1
|
Liu F, Qiu K, Wang H, Dong Y, Yu D. Decreased wrist rotation imitation abilities in children with autism spectrum disorder. Front Psychiatry 2024; 15:1349879. [PMID: 38699453 PMCID: PMC11064792 DOI: 10.3389/fpsyt.2024.1349879] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/05/2023] [Accepted: 03/25/2024] [Indexed: 05/05/2024] Open
Abstract
Introduction While meaningless gross motor imitation (GMI) is a common challenge for children diagnosed with autism spectrum disorder (ASD), this topic has not attracted much attention and few appropriate test paradigms have been developed. Methods The current study proposed a wrist rotation imitation (WRI) task (a meaningless GMI assignment), and established a WRI ability evaluation system using low-cost wearable inertial sensors, which acquired the simultaneous data of acceleration and angular acceleration during the WRI task. Three metrics (i.e., total rotation time, rotation amplitude, and symmetry) were extracted from those data of acceleration and angular acceleration, and then were adopted to construct classifiers based on five machine learning (ML) algorithms, including k-nearest neighbors, linear discriminant analysis, naive Bayes, support vector machines, and random forests. To illustrate our technique, this study recruited 49 ASD children (aged 3.5-6.5 years) and 59 age-matched typically developing (TD) children. Results Findings showed that compared with TD children, those with ASD may exhibit shorter total rotation time, lower rotation amplitude, and weaker symmetry. This implies that children with ASD might exhibit decreased WRI abilities. The classifier with the naive Bayes algorithm outperformed than other four algorithms, and achieved a maximal classification accuracy of 88% and a maximal AUC value of 0.91. Two metrics (i.e., rotation amplitude and symmetry) had high correlations with the gross and fine motor skills [evaluated by Gesell Developmental Schedules-Third Edition and Psychoeducational Profile-3 (PEP-3)]. While, the three metrics had no significant correlation with the visual-motor imitation abilities (evaluated by the subdomain of PEP-3) and the ASD symptom severity [evaluated by the Childhood Autism Rating Scale (CARS)] . Discussion The strengths of this study are associated with the low-cost measurement system, correlation between the WRI metrics and clinical measures, decreased WRI abilities in ASD, and high classification accuracy.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Fulin Liu
- Key Laboratory of Child Development and Learning Science of Ministry of Education, School of Biological Science and Medical Engineering, Southeast University, Nanjing, China
| | - Kai Qiu
- Key Laboratory of Child Development and Learning Science of Ministry of Education, School of Biological Science and Medical Engineering, Southeast University, Nanjing, China
| | - Hongan Wang
- Key Laboratory of Child Development and Learning Science of Ministry of Education, School of Biological Science and Medical Engineering, Southeast University, Nanjing, China
| | - Yuhong Dong
- Henan Provincial Medical Key Lab of Language Rehabilitation for Children, Sanmenxia Center Hospital, Sanmenxia, Henan, China
| | - Dongchuan Yu
- Key Laboratory of Child Development and Learning Science of Ministry of Education, School of Biological Science and Medical Engineering, Southeast University, Nanjing, China
- Henan Provincial Medical Key Lab of Child Developmental Behavior and Learning, The Third Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, Henan, China
- Henan Provincial Engineering Research Center of Children’s Digital Rehabilitation, The Third Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, Henan, China
| |
Collapse
|
2
|
Alterman BL, Keeton E, Ali S, Binkley K, Hendrix W, Lee PJ, Wang S, Kling J, Johnson JT, Wheaton LA. Partial-Hand Prosthesis Users Show Improved Reach-to-Grasp Behaviour Compared to Transradial Prosthesis Users with Increased Task Complexity. J Mot Behav 2022; 54:706-718. [PMID: 35485303 PMCID: PMC9627513 DOI: 10.1080/00222895.2022.2070122] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/18/2022]
Abstract
Approaches to improve outcomes after upper-extremity amputation remain poorly understood. Examining prosthesis-use at different levels of loss elucidates motor control challenges. Non-amputated participants completed simple and complex reach-to-grasp actions using a body-powered transradial or partial-hand prosthesis simulator. We hypothesised that increased task complexity and participants using a partial-hand device would show greater functional adaptation compared to participants using a transradial device. Partial-hand users demonstrated variable grasp postures and higher reach peak velocities in the complex, but not simple, task. All groups showed decreases in movement duration in the complex task, but only partial-hand users improved in the simple task. These behavioural changes suggest how device level and task may influence prosthesis-use, with relevance to amputation rehabilitation.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Bennett L Alterman
- School of Biological Sciences, Georgia Institute of Technology, Atlanta, GA, USA
| | - Emily Keeton
- School of Biological Sciences, Georgia Institute of Technology, Atlanta, GA, USA
| | - Saif Ali
- School of Biological Sciences, Georgia Institute of Technology, Atlanta, GA, USA
| | - Katrina Binkley
- School of Biological Sciences, Georgia Institute of Technology, Atlanta, GA, USA
| | - William Hendrix
- School of Biological Sciences, Georgia Institute of Technology, Atlanta, GA, USA
| | - Perry J Lee
- School of Biological Sciences, Georgia Institute of Technology, Atlanta, GA, USA
| | - Shuo Wang
- School of Biological Sciences, Georgia Institute of Technology, Atlanta, GA, USA
| | - James Kling
- School of Biological Sciences, Georgia Institute of Technology, Atlanta, GA, USA
| | - John T Johnson
- School of Biological Sciences, Georgia Institute of Technology, Atlanta, GA, USA
| | - Lewis A Wheaton
- School of Biological Sciences, Georgia Institute of Technology, Atlanta, GA, USA
| |
Collapse
|
3
|
Sinke M, Chadwell A, Smit G. State of the art of prosthesis simulators for the upper limb: A narrative review. Ann Phys Rehabil Med 2022; 65:101635. [PMID: 35091112 DOI: 10.1016/j.rehab.2022.101635] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/23/2021] [Revised: 11/09/2021] [Accepted: 11/11/2021] [Indexed: 10/18/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Research into prosthesis training and design puts a burden on the small population of people with upper-limb absence who can participate in these studies. One solution is to use a prosthetic hand simulator, which allows for attaching a hand prosthesis to an intact limb. However, whether the results of prosthesis simulator studies can be translated to people with upper-limb absence using a hand prosthesis is unclear. OBJECTIVE To review the literature on prosthetic hand simulators, provide an overview of current designs, and highlight the differences and similarities between prosthesis simulators and traditional prostheses. METHODS A Boolean combination of keywords was used to search 3 electronic databases: PubMed, Scopus and Web of Science. Relevant articles in English were selected. RESULTS In total, 52 papers were included in the review, and an overview of the state of the art was presented. We identified the key differences between prosthesis simulators and traditional prostheses as the position of the terminal device and the available degrees of freedom of the arm and (prosthetic) wrist. CONCLUSIONS This paper provides an overview of prosthesis simulator designs over the past 27 years and an overview of the similarities and differences between prosthesis simulators and prostheses. The literature does not provide enough evidence to establish whether the results obtained from simulator studies could be translated to prostheses. A recommendation for future simulator design is to constrain pro- and supination of the forearm of anatomically intact participants and add a prosthetic wrist that can pro- and supinate. Additional research is required to find the ideal terminal device position for a prosthesis simulator with respect to the person's hand.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Maaike Sinke
- BioMechanical Engineering, Delft University of Technology, Mekelweg 2, 2628 CD, Delft, The Netherlands
| | - Alix Chadwell
- Health Sciences Research Centre, University of Salford, Salford, M6 6PU, UK
| | - Gerwin Smit
- BioMechanical Engineering, Delft University of Technology, Mekelweg 2, 2628 CD, Delft, The Netherlands.
| |
Collapse
|
4
|
Zhang X, Hou W, Wu X, Feng S, Chen L. A Novel Online Action Observation-Based Brain-Computer Interface That Enhances Event-Related Desynchronization. IEEE Trans Neural Syst Rehabil Eng 2021; 29:2605-2614. [PMID: 34878977 DOI: 10.1109/tnsre.2021.3133853] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/10/2022]
Abstract
Brain-computer interface (BCI)-based stroke rehabilitation is an emerging field in which different studies have reported variable outcomes. Among the BCI paradigms, motor imagery (MI)-based closed-loop BCI is still the main pattern in rehabilitation training. It can estimate a patient' motor intention and provide corresponding feedback. However, the individual difference in the ability to generate event-related desynchronization (ERD) and the low classification accuracy of the multi-class scenario restrict the application of MI-based BCI. In the current study, a novel online action observation (AO)-based BCI was proposed. The visual stimuli of four types of hand movements were designed to simultaneously induce steady-state motion visual evoked potential (SSMVEP) in the occipital region and to activate the sensorimotor region. Task-related component analysis was performed to identify the SSMVEP. Results showed that the amplitude of the induced frequency in the SSMVEP had a negative relationship with the stimulus frequency. The classification accuracy in the four-class scenario reached 72.81 ± 13.55% within 2.5s. Importantly, the AO-based closed-loop BCI, which provided visual feedback based on the SSMVEP, could enhance ERD compared with AO-alone. The increased attentiveness might be one key factor for the enhancement of the ERD in the designed AO-based BCI. In summary, the proposed AO-based BCI provides a new insight for BCI-based rehabilitation.
Collapse
|
5
|
Bayani KYT, Natraj N, Khresdish N, Pargeter J, Stout D, Wheaton LA. Emergence of perceptuomotor relationships during paleolithic stone toolmaking learning: intersections of observation and practice. Commun Biol 2021; 4:1278. [PMID: 34764417 PMCID: PMC8585878 DOI: 10.1038/s42003-021-02768-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/04/2021] [Accepted: 10/11/2021] [Indexed: 11/08/2022] Open
Abstract
Stone toolmaking is a human motor skill which provides the earliest archeological evidence motor skill and social learning. Intentionally shaping a stone into a functional tool relies on the interaction of action observation and practice to support motor skill acquisition. The emergence of adaptive and efficient visuomotor processes during motor learning of such a novel motor skill requiring complex semantic understanding, like stone toolmaking, is not understood. Through the examination of eye movements and motor skill, the current study sought to evaluate the changes and relationship in perceptuomotor processes during motor learning and performance over 90 h of training. Participants' gaze and motor performance were assessed before, during and following training. Gaze patterns reveal a transition from initially high gaze variability during initial observation to lower gaze variability after training. Perceptual changes were strongly associated with motor performance improvements suggesting a coupling of perceptual and motor processes during motor learning.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
| | - Nikhilesh Natraj
- School of Biological Sciences, Georgia Institute of Technology, Atlanta, GA, USA
- Division of Neurology, UCSF Weill Institute for Neurosciences, San Francisco, CA, USA
| | - Nada Khresdish
- Anthropology Department, Emory University, Atlanta, GA, USA
| | - Justin Pargeter
- Anthropology Department, Emory University, Atlanta, GA, USA
- Department of Anthropology, New York University, New York, NY, USA
| | - Dietrich Stout
- Anthropology Department, Emory University, Atlanta, GA, USA
| | - Lewis A Wheaton
- School of Biological Sciences, Georgia Institute of Technology, Atlanta, GA, USA.
| |
Collapse
|
6
|
Zhang X, Xu G, Ravi A, Pearce S, Jiang N. Can a highly accurate multi-class SSMVEP BCI induce sensory-motor rhythm in sensorimotor area? J Neural Eng 2020; 18. [PMID: 32238617 DOI: 10.1088/1741-2552/ab85b2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/28/2019] [Accepted: 04/01/2020] [Indexed: 01/01/2023]
Abstract
Different visual stimuli might have different effects on the brain, e.g. the change of brightness, non-biological movement and biological movement. In this study, flicker, checkerboard, and gaiting stimuli were chosen as visual stimuli to investigate whether steady-state motion visual evoked potential (SSMVEP) effected on the sensorimotor area for rehabilitation. The gaiting stimulus was designed as the gaiting sequence of a human. The hypothesis is that only observing the designed gaiting stimulus would simultaneously induce 1) SSMVEP in the occipital area, similarly to an SSVEP stimulus; and 2) sensorimotor rhythm (SMR) in the primary sensorimotor area, because such action observation could activate the mirror neuron system. Canonical correlation analysis was used to detect SSMVEP from occipital EEG, and event-related spectral perturbation was used to identify SMR in the EEG from the sensorimotor area. The results showed that the designed gaiting stimulus-induced SSMVEP, with classification accuracies of 88.9 ± 12.0% in a four-class scenario. More importantly, it induced clear and sustained event-related desynchronization/synchronization (ERD/ERS), while no ERD/ERS could be observed when the other two SSVEP stimuli were used. Further, for participants with a sufficiently clear SSMVEP pattern (classification accuracy > 85%), the ERD index values in the mu-beta band induced by the proposed gaiting stimulus were statistically different from that of the other two types of stimulus. Therefore, a novel BCI based on the designed stimulus has potential in neurorehabilitation applications because it simultaneously has the high accuracy of an SSMVEP (~90% accuracy in a four-class setup) and the ability to activate the sensorimotor area.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Xin Zhang
- Xi'an Jiaotong University School of Mechanical Engineering, Xi'an, Shaanxi, CHINA
| | | | - Aravind Ravi
- Systems Design Engineering, University of Waterloo, Waterloo, Ontario, N2L 3G1, CANADA
| | - Sarah Pearce
- University of Waterloo, Waterloo, Ontario, CANADA
| | - Ning Jiang
- Systems Design Engineering, University of Waterloo Faculty of Engineering, Waterloo, Ontario, CANADA
| |
Collapse
|
7
|
Marshall B, Wright DJ, Holmes PS, Wood G. Combining Action Observation and Motor Imagery Improves Eye–Hand Coordination during Novel Visuomotor Task Performance. J Mot Behav 2019; 52:333-341. [DOI: 10.1080/00222895.2019.1626337] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/10/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Ben Marshall
- Department of Sport and Exercise Science, Faculty of Science and Engineering, Research Centre for Musculoskeletal Science and Sports Medicine, Manchester Metropolitan University, Manchester, UK
| | - David J. Wright
- Department of Sport and Exercise Science, Faculty of Science and Engineering, Research Centre for Musculoskeletal Science and Sports Medicine, Manchester Metropolitan University, Manchester, UK
| | - Paul S. Holmes
- Department of Sport and Exercise Science, Faculty of Science and Engineering, Research Centre for Musculoskeletal Science and Sports Medicine, Manchester Metropolitan University, Manchester, UK
| | - Greg Wood
- Department of Sport and Exercise Science, Faculty of Science and Engineering, Research Centre for Musculoskeletal Science and Sports Medicine, Manchester Metropolitan University, Manchester, UK
| |
Collapse
|
8
|
Bayani KY, Lawson RR, Levinson L, Mitchell S, Atawala N, Otwell M, Rickerson B, Wheaton LA. Implicit development of gaze strategies support motor improvements during action encoding training of prosthesis use. Neuropsychologia 2019; 127:75-83. [PMID: 30807755 DOI: 10.1016/j.neuropsychologia.2019.02.015] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/06/2018] [Revised: 02/06/2019] [Accepted: 02/22/2019] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Action observation training has been suggested to facilitate motor improvements in the lives of persons with neural injury. Previous studies have shown that for persons with upper limb amputation, matched limb training, where prosthesis users emulate each other, has shown promise above mismatched training where a prosthesis user emulates actions of a person with sound limbs (most commonly that of a therapist). OBJECTIVE The mechanism underlying the matched limb training benefit is unclear. Gaze strategies may reveal unique patterns between matched and mismatched training which could explain improvements in motor function in matched limb training. METHODS Twenty persons with sound limbs were trained on how to use a prosthesis simulator using matched or mismatched limb training in a single session. Eye movements were recorded during the training phase. Kinematics were recorded as persons performed the task. RESULTS Gaze patterns showed differences between the training groups. The mismatched group demonstrated a higher probability of gaze on the path between the start and end of the action, while the matched group demonstrated a significantly higher probability of focusing on the elements of the path of the action and a trend of focusing on the shoulders. Kinematics also revealed overall improvements in motor control for the matched group. CONCLUSIONS This study proposes a putative mechanism that may explain improvements in matched limb training through shifting gaze strategies. Further work is needed to understand whether implicit visual strategies seen during matched limb training might encourage motor learning during functional training with prostheses.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Kristel Y Bayani
- School of Biological Sciences Georgia Institute of Technology, United States
| | - Regan R Lawson
- School of Biological Sciences Georgia Institute of Technology, United States
| | - Lauren Levinson
- School of Biological Sciences Georgia Institute of Technology, United States
| | - Sarah Mitchell
- School of Biological Sciences Georgia Institute of Technology, United States
| | - Neel Atawala
- School of Biological Sciences Georgia Institute of Technology, United States
| | - Malone Otwell
- School of Biological Sciences Georgia Institute of Technology, United States
| | - Beth Rickerson
- School of Biological Sciences Georgia Institute of Technology, United States
| | - Lewis A Wheaton
- School of Biological Sciences Georgia Institute of Technology, United States.
| |
Collapse
|
9
|
Lim H, Ku J. A Brain-Computer Interface-Based Action Observation Game That Enhances Mu Suppression. IEEE Trans Neural Syst Rehabil Eng 2018; 26:2290-2296. [PMID: 30371380 DOI: 10.1109/tnsre.2018.2878249] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/07/2022]
Abstract
Action observation training based on the theory of activation of the mirror-neuron system has been used for the rehabilitation of patients with stroke. In this paper, we sought to assess whether a brain-computer interface (BCI)-based action observation rehabilitation game, using a flickering action video, could preferentially activate the mirror-neuron system. Feedback of stimulus observation, evoked by the flickering action video, was provided using steady state visually evoked potential and event-related desynchronization. Fifteen healthy subjects have experienced the game with BCI interaction (game and interaction), without BCI interaction (game without interaction), observed non-flickering stimuli, and flickering stimuli without the game background (stimuli only) in a counter-balanced order. The game and interface condition was resulted in significantly stronger activation of the mirror-neuron system than did the other three conditions. In addition, the amount of mirror-neuron system activation is gradually decreased in the game without interface, non-flickering stimuli, and stimuli only conditions in a time-dependent manner; however, in the game and interface condition, the amount of mirror-neuron system activation was maintained until the end of the training. Taken together, these data suggest that the proposed game paradigm, which integrates the action observation paradigm with BCI technology, could provide interactive responses for whether watching video clips can engage patients and enhance rehabilitation.
Collapse
|
10
|
Williams L, Pirouz N, Mizelle JC, Cusack W, Kistenberg R, Wheaton LA. Remodeling of cortical activity for motor control following upper limb loss. Clin Neurophysiol 2016; 127:3128-3134. [PMID: 27472549 DOI: 10.1016/j.clinph.2016.07.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/28/2016] [Revised: 07/05/2016] [Accepted: 07/10/2016] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE Upper extremity loss presents immediate and lasting challenges for motor control. While sensory and motor representations of the amputated limb undergo plasticity to adjacent areas of the sensorimotor homunculus, it remains unclear whether laterality of motor-related activity is affected by neural reorganization following amputation. METHODS Using electroencephalography, we evaluated neural activation patterns of formerly right hand dominant persons with upper limb loss (amputees) performing a motor task with their residual right limb, then their sound left limb. We compared activation patterns with left- and right-handed persons performing the same task. RESULTS Amputees have involvement of contralateral motor areas when using their sound limb and atypically increased activation of posterior parietal regions when using the affected limb. When using the non-amputated left arm, patterns of activation remains similar to right handed persons using their left arm. CONCLUSIONS A remodeling of activations from traditional contralateral motor areas into posterior parietal areas occurs for motor planning and execution when using the amputated limb. This may reflect an amputation-specific adaptation of heightened visuospatial feedback for motor control involving the amputated limb. SIGNIFICANCE These results identify a neuroplastic mechanism for motor control in amputees, which may have great relevance to development of motor rehabilitation paradigms and prosthesis adaptation.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
| | | | - J C Mizelle
- School of Applied Physiology, Georgia Tech, USA; Department of Kinesiology, East Carolina University, USA
| | - William Cusack
- School of Applied Physiology, Georgia Tech, USA; St. Jude Medical, Sunnyvale, CA, USA
| | | | | |
Collapse
|