.W., X.Q., W.X.), School of Public Health, Tianjin Medical University, China; Aging Research Center, Department of Neurobiology (J.G., A.D., W.X.), Care Sciences and Society, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden; Rush Alzheimer's Disease Center (K.A., D.A.B.), Rush University Medical Center, Chicago, IL; and Department of Biomedical Engineering (K.A.), Illinois Institute of Technology, Chicago
| | - Weili Xu
- From the Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics (Z.W., J.W., X.Q., W.X.), School of Public Health, Tianjin Medical University, China; Aging Research Center, Department of Neurobiology (J.G., A.D., W.X.), Care Sciences and Society, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden; Rush Alzheimer's Disease Center (K.A., D.A.B.), Rush University Medical Center, Chicago, IL; and Department of Biomedical Engineering (K.A.), Illinois Institute of Technology, Chicago.
| |
Collapse
|
2
|
Nakagawa K, Kanai S, Kitakaze S, Okamura H. Combining Physical and Cognitive Functions to Discriminate Level of Gait Independence in Hospitalized Patients with Alzheimer's Disease. Dement Geriatr Cogn Disord 2023; 52:232-239. [PMID: 37315546 DOI: 10.1159/000531516] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/08/2023] [Accepted: 06/08/2023] [Indexed: 06/16/2023] Open
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Both physical and cognitive functions are required to be assessed to determine the level of gait independence in patients with Alzheimer's disease (AD); nonetheless, a method to achieve this assessment has not been established. This study aimed to investigate the accuracy of an assessment method that combined muscle strength, balance ability, and cognitive function parameters in discriminating the level of gait independence in a real-world setting in hospitalized patients with AD. METHODS In this cross-sectional study, 63 patients with AD (mean age: 86.1 ± 5.8 years) were classified into three groups according to their gait level: independent, modified independent (independent walking with walking aids), and dependent groups. Discrimination accuracy was calculated for single items of muscle strength, balance ability, and cognitive function tests and for combinations of each. RESULTS The combined accuracy of muscle strength, balance ability, and cognitive function had a positive predictive value of 100.0% and a negative predictive value of 67.7% between the independent and modified independent groups. The positive and negative predictive values were 100.0% and 72.4%, respectively, between the modified independent and dependent groups. CONCLUSION This study emphasizes the importance of assessing the level of gait independence in a real-world setting in patients with AD from the perspective of both physical and cognitive functions and proposes a novel method for discriminating an optimal state.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Keita Nakagawa
- Graduate School of Biomedical and Health Sciences, Hiroshima University, Hiroshima, Japan
- Department of Rehabilitation, Faculty of Health Sciences, Hiroshima Cosmopolitan University, Hiroshima, Japan
| | - Shusaku Kanai
- Department of Physical Therapy, Faculty of Health and Welfare, Prefectural University of Hiroshima, Hiroshima, Japan
| | - Sosuke Kitakaze
- Department of Rehabilitation, Maple-Hill Hospital, Hiroshima, Japan
| | - Hitoshi Okamura
- Graduate School of Biomedical and Health Sciences, Hiroshima University, Hiroshima, Japan
| |
Collapse
|
3
|
Haddad SMH, Pieruccini-Faria F, Montero-Odasso M, Bartha R. Localized White Matter Tract Integrity Measured by Diffusion Tensor Imaging Is Altered in People with Mild Cognitive Impairment and Associated with Dual-Task and Single-Task Gait Speed. J Alzheimers Dis 2023; 92:1367-1384. [PMID: 36911933 DOI: 10.3233/jad-220476] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 03/12/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Altered white matter (WM) tract integrity may contribute to mild cognitive impairment (MCI) and gait abnormalities. OBJECTIVE The purpose of this study was to determine whether diffusion tensor imaging (DTI) metrics were altered in specific portions of WM tracts in people with MCI and to determine whether gait speed variations were associated with the specific DTI metric changes. METHODS DTI was acquired in 44 people with MCI and 40 cognitively normal elderly controls (CNCs). Fractional anisotropy (FA) and radial diffusivity (RD) were measured along 18 major brain WM tracts using probabilistic tractography. The average FA and RD along the tracts were compared between the groups using MANCOVA and post-hoc tests. The tracts with FA or RD differences between the groups were examined using an along-tract exploratory analysis to identify locations that differed between the groups. Associations between FA and RD in whole tracts and in the segments of the tracts that differed between the groups and usual/dual-task gait velocities and gross cognition were examined. RESULTS Lower FA and higher RD was observed in right cingulum-cingulate gyrus endings (rh.ccg) of the MCI group compared to the CNC group. These changes were localized to the posterior portions of the rh.ccg and correlated with gait velocities. CONCLUSION Lower FA and higher RD in the posterior portion of the rh.ccg adjacent to the posterior cingulate suggests decreased microstructural integrity in the MCI group. The correlation of these metrics with gait velocities suggests an important role for this tract in maintaining normal cognitive-motor function.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Seyyed M H Haddad
- Centre for Functional and Metabolic Mapping, Robarts Research Institute, University of Western Ontario, London, Canada
| | - Frederico Pieruccini-Faria
- Department of Medicine, Division of Geriatric Medicine, Schulich School of Medicine and Dentistry, University of Western Ontario, London, Canada.,Gait and Brain Lab, Parkwood Institute, Lawson Health Research Institute, London, Canada
| | - Manuel Montero-Odasso
- Department of Medicine, Division of Geriatric Medicine, Schulich School of Medicine and Dentistry, University of Western Ontario, London, Canada.,Gait and Brain Lab, Parkwood Institute, Lawson Health Research Institute, London, Canada.,Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, Schulich School of Medicine and Dentistry, The University of Western Ontario, London, Canada
| | - Robert Bartha
- Centre for Functional and Metabolic Mapping, Robarts Research Institute, University of Western Ontario, London, Canada.,Department of Medical Biophysics, Schulich School of Medicine and Dentistry, University of Western Ontario, London, Canada
| |
Collapse
|
4
|
Xiao H, Fangfang H, Qiong W, Shuai Z, Jingya Z, Xu L, Guodong S, Yan Z. The Value of Handgrip Strength and Self-Rated Squat Ability in Predicting Mild Cognitive Impairment: Development and Validation of a Prediction Model. INQUIRY : A JOURNAL OF MEDICAL CARE ORGANIZATION, PROVISION AND FINANCING 2023; 60:469580231155295. [PMID: 36760102 PMCID: PMC9926366 DOI: 10.1177/00469580231155295] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/11/2023]
Abstract
Early identification of individuals with mild cognitive impairment (MCI) is essential to combat worldwide dementia threats. Physical function indicators might be low-cost early markers for cognitive decline. To establish an early identification tool for MCI by combining physical function indicators (upper and lower limb function) via a clinical prediction modeling strategy. A total of 5393 participants aged 60 or older were included in the model. The variables selected for the model included sociodemographic characteristics, behavioral factors, mental status and chronic conditions, upper limb function (handgrip strength), and lower limb function (self-rated squat ability). Two models were developed to test the predictive value of handgrip strength (Model 1) or self-rated squat ability (Model 2) separately, and Model 3 was developed by combining handgrip strength and self-rated squat ability. The 3 models all yielded good discrimination performance (area under the curve values ranged from 0.719 to 0.732). The estimated net reclassification improvement values were 0.3279 and 0.1862 in Model 3 when comparing Model 3 to Model 1 and Model 2, respectively. The integrated discrimination improvement values were estimated as 0.0139 and 0.0128 when comparing Model 3 with Model 1 and Model 2, respectively. The model that contains both upper and lower limb function has better performance in predicting MCI. The final prediction model is expected to assist health workers in early identification of MCI, thus supporting early interventions to reduce future risk of AD, particularly in socioeconomically deprived communities.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Han Xiao
- Anhui Medical University, Hefei, P.R. China
| | | | - Wang Qiong
- Anhui Medical University, Hefei, P.R. China
| | - Zhou Shuai
- Anhui Medical University, Hefei, P.R. China
| | | | - Lou Xu
- Anhui Professional & Technical Institute of Athletics, Hefei, P.R. China
| | - Shen Guodong
- University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei, P.R. China
| | - Zhang Yan
- Anhui Medical University, Hefei, P.R. China,Zhang Yan, School of Health Service Management, Anhui Medical University, 81 Meishan Road, Shushan District, Hefei 230032, P.R. China.
| |
Collapse
|
5
|
Montero-Odasso M. Are falls a manifestation of brain failure? Revisited 40 years later. Age Ageing 2023; 52:afac321. [PMID: 36626324 PMCID: PMC9831260 DOI: 10.1093/ageing/afac321] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/24/2022] [Indexed: 01/11/2023] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Manuel Montero-Odasso
- Departments of Medicine (Geriatric Medicine), and Epidemiology and Biostatistics, Schulich School of Medicine & Dentistry, University of Western Ontario, London, ON, Canada
- Gait and Brain Lab, Parkwood Institute, Lawson Health Research Institute, London, ON, Canada
| |
Collapse
|
6
|
Zheng Y, Lang S, Liang J, Jiang Y, Zhao B, Chen H, Huang D, Li Q, Liu H, Chen S, Yilifate A, Xu F, Ou H, Lin Q. Effects of motor-cognitive interaction based on dual-task gait analysis recognition in middle age to aging people with normal cognition and mild cognitive impairment. Front Aging Neurosci 2022; 14:969822. [PMID: 36268186 PMCID: PMC9577255 DOI: 10.3389/fnagi.2022.969822] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/15/2022] [Accepted: 08/15/2022] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Mild cognitive impairment (MCI) is considered a transitional stage between cognitive normality and dementia among the elderly, and its associated risk of developing Alzheimer's disease (AD) is 10-15 times higher than that of the general population. MCI is an important threshold for the prevention and control of AD, and intervention in the MCI stage may be the most effective strategy to delay the occurrence of AD. Materials and methods In this study, 68 subjects who met the inclusion criteria were divided into an MCI group (38 subjects) and normal elderly (NE) group (30 subjects). Both groups underwent clinical function assessments (cognitive function, walking function, and activities of daily living) and dual-task three-dimensional gait analysis (walking motor task and walking calculation task). Spatial-temporal parameters were obtained and reduced by principal component analysis, and the key biomechanical indexes were selected. The dual-task cost (DTC) was calculated for intra-group (task factor) and inter-group (group factor) comparisons. Results The results of the principal component analysis showed that the cadence parameter had the highest weight in all three walking tasks. In addition, there were significant differences in the cadence both walking motor task (WMT) vs. walking task (WT) and walking calculation task (WCT) vs. WT in the MCI group. The cadence in the NE group only showed a significant difference between WMT and WT. The only differences between the MCI group and NE group was DTC cadence in WCT, and no differences were found for cadence in any of the three walking tasks. Conclusion The results show that dual tasks based on cognitive-motor gait analysis of DTCcadence in MCI have potential value for application in early identification and provide theoretical support to improve the clinical diagnosis of MCI.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Yuxin Zheng
- Department of Rehabilitation, The Fifth Affiliated Hospital of Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou, China
- Department of Rehabilitation, Fifth Clinical College, Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Shijuan Lang
- Department of Rehabilitation, The Fifth Affiliated Hospital of Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou, China
- Department of Rehabilitation, Fifth Clinical College, Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Junjie Liang
- Department of Rehabilitation, The Fifth Affiliated Hospital of Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou, China
- Department of Rehabilitation, Fifth Clinical College, Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Yongchun Jiang
- Department of Rehabilitation, The Fifth Affiliated Hospital of Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou, China
- Department of Rehabilitation, Fifth Clinical College, Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Biyi Zhao
- Department of Rehabilitation, The Fifth Affiliated Hospital of Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou, China
- Department of Rehabilitation, Fifth Clinical College, Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Hongxin Chen
- Department of Rehabilitation, The Fifth Affiliated Hospital of Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou, China
- Department of Rehabilitation, Fifth Clinical College, Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Dongqing Huang
- Health Science Center, Shenzhen University, Shenzhen, China
| | - Qinyi Li
- Department of Rehabilitation, Fifth Clinical College, Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou, China
- Department of Rehabilitation, Zhanjiang Central Hospital, Guangdong Medical University, Zhanjiang, China
| | - Huijin Liu
- Department of Rehabilitation, Fifth Clinical College, Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou, China
- Department of Physiology and Pathophysiology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China
| | - Shudi Chen
- Department of Rehabilitation, The Fifth Affiliated Hospital of Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou, China
- Department of Rehabilitation, Fifth Clinical College, Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Anniwaer Yilifate
- Department of Rehabilitation, The Fifth Affiliated Hospital of Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou, China
- Department of Rehabilitation, Fifth Clinical College, Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Fangqiu Xu
- Department of Clinical Medicine, Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Haining Ou
- Department of Rehabilitation, The Fifth Affiliated Hospital of Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou, China
- Department of Rehabilitation, Fifth Clinical College, Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou, China
- Key Laboratory of Biological Targeting Diagnosis, Therapy and Rehabilitation of Guangdong Higher Education Institutes, The Fifth Affiliated Hospital of Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Qiang Lin
- Department of Rehabilitation, The Fifth Affiliated Hospital of Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou, China
- Department of Rehabilitation, Fifth Clinical College, Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou, China
- Key Laboratory of Biological Targeting Diagnosis, Therapy and Rehabilitation of Guangdong Higher Education Institutes, The Fifth Affiliated Hospital of Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou, China
| |
Collapse
|
7
|
Ng TP, Lee TS, Lim WS, Chong MS, Yap P, Cheong CY, Rawtaer I, Liew TM, Gwee X, Gao Q, Yap KB. Functional mobility decline and incident mild cognitive impairment and early dementia in community-dwelling older adults: the Singapore Longitudinal Ageing Study. Age Ageing 2022; 51:6691371. [PMID: 36074716 DOI: 10.1093/ageing/afac182] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/21/2021] [Revised: 05/23/2022] [Indexed: 01/27/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Motor and gait disturbances are evident in early Alzheimer and non-Alzheimer dementias and may predict the likelihood of mild cognitive impairment (MCI) or progression to dementia. OBJECTIVE We investigated the Timed-Up-and-Go (TUG) measure of functional mobility in predicting cognitive decline and incident MCI or early dementia (MCI-dementia). DESIGN Prospective cohort study with 4.5 years follow-up. SETTING Population based. PARTICIPANTS 2,544 community-dwelling older adults aged 55+ years. METHODS Participants with baseline data on TUG, fast gait speed (GS), knee extension strength (KES) and performance-oriented mobility assessment (POMA) gait and balance were followed up for cognitive decline (Mini-Mental State Exam; MMSE drop of ≥2, among 1,336 dementia-free participants) and incident MCI-dementia (among 1,208 cognitively normal participants). Odds ratio (OR) and 95% confidence intervals (95% CI) were adjusted for age, sex, education, smoking, physical, social and productive activity, multi-morbidity, metabolic syndrome and MMSE. RESULTS Per standard deviation increase in TUG, POMA, GS and KES were significantly associated with incident MCI-dementia: TUG (OR = 2.84, 95% CI = 2.02-3.99), GS (OR = 2.17, 95% CI = 1.62-2.91), POMA (OR = 1.88, 95% CI = 1.22-2.92) and KES (OR = 1.52, 95% CI = 1.15-2.02). Adjusted OR remained significant only for TUG (OR = 1.52, 95% CI = 1.01-2.31) and GS (OR = 1.53, 95% CI = 1.08-2.16). Areas under the curve (AUC) for TUG (AUC = 0.729, 95% CI = 0.671-0.787) were significantly greater than GS (AUC = 0.683, 95% CI = 0.619-0.746), KES (AUC = 0.624, 95% CI = 0.558-0.689) and POMA (AUC = 0.561, 95% CI = 0.485-0.637). Similar associations with cognitive decline were significant though less pronounced, and adjusted ORs remained significant for TUG, GS and POMA. CONCLUSION Functional mobility decline precedes incident MCI and early dementia. The TUG appears to be especially accurate in predicting the future risks of adverse cognitive outcomes. TRIAL REGISTRATION ClinicalTrials.gov NCT03405675. Registered 23 January 2018 (retrospectively registered).
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Tze Pin Ng
- Gerontology Research Programme, Department of Psychological Medicine, Yong Loo Lin School of Medicine, National University of Singapore, Singapore.,Geriatric Education and Research Institute, Singapore
| | - Tih Shih Lee
- Neuroscience and Behavioural Disorders Program, Duke-NUS Medical School, Singapore
| | - Wee Shiong Lim
- Institute of Geriatrics and Active Aging, Tan Tock Seng Hospital; Lee Kong Chian School of Medicine, Nanyang Technological University, Singapore
| | | | - Philip Yap
- Department of Geriatric Medicine, Khoo Teck Puat Hospital, Singapore
| | - Chin Yee Cheong
- Department of Geriatric Medicine, Khoo Teck Puat Hospital, Singapore
| | - Iris Rawtaer
- Department of Psychiatry, Sengkang General Hospital, Singapore
| | - Tau Ming Liew
- Department of Psychiatry, Singapore General Hospital, Singapore
| | - Xinyi Gwee
- Gerontology Research Programme, Department of Psychological Medicine, Yong Loo Lin School of Medicine, National University of Singapore, Singapore
| | - Qi Gao
- Department of Clinical Epidemiology, Tan Tock Seng Hospital, Singapore
| | - Keng Bee Yap
- Department of Medicine, Ng Teng Fong General Hospital, Singapore
| |
Collapse
|
8
|
Oh C. Single-Task or Dual-Task? Gait Assessment as a Potential Diagnostic Tool for Alzheimer's Dementia. J Alzheimers Dis 2021; 84:1183-1192. [PMID: 34633320 PMCID: PMC8673517 DOI: 10.3233/jad-210690] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/30/2022]
Abstract
Background: A person’s gait performance requires the integration of sensorimotor and cognitive systems. Therefore, a person’s gait may be influenced by concurrent cognitive load such as simultaneous talking. Although it has been known that gait performance of people with Alzheimer’s dementia (AD) is compromised when they attempt a dual-task walking task, it is unclear if using a dual-task gait performance during an AD assessment yields higher diagnostic accuracy. Objective: This study was designed to compare the predictive power for AD of dual-task gait performance in an AD assessment to that of single-task gait performance. Methods: Participants (14 with AD and 15 healthy controls) walked across the GAITRite© Portable Walkway mat under three different cognitive load conditions: no simultaneous cognitive load, walking while counting numbers by ones, and walking while completing category naming. Results: Multiple logistic regression revealed that the gait performance under a dual-task condition (i.e., concurrent counting or category naming) increased the proportion of variance explained by the FAP, SL, and DST, of the incidence of AD. Conclusion: Dual-task walking and talking may be a more effective diagnostic feature than single-task walking in a comprehensive AD diagnostic assessment.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Chorong Oh
- School of Rehabilitation and Communication Sciences, Ohio University, Athens, OH, USA
| |
Collapse
|
9
|
Sergeev K, Runnova A, Zhuravlev M, Kolokolov O, Akimova N, Kiselev A, Titova A, Slepnev A, Semenova N, Penzel T. Wavelet skeletons in sleep EEG-monitoring as biomarkers of early diagnostics of mild cognitive impairment. CHAOS (WOODBURY, N.Y.) 2021; 31:073110. [PMID: 34340349 DOI: 10.1063/5.0055441] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/29/2021] [Accepted: 06/15/2021] [Indexed: 06/13/2023]
Abstract
Many neuro-degenerative diseases are difficult to diagnose in their early stages. For example, early diagnosis of Mild Cognitive Impairment (MCI) requires a wide variety of tests to distinguish MCI symptoms and normal consequences of aging. In this article, we use the wavelet-skeleton approach to find some characteristic patterns in the electroencephalograms (EEGs) of healthy adult patients and patients with cognitive dysfunctions. We analyze the EEG activity recorded during natural sleep of 11 elderly patients aged between 60 and 75, six of whom have mild cognitive impairment, and apply a nonlinear analysis method based on continuous wavelet transformskeletons. Our studies show that a comprehensive analysis of EEG signals of the entire sleep state allows us to identify a significant decrease in the average duration of oscillatory patterns in the frequency band [12; 14] Hz in the presence of mild cognitive impairment. Thus, the changes in this frequency range can be interpreted as related to the activity in the motor cortex, as a candidate for developing the criteria for early objective MCI.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Konstantin Sergeev
- Saratov State University, Astrakhanskaya Str., 83, Saratov 410012, Russia
| | - Anastasiya Runnova
- Saratov State University, Astrakhanskaya Str., 83, Saratov 410012, Russia
| | - Maksim Zhuravlev
- Saratov State University, Astrakhanskaya Str., 83, Saratov 410012, Russia
| | - Oleg Kolokolov
- Saratov State Medical University, B. Kazachaya Str., 112, Saratov 410012, Russia
| | - Nataliya Akimova
- Saratov State Medical University, B. Kazachaya Str., 112, Saratov 410012, Russia
| | - Anton Kiselev
- Saratov State Medical University, B. Kazachaya Str., 112, Saratov 410012, Russia
| | - Anastasiya Titova
- Saratov State Medical University, B. Kazachaya Str., 112, Saratov 410012, Russia
| | - Andrei Slepnev
- Saratov State University, Astrakhanskaya Str., 83, Saratov 410012, Russia
| | - Nadezhda Semenova
- Saratov State University, Astrakhanskaya Str., 83, Saratov 410012, Russia
| | - Thomas Penzel
- Saratov State University, Astrakhanskaya Str., 83, Saratov 410012, Russia
| |
Collapse
|
10
|
Schramm S, Schliephake L, Himpfen H, Caspers S, Erbel R, Jöckel KH, Moebus S. Vitamin D and white matter hyperintensities: results of the population-based Heinz Nixdorf Recall Study and 1000BRAINS. Eur J Neurol 2021; 28:1849-1858. [PMID: 33686727 DOI: 10.1111/ene.14810] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/03/2021] [Revised: 03/05/2021] [Accepted: 03/05/2021] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND AND PURPOSE Cross-sectional studies showed an inverse association between serum 25-hydroxyvitamin D (25OHD) and white matter hyperintensities (WMHs) whereas the few longitudinal studies did not. The association between baseline 25OHD and WMHs at 10-year follow-up in the Heinz Nixdorf Recall Study plus 1000BRAINS was investigated. METHODS Data of 505 participants (49% women, 56.2 ± 6.6 years) with 25OHD at baseline (2000-2003) and WMH volume and grade of WMHs using the Fazekas classification at 10-year follow-up were analysed. The association between deseasonalized 25OHD and the base-10 logarithm of WMH volume was evaluated by multiple linear regression, adjusted for age, sex, education, smoking, alcohol consumption, sports, diabetes mellitus, systolic blood pressure and total cholesterol. β-estimators were transformed back (10β ). Using multiple logistic regression, odds ratios (ORs) and 95% confidence intervals (95% CI) were calculated to evaluate the association between deseasonalized 25OHD and Fazekas grades (0, absence and 1, punctate foci vs. 2, beginning and 3, large confluence). RESULTS Mean 25OHD was 17.0 ± 8.2 ng/ml, and mean deseasonalized 25OHD was 16.9 ± 7.5 ng/ml. Mean WMH volume was 16.6 ± 17.4 ml, range 1-132 ml. Most grade 2-3 WMHs were found to be periventricular (39% of the participants), parietal (32%) and frontal (31%) (temporal 6%, occipital 3%). The linear regression showed an inverse association between 25OHD and WMH volume. On average, a 25OHD increase of 1 ng/ml was associated with a reduced WMH volume by a factor of 0.99 (95% CI 0.98; 1.00) (fully adjusted). There was also some indication for an inverse association between 25OHD and extent of periventricular (OR 0.98 [95% CI 0.96; 1.01]), frontal (0.99 [0.97; 1.02]) and parietal (0.98 [0.95; 1.00]) WMHs according to the Fazekas classification. CONCLUSIONS Lower 25OHD may be a risk factor for the occurrence of WMHs.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Sara Schramm
- Institute for Medical Informatics, Biometry and Epidemiology, University Hospital of University Duisburg-Essen, Essen, Germany
| | - Lea Schliephake
- Institute for Medical Informatics, Biometry and Epidemiology, University Hospital of University Duisburg-Essen, Essen, Germany
| | - Heiko Himpfen
- Institute for Medical Informatics, Biometry and Epidemiology, University Hospital of University Duisburg-Essen, Essen, Germany.,Department of Cardiology, Gastroenterology and Intensive-Care Medicine, Alfried Krupp Krankenhaus Essen, Essen, Germany
| | - Svenja Caspers
- Institute for Anatomy I, Heinrich Heine University Düsseldorf, Düsseldorf, Germany.,Institute of Neuroscience and Medicine (INM-1), Research Center Jülich, Jülich, Germany
| | - Raimund Erbel
- Institute for Medical Informatics, Biometry and Epidemiology, University Hospital of University Duisburg-Essen, Essen, Germany
| | - Karl-Heinz Jöckel
- Institute for Medical Informatics, Biometry and Epidemiology, University Hospital of University Duisburg-Essen, Essen, Germany
| | - Susanne Moebus
- Institute for Urban Public Health, University Hospital of University Duisburg-Essen, Essen, Germany
| |
Collapse
|
11
|
Montero-Odasso M, Perry G. Gait Disorders in Alzheimer's Disease and Other Dementias: There is Something in the Way You Walk. J Alzheimers Dis 2020; 71:S1-S4. [PMID: 31476163 DOI: 10.3233/jad-190790] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/15/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Manuel Montero-Odasso
- Departments of Medicine (Geriatric Medicine), and Epidemiology and Biostatistics, Schulich School of Medicine & Dentistry, University of Western Ontario, London, ON, Canada.,Gait and Brain Lab, Parkwood Institute, Lawson Health Research Institute, London, ON, Canada
| | - George Perry
- Department of Biology and UTSA Neuroscience Institute, University of Texas, San Antonio, Texas, USA
| |
Collapse
|
12
|
Cheng Q, Wu M, Wu Y, Hu Y, Kwapong WR, Shi X, Fan Y, Yu X, He J, Wang Z. Weaker Braking Force, A New Marker of Worse Gait Stability in Alzheimer Disease. Front Aging Neurosci 2020; 12:554168. [PMID: 33024432 PMCID: PMC7516124 DOI: 10.3389/fnagi.2020.554168] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/21/2020] [Accepted: 08/14/2020] [Indexed: 11/30/2022] Open
Abstract
Background: Braking force is a gait marker associated with gait stability. This study aimed to determine the alteration of braking force and its correlation with gait stability in Alzheimer disease (AD). Methods: A total of 32 AD patients and 32 healthy controls (HCs) were enrolled in this study. Gait parameters (braking force, gait variability, and fall risk) in the walking tests of Free walk, Barrier, and Count backward were measured by JiBuEn® gait analysis system. Gait variability was calculated by the coefficient of variation (COV) of stride time, stance time, and swing time. Results: The braking force of AD was significantly weaker than HCs in three walking tests (P < 0.001, P < 0.001, P = 0.007). Gait variability of AD showed significant elevation than HCs in the walking of Count backward (COVstride: P = 0.013; COVswing: P = 0.006). Fall risk of AD was significantly higher than HCs in three walking tests (P = 0.001, P = 0.001, P = 0.001). Braking force was negatively associated with fall risks in three walking tests (P < 0.001, P < 0.001, P < 0.001). There were significant negative correlations between braking force and gait variability in the walking of Free walk (COVstride: P = 0.018; COVswing: P = 0.013) and Barrier (COVstride: P = 0.002; COVswing: P = 0.001), but not Count backward (COVstride: P = 0.888; COVswing: P = 0.555). Conclusion: Braking force was weaker in AD compared to HCs, reflecting the worse gait stability of AD. Our study suggests that weakening of braking force may be a new gait marker to indicate cognitive and motor impairment and predict fall risk in AD.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Qianqian Cheng
- School of Mental Health, Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, China
| | - Mengxuan Wu
- School of Mental Health, Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, China
| | - Yuemin Wu
- Department of Neurology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, China
| | - Yaoyao Hu
- Department of Neurology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, China
| | | | - Xiang Shi
- School of Mental Health, Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, China
| | - Yinying Fan
- Wenzhou Yining Geriatric Hospital, Wenzhou, China
| | - Xin Yu
- School of Mental Health, Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, China
| | - Jincai He
- Department of Neurology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, China
| | - Zhen Wang
- Department of Neurology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, China
| |
Collapse
|
13
|
Noh B, Youm C, Lee M, Park H. Age-specific differences in gait domains and global cognitive function in older women: gait characteristics based on gait speed modification. PeerJ 2020; 8:e8820. [PMID: 32211246 PMCID: PMC7081786 DOI: 10.7717/peerj.8820] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/29/2019] [Accepted: 02/28/2020] [Indexed: 01/14/2023] Open
Abstract
Background Several studies have reported the association between gait and global cognitive function; however, there is no study explaining the age-specific gait characteristics of older women and association between those characteristics and global cognitive function by age-specific differences and gait speed modification. The aim of this study was to examine age-specific differences in gait characteristics and global cognitive function in older women as well as identify gait domains strongly associated with global cognitive function in older women based on gait speed modification. Methods One hundred sixty-four female participants aged 65–85 years were examined. Participants were assessed for global cognitive function through the mini-mental state examination. They also performed three trials of the overground walking test along a straight 20 m walkway. Inertial measurement unit sensors with shoe-type data loggers on both the left and right outsoles were used to measure gait characteristics. Results The pace at all speeds and the variability and phase at faster speeds were altered in women aged >75 years (all pace domain parameters, p < 0.05); variability and phase highly depended on age (all p < 0.05). Variability at slower speeds (β = −0.568 and p = 0.006) and the phase at the preferred (β = −0.471 and p = 0.005) and faster speeds (β = −0.494 and p = 0.005) were associated with global cognitive function in women aged >75 years. Discussion The variability and phase domains at faster speeds were considered to identify gait changes that accompany aging. In addition, the decreases in global cognitive function are associated with increased variability and phase domains caused by changes in gait speed in older women. Conclusion Our results are considered useful for understanding age-related gait characteristics with global cognitive function in old women.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Byungjoo Noh
- Department of Health Care and Science, College of Health Sciences, Dong-A University, Busan, Republic of Korea
| | - Changhong Youm
- Department of Health Care and Science, College of Health Sciences, Dong-A University, Busan, Republic of Korea.,Biomechanics Laboratory, College of Health Sciences, Dong-A University, Busan, Republic of Korea
| | - Myeounggon Lee
- Biomechanics Laboratory, College of Health Sciences, Dong-A University, Busan, Republic of Korea
| | - Hwayoung Park
- Biomechanics Laboratory, College of Health Sciences, Dong-A University, Busan, Republic of Korea
| |
Collapse
|
14
|
Kalron A, Menascu S, Givon U, Dolev M, Achiron A. Is the walk ratio a window to the cerebellum in multiple sclerosis? A structural magnetic resonance imaging study. Eur J Neurol 2019; 27:454-460. [PMID: 31696586 DOI: 10.1111/ene.14119] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/04/2019] [Accepted: 11/04/2019] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND AND PURPOSE Existing research studies have demonstrated a relationship between magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) neuroimaging measures and walking speed in people with multiple sclerosis (PwMS). However, to date there are no data as to the brain structures involved in gait coordination and control in PwMS. Therefore, the aim of our study was to investigate the association between walk ratio, an indicator of gait coordination, and related brain structures in PwMS. METHODS A brain MRI was performed by a 3.0-T MR scanner in conjunction with a volumetric analysis based on three-dimensional T1-weighted images. Regions of interest were volumes of the hippocampus, amygdala, putamen, caudate, pallidum, thalamus, cerebellum and the corpus callosum regions. Walking speed and walk ratio, defined as step length divided by step rate, was measured whilst walking on an electronic walkway. RESULTS In all, 343 PwMS (41.1 ± 13.4 years, 69.1% female, median Expanded Disability Status Scale 2.5) were included in the study. A significant association was found between the left cerebellum volume and walk ratio after controlling for age, gender, total cranial volume and disability; R2 = 0.379, P = 0.002. A similar association was found between the right cerebellum volume and walk ratio, R2 = 0.364, P = 0.002. No correlations were observed between walk ratio and the thalamus, basal ganglia, hippocampus, amygdala and the corpus callosum volumes. No association was found between walking speed and all brain measures. CONCLUSIONS The walk ratio should be considered when evaluating and assessing PwMS presenting with ataxia. Furthermore, it is also hypothesized that a low walk ratio indicates a lower cerebellum volume in the MS population.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- A Kalron
- Department of Physical Therapy, School of Health Professions, Sackler Faculty of Medicine, Tel-Aviv University, Tel-Aviv, Israel.,Sagol School of Neurosciences, Tel-Aviv University, Tel-Aviv, Israel
| | - S Menascu
- Multiple Sclerosis Center, Sheba Medical Center, Tel Hashomer, Israel
| | - U Givon
- Multiple Sclerosis Center, Sheba Medical Center, Tel Hashomer, Israel
| | - M Dolev
- Multiple Sclerosis Center, Sheba Medical Center, Tel Hashomer, Israel
| | - A Achiron
- Sagol School of Neurosciences, Tel-Aviv University, Tel-Aviv, Israel.,Multiple Sclerosis Center, Sheba Medical Center, Tel Hashomer, Israel.,Sackler Faculty of Medicine, Tel-Aviv University, Tel-Aviv, Israel
| |
Collapse
|
15
|
de Oliveira Silva F, Ferreira JV, Plácido J, Chagas D, Praxedes J, Guimarães C, Batista LA, Marinho V, Laks J, Deslandes AC. Stages of mild cognitive impairment and Alzheimer’s disease can be differentiated by declines in timed up and go test: A systematic review and meta-analysis. Arch Gerontol Geriatr 2019; 85:103941. [DOI: 10.1016/j.archger.2019.103941] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/12/2019] [Revised: 08/07/2019] [Accepted: 08/23/2019] [Indexed: 10/26/2022]
|
16
|
Do Alzheimer's and Lewy body disease have discrete pathological signatures of gait? Alzheimers Dement 2019; 15:1367-1377. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jalz.2019.06.4953] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/13/2019] [Revised: 05/09/2019] [Accepted: 06/12/2019] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
|
17
|
Snir JA, Bartha R, Montero-Odasso M. White matter integrity is associated with gait impairment and falls in mild cognitive impairment. Results from the gait and brain study. NEUROIMAGE-CLINICAL 2019; 24:101975. [PMID: 31421507 PMCID: PMC6706343 DOI: 10.1016/j.nicl.2019.101975] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/24/2018] [Revised: 07/24/2019] [Accepted: 08/05/2019] [Indexed: 01/07/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Mild Cognitive Impairment (MCI) is an intermediate state between normal cognition and dementia that is associated with twice the risk of falls. It is unknown whether white matter integrity (WMI) is associated with increased risk of falls in MCI. The purpose of this study was to evaluate if early changes in WMI were associated with gait impairment and falls. METHODS Forty-three participants with MCI from the Gait and Brain Study underwent standardized assessment of cognition, gait performance under single and dual-task conditions (walking while talking), and WMI using 3 Tesla diffusion tensor imaging (DTI). Macro-structural imaging characteristics (white and grey matter morphology) as well as microstructural WMI parameters were examined for associations with falls and gait performance. Significantly associated WM tracts were then used to test the interplay between WMI and history of falls, after adjusting for other important covariates. RESULTS Multiple WM tracts (corpus callosum, forceps minor, and the left inferior fronto-occipital fasciculus) were significantly associated with history of falls and lower dual-task gait performance. A multivariable regression model showed that fall history was associated with the radial diffusivity in the forceps minor, even after adjusting for education, sex, BMI, MMSE scores, comorbidities, gait velocity and WMH volume as covariates. CONCLUSIONS Multiple WM tracts that are known to be involved in executive and visuospatial functions were preferentially affected in MCI individuals with history of falls. Our preliminary findings support the notion that WMI in key brain regions may increase risk of falls in older adults with MCI.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Jonatan A Snir
- Gait and Brain Lab, Parkwood Institutel, Lawson Health Research Institute, London, Ontario, Canada; The Centre for Functional and Metabolic Mapping, Robarts Research Institute, Departments of Medical Biophysics, Medical Imaging, and Psychiatry, University of Western Ontario, London, Ontario, Canada
| | - Robert Bartha
- The Centre for Functional and Metabolic Mapping, Robarts Research Institute, Departments of Medical Biophysics, Medical Imaging, and Psychiatry, University of Western Ontario, London, Ontario, Canada
| | - Manuel Montero-Odasso
- Gait and Brain Lab, Parkwood Institutel, Lawson Health Research Institute, London, Ontario, Canada; Schulich School of Medicine and Dentistry, Department of Medicine and Division of Geriatric Medicine, London, Ontario, Canada; Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, University of Western Ontario, London, Ontario, Canada.
| |
Collapse
|
18
|
Montero‐Odasso M, Speechley M, Chertkow H, Sarquis‐Adamson Y, Wells J, Borrie M, Vanderhaeghe L, Zou GY, Fraser S, Bherer L, Muir‐Hunter SW. Donepezil for gait and falls in mild cognitive impairment: a randomized controlled trial. Eur J Neurol 2018; 26:651-659. [DOI: 10.1111/ene.13872] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/19/2018] [Accepted: 11/19/2018] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- M. Montero‐Odasso
- Gait and Brain Lab Parkwood Institute and Lawson Health Research Institute University of Western Ontario London ON
- Division of Geriatric Medicine, Department of Medicine Schulich School of Medicine and Dentistry University of Western Ontario London ON
- Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics University of Western Ontario London ON
| | - M. Speechley
- Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics University of Western Ontario London ON
- Schulich Interfaculty Program in Public Health University of Western Ontario London ON
| | - H. Chertkow
- Jewish General Hospital Memory Clinic McGill University Montreal QC
| | - Y. Sarquis‐Adamson
- Gait and Brain Lab Parkwood Institute and Lawson Health Research Institute University of Western Ontario London ON
| | - J. Wells
- Division of Geriatric Medicine, Department of Medicine Schulich School of Medicine and Dentistry University of Western Ontario London ON
| | - M. Borrie
- Division of Geriatric Medicine, Department of Medicine Schulich School of Medicine and Dentistry University of Western Ontario London ON
| | | | - G. Y. Zou
- Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics University of Western Ontario London ON
- Robarts Research Institute London ON
| | - S. Fraser
- Interdisciplinary School of Health Sciences University of Ottawa Ottawa QC
| | - L. Bherer
- Department of Medicine Université de Montréal and Montreal Heart Institute Montreal QC
| | - S. W. Muir‐Hunter
- Gait and Brain Lab Parkwood Institute and Lawson Health Research Institute University of Western Ontario London ON
- School of Physical Therapy University of Western Ontario University of Western Ontario ON Canada
| |
Collapse
|
19
|
Cullen S, Montero-Odasso M, Bherer L, Almeida Q, Fraser S, Muir-Hunter S, Li K, Liu-Ambrose T, McGibbon CA, McIlroy W, Middleton LE, Sarquis-Adamson Y, Beauchet O, McFadyen BJ, Morais JA, Camicioli R. Guidelines for Gait Assessments in the Canadian Consortium on Neurodegeneration in Aging (CCNA). Can Geriatr J 2018; 21:157-165. [PMID: 29977431 PMCID: PMC6028168 DOI: 10.5770/cgj.21.298] [Citation(s) in RCA: 40] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Motor and cognitive impairments are common among older adults and often co-exist, increasing their risk of dementia, falls, and fractures. Gait performance is an accepted indicator of global health and it has been proposed as a valid motor marker to detect older adults at risk of developing mobility and cognitive declines including future falls and incident dementia. Our goal was to provide a gait assessment protocol to be used for clinical and research purposes. Methods Based on a consensus that identified common evaluations to assess motor–cognitive interactions in community-dwelling older individuals, a protocol on how to evaluate gait in older adults for the Canadian Consortium on Neurodegeneration in Aging (CCNA) was developed. Results The CCNA gait assessment includes preferred and fast pace gait, and dual-task gait that comprises walking while performing three cognitively demanding tasks: counting backwards by ones, counting backwards by sevens, and naming animals. This gait protocol can be implemented using an electronic-walkway, as well as by using a regular stopwatch. The latter approach provides a simple manner to evaluate quantitative gait performance in clinics. Conclusions Establishing a standardized gait assessment protocol will help to assess motor–cognitive interactions in aging and neurodegeneration, to compare results across studies, and to feasibly implement and translate gait testing in clinics for detecting impending cognitive and mobility decline.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Stephanie Cullen
- Gait and Brain Lab, Parkwood Institute, Lawson Health Research Institute, London, ON, Canada
| | - Manuel Montero-Odasso
- Gait and Brain Lab, Parkwood Institute, Lawson Health Research Institute, London, ON, Canada.,Schulich School of Medicine and Dentistry, Department of Medicine (Geriatrics) and Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, University of Western Ontario, London, ON, Canada
| | - Louis Bherer
- Department of Medicine, Montreal Heart Institute and Institut Universitaire de Gériatrie de Montréal, University of Montreal, Montreal, QC, Canada
| | - Quincy Almeida
- The Sun Life Financial Movement Disorders Research and Rehabilitation Centre, Wilfrid Laurier University, Waterloo, ON, Canada
| | - Sarah Fraser
- Faculty of Health Sciences, Interdisciplinary School of Health Sciences, University of Ottawa, Ottawa, ON, Canada
| | - Susan Muir-Hunter
- Gait and Brain Lab, Parkwood Institute, Lawson Health Research Institute, London, ON, Canada.,Faculty of Health Sciences, School of Physiotherapy, University of Western Ontario, London, ON, Canada
| | - Karen Li
- Department of Psychology, Concordia University, Montreal, QC, Canada
| | - Teresa Liu-Ambrose
- Aging, Mobility, and Cognitive Neuroscience Lab, Department of Physical Therapy, University of British Columbia, Vancouver Coastal Health Research Institute, Vancouver, BC, Canada
| | - Chris A McGibbon
- Faculty of Kinesiology and Institute of Biomedical Engineering, University of New Brunswick, Fredericton, NB, Canada
| | - William McIlroy
- Faculty of Applied Health Sciences, Department of Kinesiology, University of Waterloo, Waterloo, ON, Canada
| | - Laura E Middleton
- Faculty of Applied Health Sciences, Department of Kinesiology, University of Waterloo, Waterloo, ON, Canada
| | - Yanina Sarquis-Adamson
- Gait and Brain Lab, Parkwood Institute, Lawson Health Research Institute, London, ON, Canada
| | - Olivier Beauchet
- Department of Medicine, Divisions of Geriatrics and Experimental Medicine, McGill University, Montreal, QC, Canada
| | - Bradford J McFadyen
- Rehabilitation Department, Université Laval, and Centre for Interdisciplinary Research in Rehabilitation and Social Integration, Quebec, QC, Canada
| | - José A Morais
- Department of Medicine, Divisions of Geriatrics and Experimental Medicine, McGill University, Montreal, QC, Canada
| | - Richard Camicioli
- Department of Medicine, Division of Neurology, University of Alberta, Edmonton, AB, Canada
| | | |
Collapse
|
20
|
Kalron A, Allali G, Achiron A. Neural correlates of gait variability in people with multiple sclerosis with fall history. Eur J Neurol 2018; 25:1243-1249. [PMID: 29806963 DOI: 10.1111/ene.13689] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/11/2018] [Accepted: 05/24/2018] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND AND PURPOSE The aim was to investigate the association between step time variability and related brain structures in accordance with fall status in people with multiple sclerosis (PwMS). METHODS The study included 225 PwMS. Whole-brain magnetic resonance imaging was performed with a high-resolution 3.0 T magnetic resonance scanner in addition to volumetric analysis based on 3D T1-weighted images using the FreeSurfer image analysis suite. Step time variability was measured with an electronic walkway. Participants were defined as 'fallers' (at least two falls during the previous year) and 'non-fallers'. RESULTS In all, 105 PwMS were defined as fallers and had a greater step time variability compared to non-fallers [5.6% (SD = 3.4) vs. 3.4% (SD = 1.5); P = 0.001]. MS fallers exhibited a reduced volume in the left caudate and both cerebellum hemispheres compared to non-fallers. On using a linear regression analysis no association was found between gait variability and related brain structures in the total cohort and the non-fallers group. However, the analysis found an association between the left hippocampus and left putamen volumes with step time variability in the faller group: P = 0.031, 0.048, respectively, controlling for total cranial volume, walking speed, disability, age and gender. Nevertheless, according to the hierarchical regression model, the contribution of these brain measures to predict gait variability was relatively small compared to walking speed. CONCLUSIONS An association between low left hippocampal, putamen volumes and step time variability was found in PwMS with a history of falls, suggesting that brain structural characteristics may be related to falls and increased gait variability in PwMS.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- A Kalron
- Department of Physical Therapy, Sackler Faculty of Medicine, Tel-Aviv University, Tel-Aviv, Israel.,Sagol School of Neurosciences, Tel-Aviv University, Tel-Aviv, Israel
| | - G Allali
- Department of Clinical Neurosciences, Division of Neurology, Geneva University Hospitals, Geneva, Switzerland.,Department of Neurology, Division of Cognitive and Motor Aging, Albert Einstein College of Medicine, Yeshiva University, Bronx, NY, USA.,Faculty of Medicine, University of Geneva, Geneva, Switzerland
| | - A Achiron
- Multiple Sclerosis Center, Sheba Medical Center, Tel Hashomer, Israel.,Sackler Faculty of Medicine, Tel-Aviv University, Tel-Aviv, Israel
| |
Collapse
|
21
|
Montero-Odasso M, Speechley M, Muir-Hunter SW, Sarquis-Adamson Y, Sposato LA, Hachinski V, Borrie M, Wells J, Black A, Sejdić E, Bherer L, Chertkow H. Motor and Cognitive Trajectories Before Dementia: Results from Gait and Brain Study. J Am Geriatr Soc 2018; 66:1676-1683. [DOI: 10.1111/jgs.15341] [Citation(s) in RCA: 61] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/27/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Manuel Montero-Odasso
- Gait and Brain Lab, Parkwood Institute; Lawson Health Research Institute; London Ontario Canada
- Division of Geriatric Medicine, Department of Medicine, Schulich School of Medicine and Dentistry; University of Western Ontario; London Ontario Canada
- Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics; University of Western Ontario; London Ontario Canada
| | - Mark Speechley
- Gait and Brain Lab, Parkwood Institute; Lawson Health Research Institute; London Ontario Canada
- Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics; University of Western Ontario; London Ontario Canada
| | - Susan W. Muir-Hunter
- Gait and Brain Lab, Parkwood Institute; Lawson Health Research Institute; London Ontario Canada
- Division of Geriatric Medicine, Department of Medicine, Schulich School of Medicine and Dentistry; University of Western Ontario; London Ontario Canada
| | - Yanina Sarquis-Adamson
- Gait and Brain Lab, Parkwood Institute; Lawson Health Research Institute; London Ontario Canada
| | - Luciano A. Sposato
- Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics; University of Western Ontario; London Ontario Canada
- Department of Clinical Neurological Sciences; University of Western Ontario; London Ontario Canada
- Department of Anatomy and Cell Biology; University of Western Ontario; London Ontario Canada
- Stroke, Dementia and Heart Disease Laboratory; University of Western Ontario; London Ontario Canada
| | - Vladimir Hachinski
- Department of Clinical Neurological Sciences; University of Western Ontario; London Ontario Canada
| | - Michael Borrie
- Division of Geriatric Medicine, Department of Medicine, Schulich School of Medicine and Dentistry; University of Western Ontario; London Ontario Canada
| | - Jennie Wells
- Division of Geriatric Medicine, Department of Medicine, Schulich School of Medicine and Dentistry; University of Western Ontario; London Ontario Canada
| | - Alanna Black
- Gait and Brain Lab, Parkwood Institute; Lawson Health Research Institute; London Ontario Canada
| | - Ervin Sejdić
- Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering; University of Pittsburgh; Pittsburgh Pennsylvania
| | - Louis Bherer
- Department of Medicine; Université de Montréal and Montreal Heart Institute; Montreal Quebec Canada
| | - Howard Chertkow
- Jewish General Hospital Memory Clinic; McGill University; Montreal Quebec Canada
| | | |
Collapse
|
22
|
Lang B, Kindy MS, Kozel FA, Schultz SK, Taheri S. Multi-Parametric Classification of Vascular Cognitive Impairment and Dementia: The Impact of Diverse Cerebrovascular Injury Biomarkers. J Alzheimers Dis 2018; 62:39-60. [DOI: 10.3233/jad-170733] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Brittany Lang
- Clinical Psychology Program, University of South Florida, Tampa, FL, USA
| | - Mark S. Kindy
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, College of Pharmacy, University of South Florida Tampa, FL, USA
- James A. Haley VA Medical Center, Tampa, FL, USA
| | - F. Andrew Kozel
- James A. Haley VA Medical Center, Tampa, FL, USA
- Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, University of South Florida, Tampa, FL, USA
| | - Susan K. Schultz
- James A. Haley VA Medical Center, Tampa, FL, USA
- Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, University of South Florida, Tampa, FL, USA
| | - Saeid Taheri
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, College of Pharmacy, University of South Florida Tampa, FL, USA
- Byrd Alzheimer’s Institute, Tampa, FL, USA
| |
Collapse
|
23
|
Mc Ardle R, Morris R, Wilson J, Galna B, Thomas AJ, Rochester L. What Can Quantitative Gait Analysis Tell Us about Dementia and Its Subtypes? A Structured Review. J Alzheimers Dis 2017; 60:1295-1312. [DOI: 10.3233/jad-170541] [Citation(s) in RCA: 42] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/15/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Ríona Mc Ardle
- Institute of Neuroscience, Newcastle University Institute for Ageing, Newcastle upon Tyne, UK
| | - Rosie Morris
- Institute of Neuroscience, Newcastle University Institute for Ageing, Newcastle upon Tyne, UK
- Newcastle upon Tyne Hospital NHS Foundation Trust, UK
| | - Joanna Wilson
- Institute of Neuroscience, Newcastle University Institute for Ageing, Newcastle upon Tyne, UK
| | - Brook Galna
- Institute of Neuroscience, Newcastle University Institute for Ageing, Newcastle upon Tyne, UK
- School of Biomedical Sciences, Newcastle University, UK
| | - Alan J. Thomas
- Institute of Neuroscience, Newcastle University Institute for Ageing, Newcastle upon Tyne, UK
| | - Lynn Rochester
- Institute of Neuroscience, Newcastle University Institute for Ageing, Newcastle upon Tyne, UK
- Newcastle upon Tyne Hospital NHS Foundation Trust, UK
| |
Collapse
|
24
|
Montero-Odasso MM, Sarquis-Adamson Y, Speechley M, Borrie MJ, Hachinski VC, Wells J, Riccio PM, Schapira M, Sejdic E, Camicioli RM, Bartha R, McIlroy WE, Muir-Hunter S. Association of Dual-Task Gait With Incident Dementia in Mild Cognitive Impairment: Results From the Gait and Brain Study. JAMA Neurol 2017; 74:857-865. [PMID: 28505243 DOI: 10.1001/jamaneurol.2017.0643] [Citation(s) in RCA: 205] [Impact Index Per Article: 29.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/14/2023]
Abstract
Importance Gait performance is affected by neurodegeneration in aging and has the potential to be used as a clinical marker for progression from mild cognitive impairment (MCI) to dementia. A dual-task gait test evaluating the cognitive-motor interface may predict dementia progression in older adults with MCI. Objective To determine whether a dual-task gait test is associated with incident dementia in MCI. Design, Setting, and Participants The Gait and Brain Study is an ongoing prospective cohort study of community-dwelling older adults that enrolled 112 older adults with MCI. Participants were followed up for 6 years, with biannual visits including neurologic, cognitive, and gait assessments. Data were collected from July 2007 to March 2016. Main Outcomes and Measures Incident all-cause dementia was the main outcome measure, and single- and dual-task gait velocity and dual-task gait costs were the independent variables. A neuropsychological test battery was used to assess cognition. Gait velocity was recorded under single-task and 3 separate dual-task conditions using an electronic walkway. Dual-task gait cost was defined as the percentage change between single- and dual-task gait velocities: ([single-task gait velocity - dual-task gait velocity]/ single-task gait velocity) × 100. Cox proportional hazard models were used to estimate the association between risk of progression to dementia and the independent variables, adjusted for age, sex, education, comorbidities, and cognition. Results Among 112 study participants with MCI, mean (SD) age was 76.6 (6.9) years, 55 were women (49.1%), and 27 progressed to dementia (24.1%), with an incidence rate of 121 per 1000 person-years. Slow single-task gait velocity (<0.8 m/second) was not associated with progression to dementia (hazard ratio [HR], 3.41; 95% CI, 0.99-11.71; P = .05)while high dual-task gait cost while counting backward (HR, 3.79; 95% CI, 1.57-9.15; P = .003) and naming animals (HR, 2.41; 95% CI, 1.04-5.59; P = .04) were associated with dementia progression (incidence rate, 155 per 1000 person-years). The models remained robust after adjusting by baseline cognition except for dual-task gait cost when dichotomized. Conclusions and Relevance Dual-task gait is associated with progression to dementia in patients with MCI. Dual-task gait testing is easy to administer and may be used by clinicians to decide further biomarker testing, preventive strategies, and follow-up planning in patients with MCI. Trial Registration clinicaltrials.gov: NCT03020381.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Manuel M Montero-Odasso
- Gait and Brain Lab, Parkwood Institute and Lawson Health Research Institute, London, Ontario, Canada2Schulich School of Medicine, Division of Geriatric Medicine and Dentistry, Department of Medicine, University of Western Ontario, London, Ontario, Canada3Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, University of Western Ontario, London, Ontario, Canada
| | - Yanina Sarquis-Adamson
- Gait and Brain Lab, Parkwood Institute and Lawson Health Research Institute, London, Ontario, Canada
| | - Mark Speechley
- Gait and Brain Lab, Parkwood Institute and Lawson Health Research Institute, London, Ontario, Canada3Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, University of Western Ontario, London, Ontario, Canada
| | - Michael J Borrie
- Schulich School of Medicine, Division of Geriatric Medicine and Dentistry, Department of Medicine, University of Western Ontario, London, Ontario, Canada
| | - Vladimir C Hachinski
- Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, University of Western Ontario, London, Ontario, Canada4Department of Clinical Neurological Sciences, University of Western Ontario, London, Ontario, Canada
| | - Jennie Wells
- Schulich School of Medicine, Division of Geriatric Medicine and Dentistry, Department of Medicine, University of Western Ontario, London, Ontario, Canada
| | - Patricia M Riccio
- Department of Clinical Neurological Sciences, University of Western Ontario, London, Ontario, Canada
| | - Marcelo Schapira
- Program of Geriatric Medicine, Hospital Italiano de Buenos Aires, Buenos Aires, Argentina
| | - Ervin Sejdic
- Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania
| | - Richard M Camicioli
- Department of Medicine, Division of Neurology, University of Alberta, Edmonton, Alberta, Canada
| | - Robert Bartha
- Robarts Research Institute and Department of Medical Biophysics, University of Western Ontario, London, Ontario, Canada
| | - William E McIlroy
- Department of Kinesiology, University of Waterloo, Waterloo, Ontario, Canada
| | - Susan Muir-Hunter
- Gait and Brain Lab, Parkwood Institute and Lawson Health Research Institute, London, Ontario, Canada10Faculty of Health Sciences, School of Kinesiology, University of Western Ontario, London, Ontario, Canada
| |
Collapse
|
25
|
Tian Q, Resnick SM, Bilgel M, Wong DF, Ferrucci L, Studenski SA. β-Amyloid Burden Predicts Lower Extremity Performance Decline in Cognitively Unimpaired Older Adults. J Gerontol A Biol Sci Med Sci 2017; 72:716-723. [PMID: 27664990 DOI: 10.1093/gerona/glw183] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/08/2016] [Accepted: 08/21/2016] [Indexed: 12/30/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Motor slowing is associated with risk of Alzheimer's disease. Whether β-amyloid (Aβ) burden is associated with motor decline, independent of cognitive decline, is unknown. Methods About 59 cognitively unimpaired older participants had baseline PET-PiB scans and repeated measures of lower (usual gait speed, 400-m time, Health ABC Physical Performance Battery (HABCPPB) score, total standing balance time) and upper (mean tapping time) extremity performance during a mean follow-up of 4.7 years. Linear mixed effect models examined the relationship between baseline Aβ burden and motor decline, adjusting for age, sex, body mass index, cardiovascular risk, APOE ɛ4 status, memory decline, depressive symptoms, ankle-arm index, processing speed, executive function, and cerebrovascular disease. Results Higher mean cortical Aβ burden was associated with greater declines in gait speed and HABCPPB score and a greater increase in 400-m time. Higher Aβ of putamen was associated with declines in all lower extremity measures, including balance. Higher Aβ of dorsolateral prefrontal cortex and lateral temporal lobe was associated with declines of gait speed and 400-m time, and of precuneus with a greater increase in 400-m time. Associations remained similar after further adjustment. Conclusions In cognitively unimpaired older adults, Aβ burden overall and in specific brain regions are risk factors for lower extremity motor decline, independent of memory function. These findings provide the first empirical evidence that Aβ burden is a risk factor for mobility decline in older adults.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Qu Tian
- Longitudinal Studies Section, Translational Gerontology Branch and
| | - Susan M Resnick
- Laboratory of Behavioral Neuroscience, National Institute on Aging, Baltimore, Maryland
| | - Murat Bilgel
- Laboratory of Behavioral Neuroscience, National Institute on Aging, Baltimore, Maryland.,Department of Biomedical Engineering, School of Medicine, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, Maryland
| | - Dean F Wong
- Department of Radiology, Section of High Resolution Brain Imaging.,Department of Psychiatry.,Department of Neuroscience.,Department of Neurology, and.,Department of Environmental Health Sciences, Johns Hopkins Medical Institutions, Baltimore, Maryland
| | - Luigi Ferrucci
- Longitudinal Studies Section, Translational Gerontology Branch and
| | | |
Collapse
|
26
|
Variability in Obstacle Clearance May (Not) Indicate Cognitive Disorders in Alzheimer Disease. Alzheimer Dis Assoc Disord 2016; 29:307-11. [PMID: 25291460 DOI: 10.1097/wad.0000000000000063] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
Abstract
The aim of this study was to investigate obstacle clearance and its variability in individuals with Alzheimer dementia (AD) as well as healthy elderly individuals while they approached and crossed an obstacle in their path. Fifteen people with AD and 15 age-matched/sex-matched healthy individuals (control group) participated in this study. Clinical assessment of both groups was performed by a neuropsychiatrist. Spatial-temporal parameters of 5 trials of unobstructed walking and 5 trials of obstacle crossing during walking (approach and crossing phases) were measured using a 3-dimensional optoelectronic system. The results indicated that individuals with AD showed higher variability in the approach phase for stride length and the horizontal distance from their trailing limb foot to the obstacle. However, their gait variability in the crossing phase was similar to the control group. In addition, the individuals with AD were found to walk slowly and with a short stride length in both conditions. In conclusion, individuals with AD had increased gait variability while approaching an obstacle during walking, indicating a deficit in planning to avoid obstacles that could be related to cognitive disorders. However, gait variability during the crossing phase may not be indicative of cognitive disorders in AD.
Collapse
|
27
|
MacAulay RK, Allaire T, Brouillette R, Foil H, Bruce-Keller AJ, Keller JN. Apolipoprotein E Genotype Linked to Spatial Gait Characteristics: Predictors of Cognitive Dual Task Gait Change. PLoS One 2016; 11:e0156732. [PMID: 27486898 PMCID: PMC4972432 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0156732] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/26/2016] [Accepted: 07/15/2016] [Indexed: 11/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Developing measures to detect preclinical Alzheimer’s Disease is vital, as prodromal stage interventions may prove more efficacious in altering the disease’s trajectory. Gait changes may serve as a useful clinical heuristic that precedes cognitive decline. This study provides the first systematic investigation of gait characteristics relationship with relevant demographic, physical, genetic (Apolipoprotein E genotype), and health risk factors in non-demented older adults during a cognitive-load dual task walking condition. Methods The GAITRite system provided objective measurement of gait characteristics in APOE-e4 “carriers” (n = 75) and “non-carriers” (n = 224). Analyses examined stride length and step time gait characteristics during simple and dual-task (spelling five-letter words backwards) conditions in relation to demographic, physical, genetic, and health risk factors. Results Slower step time and shorter stride length associated with older age, greater health risk, and worse physical performance (ps < .05). Men and women differed in height, gait characteristics, health risk factors and global cognition (ps < .05). APOE-e4 associated with a higher likelihood of hypercholesterolemia and overall illness index scores (ps < .05). No genotype-sex interactions on gait were found. APOE-e4 was linked to shorter stride length and greater dual-task related disturbances in stride length. Conclusions Stride length has been linked to heightened fall risk, attention decrements and structural brain changes in older adults. Our results indicate that stride length is a useful behavioral marker of cognitive change that is associated with genetic risk for AD. Sex disparities in motor decline may be a function of health risk factors.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Rebecca K. MacAulay
- Department of Psychology, Louisiana State University, Baton Rouge, LA, United States of America
- Institute of Dementia Research and Prevention, Pennington Biomedical Research Center/LSU, Baton Rouge, LA, United States of America
- * E-mail:
| | - Ted Allaire
- Institute of Dementia Research and Prevention, Pennington Biomedical Research Center/LSU, Baton Rouge, LA, United States of America
| | - Robert Brouillette
- Institute of Dementia Research and Prevention, Pennington Biomedical Research Center/LSU, Baton Rouge, LA, United States of America
| | - Heather Foil
- Institute of Dementia Research and Prevention, Pennington Biomedical Research Center/LSU, Baton Rouge, LA, United States of America
| | - Annadora J. Bruce-Keller
- Institute of Dementia Research and Prevention, Pennington Biomedical Research Center/LSU, Baton Rouge, LA, United States of America
| | - Jeffrey N. Keller
- Institute of Dementia Research and Prevention, Pennington Biomedical Research Center/LSU, Baton Rouge, LA, United States of America
| |
Collapse
|
28
|
Brain activity during walking: A systematic review. Neurosci Biobehav Rev 2015; 57:310-27. [PMID: 26306029 DOI: 10.1016/j.neubiorev.2015.08.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 181] [Impact Index Per Article: 20.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/17/2015] [Revised: 05/27/2015] [Accepted: 08/02/2015] [Indexed: 01/11/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND This systematic review provides an overview of the literature deducing information about brain activation during (1) imagined walking using MRI/fMRI or (2) during real walking using measurement systems as fNIRS, EEG and PET. METHODS Three independent reviewers undertook an electronic database research browsing six databases. The search request consisted of three search fields. The first field comprised common methods to evaluate brain activity. The second search field comprised synonyms for brain responses to movements. The third search field comprised synonyms for walking. RESULTS 48 of an initial yield of 1832 papers were reviewed. We found differences in cortical activity regarding young vs. old individuals, physically fit vs. physically unfit cohorts, healthy people vs. patients with neurological diseases, and between simple and complex walking tasks. CONCLUSIONS We summarize that the dimension of brain activity in different brain areas during walking is highly sensitive to task complexity, age and pathologies supporting previous assumptions underpinning the significance of cortical control. Many compensation mechanisms reflect the brain's plasticity which ensures stable walking.
Collapse
|
29
|
Annweiler C, Montero-Odasso M, Bartha R, Drozd J, Hachinski V, Beauchet O. Association between gait variability and brain ventricle attributes: a brain mapping study. Exp Gerontol 2014; 57:256-63. [PMID: 24971908 DOI: 10.1016/j.exger.2014.06.015] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/26/2014] [Revised: 06/20/2014] [Accepted: 06/23/2014] [Indexed: 10/25/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND It remains unknown which brain regions are involved in the maintenance of gait dynamic stability in older adults, as characterized by a low stride time variability. Expansion of lateral cerebral ventricles is an indirect marker of adjacent brain tissue volume. The purpose of this study was to examine the association between stride time variability and the volume of sub-regions of the lateral cerebral ventricles among older community-dwellers. METHODS One-hundred-fifteen participants free of hydrocephalus from the GAIT study (mean, 70.4±4.4years; 43.5% female) were included in this analysis. Stride time variability was measured at self-selected pace with a 10m electronic portable walkway (GAITRite). Participants were separated into 3 groups based on tertiles of stride time variability (i.e., <2.0%; 2.0-2.8%; >2.8%). Brain ventricle sub-volumes were quantified from three-dimensional T1-weighted MRI using semi-automated software. Age, gender, Cumulative Illness Rating Scale for Geriatrics, Mini-Mental State Examination, Go-NoGo, brain vascular burden, 4-item Geriatric Depression Scale, psychoactive drugs, vision, proprioception, body mass index, muscular strength and gait velocity were used as covariates. RESULTS Participants with the highest (i.e., worst) tertile of stride time variability exhibited larger temporal horns than those with the lowest (P=0.030) and intermediate tertiles (P=0.028). They also had larger middle portions of ventricular bodies than those with the intermediate tertile (P=0.018). Larger temporal horns were associated with increase in stride time variability (adjusted β=0.86, P=0.005), specifically with the highest tertile of stride time variability (adjusted OR=2.45, P=0.044). CONCLUSIONS Higher stride time variability was associated with larger temporal horns in older community-dwellers. Addressing focal neuronal losses in temporal lobes may represent an important strategy to prevent gait instability.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Cedric Annweiler
- Department of Neuroscience, Division of Geriatric Medicine, Angers University Hospital, University Memory Clinic of Angers, UPRES EA 4638, University of Angers, UNAM, Angers, France; Department of Medicine, Division of Geriatric Medicine, Parkwood Hospital, St. Joseph's Health Care London, Gait and Brain Lab, Lawson Health Research Institute, University of Western Ontario, London, Ontario, Canada; Center for Functional and Metabolic Mapping, Robarts Research Institute, Department of Medical Biophysics, Schulich School of Medicine and Dentistry, University of Western Ontario, London, Ontario, Canada.
| | - Manuel Montero-Odasso
- Department of Medicine, Division of Geriatric Medicine, Parkwood Hospital, St. Joseph's Health Care London, Gait and Brain Lab, Lawson Health Research Institute, University of Western Ontario, London, Ontario, Canada
| | - Robert Bartha
- Center for Functional and Metabolic Mapping, Robarts Research Institute, Department of Medical Biophysics, Schulich School of Medicine and Dentistry, University of Western Ontario, London, Ontario, Canada
| | - John Drozd
- Center for Functional and Metabolic Mapping, Robarts Research Institute, Department of Medical Biophysics, Schulich School of Medicine and Dentistry, University of Western Ontario, London, Ontario, Canada
| | - Vladimir Hachinski
- Department of Clinical Neurological Sciences, University Hospital, University of Western Ontario, London, Ontario, Canada
| | - Olivier Beauchet
- Department of Neuroscience, Division of Geriatric Medicine, Angers University Hospital, University Memory Clinic of Angers, UPRES EA 4638, University of Angers, UNAM, Angers, France
| |
Collapse
|
30
|
Brain health and cognitive and mood disorders in ageing women. Best Pract Res Clin Obstet Gynaecol 2013; 27:661-72. [DOI: 10.1016/j.bpobgyn.2013.06.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/05/2013] [Revised: 05/17/2013] [Accepted: 06/24/2013] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
|
31
|
Annweiler C, Beauchet O, Bartha R, Wells JL, Borrie MJ, Hachinski V, Montero-Odasso M. Motor cortex and gait in mild cognitive impairment: a magnetic resonance spectroscopy and volumetric imaging study. Brain 2013; 136:859-71. [PMID: 23436505 DOI: 10.1093/brain/aws373] [Citation(s) in RCA: 80] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/10/2023] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Cédric Annweiler
- FRCPC, Gait and Brain Laboratory, Parkwood Hospital, Division of Geriatric Medicine, Room A-280, 801 Commissioners Rd E., London, Ontario, Canada N6A 5A5
| | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
32
|
Annweiler C, Beauchet O, Bartha R, Montero-Odasso M. Slow gait in MCI is associated with ventricular enlargement: results from the Gait and Brain Study. J Neural Transm (Vienna) 2012. [PMID: 23196981 DOI: 10.1007/s00702-012-0926-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/27/2022]
Abstract
Slow gait is ubiquitous among older adults and predicts cognitive decline and progression to dementia. Age-related structural brain changes could be responsible for abnormal gait. The purpose of this study was to determine whether brain lateral ventricle volume, a measure of brain atrophy, was associated with gait velocity among older adults with mild cognitive impairment (MCI), while considering the effects of age and brain vascular burden. Twenty community-dwellers with MCI, free of hydrocephalus, aged 76 years (69/80) [median (25th/75th percentile)] (35 % female) from the 'Gait and Brain Study' were included in this analysis. Quantitative gait performance was measured while steady-state walking at self-selected pace with a 6-m electronic portable walkway (GAITRite). Brain ventricle volume was quantified using semi-automated software from three-dimensional T1-weighted magnetic resonance imaging. Age, white matter hyperintensity burden and Mini-Mental State Examination score were used as potential confounders. Median gait velocity was 118.7 cm/s (104.4/131.3). Median brain ventricle volume was 39.9 mL (30.0/46.6) with the left ventricle being slightly larger than the right (P = 0.052). Brain ventricle volume was inversely associated with gait velocity (adjusted β = -0.63, P = 0.046). Volume of both the ventricular main bodies and the temporal horns correlated inversely with gait velocity (respectively, P = 0.009, P = 0.008). Left ventricle volume correlated with decreased gait velocity (P = 0.002) while right ventricle did not (P = 0.068). Slower gait velocity was associated with larger brain ventricle volume in our sample of people with MCI independent of age, cerebrovascular burden and cognitive worsening. This result may help elucidate the trajectories of cognitive and gait declines in people with MCI.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- C Annweiler
- Division of Geriatric Medicine, Department of Medicine, Parkwood Hospital, St. Joseph's Health Care London, London, ON, Canada.
| | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|