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Ponnaiyan D, Rughwani RR, Victor DJ, Shetty G. Stem Cells in the Periodontium-Anatomically Related Yet Physiologically Diverse. Eur J Dent 2024; 18:1-13. [PMID: 36588293 PMCID: PMC10959637 DOI: 10.1055/s-0042-1759487] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/03/2023] Open
Abstract
Periodontitis is a complex chronic disease discernible by the deterioration of periodontal tissue. The goal of periodontal therapy is to achieve complete tissue regeneration, and one of the most promising treatment options is to harness the regenerative potential of stem cells available within the periodontal complex. Periodontal ligament stem cells, gingival mesenchymal stem cells, oral periosteal stem cells, and dental follicle stem cells have structural similarities, but their immunological responses and features differ. The qualities of diverse periodontal stem cells, their immune-modulatory effects, and variances in their phenotypes and characteristics will be discussed in this review. Although there is evidence on each stem cell population in the periodontium, understanding the differences in markers expressed, the various research conducted so far on their regenerative potential, will help in understanding which stem cell population will be a better candidate for tissue engineering. The possibility of selecting the most amenable stem cell population for optimal periodontal regeneration and the development and current application of superior tissue engineering treatment options such as autologous transplantation, three-dimensional bioengineered scaffolds, dental stem cell-derived extracellular vesicles will be explored.
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Affiliation(s)
- Deepa Ponnaiyan
- Department of Periodontics and Oral Implantology, SRM Dental College and Hospital, Ramapuram, Chennai, Tamil Nadu, India
| | - Roshan R. Rughwani
- Department of Periodontics and Oral Implantology, SRM Dental College and Hospital, Ramapuram, Chennai, Tamil Nadu, India
| | - Dhayanand John Victor
- Department of Periodontics and Oral Implantology, SRM Dental College and Hospital, Ramapuram, Chennai, Tamil Nadu, India
| | - Ganesh Shetty
- Dental and Orthodontic Clinic, Bangalore, Karnataka, India
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2
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Steppe L, Megafu M, Tschaffon-Müller ME, Ignatius A, Haffner-Luntzer M. Fracture healing research: Recent insights. Bone Rep 2023; 19:101686. [PMID: 38163010 PMCID: PMC10757288 DOI: 10.1016/j.bonr.2023.101686] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/29/2023] [Revised: 05/16/2023] [Accepted: 05/18/2023] [Indexed: 01/03/2024] Open
Abstract
Bone has the rare capability of scarless regeneration that enables the complete restoration of the injured bone area. In recent decades, promising new technologies have emerged from basic, translational and clinical research for fracture treatment; however, 5-10 % of all bone fractures still fail to heal successfully or heal in a delayed manner. Several comorbidities and risk factors have been identified which impair bone healing and might lead to delayed bone union or non-union. Therefore, a considerable amount of research has been conducted to elucidate molecular mechanisms of successful and delayed fracture healing to gain further insights into this complex process. One focus of recent research is to investigate the complex interactions of different cell types and the action of progenitor cells during the healing process. Of particular interest is also the identification of patient-specific comorbidities and how these affect fracture healing. In this review, we discuss the recent knowledge about progenitor cells for long bone repair and the influence of comorbidities such as diabetes, postmenopausal osteoporosis, and chronic stress on the healing process. The topic selection for this review was made based on the presented studies at the 2022 annual meeting of the European Calcified Tissue Society (ECTS) in Helsinki.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lena Steppe
- Institute of Orthopaedic Research and Biomechanics, University Medical Center Ulm, Germany
| | - Michael Megafu
- A.T. Still University Kirksville College of Osteopathic Medicine, USA
| | | | - Anita Ignatius
- Institute of Orthopaedic Research and Biomechanics, University Medical Center Ulm, Germany
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3
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Zeng D, Chen Y, Liao Z, Wei G, Huang X, Liang R, Lu WW, Yi D, Chen Y. Cartilage organoids and osteoarthritis research: a narrative review. Front Bioeng Biotechnol 2023; 11:1278692. [PMID: 38026876 PMCID: PMC10666186 DOI: 10.3389/fbioe.2023.1278692] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/24/2023] [Accepted: 10/26/2023] [Indexed: 12/01/2023] Open
Abstract
Osteoarthritis (OA) is one of the most common degenerative joint diseases, significantly impacting individuals and society. With the acceleration of global aging, the incidence of OA is increasing. The pathogenesis of osteoarthritis is not fully understood, and there is no effective way to alleviate the progression of osteoarthritis. Therefore, it is necessary to develop new disease models and seek new treatments for OA. Cartilage organoids are three-dimensional tissue masses that can simulate organ structure and physiological function and play an important role in disease modeling, drug screening, and regenerative medicine. This review will briefly analyze the research progress of OA, focusing on the construction and current development of cartilage organoids, and then describe the application of cartilage organoids in OA modeling, drug screening, and regeneration and repair of cartilage and bone defects. Finally, some challenges and prospects in the development of cartilaginous organoids are discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Daofu Zeng
- Collaborative Innovation Centre of Regenerative Medicine and Medical BioResource Development and Application Co-Constructed by the Province and Ministry, Guangxi Medical University, Nanning, Guangxi, China
- Department of Bone and Joint Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital of Guangxi Medical University, Nanning, Guangxi, China
| | - Yeping Chen
- Department of Bone and Joint Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital of Guangxi Medical University, Nanning, Guangxi, China
| | - Zhidong Liao
- Collaborative Innovation Centre of Regenerative Medicine and Medical BioResource Development and Application Co-Constructed by the Province and Ministry, Guangxi Medical University, Nanning, Guangxi, China
| | - Guizheng Wei
- Department of Bone and Joint Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital of Guangxi Medical University, Nanning, Guangxi, China
| | - Xiajie Huang
- Collaborative Innovation Centre of Regenerative Medicine and Medical BioResource Development and Application Co-Constructed by the Province and Ministry, Guangxi Medical University, Nanning, Guangxi, China
| | - Rongyuan Liang
- Department of Bone and Joint Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital of Guangxi Medical University, Nanning, Guangxi, China
| | - William W. Lu
- Department of Orthopedics and Traumatology, The University of Hong Kong, Pokfulam, Hong Kong SAR, China
| | - Dan Yi
- Research Center for Computer-Aided Drug Discovery, Shenzhen Institute of Advanced Technology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shenzhen, China
- Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Shenzhen Institute of Advanced Technology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shenzhen, China
| | - Yan Chen
- Collaborative Innovation Centre of Regenerative Medicine and Medical BioResource Development and Application Co-Constructed by the Province and Ministry, Guangxi Medical University, Nanning, Guangxi, China
- Department of Bone and Joint Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital of Guangxi Medical University, Nanning, Guangxi, China
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4
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Cao R, Chen B, Li Q, Qiu P, Liang X, Cao Y. Potential of periosteal cells in bone and cartilage regeneration: a systematic review. Front Bioeng Biotechnol 2023; 11:1292483. [PMID: 38026851 PMCID: PMC10666167 DOI: 10.3389/fbioe.2023.1292483] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/12/2023] [Accepted: 10/26/2023] [Indexed: 12/01/2023] Open
Abstract
Introduction: The unavailability of adequate human primary cells presents multiple challenges in terms of bone and cartilage regeneration and disease modeling experiments in vitro. Periosteal cells (PCs), which represent promising skeletal stem cell sources, could be a promising strategy in tissue engineering. The present study aimed to summarize the characteristics of PCs to investigate the efficacy of these cells in bone and cartilage regeneration in different models, paying special attention to the comparison of bone marrow stromal cells (BMSCs). Methods: A comprehensive literature search was conducted in Embase, PubMed/MEDLINE, Web of Science, and Scopus for articles published in English until April 2023. Only original researches in which PCs were employed for bone or cartilage regeneration experiments were included. Results: A total of 9140 references were retrieved. After screening the results, 36 publications were considered to be eligible for inclusion in the present literature review. Overall, PCs demonstrated beneficial bone and cartilage regenerative efficacy compared to the bare scaffold since almost all included studies reported positive results. The 9 studies assessing the differences in bone formation capacity between PCs and BMSCs indicated that PCs exhibited stronger in vivo osteogenic differentiation capabilities compared to BMSCs, while the other study demonstrated stronger chondrogenic potential of BMSCs. Discussion: PCs demonstrated beneficial to bone regenerative efficacy compared to the bare scaffold with a low risk of most studies included. However, the cartilage formation capacity of BMSCs still needs to be investigated due to the limited research available and the certain risk of bias. PCs exhibited higher osteogenic capabilities compared to BMSCs in combination with various scaffolds in vivo with good evidence. Further researches are needed to elucidate the comparative benefits of cartilage regeneration. Systematic Review Registration: https://www.crd.york.ac.uk/prospero/display_record.php?ID=CRD42023411522, CRD42023411522.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rongkai Cao
- Stomatological Hospital and Dental School of Tongji University, Shanghai Engineering Research Center of Tooth Restoration and Regeneration, Shanghai, China
| | - Beibei Chen
- Stomatological Hospital and Dental School of Tongji University, Shanghai Engineering Research Center of Tooth Restoration and Regeneration, Shanghai, China
| | - Qianru Li
- Department of Stomatology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Fujian Medical University, Fuzhou, China
| | - Piaopiao Qiu
- Stomatological Hospital and Dental School of Tongji University, Shanghai Engineering Research Center of Tooth Restoration and Regeneration, Shanghai, China
| | - Xiaojie Liang
- Department of Stomatology, People’s Hospital of Xiangyun Affiliated to Dali University, Dali, China
| | - Yujie Cao
- Department of Stomatology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Fujian Medical University, Fuzhou, China
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5
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Yufei T, Bingfeng W, Jiayi L, Hu L, Wenli L, Lin X. Distinct osteogenic effect of different periosteum derived cells via Hippo-YAP cascade signaling. Cell Cycle 2023; 22:183-199. [PMID: 35983614 PMCID: PMC9817120 DOI: 10.1080/15384101.2022.2111768] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/11/2022] [Revised: 07/27/2022] [Accepted: 08/06/2022] [Indexed: 01/11/2023] Open
Abstract
Periosteum is expected for bone repairing due to excellent regenerative potential. PDCs are the main source of cells for promoting bone repair. However, PDCs from different sites have been confirmed to be site specific due to their distinct embryonic origin and the methods of bone formation. Hippo-YAP pathway is proved to play a critical role in fate decision of mesenchymal stem cells. The effect of Hippo-YAP on PDCs has not been reported so far. Hence, we aim to explore the differences of PDCs from mandible and femur along with their possible responses to YAP signaling. mPDCs and fPDCs were obtained and tested through flow cytometry for identification. Follow-up results illustrated mPDCs was cubic shape and with better proliferation while fPDCs preferred slender cell shape with worse cell viability compared with mPDCs. mPDCs was superior to fPDCs in ALP activity, related mRNA expression and calcium deposits in late stage. Interestingly, downregulation of YAP promoted the ALP activity, related mRNA expression and calcium deposits of fPDCs while hindered that of mPDCs in vitro. Moreover, implant animal model in mandible and femur were constructed for evaluation in vivo. Histological results were similar to the results in vitro. We speculate this may result from their different embryonic origin and the way of bone formation. Taken together, results available suggested that mPDCs may serve as more optimal seed cells for tissue engineering compared with fPDCs; however, considering their different response to YAP signaling, to ensure sufficient YAP expression in mPDCs and appropriate declining YAP expression in fPDCs may establish better osteogenesis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tang Yufei
- State Key Laboratory of Oral Diseases & National Clinical Research Center for Oral Diseases, West China Hospital of Stomatology, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China
- Department of Orthodontics, West China Hospital of Stomatology, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China
| | - Wu Bingfeng
- State Key Laboratory of Oral Diseases & National Clinical Research Center for Oral Diseases, West China Hospital of Stomatology, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China
| | - Liu Jiayi
- State Key Laboratory of Oral Diseases & National Clinical Research Center for Oral Diseases, West China Hospital of Stomatology, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China
| | - Long Hu
- State Key Laboratory of Oral Diseases & National Clinical Research Center for Oral Diseases, West China Hospital of Stomatology, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China
- Department of Orthodontics, West China Hospital of Stomatology, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China
| | - Lai Wenli
- State Key Laboratory of Oral Diseases & National Clinical Research Center for Oral Diseases, West China Hospital of Stomatology, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China
- Department of Orthodontics, West China Hospital of Stomatology, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China
| | - Xiang Lin
- State Key Laboratory of Oral Diseases & National Clinical Research Center for Oral Diseases, West China Hospital of Stomatology, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China
- Department of Oral Implantology, West China Hospital of Stomatology, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China
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6
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Kagami H, Inoue M, Agata H, Asahina I, Nagamura-Inoue T, Taguri M, Tojo A. A Clinical Study of Alveolar Bone Tissue Engineering Using Autologous Bone Marrow Stromal Cells: Effect of Optimized Cell-Processing Protocol on Efficacy. J Clin Med 2022; 11:jcm11247328. [PMID: 36555944 PMCID: PMC9783548 DOI: 10.3390/jcm11247328] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/10/2022] [Revised: 12/01/2022] [Accepted: 12/05/2022] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
(1) Objectives: The effect of cell-processing protocols on the clinical efficacy of bone tissue engineering is not well-known. To maximize efficacy, we optimized the cell-processing protocol for bone-marrow-derived mesenchymal stromal cells for bone tissue engineering. In this study, the efficacy of bone tissue engineering using this modified protocol was compared to that of the original protocol. (2) Materials and Methods: This single-arm clinical study included 15 patients. Cells were obtained from bone marrow aspirates and expanded in culture flasks containing basic fibroblast growth factor. The cells were seeded onto β-tricalcium phosphate granules and induced into osteogenic cells for two weeks. Then, the cell-scaffold composites were transplanted into patients with severe atrophic alveolar bone. Radiographic evaluations and bone biopsies were performed. The results were compared with those of a previous clinical study that used the original protocol. (3) Results: Panoramic X-ray and computed tomography showed bone regeneration at the transplantation site in all cases. The average bone area in the biopsy samples at 4 months was 44.0%, which was comparable to that in a previous clinical study at 6 months (41.9%) but with much less deviation. No side effects related to cell transplantation were observed. In regenerated bone, 100% of the implants were integrated. (4) Conclusions: Compared to the original protocol, the non-inferiority of this protocol was proven. The introduction of an optimized cell-processing protocol resulted in a comparable quality of regenerated bone, with less fluctuation. Optimized cell-processing protocols may contribute to stable bone regeneration.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hideaki Kagami
- Division of Stem Cell Engineering, The Institute of Medical Science, The University of Tokyo, Tokyo 108-8639, Japan
- Tissue Engineering Research Group, Division of Molecular Therapy, The Advanced Clinical Research Center, The Institute of Medical Science, The University of Tokyo, Tokyo 108-8639, Japan
- Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery, Matsumoto Dental University, Shiojiri 399-0781, Japan
- Institute for Oral Science, Matsumoto Dental University, Shiojiri 399-0781, Japan
- Department of Dentistry and Oral Surgery, Aichi Medical University, Nagakute 480-1195, Japan
- Correspondence:
| | - Minoru Inoue
- Tissue Engineering Research Group, Division of Molecular Therapy, The Advanced Clinical Research Center, The Institute of Medical Science, The University of Tokyo, Tokyo 108-8639, Japan
- Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery, Matsumoto Dental University, Shiojiri 399-0781, Japan
- Inoue Dental Clinic, Shizuoka 420-0866, Japan
| | - Hideki Agata
- Division of Stem Cell Engineering, The Institute of Medical Science, The University of Tokyo, Tokyo 108-8639, Japan
- Tissue Engineering Research Group, Division of Molecular Therapy, The Advanced Clinical Research Center, The Institute of Medical Science, The University of Tokyo, Tokyo 108-8639, Japan
- Agata Dental Clinic, Hamamatsu 430-0929, Japan
| | - Izumi Asahina
- Division of Stem Cell Engineering, The Institute of Medical Science, The University of Tokyo, Tokyo 108-8639, Japan
- Unit of Translational Medicine, Department of Regenerative Oral Surgery, Graduate School of Biomedical Sciences, Nagasaki University, Nagasaki 852-8523, Japan
- Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery, Juntendo University Hospital, Tokyo 113-8431, Japan
| | - Tokiko Nagamura-Inoue
- Department of Cell Processing and Transfusion, The Institute of Medical Science, Research Hospital, The University of Tokyo, Tokyo 108-8639, Japan
| | - Masataka Taguri
- Division of Medical Data Science, Tokyo Medical University, Tokyo 160-8402, Japan
| | - Arinobu Tojo
- Tissue Engineering Research Group, Division of Molecular Therapy, The Advanced Clinical Research Center, The Institute of Medical Science, The University of Tokyo, Tokyo 108-8639, Japan
- Institute of Innovation Advancement, Tokyo Medical and Dental University, Tokyo 113-8510, Japan
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7
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Asahina I, Kagami H, Agata H, Honda MJ, Sumita Y, Inoue M, Nagamura-Inoue T, Tojo A. Clinical Outcome and 8-Year Follow-Up of Alveolar Bone Tissue Engineering for Severely Atrophic Alveolar Bone Using Autologous Bone Marrow Stromal Cells with Platelet-Rich Plasma and β-Tricalcium Phosphate Granules. J Clin Med 2021; 10:jcm10225231. [PMID: 34830513 PMCID: PMC8623501 DOI: 10.3390/jcm10225231] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/31/2021] [Revised: 10/31/2021] [Accepted: 11/08/2021] [Indexed: 01/02/2023] Open
Abstract
Background: Although bone tissue engineering for dentistry has been studied for many years, the clinical outcome for severe cases has not been established. Furthermore, there are limited numbers of studies that include long-term follow-up. In this study, the safety and efficacy of bone tissue engineering for patients with a severely atrophic alveolar bone were examined using autogenous bone marrow stromal cells (BMSCs), and the long-term stability was also evaluated. Methods: BMSCs from iliac bone marrow aspirate were cultured and expanded. Then, induced osteogenic cells were transplanted with autogenous platelet-rich plasma (PRP) and β-tricalcium phosphate granules (β-TCP) for maxillary sinus floor and alveolar ridge augmentation. Eight patients (two males and six females) with an average age of 54.2 years underwent cell transplantation. Safety was assessed by monitoring adverse events. Radiographic evaluation and bone biopsies were performed to evaluate the regenerated bone. Results: The major population of transplanted BMSCs belonged to the fraction of CD34−, CD45dim, and CD73+ cells, which was only 0.065% of the total bone marrow cells. Significant deviations were observed in cell growth and alkaline phosphatase activities among individuals. However, bone regeneration was observed in all patients and the average bone area in the biopsy samples was 41.9% 6 months following transplantation, although there were also significant deviations among each case. No adverse events related to the transplants were observed. In the regenerated bone, 27 out of 29 dental implants were integrated. Dental implants and regenerated bone were stable for an average follow-up period of 7 years and 10 months. Conclusions: Although individual variations were observed, the results showed that bone tissue engineering using BMSCs with PRP and β-TCP was feasible for patients with severe atrophic maxilla throughout a long-term follow-up period and was considered safe. However, further studies with a larger number of cases and controls to confirm the efficacy of BMSCs and the development of a protocol to establish a reproducible quality of stem cell-based graft material will be required.
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Affiliation(s)
- Izumi Asahina
- Division of Stem Cell Engineering, The Institute of Medical Science, The University of Tokyo, Tokyo 108-8639, Japan
- Department of Regenerative Oral Surgery, Unit of Translational Medicine, Nagasaki University Graduate School of Biomedical Sciences, Nagasaki 852-8523, Japan
| | - Hideaki Kagami
- Division of Stem Cell Engineering, The Institute of Medical Science, The University of Tokyo, Tokyo 108-8639, Japan
- Tissue Engineering Research Group, Division of Molecular Therapy, The Advanced Clinical Research Center, The Institute of Medical Science, The University of Tokyo, Tokyo 108-8639, Japan
- Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery, Matsumoto Dental University, Shiojiri 399-0781, Japan
| | - Hideki Agata
- Division of Stem Cell Engineering, The Institute of Medical Science, The University of Tokyo, Tokyo 108-8639, Japan
- Department of Regenerative Oral Surgery, Unit of Translational Medicine, Nagasaki University Graduate School of Biomedical Sciences, Nagasaki 852-8523, Japan
| | - Masaki J Honda
- Division of Stem Cell Engineering, The Institute of Medical Science, The University of Tokyo, Tokyo 108-8639, Japan
- Department of Oral Anatomy, Aichi-Gakuin University School of Dentistry, Nagoya 464-0821, Japan
| | - Yoshinori Sumita
- Division of Stem Cell Engineering, The Institute of Medical Science, The University of Tokyo, Tokyo 108-8639, Japan
- Department of Regenerative Oral Surgery, Unit of Translational Medicine, Nagasaki University Graduate School of Biomedical Sciences, Nagasaki 852-8523, Japan
| | - Minoru Inoue
- Tissue Engineering Research Group, Division of Molecular Therapy, The Advanced Clinical Research Center, The Institute of Medical Science, The University of Tokyo, Tokyo 108-8639, Japan
- Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery, Matsumoto Dental University, Shiojiri 399-0781, Japan
| | - Tokiko Nagamura-Inoue
- Department of Cell Processing and Transfusion, The Institute of Medical Science, The University of Tokyo, Tokyo 108-8639, Japan
| | - Arinobu Tojo
- Tissue Engineering Research Group, Division of Molecular Therapy, The Advanced Clinical Research Center, The Institute of Medical Science, The University of Tokyo, Tokyo 108-8639, Japan
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8
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Xia C, Ge Q, Fang L, Yu H, Zou Z, Zhang P, Lv S, Tong P, Xiao L, Chen D, Wang PE, Jin H. TGF-β/Smad2 signalling regulates enchondral bone formation of Gli1 + periosteal cells during fracture healing. Cell Prolif 2020; 53:e12904. [PMID: 32997394 PMCID: PMC7653269 DOI: 10.1111/cpr.12904] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/31/2020] [Revised: 08/20/2020] [Accepted: 08/27/2020] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVES Most bone fracture heals through enchondral bone formation that relies on the involvement of periosteal progenitor cells. However, the identity of periosteal progenitor cells and the regulatory mechanism of their proliferation and differentiation remain unclear. The aim of this study was to investigate whether Gli1-CreERT2 can identify a population of murine periosteal progenitor cells and the role of TGF-β signalling in periosteal progenitor cells on fracture healing. MATERIALS AND METHODS Double heterozygous Gli1-CreERT2 ;Rosa26-tdTomatoflox/wt mice were sacrificed at different time points for tracing the fate of Gli1+ cells in both intact and fracture bone. Gli1-CreERT2 -mediated Tgfbr2 knockout (Gli1-CreERT2 ;Tgfbr2flox/flox ) mice were subjected to fracture surgery. At 4, 7, 10, 14 and 21 days post-surgery, tibia samples were harvested for tissue analyses including μCT, histology, real-time PCR and immunofluorescence staining. RESULTS Through cell lineage-tracing experiments, we have revealed that Gli1-CreER T2 can be used to identify a subpopulation of periosteal progenitor cells in vivo that persistently reside in periosteum and contribute to osteochondral elements during fracture repair. During the healing process, TGF-β signalling is continually activated in the reparative Gli1+ periosteal cells. Conditional knockout of Tgfbr2 in these cells leads to a delayed and impaired enchondral bone formation, at least partially due to the reduced proliferation and chondrogenic and osteogenic differentiation of Gli1+ periosteal cells. CONCLUSIONS TGF-β signalling plays an essential role on fracture repair via regulating enchondral bone formation process of Gli1+ periosteal cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chenjie Xia
- Institute of Orthopadics and Traumatology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Zhejiang Chinese Medical University, Hangzhou, China.,The First College of Clinical Medicine, Zhejiang Chinese Medical University, Hangzhou, China.,Department of Orthopedic Surgery, Ningbo Medical Center Lihuili Hospital, Ningbo, China
| | - Qinwen Ge
- Institute of Orthopadics and Traumatology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Zhejiang Chinese Medical University, Hangzhou, China.,The First College of Clinical Medicine, Zhejiang Chinese Medical University, Hangzhou, China
| | - Liang Fang
- Institute of Orthopadics and Traumatology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Zhejiang Chinese Medical University, Hangzhou, China.,The First College of Clinical Medicine, Zhejiang Chinese Medical University, Hangzhou, China
| | - Huan Yu
- Institute of Orthopadics and Traumatology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Zhejiang Chinese Medical University, Hangzhou, China.,The First College of Clinical Medicine, Zhejiang Chinese Medical University, Hangzhou, China
| | - Zhen Zou
- Institute of Orthopadics and Traumatology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Zhejiang Chinese Medical University, Hangzhou, China.,The First College of Clinical Medicine, Zhejiang Chinese Medical University, Hangzhou, China
| | - Peng Zhang
- Institute of Orthopadics and Traumatology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Zhejiang Chinese Medical University, Hangzhou, China.,The First College of Clinical Medicine, Zhejiang Chinese Medical University, Hangzhou, China
| | - Shuaijie Lv
- Department of Orthopedic Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital of Zhejiang Chinese Medical University, Hangzhou, China
| | - Peijian Tong
- Department of Orthopedic Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital of Zhejiang Chinese Medical University, Hangzhou, China
| | - Luwei Xiao
- Institute of Orthopadics and Traumatology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Zhejiang Chinese Medical University, Hangzhou, China
| | - Di Chen
- Research Center for Human Tissues and Organs Degeneration, Shenzhen Institutes of Advanced Technology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shenzhen, China
| | - Ping-Er Wang
- Institute of Orthopadics and Traumatology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Zhejiang Chinese Medical University, Hangzhou, China
| | - Hongting Jin
- Institute of Orthopadics and Traumatology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Zhejiang Chinese Medical University, Hangzhou, China
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9
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Wang D, Gilbert JR, Zhang X, Zhao B, Ker DFE, Cooper GM. Calvarial Versus Long Bone: Implications for Tailoring Skeletal Tissue Engineering. TISSUE ENGINEERING PART B-REVIEWS 2019; 26:46-63. [PMID: 31588853 DOI: 10.1089/ten.teb.2018.0353] [Citation(s) in RCA: 34] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
Abstract
Tissue-engineered graft substitutes have shown great potential to treat large bone defects. While we usually assume that therapeutic approaches developed for appendicular bone healing could be similarly translated for application in craniofacial reconstruction and vice versa, this is not necessarily accurate. In addition to those more well-known healing-associated factors, such as age, lifestyle (e.g., nutrition and smoking), preexisting disease (e.g., diabetes), medication, and poor blood supply, the developmental origins and surrounding tissue of the wound sites can largely affect the fracture healing outcome as well as designed treatments. Therefore, the strategies developed for long bone fracture repair might not be suitable or directly applicable to skull bone repair. In this review, we discuss aspects of development, healing process, structure, and tissue engineering considerations between calvarial and long bones to assist in designing the tailored bone repair strategies. Impact Statement We summarized, in this review, the existing body of knowledge between long bone and calvarial bone with regard to their development and healing, tissue structure, and consideration of current tissue engineering strategies. By highlighting their similarities and differences, we propose that tailored tissue engineering strategies, such as scaffold features, growth factor usage, and the source of cells for tissue or region-specific bone repair, are necessary to ensure an optimized healing outcome.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dan Wang
- Department of Stomatology, Tenth People's Hospital of Tongji University, Shanghai, China.,Institute for Tissue Engineering and Regenerative Medicine, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, China.,School of Biomedical Sciences, Faculty of Medicine, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, China.,Department of Plastic Surgery, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania
| | - James R Gilbert
- Department of Plastic Surgery, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania.,McGowan Institute for Regenerative Medicine, University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania
| | - Xu Zhang
- Institute for Tissue Engineering and Regenerative Medicine, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, China.,School of Biomedical Sciences, Faculty of Medicine, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, China
| | - Bingkun Zhao
- Department of Stomatology, Tenth People's Hospital of Tongji University, Shanghai, China.,Institute for Tissue Engineering and Regenerative Medicine, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, China.,School of Biomedical Sciences, Faculty of Medicine, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, China
| | - Dai Fei Elmer Ker
- Institute for Tissue Engineering and Regenerative Medicine, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, China.,School of Biomedical Sciences, Faculty of Medicine, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, China
| | - Gregory M Cooper
- Department of Plastic Surgery, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania.,Department of Oral Biology, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania.,Department of Bioengineering, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania
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10
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Quality Analysis of Minerals Formed by Jaw Periosteal Cells under Different Culture Conditions. Int J Mol Sci 2019; 20:ijms20174193. [PMID: 31461878 PMCID: PMC6747376 DOI: 10.3390/ijms20174193] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/25/2019] [Revised: 08/16/2019] [Accepted: 08/22/2019] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Previously, we detected a higher degree of mineralization in fetal calf serum (FCS) compared to serum-free cultured jaw periosteum derived osteoprogenitor cells (JPCs). By Raman spectroscopy, we detected an earlier formation of mineralized extracellular matrix (ECM) of higher quality under serum-free media conditions. However, mineralization potential remained too low. In the present study, we aimed to investigate the biochemical composition and subsequent biomechanical properties of the JPC-formed ECM and minerals under human platelet lysate (hPL) and FCS supplementation. JPCs were isolated (n = 4 donors) and expanded under FCS conditions and used in passage five for osteogenic induction under both, FCS and hPL media supplementation. Raman spectroscopy and Alizarin Red/von Kossa staining were employed for biochemical composition analyses and for visualization and quantification of mineralization. Osteocalcin gene expression was analyzed by quantitative PCR. Biomechanical properties were assessed by using atomic force microscopy (AFM). Raman spectroscopic measurements showed significantly higher (p < 0.001) phosphate to protein ratios and in the tendency, lower carbonate to phosphate ratios in osteogenically induced JPCs under hPL in comparison to FCS culturing. Furthermore, higher crystal sizes were detected under hPL culturing of the cells. With respect to the ECM, significantly higher ratios of the precursor protein proline to hydroxyproline were detected in hPL-cultured JPC monolayers (p < 0.001). Additionally, significantly higher levels (p < 0.001) of collagen cross-linking were calculated, indicating a higher degree of collagen maturation in hPL-cultured JPCs. By atomic force microscopy, a significant increase in ECM stiffness (p < 0.001) of FCS cultured JPC monolayers was observed. The reverse effect was measured for the JPC formed precipitates/minerals. Under hPL supplementation, JPCs formed minerals of significantly higher stiffness (p < 0.001) when compared to the FCS setting. This study demonstrates that hPL culturing of JPCs leads to the formation of an anorganic material of superior quality in terms of biochemical composition and mechanical properties.
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11
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Zhang L, Ai H. Concentrated growth factor promotes proliferation, osteogenic differentiation, and angiogenic potential of rabbit periosteum-derived cells in vitro. J Orthop Surg Res 2019; 14:146. [PMID: 31118077 PMCID: PMC6532180 DOI: 10.1186/s13018-019-1164-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/10/2018] [Accepted: 04/25/2019] [Indexed: 01/13/2023] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVE The aim of this research is to investigate the effects of concentrated growth factor (CGF) on the proliferation, osteogenic differentiation, and angiogenic potential of rabbit periosteum-derived cells (PDCs) in vitro. METHODS PDCs were isolated from the femoral and tibial periosteum of rabbits and cultured with or without CGF membranes or CGF conditioned media. Scanning electron microscopy (SEM) was used for the structural characterization. Cell Counting Kit-8 assay was used to measure cell proliferation. Alkaline phosphatase (ALP) activity of PDCs was also measured. Immunohistochemistry was used to detect the expression of CD34. Enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA), quantitative real-time PCR (qPCR), and Western blot were used to evaluate the secretion and expression levels of osteogenic differentiation markers (bone morphogenetic protein-2, type I collagen, osteocalcin) and angiogenesis markers (vascular endothelial growth factor, basic fibroblast growth factor) in supernatants and PDCs at days 3, 7, 14, and 21. RESULTS The SEM analysis showed a dense three-dimensional fibrin network in CGF, and CGF membranes were covered by PDCs with elongated or polygonal morphological features. Compared with the control group, CGF significantly promoted the proliferation of PDCs during the experimental period (p < 0.05). Immunohistochemistry revealed that PDCs were dispersedly distributed among the CGF substrates, and CD34-positive cells were also present. Moreover, CGF significantly increased the ALP activity and upregulated the expression and secretion of osteogenic differentiation and angiogenesis markers in PDCs at days 3, 7, 14, and 21 (p < 0.05). CONCLUSION CGF can increase the proliferation and promote the osteogenic differentiation and angiogenic potential of PDCs in vitro. These results indicate that CGF can be used as a new therapeutic means for biotechnological and clinical applications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lili Zhang
- Department of Prosthodontics, School of Stomatology, China Medical University, No. 117, Nanjing North Street, Heping District, Shenyang, Liaoning, 110002, People's Republic of China.,Department of Stomatology, First Affiliated Hospital of Jinzhou Medical University, Jinzhou, 121000, Liaoning, China
| | - Hongjun Ai
- Department of Prosthodontics, School of Stomatology, China Medical University, No. 117, Nanjing North Street, Heping District, Shenyang, Liaoning, 110002, People's Republic of China.
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12
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Naung NY, Duncan W, Silva RD, Coates D. Localization and characterization of human palatal periosteum stem cells in serum-free, xeno-free medium for clinical use. Eur J Oral Sci 2019; 127:99-111. [DOI: 10.1111/eos.12603] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Noel Ye Naung
- Faculty of Dentistry; Sir John Walsh, Research Institute; University of Otago; Dunedin New Zealand
- Division of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery; University of Kentucky; Lexington KY USA
| | - Warwick Duncan
- Faculty of Dentistry; Sir John Walsh, Research Institute; University of Otago; Dunedin New Zealand
| | - Rohana De Silva
- Faculty of Dentistry; Sir John Walsh, Research Institute; University of Otago; Dunedin New Zealand
| | - Dawn Coates
- Faculty of Dentistry; Sir John Walsh, Research Institute; University of Otago; Dunedin New Zealand
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13
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Kresnoadi U, Rahmania PN, Caesar HU, Djulaeha E, Agustono B, Ari MDA. The role of the combination of Moringa oleifera leaf extract and demineralized freeze-dried bovine bone xenograft (xenograft) as tooth extraction socket preservation materials on osteocalcin and transforming growth factor-beta 1 expressions in alveolar bone of Cavia cobaya. J Indian Prosthodont Soc 2019; 19:120-125. [PMID: 31040545 PMCID: PMC6482614 DOI: 10.4103/jips.jips_251_18] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/01/2018] [Accepted: 12/23/2018] [Indexed: 11/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Aim: Alveolar bone resorption, often occurring after tooth extraction, can be minimized through socket preservation. This process uses a combination of Moringa leaf extract and demineralized freeze-dried bovine bone xenograft (DFDBBX) that is expected to generate both transforming growth factor-beta 1 (TGF-β1) expressions as a transcription factor associated with osteoblast differentiation and osteocalcin accelerating alveolar bone formation. This research aimed to analyze the role of the combination of Moringa leaf extract and DFDBBX induced in socket preservation when generating TGF-β1 and osteocalcin expressions. Materials and Methods: The left mandibular incisors of 56 Cavia cobaya were extracted and divided into four groups subjected to different socket preservation treatments. The first group treated with polyethylene glycol, the second group with DFDBBX, the third group with Moringa leaf extract, and the fourth group with a combination of DFDBBX and Moringa leaf extract. The C. cobaya were examined on days 7 and 30, after which the specimens were sacrificed and examined using an immunohistochemical technique. The resulting data were then analyzed using one-way ANOVA and Tukey's honestly significant difference tests. Results: There was a significant difference in TGF-β1 and osteocalcin expressions between the groups (P < 0.05). The highest mean amount of TGF-β1 and osteocalcin was found in the fourth group on both days 7 and 30. Conclusions: The combination of Moringa leaf extract and DFDBBX can effectively generate TGF-β1 and osteocalcin expressions during the preservation of tooth extraction sockets.
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Affiliation(s)
- Utari Kresnoadi
- Department of Prosthodontics, Faculty of Dental Medicine, Universitas Airlangga, Surabaya, Indonesia
| | - Primanda Nur Rahmania
- Department of Prosthodontics, Faculty of Dental Medicine, Universitas Airlangga, Surabaya, Indonesia
| | - Hera Utami Caesar
- Department of Prosthodontics, Faculty of Dental Medicine, Universitas Airlangga, Surabaya, Indonesia
| | - Eha Djulaeha
- Department of Prosthodontics, Faculty of Dental Medicine, Universitas Airlangga, Surabaya, Indonesia
| | - Bambang Agustono
- Department of Prosthodontics, Faculty of Dental Medicine, Universitas Airlangga, Surabaya, Indonesia
| | - Muhammad Dimas Aditya Ari
- Department of Prosthodontics, Faculty of Dental Medicine, Universitas Airlangga, Surabaya, Indonesia
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14
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Hsiao HY, Yang CY, Liu JW, Brey EM, Cheng MH. Periosteal Osteogenic Capacity Depends on Tissue Source. Tissue Eng Part A 2018; 24:1733-1741. [PMID: 29901423 DOI: 10.1089/ten.tea.2018.0009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Periosteal osteogenic capacity can be exploited to enhance bone formation in the fields of tissue engineering and regenerative medicine. Despite this importance, there have been no studies examining the composition, structure, and osteogenic capacity of periostea from different bone sources. In this study, structure and osteogenic factor content were compared among periostea from rib, calvarial, femoral, and tibial bones, in which the native bones of these four regions were harvested and subjected to histological analysis. The osteogenic capacity of grafted periosteum was evaluated using an in vivo vascularized pedicle model of bone tissue engineering. Poly(ethylene glycol)-poly(l-lactic acid) (PEG-PLLA) copolymer hydrogels were seeded with bone marrow mesenchymal stem cells and implanted with grafted periosteum harvested from either calvarial or tibial bone, which were representative of thin and thick native periostea, respectively. The cambium layer thickness of periostea from the femoral and tibial bones (36.9% ± 2.5% and 36.8% ± 2.6%) was greater than that from the calvarial and rib bones (26.8% ± 2.4% and 25.5% ± 1.9%). The osteocalcin and alkaline phosphatase levels were comparatively higher in the femoral and tibial periostea than those in periostea harvested from the calvarial and rib bones. The construct implanted with grafted tibial periosteum resulted in greater neo-bone regeneration and higher osteocalcin and alkaline phosphatase expression. This study is the first investigation of the osteogenic capacity of periostea from diverse sources. The results can be used to guide clinical strategies that exploit periostea for tissue engineering and clinical applications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hui-Yi Hsiao
- 1 Division of Reconstructive Microsurgery, Department of Plastic and Reconstructive Surgery, Chang Gung Memorial Hospital, College of Medicine, Chang Gung University, Taoyuan, Taiwan.,2 Center for Tissue Engineering, Chang Gung Memorial Hospital, Taoyuan, Taiwan
| | - Chin-Yu Yang
- 1 Division of Reconstructive Microsurgery, Department of Plastic and Reconstructive Surgery, Chang Gung Memorial Hospital, College of Medicine, Chang Gung University, Taoyuan, Taiwan.,2 Center for Tissue Engineering, Chang Gung Memorial Hospital, Taoyuan, Taiwan
| | - Jia-Wei Liu
- 1 Division of Reconstructive Microsurgery, Department of Plastic and Reconstructive Surgery, Chang Gung Memorial Hospital, College of Medicine, Chang Gung University, Taoyuan, Taiwan.,2 Center for Tissue Engineering, Chang Gung Memorial Hospital, Taoyuan, Taiwan
| | - Eric M Brey
- 3 Department of Biomedical Engineering, The University of Texas at San Antonio, San Antonio, Texas.,4 Research Service, South Texas Veterans Health Care System, San Antonio, Texas
| | - Ming-Huei Cheng
- 1 Division of Reconstructive Microsurgery, Department of Plastic and Reconstructive Surgery, Chang Gung Memorial Hospital, College of Medicine, Chang Gung University, Taoyuan, Taiwan.,2 Center for Tissue Engineering, Chang Gung Memorial Hospital, Taoyuan, Taiwan
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15
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Wang YL, Hong A, Yen TH, Hong HH. Isolation of Mesenchymal Stem Cells from Human Alveolar Periosteum and Effects of Vitamin D on Osteogenic Activity of Periosteum-derived Cells. J Vis Exp 2018. [PMID: 29782010 DOI: 10.3791/57166] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs) are present in a variety of tissues and can be differentiated into numerous cell types, including osteoblasts. Among the dental sources of MSCs, the periosteum is an easily accessible tissue, which has been identified to contain MSCs in the cambium layer. However, this source has not yet been widely studied. Vitamin D3 and 1,25-(OH)2D3 have been demonstrated to stimulate in vitro differentiation of MSCs into osteoblasts. In addition, vitamin C facilitates collagen formation and bone cell growth. However, no study has yet investigated the effects of Vitamin D3 and Vitamin C on MSCs. Here, we present a method of isolating MSCs from human alveolar periosteum and examine the hypothesis that 1,25-(OH)2D3 may exert an osteoinductive effect on these cells. We also investigate the presence of MSCs in the human alveolar periosteum and assess stem cell adhesion and proliferation. To assess the ability of vitamin C (as a control) and various concentrations of 1,25-(OH)2D3 (10-10, 10-9, 10-8, and 10-7 M) to alter key mRNA biomarkers in isolated MSCs mRNA expression of alkaline phosphatase (ALP), bone sialoprotein (BSP), core binding factor alpha-1 (CBFA1), collagen-1, and osteocalcin (OCN) are measured using real-time polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR).
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Affiliation(s)
- Yen-Li Wang
- Chang Gung University; Department of Periodontics, Chang Gung Memorial Hospital
| | - Adrienne Hong
- California Northstate University College of Medicine
| | - Tzung-Hai Yen
- Chang Gung University; Department of Nephrology, Clinical Poison Center, Chang Gung Memorial Hospital; Kidney Research Center, Chang Gung Memorial Hospital; Center for Tissue Engineering, Chang Gung Memorial Hospital
| | - Hsiang-Hsi Hong
- Chang Gung University; Department of Periodontics, Chang Gung Memorial Hospital; College of Oral Medicine, Taipei Medical University;
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16
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Yin J, Qiu S, Shi B, Xu X, Zhao Y, Gao J, Zhao S, Min S. Controlled release of FGF-2 and BMP-2 in tissue engineered periosteum promotes bone repair in rats. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2018; 13:025001. [PMID: 29313523 DOI: 10.1088/1748-605x/aa93c0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
The aim of this study was to prepare chitosan-collagen (CS/COL) scaffolds that could release fibroblast growth factor-2 (FGF-2) and bone morphogenetic protein 2 (BMP-2), and to study the effect of this scaffold on bone repair. By improving the double emulsion/solvent evaporation technique, BMP-2 was encapsulated in poly(lactic acid)-poly(ethylene glycol)-poly(lactic acid) (PELA) microcapsules, to the surface of which FGF-2 was attached. The CS/COL scaffold carrying the microcapsules was prepared by freeze-drying. Periosteum derived cells (PDCs) were extracted and cultured on the scaffolds to study their proliferation and differentiation on the scaffolds. In addition, the effects of the scaffolds were investigated on rats with skull defects by micro-computed tomography and histology. We successfully prepared PELA microcapsules with external adherence to FGF-2 and encapsulated with BMP-2. The CS/COL scaffolds were porous and PDCs adhered, proliferated and underwent osteogenic differentiation on the scaffolds. The sequential release of FGF-2/BMP-2 had better osteogenic efficacy than other groups. Our results suggest that CS/COL scaffolds that bind FGF-2 and BMP-2 in combination with PDCs could be a promising new strategy for tissue engineering periosteum.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jie Yin
- Department of Orthopaedics, Zhujiang Hospital of Southern Medical University, Guangzhou 510282, People's Republic of China. Department of Hand Surgery, Ningbo City Sixth Hospital, Ningbo 315040, People's Republic of China
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17
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Lam J, Lee EJ, Clark EC, Mikos AG. Honing Cell and Tissue Culture Conditions for Bone and Cartilage Tissue Engineering. Cold Spring Harb Perspect Med 2017; 7:a025734. [PMID: 28348176 PMCID: PMC5710100 DOI: 10.1101/cshperspect.a025734] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/23/2022]
Abstract
An avenue of tremendous interest and need in health care encompasses the regeneration of bone and cartilage. Over the years, numerous tissue engineering strategies have contributed substantial progress toward the realization of clinically relevant therapies. Cell and tissue culture protocols, however, show many variations that make experimental results among different publications challenging to compare. This collection surveys prevalent cell sources, soluble factors, culture medium formulations, environmental factors, and genetic modification approaches in the literature. The intent of consolidating this information is to provide a starting resource for scientists considering how to optimize the parameters for cell differentiation and tissue culture procedures within the context of bone and cartilage tissue engineering.
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Affiliation(s)
- Johnny Lam
- Department of Bioengineering, Rice University, Houston, Texas 77251
| | - Esther J Lee
- Department of Bioengineering, Rice University, Houston, Texas 77251
| | - Elisa C Clark
- Department of Bioengineering, Rice University, Houston, Texas 77251
| | - Antonios G Mikos
- Department of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering, Rice University, Houston, Texas 77251
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18
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Adult Stem Cells of Orofacial Origin: Current Knowledge and Limitation and Future Trend in Regenerative Medicine. Tissue Eng Regen Med 2017; 14:719-733. [PMID: 30603522 DOI: 10.1007/s13770-017-0078-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/23/2017] [Revised: 07/19/2017] [Accepted: 08/04/2017] [Indexed: 12/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Stem cell research is one of the most rapidly expanding field of medicine which provides significant opportunities for therapeutic and regenerative applications. Different types of stem cells have been isolated investigating their accessibility, control of the differentiation pathway and additional immunomodulatory properties. Bulk of the literature focus has been on the study and potential applications of adult stem cells (ASC) because of their low immunogenicity and reduced ethical considerations. This review paper summarizes the basic available literature on different types of ASC with special focus on stem cells from dental and orofacial origin. ASC have been isolated from different sources, however, isolation of ASC from orofacial tissues has provided a novel promising alternative. These cells offer a great potential in the future of therapeutic and regenerative medicine because of their remarkable availability at low cost while allowing minimally invasive isolation procedures. Furthermore, their immunomodulatory and anti-inflammatory potential is of particular interest. However, there are conflicting reports in the literature regarding their particular biology and full clinical potentials. Sound knowledge and higher control over proliferation and differentiation mechanisms are prerequisites for clinical applications of these cells. Therefore, further standardized basic and translational studies are required to increase the reproducibility and reduce the controversies of studies, which in turn facilitate comparison of related literature and enhance further development in the field.
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19
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殷 杰, 邱 素, 高 浚, 赵 胜, 闵 少. [FGF-2/PELA/BMP-2 microcapsule scaffold promotes osteogenic differentiation of rat periosteum-derived stem cells in vitro]. NAN FANG YI KE DA XUE XUE BAO = JOURNAL OF SOUTHERN MEDICAL UNIVERSITY 2017; 37:68-74. [PMID: 28109101 PMCID: PMC6765767 DOI: 10.3969/j.issn.1673-4254.2017.01.12] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/07/2016] [Indexed: 06/06/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE To observe the effect of a microencapsule scaffold capable of sustained release of fibroblast growth factor-2 (FGF-2) and bone morphogenetic protein-2 (BMP-2) in promoting the osteogenic differentiation of rat periosteum-derived stem cells (PDSCs) in vitro. METHODS PDSCs from 4-week-old SD rats, after identification of the surface markers using flow cytometry, were induced to differentiate into osteoblast, chondroblast, and adipocyte lineages. The differentiated cells were verified by staining with Alizarin red, toluidine blue, alcian blue, oil red O and by immunofluorescence assay. FGF-2/PELA/BMP-2, FGF-2/PELA, PELA/BMP-2 and PELA microcapsules were prepared, examined for surface morphologies using scanning electron microscopy (SEM), and tested for controlled release of FGF-2 and BMP-2 using ELISA. The third passage of PDSCs were cultured in the presence of the aqueous extracts of one of the 4 materials, and alkaline phosphatase (AKP) activity in the culture media was detected at 7 and 14 days of culture; the expression levels of osteogenesis-related genes were quantified with quantitative real-time PCR (qRT-PCR). The osteogenic differentiation ability of the PDSCs cultured with the extracts was compared. RESULTS The PDSCs, which expressed mesenchymal stem cell surface markers, were shown to have osteogenic, chondrogenic and adipogenic differentiation potentials. The cells cultured with the extract of FGF-2/PELA/BMP-2 microcapsules showed the highest AKP activity at 7 and 14 days of culture, and their expression levels of OCN and RunX-2 mRNA were the highest among the 4 groups; RunX-2 expression reached its peak level on day 14, and OCN mRNA expression level increased progressively as the culture time extended. CONCLUSION FGF-2/PELA/BMP-2 biomimetic controlled release microcapsules preserve the cytokine activities and are capable of promoting the osteogenic differentiation of rat PDSCs.
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Affiliation(s)
- 杰 殷
- />南方医科大学珠江医院骨科,广东 广州 510280Department of Orthopedics, Zhujiang Hospital, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou 510280, China
| | - 素均 邱
- />南方医科大学珠江医院骨科,广东 广州 510280Department of Orthopedics, Zhujiang Hospital, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou 510280, China
| | - 浚淮 高
- />南方医科大学珠江医院骨科,广东 广州 510280Department of Orthopedics, Zhujiang Hospital, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou 510280, China
| | - 胜利 赵
- />南方医科大学珠江医院骨科,广东 广州 510280Department of Orthopedics, Zhujiang Hospital, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou 510280, China
| | - 少雄 闵
- />南方医科大学珠江医院骨科,广东 广州 510280Department of Orthopedics, Zhujiang Hospital, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou 510280, China
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20
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Potential Osteoinductive Effects of Calcitriol on the m-RNA of Mesenchymal Stem Cells Derived from Human Alveolar Periosteum. BIOMED RESEARCH INTERNATIONAL 2016; 2016:3529561. [PMID: 28105418 PMCID: PMC5220409 DOI: 10.1155/2016/3529561] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/24/2016] [Revised: 10/18/2016] [Accepted: 10/30/2016] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Abstract
This study characterized alveolar periosteum-derived mesenchymal stem cells (P-MSCs) and examined the hypothesis that 1,25-(OH)2D3 (calcitriol) exerts osteoinductive effects on P-MSCs. The mRNA expressions of alkaline phosphatase (ALP), bone sialoprotein (BSP), core-binding factor alpha-1 (CBFA1), collagen-1 (Col-1), osteocalcin (OCN), and vitamin D3 receptor (VDR) were assessed after incubation with calcitriol for 2 weeks. Vitamin C as positive control (Vit. C-p) increased ALP and CBFA1 mRNA expression at both 1 and 2 weeks and increased BSP and Col-1 mRNA expression only at the first week. A concentration of 10−8 M calcitriol enhanced ALP, CBFA1, Col-1, and OCN mRNA expression at both weeks and BSP mRNA expression at the first week. Furthermore, 10−7 M calcitriol increased the mRNA expressions of all compounds at both weeks, except that of CBFA1 at the first week. 10−8 M calcitriol and Vit. C-p enhanced ALP activity at the second and third weeks. The results revealed that 10−9, 10−8, and 10−7 M calcitriol induced osteoinduction in alveolar P-MSCs by increasing ALP, CBFA1, Col-1, and OCN mRNA expression. A 10−7 M calcitriol yielded a higher mRNA expression than Vit. Cp on VDR and OCN mRNA expression at both weeks and on Col-1 mRNA at the second week.
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21
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Yu NY, O'Brien CA, Slapetova I, Whan RM, Knothe Tate ML. Live Tissue Imaging to Elucidate Mechanical Modulation of Stem Cell Niche Quiescence. Stem Cells Transl Med 2016; 6:285-292. [PMID: 28170186 PMCID: PMC5442759 DOI: 10.5966/sctm.2015-0306] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/16/2015] [Accepted: 06/16/2016] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
Abstract
The periosteum, a composite cellular connective tissue, bounds all nonarticular bone surfaces. Like Velcro, collagenous Sharpey's fibers anchor the periosteum in a prestressed state to the underlying bone. The periosteum provides a niche for mesenchymal stem cells. Periosteal lifting, as well as injury, causes cells residing in the periosteum (PDCs) to change from an immobile, quiescent state to a mobile, active state. The physical cues that activate PDCs to home to and heal injured areas remain a conundrum. An understanding of these cues is key to unlocking periosteum's remarkable regenerative power. We hypothesized that changes in periosteum's baseline stress state modulate the quiescence of its stem cell niche. We report, for the first time, a three-dimensional, high-resolution live tissue imaging protocol to observe and characterize ovine PDCs and their niche before and after release of the tissue's endogenous prestress. Loss of prestress results in abrupt shrinkage of the periosteal tissue. At the microscopic scale, loss of prestress results in significantly increased crimping of collagen of periosteum's fibrous layer and a threefold increase in the number of rounded nuclei in the cambium layer. Given the body of published data describing the relationships between stem cell and nucleus shape, structure and function, these observations are consistent with a role for mechanics in the modulation of periosteal niche quiescence. The quantitative characterization of periosteum as a stem cell niche represents a critical step for clinical translation of the periosteum and periosteum substitute-based implants for tissue defect healing. Stem Cells Translational Medicine 2017;6:285-292.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nicole Y.C. Yu
- Graduate School of Biomedical Engineering University of New South Wales, Sydney, Australia
| | - Connor A. O'Brien
- Graduate School of Biomedical Engineering University of New South Wales, Sydney, Australia
| | - Iveta Slapetova
- Biomedical Imaging Facility, Mark Wainwright Analytical Centre, University of New South Wales, Sydney, New South Wales, Australia
| | - Renee M. Whan
- Biomedical Imaging Facility, Mark Wainwright Analytical Centre, University of New South Wales, Sydney, New South Wales, Australia
| | - Melissa L. Knothe Tate
- Graduate School of Biomedical Engineering University of New South Wales, Sydney, Australia
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Moon YJ, Yun CY, Lee JC, Kim JR, Park BH, Cho ES. Maturation of cortical bone suppresses periosteal osteoprogenitor proliferation in a paracrine manner. J Mol Histol 2016; 47:445-53. [PMID: 27394426 DOI: 10.1007/s10735-016-9686-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/11/2016] [Accepted: 07/07/2016] [Indexed: 10/21/2022]
Abstract
Periosteum contains enriched pools of osteogenic progenitors and is highly proliferative, thus giving this tissue a pivotal role in maintaining the diameter of the diaphyseal cortex and in recovery from fractures. Although periosteal proliferation has not been detected in normal bone, intense periosteal proliferation has been observed in pathologic states such as fracture, inflammation, and bone tumors. However, the mechanism by which periosteal osteoprogenitor proliferation is regulated remains poorly understood. To investigate this regulation mechanism, osteoblast/osteocyte-specific conditional knockout mice were developed lacking Smad4 and Osx, two factors that are essential for osteoblast differentiation and matrix mineralization. In Smad4 (Col) and Osx (Col) mice, osteocalcin, Dmp-1, and sclerostin expression were significantly decreased in the cortical bone. Interestingly, although Cre activity was not observed in the periosteum, the proliferation of periosteal osteoprogenitors was enhanced in Smad4 (Col) and Osx (Col) mice, as assessed by 5'-bromo-2'deoxyuridine incorporation and proliferating cell nuclear antigen localization. Since Wnt signaling is a major factor affecting periosteal proliferation, we evaluated Wnt signaling in the periosteum. The expression levels of β-catenin and Lef-1 were increased in the periosteal osteoprogenitors. Moreover, the mRNA levels of β-catenin, cyclin D1, Lef-1, and Axin2, all of which are Wnt target genes, were significantly increased in the periosteum of both Smad4 (Col) and Osx (Col) mice. These results indicated that extracellular proteins secreted by mature osteoblasts and osteocytes suppress the proliferation of periosteal osteoprogenitors by blocking Wnt signaling in a paracrine manner. Our data suggest a new concept of periosteal bone healing and periosteal bone formation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Young Jae Moon
- Department of Biochemistry, Chonbuk National University Medical School, 567 Baekje-Daero Deokjin-Gu, Jeonju, Jeonbuk, 54896, Republic of Korea.,Cluster for Craniofacial Development and Regeneration Research and Institute of Oral Biosciences, Chonbuk National University School of Dentistry, 567 Baekje-Daero Deokjin-Gu, Jeonju, Jeonbuk, 54896, Republic of Korea
| | - Chi-Young Yun
- Cluster for Craniofacial Development and Regeneration Research and Institute of Oral Biosciences, Chonbuk National University School of Dentistry, 567 Baekje-Daero Deokjin-Gu, Jeonju, Jeonbuk, 54896, Republic of Korea
| | - Jeong-Chae Lee
- Cluster for Craniofacial Development and Regeneration Research and Institute of Oral Biosciences, Chonbuk National University School of Dentistry, 567 Baekje-Daero Deokjin-Gu, Jeonju, Jeonbuk, 54896, Republic of Korea
| | - Jung Ryul Kim
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Chonbuk National University Medical School, Jeonju, Jeonbuk, 54896, Republic of Korea
| | - Byung-Hyun Park
- Department of Biochemistry, Chonbuk National University Medical School, 567 Baekje-Daero Deokjin-Gu, Jeonju, Jeonbuk, 54896, Republic of Korea.
| | - Eui-Sic Cho
- Cluster for Craniofacial Development and Regeneration Research and Institute of Oral Biosciences, Chonbuk National University School of Dentistry, 567 Baekje-Daero Deokjin-Gu, Jeonju, Jeonbuk, 54896, Republic of Korea.
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Regenerative Engineering in Maxillofacial Reconstruction. REGENERATIVE ENGINEERING AND TRANSLATIONAL MEDICINE 2016. [DOI: 10.1007/s40883-016-0009-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/04/2023]
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von Wilmowsky C, Schlegel KA, Baran C, Nkenke E, Neukam FW, Moest T. Peri-implant defect regeneration in the diabetic pig: A preclinical study. J Craniomaxillofac Surg 2016; 44:827-34. [PMID: 27209350 DOI: 10.1016/j.jcms.2016.04.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/06/2016] [Revised: 02/26/2016] [Accepted: 04/05/2016] [Indexed: 11/25/2022] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVES The study aims to establish a peri-implant dehiscence-type bone defect in a diabetic animal model of human bone repair and to quantify the influence of diabetes on peri-implant bone regeneration. MATERIAL AND METHODS Experimental diabetes was induced in three domestic pigs by streptozotocin. Three animals served as healthy controls. After 12 months four standardized peri-implant dehiscence bone defects were surgically created in the ramus mandibulae. The animals were sacrificed after 90 days. Samples were histologically analyzed to quantify new bone height (NBH), bone-to-implant-contact (BIC), area of newly formed bone (NFB), bone-density (BD), and bone mineralization (BM) in the prepared defect (-D) and in a local control region (-L). RESULTS After 90 days, diabetic animals revealed a significantly lower BIC (p = 0.037) and BD (p = 0.041) in the defect area (-D). NBH and BM-D differences within the groups were not significant (p > 0.05). Significant more NFB was measured in the healthy control group (p = 0.046). In the region of local bone BIC-L was significant less in the diabetic group (p = 0.028). In the local control region BD-L and BM-L was lower in the diabetic group compared to the healthy control animals (p > 0.05). CONCLUSION Histological evidence indicates impaired peri-implant defect regeneration in a diabetic animal model.
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Affiliation(s)
- Cornelius von Wilmowsky
- Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery, University of Erlangen-Nuremberg, Glückstrasse 11, 91054 Erlangen, Germany
| | - Karl Andreas Schlegel
- Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery, University of Erlangen-Nuremberg, Glückstrasse 11, 91054 Erlangen, Germany
| | - Christoph Baran
- Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery, University of Erlangen-Nuremberg, Glückstrasse 11, 91054 Erlangen, Germany
| | - Emeka Nkenke
- Department of Cranio-, Maxillofacial and Oral Surgery, Medical University of Vienna, Währinger Gürtel 18-20, 1090 Vienna, Austria
| | - Friedrich Wilhelm Neukam
- Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery, University of Erlangen-Nuremberg, Glückstrasse 11, 91054 Erlangen, Germany
| | - Tobias Moest
- Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery, University of Erlangen-Nuremberg, Glückstrasse 11, 91054 Erlangen, Germany.
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Golab KG, Kashani IR, Azami-Tameh A, Zaminy A, Nik IN, Nik SN. Evaluation of the effect of adipose tissue-derived stem cells on the quality of bone healing around implants. Connect Tissue Res 2015; 57:10-9. [PMID: 26691556 DOI: 10.3109/03008207.2015.1079180] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/03/2023]
Abstract
PURPOSE/AIM This study evaluates the efficacy of grafted adipose-derived stem cells (ADSCs) on blade-type implants in improving osseointegration in rat femurs using a low-density bone model. MATERIALS AND METHODS After isolating and expanding ADSCs, twice-passaged cells were seeded on blade-type implants on culture plates. Osteogenic induction of grafted cells began after attaching cells to the prepared titanium surfaces and it continued for 4 days. The scaffolds were then implanted in the femurs of Wistar rats. Osteogenic differentiation of these cells was confirmed using polymerase chain reaction (PCR) and alizarin red staining of the mineralized extracellular matrix. After 8 weeks, histological and histomorphometric evaluations of undecalcified resin sections (bone-implant contact [BIC] % and bone mineral index [BMI]) were performed using light microscopy and scanning electron microscopy. RESULTS Alizarin red staining in conjunction with gene expression results confirmed osteogenic differentiation. Histomorphometric assessment using scanning electron microscopy demonstrated improved BIC% and BMI near the treated surface compared with the untreated surface. CONCLUSIONS The complex of differentiated grafted ADSCs and extracellular matrix and the macrodesign and microdesign of the implant can improve osseointegration in low-density bone.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Iraj Ragerdi Kashani
- b Department of Anatomy , School of Medicine, Medical Sciences, University of Tehran , Tehran , Iran
| | - Abolfazl Azami-Tameh
- c Anatomical Sciences Research Center , Kashan University of Medical Sciences , Kashan , Iran
| | - Arash Zaminy
- d Department of Anatomy , School of Medicine, Guilan University of Medical Sciences , Rasht , Iran
| | - Iman Namjoy Nik
- e Faculty of Life Sciences , University of Manchester , Manchester , United Kingdom
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Effect of periosteum attached to autogenous iliac block bone graft on bone resorption in rabbits. J Craniofac Surg 2015; 26:642-6. [PMID: 25933150 DOI: 10.1097/scs.0000000000001417] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/26/2022] Open
Abstract
The purpose of this study was to evaluate the effect of the periosteum attached to an iliac block bone graft on resorption of the grafted bone. Twenty-one rabbits were used. Iliac bone was harvested with (experimental group) or without a periosteum (control group) and grafted on the rabbit calvarium and fixed with miniscrews. The animals were killed, and specimens were harvested at 1, 4, and 8 weeks after the surgery. Histologic examination and histomorphometry were done. Grafted bones were severely resorbed, and the overall shapes were changed in the control group. On the contrary, the overall shape of the grafted bone was maintained, although the grafted bone was resorbed in the experimental group. Moreover, there were no osteoclasts adjacent to the periosteum of the graft. These results suggest that the periosteum attached to grafted bone can help establish early revascularization and prevent the resorption of grafted bone.
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27
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Kagami H. The potential use of cell-based therapies in the treatment of oral diseases. Oral Dis 2015; 21:545-9. [DOI: 10.1111/odi.12320] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/31/2014] [Accepted: 01/24/2015] [Indexed: 01/09/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- H Kagami
- Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery; Matsumoto Dental University Dental School; Shiojiri
- Tissue Engineering Research Group; Division of Molecular Therapy; The Advanced Clinical Research Center; The Institute of Medical Science; The University of Tokyo; Tokyo
- Clinic for Bone Regeneration; Department of Advanced Medical Science; IMSUT Hospital; The Institute of Medical Science; The University of Tokyo; Tokyo Japan
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28
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Kaku M, Akiba Y, Akiyama K, Akita D, Nishimura M. Cell-based bone regeneration for alveolar ridge augmentation--cell source, endogenous cell recruitment and immunomodulatory function. J Prosthodont Res 2015; 59:96-112. [PMID: 25749435 DOI: 10.1016/j.jpor.2015.02.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/05/2015] [Accepted: 02/05/2015] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
Alveolar ridge plays a pivotal role in supporting dental prosthesis particularly in edentulous and semi-dentulous patients. However the alveolar ridge undergoes atrophic change after tooth loss. The vertical and horizontal volume of the alveolar ridge restricts the design of dental prosthesis; thus, maintaining sufficient alveolar ridge volume is vital for successful oral rehabilitation. Recent progress in regenerative approaches has conferred marked benefits in prosthetic dentistry, enabling regeneration of the atrophic alveolar ridge. In order to achieve successful alveolar ridge augmentation, sufficient numbers of osteogenic cells are necessary; therefore, autologous osteoprogenitor cells are isolated, expanded in vitro, and transplanted to the specific anatomical site where the bone is required. Recent studies have gradually elucidated that transplanted osteoprogenitor cells are not only a source of bone forming osteoblasts, they appear to play multiple roles, such as recruitment of endogenous osteoprogenitor cells and immunomodulatory function, at the forefront of bone regeneration. This review focuses on the current consensus of cell-based bone augmentation therapies with emphasis on cell sources, transplanted cell survival, endogenous stem cell recruitment and immunomodulatory function of transplanted osteoprogenitor cells. Furthermore, if we were able to control the mobilization of endogenous osteoprogenitor cells, large-scale surgery may no longer be necessary. Such treatment strategy may open a new era of safer and more effective alveolar ridge augmentation treatment options.
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Affiliation(s)
- Masaru Kaku
- Division of Bioprosthodontics, Niigata University Graduate School of Medical and Dental Sciences, Niigata, Japan.
| | - Yosuke Akiba
- Division of Bioprosthodontics, Niigata University Graduate School of Medical and Dental Sciences, Niigata, Japan
| | - Kentaro Akiyama
- Department of Oral Rehabilitation and Regenerative Medicine, Okayama University Graduate School of Medicine Dentistry and Pharmaceutical Sciences, Okayama, Japan
| | - Daisuke Akita
- Department of Partial Denture Prosthodontics, Nihon University School of Dentistry, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Masahiro Nishimura
- Department of Oral Maxillofacial Prosthodontics, Kagoshima University Graduate School of Medical and Dental Sciences, Kagoshima, Japan
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29
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Moest T, Wehrhan F, Lutz R, Schmitt CM, Neukam FW, Schlegel KA. Extra-oral defect augmentation using autologous, bovine and equine bone blocks: A preclinical histomorphometrical comparative study. J Craniomaxillofac Surg 2015; 43:559-66. [PMID: 25794644 DOI: 10.1016/j.jcms.2015.02.012] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/19/2014] [Revised: 01/08/2015] [Accepted: 02/16/2015] [Indexed: 10/23/2022] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVES This study aimed to compare autologous bone (AB), bovine bone (BB), and equine bone (EB) blocks with regard to de novo bone formation, connective tissue, and residual bone substitute material portions in a standardized defect animal model. MATERIAL AND METHODS In the frontal skull of 20 pigs, 106 standardized cylindrical "critical size defects" were prepared. Defects were randomly filled with AB, BB, and EB blocks. After a healing period of 30 and 60 days, de novo bone formation, residual bone substitute material, and connective tissue portion was assessed by means of histomorphometry (Toluidine blue O staining). Mann-Whitney U-tests were used to evaluate differences between the groups. RESULTS The de novo bone formation was significantly higher in the AB group in comparison to the xenogeneic groups (p < 0.05). After 30 days, EB showed significantly (p < 0.05) more newly formed bone compared to the BB group. The soft tissue formation was significantly higher in the BB and EB group. Defects augmented with BB showed significantly (p < 0.05) higher portions of bone substitute materials compared to sides augmented with EB after 30 days. CONCLUSION In the extra-oral model, AB blocks were superior concerning de novo bone formation. No clinical advantages of EB blocks could be observed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tobias Moest
- Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery, University Erlangen - Nuremberg, Glückstraße 11, D-91054 Erlangen, Germany.
| | - Falk Wehrhan
- Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery, University Erlangen - Nuremberg, Glückstraße 11, D-91054 Erlangen, Germany
| | - Rainer Lutz
- Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery, University Erlangen - Nuremberg, Glückstraße 11, D-91054 Erlangen, Germany
| | - Christian Martin Schmitt
- Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery, University Erlangen - Nuremberg, Glückstraße 11, D-91054 Erlangen, Germany
| | - Friedrich Wilhelm Neukam
- Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery, University Erlangen - Nuremberg, Glückstraße 11, D-91054 Erlangen, Germany
| | - Karl Andreas Schlegel
- Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery, University Erlangen - Nuremberg, Glückstraße 11, D-91054 Erlangen, Germany
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30
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Roberts SJ, van Gastel N, Carmeliet G, Luyten FP. Uncovering the periosteum for skeletal regeneration: the stem cell that lies beneath. Bone 2015; 70:10-8. [PMID: 25193160 DOI: 10.1016/j.bone.2014.08.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 164] [Impact Index Per Article: 18.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/18/2014] [Revised: 08/14/2014] [Accepted: 08/16/2014] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Abstract
The cartilage- and bone-forming properties of the periosteum have long since been recognized. As one of the major sources of skeletal progenitor cells, the periosteum plays a crucial role not only in bone development and growth, but also during bone fracture healing. Aided by the continuous expansion of tools and techniques, we are now starting to acquire more insight into the specific role and regulation of periosteal cells. From a therapeutic point of view, the periosteum has attracted much attention as a cell source for bone tissue engineering purposes. This interest derives not only from the physiological role of the periosteum during bone repair, but is also supported by the unique properties and marked bone-forming potential of expanded periosteum-derived cells. We provide an overview of the current knowledge of periosteal cell biology, focusing on the cellular composition and molecular regulation of this remarkable tissue, as well as the application of periosteum-derived cells in regenerative medicine approaches. This article is part of a Special Issue entitled "Stem Cells and Bone".
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Affiliation(s)
- Scott J Roberts
- Skeletal Biology and Engineering Research Center, KU Leuven, O&N 1 Herestraat 49 bus 813, 3000 Leuven, Belgium; Prometheus, Division of Skeletal Tissue Engineering, KU Leuven, O&N 1 Herestraat 49 bus 813, 3000 Leuven, Belgium; Institute of Orthopaedics and Musculoskeletal Science, Division of Surgery & Interventional Science, University College London, The Royal National Orthopaedic Hospital, Stanmore, Middlesex HA7 4LP, UK
| | - Nick van Gastel
- Prometheus, Division of Skeletal Tissue Engineering, KU Leuven, O&N 1 Herestraat 49 bus 813, 3000 Leuven, Belgium; Clinical and Experimental Endocrinology, KU Leuven, O&N 1 Herestraat 49 bus 902, 3000 Leuven, Belgium
| | - Geert Carmeliet
- Prometheus, Division of Skeletal Tissue Engineering, KU Leuven, O&N 1 Herestraat 49 bus 813, 3000 Leuven, Belgium; Clinical and Experimental Endocrinology, KU Leuven, O&N 1 Herestraat 49 bus 902, 3000 Leuven, Belgium
| | - Frank P Luyten
- Skeletal Biology and Engineering Research Center, KU Leuven, O&N 1 Herestraat 49 bus 813, 3000 Leuven, Belgium; Prometheus, Division of Skeletal Tissue Engineering, KU Leuven, O&N 1 Herestraat 49 bus 813, 3000 Leuven, Belgium.
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31
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Sonnaert M, Papantoniou I, Bloemen V, Kerckhofs G, Luyten FP, Schrooten J. Human periosteal-derived cell expansion in a perfusion bioreactor system: proliferation, differentiation and extracellular matrix formation. J Tissue Eng Regen Med 2014; 11:519-530. [PMID: 25186024 DOI: 10.1002/term.1951] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/25/2013] [Revised: 05/07/2014] [Accepted: 07/16/2014] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
Perfusion bioreactor systems have shown to be a valuable tool for the in vitro development of three-dimensional (3D) cell-carrier constructs. Their use for cell expansion, however, has been much less explored. Since maintenance of the initial cell phenotype is essential in this process, it is imperative to obtain insight into the bioreactor-related variables determining cell fate. Therefore, this study investigated the influence of fluid flow-induced shear stress on the proliferation, differentiation and matrix deposition of human periosteal-derived cells in the absence of additional differentiation-inducing stimuli; 120 000 cells were seeded on additive manufactured 3D Ti6Al4V scaffolds and cultured for up to 28 days at different flow rates in the range 0.04-6 ml/min. DNA measurements showed, on average, a three-fold increase in cell content for all perfused conditions in comparison to static controls, whereas the magnitude of the flow rate did not have an influence. Contrast-enhanced nanofocus X-ray computed tomography showed substantial formation of an engineered neotissue in all perfused conditions, resulting in a filling (up to 70%) of the total internal void volume, and no flow rate-dependent differences were observed. The expression of key osteogenic markers, such as RunX2, OCN, OPN and Col1, did not show any significant changes in comparison to static controls after 28 days of culture, with the exception of OSX at high flow rates. We therefore concluded that, in the absence of additional osteogenic stimuli, the investigated perfusion conditions increased cell proliferation but did not significantly enhance osteogenic differentiation, thus allowing for this process to be used for cell expansion. Copyright © 2014 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
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Affiliation(s)
- M Sonnaert
- Prometheus, Division of Skeletal Tissue Engineering, Katholieke Universiteit Leuven, Belgium.,Department of Materials Engineering, Katholieke Universiteit Leuven, Belgium
| | - I Papantoniou
- Prometheus, Division of Skeletal Tissue Engineering, Katholieke Universiteit Leuven, Belgium.,Skeletal Biology and Engineering Research Centre, Katholieke Universiteit Leuven, Belgium
| | - V Bloemen
- Prometheus, Division of Skeletal Tissue Engineering, Katholieke Universiteit Leuven, Belgium.,Biomedical Engineering Research Team, Groep T, Leuven Engineering College (Association Katholieke Universiteit Leuven), Belgium
| | - G Kerckhofs
- Prometheus, Division of Skeletal Tissue Engineering, Katholieke Universiteit Leuven, Belgium.,Department of Materials Engineering, Katholieke Universiteit Leuven, Belgium.,Biomechanics Research Unit, Université de Liege, Belgium
| | - F P Luyten
- Prometheus, Division of Skeletal Tissue Engineering, Katholieke Universiteit Leuven, Belgium.,Skeletal Biology and Engineering Research Centre, Katholieke Universiteit Leuven, Belgium
| | - J Schrooten
- Prometheus, Division of Skeletal Tissue Engineering, Katholieke Universiteit Leuven, Belgium.,Department of Materials Engineering, Katholieke Universiteit Leuven, Belgium
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32
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Moore SR, Saidel GM, Knothe U, Knothe Tate ML. Mechanistic, mathematical model to predict the dynamics of tissue genesis in bone defects via mechanical feedback and mediation of biochemical factors. PLoS Comput Biol 2014; 10:e1003604. [PMID: 24967742 PMCID: PMC4072518 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pcbi.1003604] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/12/2013] [Accepted: 02/13/2014] [Indexed: 01/06/2023] Open
Abstract
The link between mechanics and biology in the generation and the adaptation of bone has been well studied in context of skeletal development and fracture healing. Yet, the prediction of tissue genesis within - and the spatiotemporal healing of - postnatal defects, necessitates a quantitative evaluation of mechano-biological interactions using experimental and clinical parameters. To address this current gap in knowledge, this study aims to develop a mechanistic mathematical model of tissue genesis using bone morphogenetic protein (BMP) to represent of a class of factors that may coordinate bone healing. Specifically, we developed a mechanistic, mathematical model to predict the dynamics of tissue genesis by periosteal progenitor cells within a long bone defect surrounded by periosteum and stabilized via an intramedullary nail. The emergent material properties and mechanical environment associated with nascent tissue genesis influence the strain stimulus sensed by progenitor cells within the periosteum. Using a mechanical finite element model, periosteal surface strains are predicted as a function of emergent, nascent tissue properties. Strains are then input to a mechanistic mathematical model, where mechanical regulation of BMP-2 production mediates rates of cellular proliferation, differentiation and tissue production, to predict healing outcomes. A parametric approach enables the spatial and temporal prediction of endochondral tissue regeneration, assessed as areas of cartilage and mineralized bone, as functions of radial distance from the periosteum and time. Comparing model results to histological outcomes from two previous studies of periosteum-mediated bone regeneration in a common ovine model, it was shown that mechanistic models incorporating mechanical feedback successfully predict patterns (spatial) and trends (temporal) of bone tissue regeneration. The novel model framework presented here integrates a mechanistic feedback system based on the mechanosensitivity of periosteal progenitor cells, which allows for modeling and prediction of tissue regeneration on multiple length and time scales. Through combination of computational, physical and engineering science approaches, the model platform provides a means to test new hypotheses in silico and to elucidate conditions conducive to endogenous tissue genesis. Next generation models will serve to unravel intrinsic differences in bone genesis by endochondral and intramembranous mechanisms. Arising as a consequence of trauma, tumor resection, removal of necrotic or infected tissue, and congenital abnormalities, critical-sized defects are too large to heal spontaneously and therefore require surgical intervention. New surgical approaches harness the regenerative power of the periosteum, a tissue membrane covering most bones, which provides a niche for stem cells and plays a key role in healing after injury. The interplay of mechanical, cellular and biochemical mechanisms involved in periosteum-mediated tissue genesis and healing remains elusive, providing the impetus for the current study. Here, we develop a mechanistic, mathematical model to predict the dynamics of tissue genesis by periosteum-derived stem cells within a bone defect surrounded by periosteum or a periosteum substitute. A mechanical finite element model is coupled with a model of cellular dynamics to simulate a tested clinical scenario in which the patient's own periosteum is left around the defect after injury. Model predictions incorporating mechanical feedback match spatiotemporal patterns of bone tissue regeneration observed in a series of in vivo ovine experiments. Through combination of computational, physical and engineering science approaches, the model platform provides a means to test new hypotheses in silico. This will provide criteria conducive to endogenous tissue genesis that can be tested in follow on experiments.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shannon R. Moore
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Case Western Reserve University, Cleveland, Ohio, United States of America
| | - Gerald M. Saidel
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Case Western Reserve University, Cleveland, Ohio, United States of America
- * E-mail: (GMS); (MLKT)
| | - Ulf Knothe
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Cleveland Clinic, Cleveland, Ohio, United States of America
| | - Melissa L. Knothe Tate
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Case Western Reserve University, Cleveland, Ohio, United States of America
- Department of Mechanical & Aerospace Engineering, Case Western Reserve University, Cleveland, Ohio, United States of America
- Graduate School of Biomedical Engineering, University of New South Wales, Sydney, Australia
- * E-mail: (GMS); (MLKT)
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Patil AK, Shetty AS, Setty S, Thakur S. Understanding the advances in biology of orthodontic tooth movement for improved ortho-perio interdisciplinary approach. J Indian Soc Periodontol 2014; 17:309-18. [PMID: 24049330 PMCID: PMC3768180 DOI: 10.4103/0972-124x.115648] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/28/2012] [Accepted: 02/24/2013] [Indexed: 02/03/2023] Open
Abstract
This article provides an insight on detailed current advances in molecular understandings of periodontal ligament cells and the influence of orthodontic force on them in the light of recent advances in molecular and genetic sciences. It sequentially unfolds the cellular events beginning from the mechanical force initiated events of cellular responses to bone remodeling. It also highlights the risks and limitations of orthodontic treatment in certain periodontal conditions, the important areas of team work, orthodontic expectations from periodontal treatment and the possibility of much more future combined research to improve the best possible periodontal health and esthetic outcome of the patient.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anand K Patil
- Department of Orthodontics, SDM College of Dental Sciences, Dharwad, Karnataka, India
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Lhx2 regulates bone remodeling in mice by modulating RANKL signaling in osteoclasts. Cell Death Differ 2014; 21:1613-21. [PMID: 24902903 DOI: 10.1038/cdd.2014.71] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/08/2013] [Revised: 04/28/2014] [Accepted: 04/29/2014] [Indexed: 11/08/2022] Open
Abstract
The LIM homeobox 2 (Lhx2) transcription factor Lhx2 has a variety of functions, including neural induction, morphogenesis, and hematopoiesis. Here we show the involvement of Lhx2 in osteoclast differentiation. Lhx2 was strongly expressed in osteoclast precursor cells but its expression was significantly reduced during receptor activator of nuclear factor-κB ligand (RANKL)-mediated osteoclastogenesis. Overexpression of Lhx2 in bone marrow-derived monocyte/macrophage lineage cells (BMMs), which are osteoclast precursor cells, attenuated RANKL-induced osteoclast differentiation by inhibiting the induction of nuclear factor of activated T cells c1 (NFATc1). Interestingly, interaction of Lhx2 proteins with c-Fos attenuated the DNA-binding ability of c-Fos and thereby inhibited the transactivation of NFATc1. Furthermore, Lhx2 conditional knockout mice exhibited an osteoporotic bone phenotype, which was related with increased osteoclast formation in vivo. Taken together, our results suggest that Lhx2 acts as a negative regulator of osteoclast formation in vitro and in vivo. The anti-osteoclastogenic effect of Lhx2 may be useful for developing a therapeutic strategy for bone disease.
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Osteoblastic Differentiation and Mineralization Ability of Periosteum-Derived Cells Compared With Bone Marrow and Calvaria-Derived Cells. J Oral Maxillofac Surg 2014; 72:694.e1-9. [DOI: 10.1016/j.joms.2013.12.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/15/2013] [Revised: 11/28/2013] [Accepted: 12/02/2013] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
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Matthews BG, Grcevic D, Wang L, Hagiwara Y, Roguljic H, Joshi P, Shin DG, Adams DJ, Kalajzic I. Analysis of αSMA-labeled progenitor cell commitment identifies notch signaling as an important pathway in fracture healing. J Bone Miner Res 2014; 29:1283-94. [PMID: 24190076 PMCID: PMC4864015 DOI: 10.1002/jbmr.2140] [Citation(s) in RCA: 115] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/11/2013] [Revised: 10/14/2013] [Accepted: 10/27/2013] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
Abstract
Fracture healing is a regenerative process that involves coordinated responses of many cell types, but characterization of the roles of specific cell populations in this process has been limited. We have identified alpha smooth muscle actin (αSMA) as a marker of a population of mesenchymal progenitor cells in the periosteum that contributes to osteochondral elements during fracture healing. Using a lineage tracing approach, we labeled αSMA-expressing cells, and characterized changes in the periosteal population during the early stages of fracture healing by histology, flow cytometry, and gene expression profiling. In response to fracture, the αSMA-labeled population expanded and began to differentiate toward the osteogenic and chondrogenic lineages. The frequency of mesenchymal progenitor cell markers such as Sca1 and PDGFRα increased after fracture. By 6 days after fracture, genes involved in matrix production and remodeling were elevated. In contrast, genes associated with muscle contraction and Notch signaling were downregulated after fracture. We confirmed that activating Notch signaling in αSMA-labeled cells inhibited differentiation into osteogenic and adipogenic lineages in vitro and ectopic bone formation in vivo. By characterizing changes in a selected αSMA-labeled progenitor cell population during fracture callus formation, we have shown that modulation of Notch signaling may determine osteogenic potential of αSMA-expressing progenitor cells during bone healing.
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Affiliation(s)
- Brya G Matthews
- Department of Reconstructive Sciences, University of Connecticut Health Center, Farmington, CT, USA
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Uematsu K, Nagata M, Kawase T, Suzuki K, Takagi R. Application of stem-cell media to explant culture of human periosteum: An optimal approach for preparing osteogenic cell material. J Tissue Eng 2013; 4:2041731413509646. [PMID: 24555010 PMCID: PMC3927863 DOI: 10.1177/2041731413509646] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/30/2013] [Accepted: 09/25/2013] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
As part of our clinical tests on bone regeneration using cultured periosteal sheets, here, we prepared cultured periosteal sheets in two types of stem-cell culture media, STK1 and STK3. Human periosteum was expanded either in 1% human serum–supplemented STK1 for 28 days, in 1% human serum–supplemented STK1 for 14 days followed by 1% human serum–supplemented STK3 for 14 days (1% human serum–supplemented STK1+3), or in 10% fetal bovine serum–supplemented Medium 199 for 28 days (control). Cultured periosteal sheet diameter and DNA content were significantly higher, and the multilayer structure was prominent in 1% human serum–supplemented STK1 and 1% human serum–supplemented STK1+3. The messenger RNA of osteoblastic markers was significantly upregulated in 1% human serum–supplemented STK1+3. Osteopontin-immunopositive staining and mineralization were evident across a wide area of the cultured periosteal sheet in 1% human serum–supplemented STK1+3. Subcutaneous implantation in nude mice following expansion in 1% human serum–supplemented STK1+3 produced the highest cultured periosteal sheet osteogenic activity. Expansion in 1% human serum–supplemented STK1+3 successfully induced cultured periosteal sheet growth while retaining osteogenic potential, and subsequent osteoblastic induction promoted the production of homogeneous cell material.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kohya Uematsu
- Division of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery, Department of Oral Health Science, Niigata University Graduate School of Medical and Dental Sciences, Niigata, Japan ; Division of Oral Bioengineering, Department of Tissue Regeneration and Reconstitution, Niigata University Graduate School of Medical and Dental Sciences, Niigata, Japan
| | - Masaki Nagata
- Division of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery, Department of Oral Health Science, Niigata University Graduate School of Medical and Dental Sciences, Niigata, Japan
| | - Tomoyuki Kawase
- Division of Oral Bioengineering, Department of Tissue Regeneration and Reconstitution, Niigata University Graduate School of Medical and Dental Sciences, Niigata, Japan
| | - Kenji Suzuki
- Department of Gastroenterology, Niigata University Graduate School of Medical and Dental Sciences, Niigata, Japan
| | - Ritsuo Takagi
- Division of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery, Department of Oral Health Science, Niigata University Graduate School of Medical and Dental Sciences, Niigata, Japan
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Effects of allogenous periosteal-derived cells transfected with adenovirus-mediated BMP-2 on repairing defects of the mandible in rabbits. J Oral Maxillofac Surg 2013; 71:1789-99. [PMID: 23676775 DOI: 10.1016/j.joms.2013.03.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/27/2012] [Revised: 03/01/2013] [Accepted: 03/04/2013] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
PURPOSE This report describes the effect of periosteal-derived cells transfected with adenovirus-mediated bone morphogenetic protein-2 (BMP-2) on the repair of mandibular defects in rabbits. MATERIALS AND METHODS Periosteal-derived cells were transfected with a replication-defective adenoviral vector encoding BMP-2, and the expression of BMP-2 was examined in transfected cells using in situ hybridization and enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay. In addition, the proliferation ability and activity of alkaline phosphatase of transfected cells were examined using the 3-[4,5-dimethylthiazol-2-Yl]-2,5-diphenyltetrazolium bromide method and enzymology, respectively. In vitro critical-size defects (about 10 × 6 mm) were made bilaterally in each rabbit mandible, and individual sites were implanted with tissue-engineered bone modified with an adenovirus construct encoding the recombinant human BMP-2 gene (Ad-BMP-2), tissue-engineered bone without modification, single bioactive glass ceramic, or no implants (control). New bone formation was evaluated by histochemical stain. RESULTS BMP-2 expression in the supernate of infected cells was detected from the first day after Ad-BMP-2 transfection and remained at a high level for at least 2 weeks. Alkaline phosphatase expression in transfected cells was significantly greater than in uninfected cells. The group of Ad-BMP-2-modified periosteal-derived cells formed more new bone than the other group at any time point. CONCLUSION Gene-modified tissue-engineered bone grafts have greater osteogenic potential than single tissue-engineered bone and single bioactive glass ceramic graft. Ex vivo Ad-BMP-2 transfer to periosteal-derived cells can increase bone formation in critical-size bone defects. Further studies are needed to determine if modified engineered cells can be developed for safe and effective clinical applications.
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Matsuoka F, Takeuchi I, Agata H, Kagami H, Shiono H, Kiyota Y, Honda H, Kato R. Morphology-based prediction of osteogenic differentiation potential of human mesenchymal stem cells. PLoS One 2013; 8:e55082. [PMID: 23437049 PMCID: PMC3578868 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0055082] [Citation(s) in RCA: 101] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/08/2012] [Accepted: 12/18/2012] [Indexed: 12/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Human bone marrow mesenchymal stem cells (hBMSCs) are widely used cell source for clinical bone regeneration. Achieving the greatest therapeutic effect is dependent on the osteogenic differentiation potential of the stem cells to be implanted. However, there are still no practical methods to characterize such potential non-invasively or previously. Monitoring cellular morphology is a practical and non-invasive approach for evaluating osteogenic potential. Unfortunately, such image-based approaches had been historically qualitative and requiring experienced interpretation. By combining the non-invasive attributes of microscopy with the latest technology allowing higher throughput and quantitative imaging metrics, we studied the applicability of morphometric features to quantitatively predict cellular osteogenic potential. We applied computational machine learning, combining cell morphology features with their corresponding biochemical osteogenic assay results, to develop prediction model of osteogenic differentiation. Using a dataset of 9,990 images automatically acquired by BioStation CT during osteogenic differentiation culture of hBMSCs, 666 morphometric features were extracted as parameters. Two commonly used osteogenic markers, alkaline phosphatase (ALP) activity and calcium deposition were measured experimentally, and used as the true biological differentiation status to validate the prediction accuracy. Using time-course morphological features throughout differentiation culture, the prediction results highly correlated with the experimentally defined differentiation marker values (R>0.89 for both marker predictions). The clinical applicability of our morphology-based prediction was further examined with two scenarios: one using only historical cell images and the other using both historical images together with the patient's own cell images to predict a new patient's cellular potential. The prediction accuracy was found to be greatly enhanced by incorporation of patients' own cell features in the modeling, indicating the practical strategy for clinical usage. Consequently, our results provide strong evidence for the feasibility of using a quantitative time series of phase-contrast cellular morphology for non-invasive cell quality prediction in regenerative medicine.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fumiko Matsuoka
- Department of Biotechnology, Graduate School of Engineering, Nagoya University, Nagoya, Aichi, Japan
| | - Ichiro Takeuchi
- Department of Engineering, Nagoya Institute of Technology, Nagoya, Aichi, Japan
| | - Hideki Agata
- Tissue Engineering Research Group, Division of Molecular Therapy, The Institute of Medical Science The University of Tokyo, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Hideaki Kagami
- Tissue Engineering Research Group, Division of Molecular Therapy, The Institute of Medical Science The University of Tokyo, Tokyo, Japan
- Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery, Matsumoto Dental University School of Dentistry, Shiojiri, Nagano, Japan
| | | | | | - Hiroyuki Honda
- Department of Biotechnology, Graduate School of Engineering, Nagoya University, Nagoya, Aichi, Japan
| | - Ryuji Kato
- Department of Biotechnology, Graduate School of Engineering, Nagoya University, Nagoya, Aichi, Japan
- Department of Basic Medicinal Sciences, Graduate School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Nagoya University, Nagoya, Aichi, Japan
- * E-mail:
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Evans SF, Chang H, Knothe Tate ML. Elucidating multiscale periosteal mechanobiology: a key to unlocking the smart properties and regenerative capacity of the periosteum? TISSUE ENGINEERING PART B-REVIEWS 2013. [PMID: 23189933 DOI: 10.1089/ten.teb.2012.0216] [Citation(s) in RCA: 51] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
The periosteum, a thin, fibrous tissue layer covering most bones, resides in a dynamic, mechanically loaded environment. The periosteum also provides a niche for mesenchymal stem cells. The mechanics of periosteum vary greatly between species and anatomical locations, indicating the specialized role of periosteum as bone's bounding membrane. Furthermore, periosteum exhibits stress-state-dependent mechanical and material properties, hallmarks of a smart material. This review discusses what is known about the multiscale mechanical and material properties of the periosteum as well as their potential effect on the mechanosensitive progenitor cells within the tissue. Furthermore, this review addresses open questions and barriers to understanding periosteum's multiscale structure-function relationships. Knowledge of the smart material properties of the periosteum will maximize the translation of periosteum and substitute periosteum to regenerative medicine, facilitate the development of biomimetic tissue-engineered periosteum for use in instances where the native periosteum is lacking or damaged, and provide inspiration for a new class of smart, advanced materials.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sarah F Evans
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Case Western Reserve University, Cleveland, OH 44106, USA
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41
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Evans SF, Chang H, Knothe Tate ML. Elucidating multiscale periosteal mechanobiology: a key to unlocking the smart properties and regenerative capacity of the periosteum? TISSUE ENGINEERING PART B-REVIEWS 2013. [PMID: 23189933 DOI: 10.1089/ten] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
The periosteum, a thin, fibrous tissue layer covering most bones, resides in a dynamic, mechanically loaded environment. The periosteum also provides a niche for mesenchymal stem cells. The mechanics of periosteum vary greatly between species and anatomical locations, indicating the specialized role of periosteum as bone's bounding membrane. Furthermore, periosteum exhibits stress-state-dependent mechanical and material properties, hallmarks of a smart material. This review discusses what is known about the multiscale mechanical and material properties of the periosteum as well as their potential effect on the mechanosensitive progenitor cells within the tissue. Furthermore, this review addresses open questions and barriers to understanding periosteum's multiscale structure-function relationships. Knowledge of the smart material properties of the periosteum will maximize the translation of periosteum and substitute periosteum to regenerative medicine, facilitate the development of biomimetic tissue-engineered periosteum for use in instances where the native periosteum is lacking or damaged, and provide inspiration for a new class of smart, advanced materials.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sarah F Evans
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Case Western Reserve University, Cleveland, OH 44106, USA
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Ardjomandi N, Niederlaender J, Aicher WK, Reinert S, Schweizer E, Wendel HP, Alexander D. Identification of an aptamer binding to human osteogenic-induced progenitor cells. Nucleic Acid Ther 2013; 23:44-61. [PMID: 23289534 DOI: 10.1089/nat.2012.0349] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/24/2022] Open
Abstract
The aim of this study was to generate a specific aptamer against human jaw periosteal cells (JPCs) for tissue engineering applications in oral and maxillofacial surgery. This aptamer should serve as a capture molecule to enrich or even purify osteogenic progenitor cells from JPCs or from adult stem cells of other sources. Using systematic evolution of ligands by exponential enrichment (SELEX), we generated the first aptamer to specifically bind to human osteogenically induced JPCs. We did not detect any binding of the aptamer to undifferentiated JPCs, adipogenically and chondrogenically induced JPCs, or to any other cell line tested. However, similar binding patterns of the identified aptamer 74 were detected with mesenchymal stromal cells (MSCs) derived from placental tissue and bone marrow. After cell sorting, we analyzed the expression of osteogenic marker genes in the aptamer 74-positive and aptamer 74-negative fractions and detected no significant differences. Additionally, the analysis of the mineralization capacity revealed a slight tendency for the aptamer positive fraction to have a higher osteogenic potential. In terms of proliferation, JPCs growing in aptamer-coated wells showed increased proliferation rates compared with the controls. Herein, we report the development of an innovative approach for tissue engineering applications. Further studies should be conducted to modify and improve the specificity of the generated aptamer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nina Ardjomandi
- Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery, University Hospital Tübingen, Germany.
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Iwai S, Kuyama K, Kuboyama N, Takiguchi S, Ogura N, Yamamoto H, Kondoh T. Osteogenic Potential of Human Dental Follicle Cells on Rat Calvaria. J HARD TISSUE BIOL 2013. [DOI: 10.2485/jhtb.22.95] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/27/2022]
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Müller WEG, Wang X, Grebenjuk V, Diehl-Seifert B, Steffen R, Schloßmacher U, Trautwein A, Neumann S, Schröder HC. Silica as a morphogenetically active inorganic polymer. Biomater Sci 2013; 1:669-678. [DOI: 10.1039/c3bm00001j] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
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45
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Narang S, Sehgal N. Stem cells: A potential regenerative future in dentistry. INDIAN JOURNAL OF HUMAN GENETICS 2012; 18:150-4. [PMID: 23162287 PMCID: PMC3491285 DOI: 10.4103/0971-6866.100749] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/01/2023]
Abstract
In recent years, the field of dentistry has embossed its presence by taking major leaps in research and further bringing it into practice. The most valuable ongoing research in regenerative dentistry is the study on stem cells. It was instituted that stem cells grow rapidly and have the potential to form specialized dentin, bone, and neuronal cells. These neuronal cells can be used for dental therapies and can provide better treatment options for patients. The stem cells based therapies could help in new advances in treating damaged teeth, inducing bone regeneration and treating neural injury as well.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sumit Narang
- Department of Periodontics, Peoples College of Dental Science and Research Centre, Bhopal, Madhya Pradesh, India
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Szpalski C, Sagebin F, Barbaro M, Warren SM. The influence of environmental factors on bone tissue engineering. J Biomed Mater Res B Appl Biomater 2012; 101:663-75. [PMID: 23165885 DOI: 10.1002/jbm.b.32849] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/02/2012] [Revised: 09/28/2012] [Accepted: 10/05/2012] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
Bone repair and regeneration are dynamic processes that involve a complex interplay between the substrate, local and systemic cells, and the milieu. Although each constituent plays an integral role in faithfully recreating the skeleton, investigators have long focused their efforts on scaffold materials and design, cytokine and hormone administration, and cell-based therapies. Only recently have the intangible aspects of the milieu received their due attention. In this review, we highlight the important influence of environmental factors on bone tissue engineering.
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Affiliation(s)
- Caroline Szpalski
- Department of Plastic Surgery, New York University Langone Medical Center, New York, New York, USA
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Eyckmans J, Lin GL, Chen CS. Adhesive and mechanical regulation of mesenchymal stem cell differentiation in human bone marrow and periosteum-derived progenitor cells. Biol Open 2012; 1:1058-68. [PMID: 23213385 PMCID: PMC3507189 DOI: 10.1242/bio.20122162] [Citation(s) in RCA: 53] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/04/2012] [Accepted: 06/27/2012] [Indexed: 11/23/2022] Open
Abstract
It has previously been demonstrated that cell shape can influence commitment of human bone marrow-derived mesenchymal stem cells (hBMCs) to adipogenic, osteogenic, chondrogenic, and other lineages. Human periosteum-derived cells (hPDCs) exhibit multipotency similar to hBMCs, but hPDCs may offer enhanced potential for osteogenesis and chondrogenesis given their apparent endogenous role in bone and cartilage repair in vivo. Here, we examined whether hPDC differentiation is regulated by adhesive and mechanical cues comparable to that reported for hBMC differentiation. When cultured in the appropriate induction media, hPDCs at high cell seeding density demonstrated enhanced levels of adipogenic or chondrogenic markers as compared with hPDCs at low cell seeding density. Cell seeding density correlated inversely with projected area of cell spreading, and directly limiting cell spreading with micropatterned substrates promoted adipogenesis or chondrogenesis while substrates promoting cell spreading supported osteogenesis. Interestingly, cell seeding density influenced differentiation through both changes in cell shape and non-shape-mediated effects: density-dependent adipogenesis and chondrogenesis were regulated primarily by cell shape whereas non-shape effects strongly influenced osteogenic potential. Inhibition of cytoskeletal contractility by adding the Rho kinase inhibitor Y27632 further enhanced adipogenic differentiation and discouraged osteogenic differentiation of hPDCs. Together, our results suggest that multipotent lineage decisions of hPDCs are impacted by cell adhesive and mechanical cues, though to different extents than hBMCs. Thus, future studies of hPDCs and other primary stem cell populations with clinical potential should consider varying biophysical metrics for more thorough optimization of stem cell differentiation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jeroen Eyckmans
- Department of Bioengineering, University of Pennsylvania , 510 Skirkanich Hall, 210 South 33rd Street, Philadelphia, PA 19104 , USA ; Laboratory for Skeletal Development and Joint Disorders, Katholieke Universiteit Leuven , Herestraat 49, Box 813, B-3000 Leuven , Belgium
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Wehrhan F, Amann K, Molenberg A, Lutz R, Neukam FW, Schlegel KA. Critical size defect regeneration using PEG-mediated BMP-2 gene delivery and the use of cell occlusive barrier membranes - the osteopromotive principle revisited. Clin Oral Implants Res 2012; 24:910-20. [PMID: 23865504 DOI: 10.1111/j.1600-0501.2012.02489.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 04/08/2012] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE The objective of this study was to investigate if osseous regeneration can be accelerated by involvement of periosteal tissue. Bone defect regeneration could be accelerated by the involvement of periosteal tissue if osteogenic cell signalling is maintained within the defect. It was questioned if local cell-mediated BMP-2 gene delivery makes a cell occlusive membrane dispensable during bone critical size defect regeneration. METHODS PEG matrix (degradation time 10 days) and PEG membrane (degradation time 120 days) were used in the pig calvarial model. Cylindrical (1 × 1 cm) critical size defects (CSD) (9 per animal; 20 animals) were filled with: (i) particulated autologous bone, covered with PEG membrane (group 1); (ii) HA/TCP, covered with PEG membrane (group 2); (iii) HA/TCP, mixed with PEG matrix (group 3); and (iv) HA/TCP mixed with BMP-2-transfected osteoblasts and PEG matrix (group 4). BMP-2/4 gene transfer: liposomal in vitro transfection of BMP-2/V5-tag fusion-protein. Quantitative histomorphometry (toluidine blue staining) after 2, 4 and 12 weeks assessed bone formation. Semiquantitative immunohistochemistry estimated the expression of BMP-2, V5-tag, Runx-2 and Sox9. RESULTS PEG matrix embedded BMP-2 expressing cells presented higher bone formation (P < 0.05) than HA/TCP + PEG matrix defect filling or PEG membrane covering (HA/TCP filling) after 12 weeks. Highest expression of BMP-2, Runx-2 and lowest expression of fibrous tissue marker Sox9 was seen in the BMP-2 group. CONCLUSION PEG matrix embedded BMP-2 expressing cells are capable to maintain osteogenic signalling and to accelerate osseous defect regeneration in absence of a cell occlusive membrane.
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Affiliation(s)
- Falk Wehrhan
- Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery, University of Erlangen-Nuremberg, Erlangen-Nuremberg, Germany.
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Egusa H, Sonoyama W, Nishimura M, Atsuta I, Akiyama K. Stem cells in dentistry--part I: stem cell sources. J Prosthodont Res 2012; 56:151-65. [PMID: 22796367 DOI: 10.1016/j.jpor.2012.06.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 208] [Impact Index Per Article: 17.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/01/2012] [Accepted: 06/14/2012] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Abstract
Stem cells can self-renew and produce different cell types, thus providing new strategies to regenerate missing tissues and treat diseases. In the field of dentistry, adult mesenchymal stem/stromal cells (MSCs) have been identified in several oral and maxillofacial tissues, which suggests that the oral tissues are a rich source of stem cells, and oral stem and mucosal cells are expected to provide an ideal source for genetically reprogrammed cells such as induced pluripotent stem (iPS) cells. Furthermore, oral tissues are expected to be not only a source but also a therapeutic target for stem cells, as stem cell and tissue engineering therapies in dentistry continue to attract increasing clinical interest. Part I of this review outlines various types of intra- and extra-oral tissue-derived stem cells with regard to clinical availability and applications in dentistry. Additionally, appropriate sources of stem cells for regenerative dentistry are discussed with regard to differentiation capacity, accessibility and possible immunomodulatory properties.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hiroshi Egusa
- Department of Fixed Prosthodontics, Osaka University Graduate School of Dentistry, 1-8 Yamadaoka, Suita, Osaka 565-0871, Japan.
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McDuffee LA, Pack L, Lores M, Wright GM, Esparza-Gonzalez B, Masaoud E. Osteoprogenitor Cell Therapy in an Equine Fracture Model. Vet Surg 2012; 41:773-83. [DOI: 10.1111/j.1532-950x.2012.01024.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Laurie A. McDuffee
- Departments of Health Management; University of Prince Edward Island; Charlottetown; PEI; Canada
| | - LeeAnn Pack
- Companion Animals; University of Prince Edward Island; Charlottetown; PEI; Canada
| | - Marcos Lores
- Departments of Health Management; University of Prince Edward Island; Charlottetown; PEI; Canada
| | - Glenda M. Wright
- Biomedical Sciences; University of Prince Edward Island; Charlottetown; PEI; Canada
| | - Blanca Esparza-Gonzalez
- Departments of Health Management; University of Prince Edward Island; Charlottetown; PEI; Canada
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