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Missense Variants of von Willebrand Factor in the Background of COVID-19 Associated Coagulopathy. Genes (Basel) 2023; 14:genes14030617. [PMID: 36980889 PMCID: PMC10048626 DOI: 10.3390/genes14030617] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/10/2023] [Revised: 02/16/2023] [Accepted: 02/27/2023] [Indexed: 03/05/2023] Open
Abstract
COVID-19 associated coagulopathy (CAC), characterized by endothelial dysfunction and hypercoagulability, evokes pulmonary immunothrombosis in advanced COVID-19 cases. Elevated von Willebrand factor (vWF) levels and reduced activities of the ADAMTS13 protease are common in CAC. Here, we aimed to determine whether common genetic variants of these proteins might be associated with COVID-19 severity and hemostatic parameters. A set of single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) in the vWF (rs216311, rs216321, rs1063856, rs1800378, rs1800383) and ADAMTS13 genes (rs2301612, rs28729234, rs34024143) were genotyped in 72 COVID-19 patients. Cross-sectional cohort analysis revealed no association of any polymorphism with disease severity. On the other hand, analysis of variance (ANOVA) uncovered associations with the following clinical parameters: (1) the rs216311 T allele with enhanced INR (international normalized ratio); (2) the rs1800383 C allele with elevated fibrinogen levels; and (3) the rs1063856 C allele with increased red blood cell count, hemoglobin, and creatinine levels. No association could be observed between the phenotypic data and the polymorphisms in the ADAMTS13 gene. Importantly, in silico protein conformational analysis predicted that these missense variants would display global conformational alterations, which might affect the stability and plasma levels of vWF. Our results imply that missense vWF variants might modulate the thrombotic risk in COVID-19.
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Raballah E, Wilding K, Anyona SB, Munde EO, Hurwitz I, Onyango CO, Ayieko C, Lambert CG, Schneider KA, Seidenberg PD, Ouma C, McMahon BH, Cheng Q, Perkins DJ. Nonsynonymous amino acid changes in the α-chain of complement component 5 influence longitudinal susceptibility to Plasmodium falciparum infections and severe malarial anemia in kenyan children. Front Genet 2022; 13:977810. [PMID: 36186473 PMCID: PMC9515573 DOI: 10.3389/fgene.2022.977810] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/24/2022] [Accepted: 08/24/2022] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Background: Severe malarial anemia (SMA; Hb < 5.0 g/dl) is a leading cause of childhood morbidity and mortality in holoendemic Plasmodium falciparum transmission regions such as western Kenya. Methods: We investigated the relationship between two novel complement component 5 (C5) missense mutations [rs17216529:C>T, p(Val145Ile) and rs17610:C>T, p(Ser1310Asn)] and longitudinal outcomes of malaria in a cohort of Kenyan children (under 60 mos, n = 1,546). Molecular modeling was used to investigate the impact of the amino acid transitions on the C5 protein structure. Results: Prediction of the wild-type and mutant C5 protein structures did not reveal major changes to the overall structure. However, based on the position of the variants, subtle differences could impact on the stability of C5b. The influence of the C5 genotypes/haplotypes on the number of malaria and SMA episodes over 36 months was determined by Poisson regression modeling. Genotypic analyses revealed that inheritance of the homozygous mutant (TT) for rs17216529:C>T enhanced the risk for both malaria (incidence rate ratio, IRR = 1.144, 95%CI: 1.059–1.236, p = 0.001) and SMA (IRR = 1.627, 95%CI: 1.201–2.204, p = 0.002). In the haplotypic model, carriers of TC had increased risk of malaria (IRR = 1.068, 95%CI: 1.017–1.122, p = 0.009), while carriers of both wild-type alleles (CC) were protected against SMA (IRR = 0.679, 95%CI: 0.542–0.850, p = 0.001). Conclusion: Collectively, these findings show that the selected C5 missense mutations influence the longitudinal risk of malaria and SMA in immune-naïve children exposed to holoendemic P. falciparum transmission through a mechanism that remains to be defined.
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Affiliation(s)
- Evans Raballah
- University of New Mexico-Kenya Global Health Programs, Kisumu, Kenya
- Department of Medical Laboratory Sciences, School of Public Health Biomedical Sciences and Technology, Masinde Muliro University of Science and Technology, Kakamega, Kenya
- *Correspondence: Evans Raballah,
| | - Kristen Wilding
- Theoretical Biology and Biophysics Group, Theoretical Division, Los Alamos National Laboratory, Los Alamos, NM, United States
| | - Samuel B. Anyona
- University of New Mexico-Kenya Global Health Programs, Kisumu, Kenya
- Department of Medical Biochemistry, School of Medicine, Maseno University, Maseno, Kenya
| | - Elly O. Munde
- University of New Mexico-Kenya Global Health Programs, Kisumu, Kenya
- Department of Clinical Medicine, School of Health Sciences, Kirinyaga University, Kerugoya, Kenya
| | - Ivy Hurwitz
- University of New Mexico, Center for Global Health, Department of Internal Medicine, Albuquerque, NM, United States
| | - Clinton O. Onyango
- University of New Mexico-Kenya Global Health Programs, Kisumu, Kenya
- Department of Biomedical Sciences and Technology, School of Public Health and Community Development, Maseno University, Maseno, Kenya
| | - Cyrus Ayieko
- Department of Zoology, Maseno University, Maseno, Kenya
| | - Christophe G. Lambert
- University of New Mexico, Center for Global Health, Department of Internal Medicine, Albuquerque, NM, United States
| | - Kristan A. Schneider
- Department of Applied Computer and Biosciences, University of Applied Sciences Mittweida, Mittweida, Germany
| | - Philip D. Seidenberg
- University of New Mexico, Department of Emergency Medicine, Albuquerque, NM, United States
| | - Collins Ouma
- University of New Mexico-Kenya Global Health Programs, Kisumu, Kenya
- Department of Biomedical Sciences and Technology, School of Public Health and Community Development, Maseno University, Maseno, Kenya
| | - Benjamin H. McMahon
- Theoretical Biology and Biophysics Group, Theoretical Division, Los Alamos National Laboratory, Los Alamos, NM, United States
| | - Qiuying Cheng
- University of New Mexico, Center for Global Health, Department of Internal Medicine, Albuquerque, NM, United States
| | - Douglas J. Perkins
- University of New Mexico-Kenya Global Health Programs, Kisumu, Kenya
- University of New Mexico, Center for Global Health, Department of Internal Medicine, Albuquerque, NM, United States
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Kisia LE, Cheng Q, Raballah E, Munde EO, McMahon BH, Hengartner NW, Ong'echa JM, Chelimo K, Lambert CG, Ouma C, Kempaiah P, Perkins DJ, Schneider KA, Anyona SB. Genetic variation in CSF2 (5q31.1) is associated with longitudinal susceptibility to pediatric malaria, severe malarial anemia, and all-cause mortality in a high-burden malaria and HIV region of Kenya. Trop Med Health 2022; 50:41. [PMID: 35752805 PMCID: PMC9233820 DOI: 10.1186/s41182-022-00432-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/29/2022] [Accepted: 06/14/2022] [Indexed: 01/13/2023] Open
Abstract
Plasmodium falciparum infections remain among the leading causes of morbidity and mortality in holoendemic transmission areas. Located within region 5q31.1, the colony-stimulating factor 2 gene (CSF2) encodes granulocyte–macrophage colony-stimulating factor (GM-CSF), a hematopoietic growth factor that mediates host immune responses. Since the effect of CSF2 variation on malaria pathogenesis remains unreported, we investigated the impact of two genetic variants in the 5q31.1 gene region flanking CSF2:g-7032 G > A (rs168681:G > A) and CSF2:g.64544T > C (rs246835:T > C) on the rate and timing of malaria and severe malarial anemia (SMA, Hb < 5.0 g/dL) episodes over 36 months of follow-up. Children (n = 1654, aged 2–70 months) were recruited from a holoendemic P. falciparum transmission area of western Kenya. Decreased incidence rate ratio (IRR) for malaria was conferred by inheritance of the CSF2:g.64544 TC genotype (P = 0.0277) and CSF2 AC/GC diplotype (P = 0.0015). Increased IRR for malaria was observed in carriers of the CSF2 AT/GC diplotype (P = 0.0237), while the inheritance of the CSF2 AT haplotype increased the IRR for SMA (P = 0.0166). A model estimating the longitudinal risk of malaria showed decreased hazard rates among CSF2 AC haplotype carriers (P = 0.0045). Investigation of all-cause mortality revealed that inheritance of the GA genotype at CSF2:g-7032 increased the risk of mortality (P = 0.0315). Higher risk of SMA and all-cause mortality were observed in younger children (P < 0.0001 and P = 0.0015), HIV-1(+) individuals (P < 0.0001 and P < 0.0001), and carriers of HbSS (P = 0.0342 and P = 0.0019). Results from this holoendemic P. falciparum area show that variation in gene region 5q31.1 influences susceptibility to malaria, SMA, and mortality, as does age, HIV-1 status, and inheritance of HbSS.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lily E Kisia
- Department of Biomedical Sciences and Technology, School of Public Health and Community Development, Maseno University, Maseno, Kenya.,University of New Mexico-Kenya Global Health Programs, Kisumu, Siaya, Kenya
| | - Qiuying Cheng
- Center for Global Health, University of New Mexico, Albuquerque, NM, USA
| | - Evans Raballah
- University of New Mexico-Kenya Global Health Programs, Kisumu, Siaya, Kenya.,Department of Medical Laboratory Sciences, School of Biomedical Sciences and Technology, Masinde Muliro University of Science and Technology, Kakamega, Kenya
| | - Elly O Munde
- University of New Mexico-Kenya Global Health Programs, Kisumu, Siaya, Kenya.,Department of Clinical Medicine, School of Health Sciences, Kirinyaga University, Kerugoya, Kenya
| | - Benjamin H McMahon
- Theoretical Biology and Biophysics Group, Theoretical Division, Los Alamos National Laboratory, Los Alamos, NM, USA
| | - Nick W Hengartner
- Theoretical Biology and Biophysics Group, Theoretical Division, Los Alamos National Laboratory, Los Alamos, NM, USA
| | - John M Ong'echa
- Centre for Global Health Research, Kenya Medical Research Institute, Kisumu, Kenya
| | - Kiprotich Chelimo
- Department of Biomedical Sciences and Technology, School of Public Health and Community Development, Maseno University, Maseno, Kenya
| | | | - Collins Ouma
- Department of Biomedical Sciences and Technology, School of Public Health and Community Development, Maseno University, Maseno, Kenya.,University of New Mexico-Kenya Global Health Programs, Kisumu, Siaya, Kenya
| | - Prakasha Kempaiah
- Department of Medicine, Loyola University Medical Center, Chicago, IL, USA
| | - Douglas J Perkins
- University of New Mexico-Kenya Global Health Programs, Kisumu, Siaya, Kenya.,Center for Global Health, University of New Mexico, Albuquerque, NM, USA
| | - Kristan A Schneider
- Department Applied Computer and Bio-Sciences, University of Applied Sciences Mittweida, Mittweida, Germany
| | - Samuel B Anyona
- University of New Mexico-Kenya Global Health Programs, Kisumu, Siaya, Kenya. .,Department of Medical Biochemistry, School of Medicine, Maseno University, P.O. Box 333-40105, Maseno, Kenya.
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