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Ilboudo Y, Yoshiji S, Lu T, Butler-Laporte G, Zhou S, Richards JB. Vitamin D, Cognition, and Alzheimer's Disease: Observational and Two-Sample Mendelian Randomization Studies. J Alzheimers Dis 2024:JAD221223. [PMID: 38820015 DOI: 10.3233/jad-221223] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/02/2024]
Abstract
Background Observational studies have found that vitamin D supplementation is associated with improved cognition. Further, recent Mendelian randomization (MR) studies have shown that higher vitamin D levels, 25(OH)D, may protect against Alzheimer's disease. Thus, it is possible that 25(OH)D may protect against Alzheimer's disease by improving cognition. Objective We assessed this hypothesis, by examining the relationship between 25(OH)D levels and seven cognitive measurements. Methods To mitigate bias from confounding, we performed two-sample MR analyses. We used instruments from three publications: Manousaki et al. (2020), Sutherland et al. (2022), and the Emerging Risk Factors Collaboration/EPIC-CVD/Vitamin D Studies Collaboration (2021). Results Our observational studies suggested a protective association between 25(OH)D levels and cognitive measures. An increase in the natural log of 25(OH)D by 1 SD was associated with a higher PACC score (BetaPACCscore = 0.06, 95% CI = (0.04-0.08); p = 1.8×10 - 10). However, in the MR analyses, the estimated effect of 25(OH)D on cognitive measures was null. Specifically, per 1 SD increase in genetically estimated natural log of 25(OH)D, the PACC scores remained unchanged in the overall population, (BetaPACCscore = -0.01, 95% CI (-0.06 to 0.03); p = 0.53), and amongst individuals aged over 60 (BetaPACCscore = 0.03, 95% CI (-0.028 to 0.08); p = 0.35). Conclusions In conclusion, our MR study found no clear evidence to support a protective role of increased 25(OH)D concentrations on cognitive performance in European ancestry individuals. However, our study cannot entirely dismiss the potential beneficial effect on PACC for individuals over the age of 60.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yann Ilboudo
- Lady Davis Institute for Medical Research, Jewish General Hospital, Montreal, QC, Canada
- Department of Medicine, McGill University, Montreal, QC, Canada
| | - Satoshi Yoshiji
- Lady Davis Institute for Medical Research, Jewish General Hospital, Montreal, QC, Canada
- Department of Medicine, McGill University, Montreal, QC, Canada
- Department of Human Genetics, McGill University, Montréal, QC, Canada
- Kyoto-McGill International Collaborative Program in Genomic Medicine, Graduate School of Medicine, Kyoto University, Kyoto, Japan
- Japan Society for the Promotion of Science, Japan
| | - Tianyuan Lu
- Lady Davis Institute for Medical Research, Jewish General Hospital, Montreal, QC, Canada
- Department of Statistical Sciences, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON, Canada
- Department of Twin Research, King's College London, London, UK
| | | | - Sirui Zhou
- Lady Davis Institute for Medical Research, Jewish General Hospital, Montreal, QC, Canada
- Department of Human Genetics, McGill University, Montréal, QC, Canada
| | - J Brent Richards
- Lady Davis Institute for Medical Research, Jewish General Hospital, Montreal, QC, Canada
- Department of Medicine, McGill University, Montreal, QC, Canada
- Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, McGill University, Montreal, QC, Canada
- Department of Twin Research, King's College London, London, UK
- 5 Prime Sciences, Montréal, QC, Canada
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2
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Johnson JR, Martini RN, Yuan YC, Woods-Burnham L, Walker M, Ortiz-Hernandez GL, Kobeissy F, Galloway D, Gaddy A, Oguejiofor C, Allen B, Lewis D, Davis MB, Kimbro KS, Yates CC, Murphy AB, Kittles RA. 1,25-Dihydroxyvitamin D 3 Suppresses Prognostic Survival Biomarkers Associated with Cell Cycle and Actin Organization in a Non-Malignant African American Prostate Cell Line. BIOLOGY 2024; 13:346. [PMID: 38785827 PMCID: PMC11118023 DOI: 10.3390/biology13050346] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/08/2024] [Revised: 05/09/2024] [Accepted: 05/10/2024] [Indexed: 05/25/2024]
Abstract
Vitamin D3 is a steroid hormone that confers anti-tumorigenic properties in prostate cells. Serum vitamin D3 deficiency has been associated with advanced prostate cancer (PCa), particularly affecting African American (AA) men. Therefore, elucidating the pleiotropic effects of vitamin D on signaling pathways, essential to maintaining non-malignancy, may provide additional drug targets to mitigate disparate outcomes for men with PCa, especially AA men. We conducted RNA sequencing on an AA non-malignant prostate cell line, RC-77N/E, comparing untreated cells to those treated with 10 nM of vitamin D3 metabolite, 1α,25(OH)2D3, at 24 h. Differential gene expression analysis revealed 1601 significant genes affected by 1α,25(OH)2D3 treatment. Pathway enrichment analysis predicted 1α,25(OH)2D3- mediated repression of prostate cancer, cell proliferation, actin cytoskeletal, and actin-related signaling pathways (p < 0.05). Prioritizing genes with vitamin D response elements and associating expression levels with overall survival (OS) in The Cancer Genome Atlas Prostate Adenocarcinoma (TCGA PRAD) cohort, we identified ANLN (Anillin) and ECT2 (Epithelial Cell Transforming 2) as potential prognostic PCa biomarkers. Both genes were strongly correlated and significantly downregulated by 1α,25(OH)2D3 treatment, where low expression was statistically associated with better overall survival outcomes in the TCGA PRAD public cohort. Increased ANLN and ECT2 mRNA gene expression was significantly associated with PCa, and Gleason scores using both the TCGA cohort (p < 0.05) and an AA non-malignant/tumor-matched cohort. Our findings suggest 1α,25(OH)2D3 regulation of these biomarkers may be significant for PCa prevention. In addition, 1α,25(OH)2D3 could be used as an adjuvant treatment targeting actin cytoskeleton signaling and actin cytoskeleton-related signaling pathways, particularly among AA men.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jabril R. Johnson
- Department of Microbiology, Biochemistry, & Immunology, Morehouse School of Medicine, 720 Westview Drive, Atlanta, GA 30310, USA
- Institute of Translational Genomic Medicine, Morehouse School of Medicine, 720 Westview Drive, Atlanta, GA 30310, USA
| | - Rachel N. Martini
- Department of Microbiology, Biochemistry, & Immunology, Morehouse School of Medicine, 720 Westview Drive, Atlanta, GA 30310, USA
- Institute of Translational Genomic Medicine, Morehouse School of Medicine, 720 Westview Drive, Atlanta, GA 30310, USA
| | - Yate-Ching Yuan
- Department of Computational Quantitative Medicine, Center for Informatics, City of Hope Comprehensive Cancer Center, Duarte, CA 91010, USA
| | - Leanne Woods-Burnham
- Department of Physiology, Morehouse School of Medicine, 720 Westview Drive, Atlanta, GA 30310, USA
| | - Mya Walker
- Department of Diabetes and Cancer Metabolism, Beckman Research Institute, City of Hope Comprehensive Cancer Center, Duarte, CA 91010, USA
| | - Greisha L. Ortiz-Hernandez
- Department of Population Sciences, Beckman Research Institute, City of Hope Comprehensive Cancer Center, Duarte, CA 91010, USA
| | - Firas Kobeissy
- Department of Neurobiology, Center for Neurotrauma, Multiomics & Biomarkers (CNMB), Neuroscience Institute, Morehouse School of Medicine, 720 Westview Dr SW, Atlanta, GA 30310, USA
| | - Dorothy Galloway
- Department of Population Sciences, Beckman Research Institute, City of Hope Comprehensive Cancer Center, Duarte, CA 91010, USA
| | - Amani Gaddy
- Department of Microbiology, Biochemistry, & Immunology, Morehouse School of Medicine, 720 Westview Drive, Atlanta, GA 30310, USA
| | - Chidinma Oguejiofor
- Department of Microbiology, Biochemistry, & Immunology, Morehouse School of Medicine, 720 Westview Drive, Atlanta, GA 30310, USA
| | - Blake Allen
- Department of Microbiology, Biochemistry, & Immunology, Morehouse School of Medicine, 720 Westview Drive, Atlanta, GA 30310, USA
| | - Deyana Lewis
- Department of Community Health and Preventive Medicine, Morehouse School of Medicine, 720 Westview Drive, Atlanta, GA 30310, USA
| | - Melissa B. Davis
- Department of Microbiology, Biochemistry, & Immunology, Morehouse School of Medicine, 720 Westview Drive, Atlanta, GA 30310, USA
- Institute of Translational Genomic Medicine, Morehouse School of Medicine, 720 Westview Drive, Atlanta, GA 30310, USA
| | - K. Sean Kimbro
- Department of Microbiology, Biochemistry, & Immunology, Morehouse School of Medicine, 720 Westview Drive, Atlanta, GA 30310, USA
| | - Clayton C. Yates
- Department of Urology, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD 21205, USA
- Department of Pathology, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD 21205, USA
| | - Adam B. Murphy
- Department of Urology, Feinberg School of Medicine, Northwestern University, Chicago, IL 60611, USA
| | - Rick A. Kittles
- Department of Community Health and Preventive Medicine, Morehouse School of Medicine, 720 Westview Drive, Atlanta, GA 30310, USA
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3
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Johnson JR, Mavingire N, Woods-Burnham L, Walker M, Lewis D, Hooker SE, Galloway D, Rivers B, Kittles RA. The complex interplay of modifiable risk factors affecting prostate cancer disparities in African American men. Nat Rev Urol 2024:10.1038/s41585-023-00849-5. [PMID: 38307952 DOI: 10.1038/s41585-023-00849-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 12/20/2023] [Indexed: 02/04/2024]
Abstract
Prostate cancer is the second most commonly diagnosed non-skin malignancy and the second leading cause of cancer death among men in the USA. However, the mortality rate of African American men aged 40-60 years is almost 2.5-fold greater than that of European American men. Despite screening and diagnostic and therapeutic advances, disparities in prostate cancer incidence and outcomes remain prevalent. The reasons that lead to this disparity in outcomes are complex and multifactorial. Established non-modifiable risk factors such as age and genetic predisposition contribute to this disparity; however, evidence suggests that modifiable risk factors (including social determinants of health, diet, steroid hormones, environment and lack of diversity in enrolment in clinical trials) are prominent contributing factors to the racial disparities observed. Disparities involved in the diagnosis, treatment and survival of African American men with prostate cancer have also been correlated with low socioeconomic status, education and lack of access to health care. The effects and complex interactions of prostate cancer modifiable risk factors are important considerations for mitigating the incidence and outcomes of this disease in African American men.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jabril R Johnson
- Department of Microbiology, Biochemistry & Immunology, Morehouse School of Medicine, Atlanta, GA, USA.
| | - Nicole Mavingire
- Department of Physiology, Morehouse School of Medicine, Atlanta, GA, USA
| | | | - Mya Walker
- Department of Diabetes and Cancer Metabolism, Beckman Research Institute, City of Hope Comprehensive Cancer Center, Duarte, CA, USA
| | - Deyana Lewis
- Department of Community Health and Preventive Medicine, Morehouse School of Medicine, Atlanta, GA, USA
| | - Stanley E Hooker
- Department of Population Sciences, Division of Health Equities, City of Hope Comprehensive Cancer Center, Duarte, CA, USA
| | - Dorothy Galloway
- Department of Population Sciences, Division of Health Equities, City of Hope Comprehensive Cancer Center, Duarte, CA, USA
| | - Brian Rivers
- Department of Community Health and Preventive Medicine, Morehouse School of Medicine, Atlanta, GA, USA
| | - Rick A Kittles
- Department of Community Health and Preventive Medicine, Morehouse School of Medicine, Atlanta, GA, USA
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4
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Vats S, Sundquist K, Sundquist J, Zhang N, Wang X, Acosta S, Gottsäter A, Memon AA. Oxidative stress-related genetic variation and antioxidant vitamin intake in intact and ruptured abdominal aortic aneurysm: a Swedish population-based retrospective cohort study. Eur J Prev Cardiol 2024; 31:61-74. [PMID: 37665957 DOI: 10.1093/eurjpc/zwad271] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/15/2023] [Revised: 08/10/2023] [Accepted: 08/11/2023] [Indexed: 09/06/2023]
Abstract
AIMS The aim of this study is to investigate how genetic variations in genes related to oxidative stress, intake of antioxidant vitamins, and any potential interactions between these factors affect the incidence of intact abdominal aortic aneurysm (AAA) and its rupture (rAAA), accounting for sex differences where possible. METHODS AND RESULTS The present retrospective cohort study (n = 25 252) uses baseline single-nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) and total antioxidant vitamin intake data from the large population-based, Malmö Diet and Cancer Study. Cumulative incidence of intact AAA was 1.6% and of rAAA 0.3% after a median follow-up of 24.3 years. A variant in NOX3 (rs3749930) was associated with higher rAAA risk in males [adjusted hazard ratio (aHR): 2.49; 95% confidence interval (CI): 1.36-4.35] and the overall population (aHR: 1.88; 95% CI: 1.05-3.37). Higher intakes of antioxidant vitamins, riboflavin, and folate were associated with 20% and 19% reduced intact AAA incidence, respectively. Interestingly, the inverse associations between riboflavin and vitamin D intake with intact AAA incidence were stronger in the individuals carrying the NOX3 variant as compared with the wild-type recessive genotype, i.e. by 60% and 66%, respectively (P for interaction < 0.05). Higher riboflavin intake was associated with a 33% male-specific intact AAA risk reduction, while higher intake of vitamin B12 intake was associated with 55% female-specific intact AAA risk increase; both these associations were significantly modified by sex (P for interaction < 0.05). CONCLUSIONS Our findings highlight the role of oxidative stress genetic variations and antioxidant vitamin intake in AAA. Although a low AAA/rAAA sample size limited some analyses, especially in females, our findings highlight the need for future randomized controlled trials and mechanistic studies, to explore the potential benefits of antioxidant vitamins while accounting for genetic and sex differences.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sakshi Vats
- Center for Primary Health Care Research, Wallenberg Laboratory, 5th floor, Inga Marie Nilsson's gata 53, 214 28, Malmö, Sweden
- Center for Primary Health Care Research, Department of Clinical Sciences, Lund University/Region Skåne, Malmö, Sweden
| | - Kristina Sundquist
- Center for Primary Health Care Research, Department of Clinical Sciences, Lund University/Region Skåne, Malmö, Sweden
- Department of Family Medicine and Community Health, Department of Population Health Science and Policy, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, USA
- Center for Community-Based Healthcare Research and Education (CoHRE), Department of Functional Pathology, School of Medicine, Shimane University, Matsue, Japan
| | - Jan Sundquist
- Center for Primary Health Care Research, Department of Clinical Sciences, Lund University/Region Skåne, Malmö, Sweden
- Department of Family Medicine and Community Health, Department of Population Health Science and Policy, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, USA
- Center for Community-Based Healthcare Research and Education (CoHRE), Department of Functional Pathology, School of Medicine, Shimane University, Matsue, Japan
| | - Naiqi Zhang
- Center for Primary Health Care Research, Department of Clinical Sciences, Lund University/Region Skåne, Malmö, Sweden
| | - Xiao Wang
- Center for Primary Health Care Research, Department of Clinical Sciences, Lund University/Region Skåne, Malmö, Sweden
| | - Stefan Acosta
- Department of Clinical Sciences, Lund University, Malmö, Sweden
- Vascular Centre, Department of Cardiothoracic and Vascular Surgery, Skåne University Hospital, Lund University, Malmö, S-205 02, Sweden
| | - Anders Gottsäter
- Vascular Centre, Department of Cardiothoracic and Vascular Surgery, Skåne University Hospital, Lund University, Malmö, S-205 02, Sweden
| | - Ashfaque A Memon
- Center for Primary Health Care Research, Department of Clinical Sciences, Lund University/Region Skåne, Malmö, Sweden
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5
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Welty FK, Daher R, Garelnabi M. Fish and Omega-3 Fatty Acids: Sex and Racial Differences in Cardiovascular Outcomes and Cognitive Function. Arterioscler Thromb Vasc Biol 2024; 44:89-107. [PMID: 37916414 PMCID: PMC10794037 DOI: 10.1161/atvbaha.122.318125] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/01/2022] [Accepted: 10/20/2023] [Indexed: 11/03/2023]
Abstract
Both cardiovascular disease (CVD) and cognitive decline are common features of aging. One in 5 deaths is cardiac for both men and women in the United States, and an estimated 50 million are currently living with dementia worldwide. In this review, we summarize sex and racial differences in the role of fish and its very long chain omega-3 polyunsaturated fatty acids, eicosapentaenoic acid (EPA) and docosahexaenoic acid (DHA), in preventing CVD events and cognitive decline. In prospective studies, women with higher nonfried and fatty fish intake and women and Black individuals with higher plasma levels of EPA and DHA had a lower risk of CVD. In randomized controlled trials of EPA and DHA supplementation in primary CVD prevention, Black subjects benefited in a secondary outcome. In secondary CVD prevention, both men and women benefited, and Asians benefited as a prespecified subgroup. Fish and omega-3 polyunsaturated fatty acids are associated with prevention of cognitive decline in prospective studies. In randomized controlled trials of EPA and DHA supplementation, women have cognitive benefit. DHA seems more beneficial than EPA, and supplementation is more beneficial when started before cognitive decline. Although studies in women and racial groups are limited, life-long intake of nonfried and fatty fish lowers the risk of CVD and cognitive decline, and randomized controlled trials also show the benefit of EPA and DHA supplementation. These findings should be factored into recommendations for future research and clinical recommendations as dietary modalities could be cost-effective for disease prevention.
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Affiliation(s)
- Francine K Welty
- Division of Cardiology, Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center, Harvard Medical School, Boston (F.K.W.)
| | - Ralph Daher
- Department of Internal Medicine, Cooper University Healthcare, Camden, NJ (R.D.)
| | - Mahdi Garelnabi
- Department of Biomedical and Nutritional Sciences, U Mass Lowell Center for Population Health, University of Massachusetts (M.G.)
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6
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Erbay MI, Gamarra Valverde NN, Patel P, Ozkan HS, Wilson A, Banerjee S, Babazade A, Londono V, Sood A, Gupta R. Fish Oil Derivatives in Hypertriglyceridemia: Mechanism and Cardiovascular Prevention: What Do Studies Say? Curr Probl Cardiol 2024; 49:102066. [PMID: 37657524 DOI: 10.1016/j.cpcardiol.2023.102066] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/23/2023] [Accepted: 08/26/2023] [Indexed: 09/03/2023]
Abstract
Hypertriglyceridemia is a type of dyslipidemia characterized by high triglyceride levels in the blood and increases the risk of cardiovascular disease. Conventional management includes antilipidemic medications such as statins, lowering LDL and triglyceride levels as well as raising HDL levels. However, the treatment may be stratified using omega-3 fatty acid supplements such as eicosatetraenoic acid (EPA) and docosahexaenoic acid (DHA), aka fish oil derivatives. Studies have shown that fish oil supplements reduce the risk of cardiovascular diseases; however, the underlying mechanism and the extent of reduction in CVD need more clarification. Our paper aims to review the clinical trials and observational studies in the current literature, investigating the use of fish oil and its benefits on the cardiovascular system as well as the proposed underlying mechanism.
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Affiliation(s)
- Muhammed Ibrahim Erbay
- Department of Medicine, Istanbul University Cerrahpasa, Cerrahpasa School of Medicine, Istanbul, Turkey
| | - Norma Nicole Gamarra Valverde
- Department of Medicine, Alberto Hurtado Faculty of Human Medicine, Facultad de Medicina Alberto Hurtado, Universidad Peruana Cayetano Heredia, Lima, Perú
| | - Parth Patel
- Department of Medicine, University of Missouri Kansas City School of Medicine, Kansas City, MI
| | - Hasan Selcuk Ozkan
- Department of Medicine, Ege University, School of Medicine, Izmir, Turkey
| | - Andre Wilson
- Department of Medicine, Howard University College of Medicine, Washington, D.C
| | - Suvam Banerjee
- Department of Health and Family Welfare, Burdwan Medical College and Hospital, The West Bengal University of Health Sciences, Government of West Bengal, India
| | - Aydan Babazade
- Department of Medicine, Azerbaijan Medical University, School of Medicine, Baku, Azerbaijan
| | - Valeria Londono
- Department of Medicine, Georgetown University School of Medicine, Washington, D.C
| | - Aayushi Sood
- Department of Internal Medicine, The Wright Center for Graduate Medical Education, Scranton, PA
| | - Rahul Gupta
- Department of Cardiology, Lehigh Valley Health Network, Allentown, PA.
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7
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Schooling CM, Kwok MK, Zhao JV. The relationship of fatty acids to ischaemic heart disease and lifespan in men and women using Mendelian randomization. Int J Epidemiol 2023; 52:1845-1852. [PMID: 37536998 DOI: 10.1093/ije/dyad108] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/22/2022] [Accepted: 07/20/2023] [Indexed: 08/05/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Observationally, polyunsaturated fatty acids (PUFAs) have health benefits compared with saturated fatty acids (SFAs); randomized controlled trials suggest fewer benefits. We used uni- and multi-variable Mendelian randomization to assess the association of major fatty acids and their sub-species with ischaemic heart disease (IHD) overall and sex-specifically and with lifespan sex-specifically, given differing lifespan by sex. METHODS We obtained strong (P <5x10-8), independent (r2<0.001) genetic predictors of fatty acids from genome-wide association studies (GWAS) in a random subset of 114 999 UK Biobank participants. We applied these genetic predictors to the Cardiogram IHD GWAS (cases = 60 801, controls = 123 504) and to the Finngen consortium GWAS (cases = 31 640, controls = 187 152) for replication and to the UK Biobank for sex-specific IHD and for lifespan based on parental attained age (fathers = 415 311, mothers = 412 937). We used sensitivity analysis and assessed sex differences where applicable. RESULTS PUFAs were associated with IHD [odds ratio 1.23, 95% confidence interval (CI) 1.05 to 1.44] and lifespan in men (-0.76 years, 95% CI -1.34 to -0.17) but not women (0.20, 95% CI -0.32 to 0.70). Findings were similar for omega-6 fatty acids and linoleic acid. Independent associations of SFAs, mono-unsaturated fatty acids or omega-3 fatty acids with IHD overall or lifespan in men and women were limited. CONCLUSIONS PUFAs, via specific subspecies, may contribute to disparities in lifespan by sex. Sex-specific dietary advice might be a start towards personalized public health and addressing inequities.
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Affiliation(s)
- C Mary Schooling
- School of Public Health, Li Ka Shing Faculty of Medicine, University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, China
- City University of New York, Graduate School of Public Health and Health Policy, New York, NY, USA
| | - Man Ki Kwok
- School of Public Health, Li Ka Shing Faculty of Medicine, University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, China
| | - Jie V Zhao
- School of Public Health, Li Ka Shing Faculty of Medicine, University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, China
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8
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Bassuk SS, Manson JE. Marine omega-3 fatty acid supplementation and prevention of cardiovascular disease: update on the randomized trial evidence. Cardiovasc Res 2023; 119:1297-1309. [PMID: 36378553 PMCID: PMC10262192 DOI: 10.1093/cvr/cvac172] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/12/2022] [Revised: 10/13/2022] [Accepted: 10/17/2022] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
To date, the VITamin D and OmegA-3 TriaL (VITAL) is the only large-scale randomized trial of marine omega-3 fatty acid (n-3 FA) supplementation for cardiovascular disease (CVD) prevention in a general population unselected for elevated cardiovascular risk. We review the findings of VITAL, as well as results from recent secondary prevention trials and updated meta-analyses of n-3 FA trials in the primary and secondary prevention of CVD. In VITAL, a nationwide sample of 25 871 US adults aged 50 and older, including 5106 African Americans, were randomized in a 2 × 2 factorial design to n-3 FAs (1 g/day; 1.2:1 ratio of eicosapentaenoic to docosahexaenoic acid) and vitamin D3 (2000 IU/day) for a median of 5.3 years. Compared with an olive oil placebo, the n-3 FA intervention did not significantly reduce the primary endpoint of major CVD events [composite of myocardial infarction (MI), stroke, and CVD mortality; hazard ratio (HR) = 0.92 (95% confidence interval 0.80-1.06)] but did significantly reduce total MI [HR = 0.72 (0.59-0.90)], percutaneous coronary intervention [HR = 0.78 (0.63-0.95)], fatal MI [HR = 0.50 (0.26-0.97)], and recurrent (but not first) hospitalization for heart failure [HR = 0.86 (0.74-0.998)]. The intervention neither decreased nor increased risk of atrial fibrillation. African Americans derived the greatest treatment benefit for MI and for recurrent hospitalization for heart failure (P interaction < 0.05 for both outcomes). Meta-analyses that include VITAL and high-risk or secondary prevention n-3 FA trials show coronary, but generally not stroke, risk reduction. More research is needed to determine which individuals may be most likely to derive net benefit. (VITAL clinicaltrials.gov identifier: NCT01169259).
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Affiliation(s)
- Shari S Bassuk
- Department of Medicine, Brigham and Women’s Hospital, Harvard Medical School, 900 Commonwealth Avenue, 3rd Floor, Boston, Massachusetts 02215, USA
| | - JoAnn E Manson
- Department of Medicine, Brigham and Women’s Hospital, Harvard Medical School, 900 Commonwealth Avenue, 3rd Floor, Boston, Massachusetts 02215, USA
- Department of Epidemiology, Harvard T.H. Chan School of Public Health, Boston, Massachusetts 02115, USA
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9
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Siddappa M, Hussain S, Wani SA, White J, Tang H, Gray JS, Jafari H, Wu HC, Long MD, Elhussin I, Karanam B, Wang H, Morgan R, Hardiman G, Adelani IB, Rotimi SO, Murphy AR, Nonn L, Davis MB, Kittles RA, Hughes Halbert C, Sucheston-Campbell LE, Yates C, Campbell MJ. African American Prostate Cancer Displays Quantitatively Distinct Vitamin D Receptor Cistrome-transcriptome Relationships Regulated by BAZ1A. CANCER RESEARCH COMMUNICATIONS 2023; 3:621-639. [PMID: 37082578 PMCID: PMC10112383 DOI: 10.1158/2767-9764.crc-22-0389] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/30/2022] [Revised: 01/12/2023] [Accepted: 03/07/2023] [Indexed: 04/22/2023]
Abstract
African American (AA) prostate cancer associates with vitamin D3 deficiency, but vitamin D receptor (VDR) genomic actions have not been investigated in this context. We undertook VDR proteogenomic analyses in European American (EA) and AA prostate cell lines and four clinical cohorts. Rapid immunoprecipitation mass spectrometry of endogenous protein (RIME) analyses revealed that nonmalignant AA RC43N prostate cells displayed the greatest dynamic protein content in the VDR complex. Likewise, in AA cells, Assay for Transposase-Accessible Chromatin using sequencing established greater 1α,25(OH)2D3-regulated chromatin accessibility, chromatin immunoprecipitation sequencing revealed significant enhancer-enriched VDR cistrome, and RNA sequencing identified the largest 1α,25(OH)2D3-dependent transcriptome. These VDR functions were significantly corrupted in the isogenic AA RC43T prostate cancer cells, and significantly distinct from EA cell models. We identified reduced expression of the chromatin remodeler, BAZ1A, in three AA prostate cancer cohorts as well as RC43T compared with RC43N. Restored BAZ1A expression significantly increased 1α,25(OH)2D3-regulated VDR-dependent gene expression in RC43T, but not HPr1AR or LNCaP cells. The clinical impact of VDR cistrome-transcriptome relationships were tested in three different clinical prostate cancer cohorts. Strikingly, only in AA patients with prostate cancer, the genes bound by VDR and/or associated with 1α,25(OH)2D3-dependent open chromatin (i) predicted progression from high-grade prostatic intraepithelial neoplasia to prostate cancer; (ii) responded to vitamin D3 supplementation in prostate cancer tumors; (iii) differentially responded to 25(OH)D3 serum levels. Finally, partial correlation analyses established that BAZ1A and components of the VDR complex identified by RIME significantly strengthened the correlation between VDR and target genes in AA prostate cancer only. Therefore, VDR transcriptional control is most potent in AA prostate cells and distorted through a BAZ1A-dependent control of VDR function. Significance Our study identified that genomic ancestry drives the VDR complex composition, genomic distribution, and transcriptional function, and is disrupted by BAZ1A and illustrates a novel driver for AA prostate cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Manjunath Siddappa
- Pharmaceutics and Pharmaceutical Chemistry, College of Pharmacy, The Ohio State University, Columbus, Ohio
| | - Shahid Hussain
- Pharmaceutics and Pharmaceutical Chemistry, College of Pharmacy, The Ohio State University, Columbus, Ohio
| | - Sajad A. Wani
- Pharmaceutics and Pharmaceutical Chemistry, College of Pharmacy, The Ohio State University, Columbus, Ohio
| | - Jason White
- Department of Biology and Center for Cancer Research, Tuskegee University, Tuskegee, Alabama
| | - Hancong Tang
- Pharmaceutics and Pharmaceutical Chemistry, College of Pharmacy, The Ohio State University, Columbus, Ohio
| | - Jaimie S. Gray
- Pharmaceutics and Pharmaceutical Chemistry, College of Pharmacy, The Ohio State University, Columbus, Ohio
| | - Hedieh Jafari
- Pharmaceutics and Pharmaceutical Chemistry, College of Pharmacy, The Ohio State University, Columbus, Ohio
| | - Hsu-Chang Wu
- Pharmaceutics and Pharmaceutical Chemistry, College of Pharmacy, The Ohio State University, Columbus, Ohio
| | - Mark D. Long
- Department of Biostatistics and Bioinformatics, Roswell Park Comprehensive Cancer Center, Buffalo, New York
| | - Isra Elhussin
- Department of Biology and Center for Cancer Research, Tuskegee University, Tuskegee, Alabama
| | - Balasubramanyam Karanam
- Department of Biology and Center for Cancer Research, Tuskegee University, Tuskegee, Alabama
| | - Honghe Wang
- Department of Biology and Center for Cancer Research, Tuskegee University, Tuskegee, Alabama
| | - Rebecca Morgan
- School of Biological Sciences, Institute for Global Food Security, Queen's University Belfast, Belfast, United Kingdom
| | - Gary Hardiman
- School of Biological Sciences, Institute for Global Food Security, Queen's University Belfast, Belfast, United Kingdom
- Department of Medicine, Medical University of South Carolina, Charleston, South Carolina
| | | | - Solomon O. Rotimi
- Department of Biochemistry, Covenant University, Ota, Ogun State, Nigeria
| | - Adam R. Murphy
- Department of Urology, Northwestern Medicine, Chicago, Illinois
| | - Larisa Nonn
- Department of Pathology, University of Illinois at Chicago, Chicago, Illinois
| | - Melissa B. Davis
- Department of Surgery, Weill Cornell Medicine, New York City, New York
| | - Rick A. Kittles
- Division of Health Equities, Department of Population Sciences, City of Hope, Duarte, California
| | - Chanita Hughes Halbert
- Department of Population and Public Health Sciences, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, California
- Norris Comprehensive Cancer Center, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, California
| | - Lara E. Sucheston-Campbell
- Division of Pharmacy Practice and Science, College of Pharmacy, The Ohio State University, Columbus, Ohio
- Department of Veterinary Biosciences, College of Veterinary Medicine, The Ohio State University, Columbus, Ohio
| | - Clayton Yates
- Department of Biology and Center for Cancer Research, Tuskegee University, Tuskegee, Alabama
- Department of Pathology, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, Maryland
- Department of Pathology, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, Maryland
- Department of Oncology Sidney Kimmel Comprehensive Cancer Center, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, Maryland
| | - Moray J. Campbell
- Pharmaceutics and Pharmaceutical Chemistry, College of Pharmacy, The Ohio State University, Columbus, Ohio
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10
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Garcia J, Krieger KD, Loitz C, Perez LM, Richards ZA, Helou Y, Kregel S, Celada S, Mesaros CA, Bosland M, Gann PH, Willnow TE, Vander Griend D, Kittles R, Prins GS, Penning T, Nonn L. Regulation of Prostate Androgens by Megalin and 25-hydroxyvitamin D Status: Mechanism for High Prostate Androgens in African American Men. CANCER RESEARCH COMMUNICATIONS 2023; 3:371-382. [PMID: 36875158 PMCID: PMC9983358 DOI: 10.1158/2767-9764.crc-22-0362] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/09/2022] [Revised: 01/03/2023] [Accepted: 02/03/2023] [Indexed: 02/11/2023]
Abstract
Vitamin D deficiency is associated with an increased risk of prostate cancer mortality and is hypothesized to contribute to prostate cancer aggressiveness and disparities in African American populations. The prostate epithelium was recently shown to express megalin, an endocytic receptor that internalizes circulating globulin-bound hormones, which suggests regulation of intracellular prostate hormone levels. This contrasts with passive diffusion of hormones that is posited by the free hormone hypothesis. Here, we demonstrate that megalin imports testosterone bound to sex hormone-binding globulin into prostate cells. Prostatic loss of Lrp2 (megalin) in a mouse model resulted in reduced prostate testosterone and dihydrotestosterone levels. Megalin expression was regulated and suppressed by 25-hydroxyvitamin D (25D) in cell lines, patient-derived prostate epithelial cells, and prostate tissue explants. In patients, the relationships between hormones support this regulatory mechanism, as prostatic DHT levels are higher in African American men and are inversely correlated with serum 25D status. Megalin levels are reduced in localized prostate cancer by Gleason grade. Our findings suggest that the free hormone hypothesis should be revisited for testosterone and highlight the impact of vitamin D deficiency on prostate androgen levels, which is a known driver of prostate cancer. Thus, we revealed a mechanistic link between vitamin D and prostate cancer disparities observed in African Americans. Significance These findings link vitamin D deficiency and the megalin protein to increased levels of prostate androgens, which may underpin the disparity in lethal prostate cancer in African America men.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jason Garcia
- Department of Pathology, University of Illinois at Chicago, Chicago, Illinois
| | - Kirsten D. Krieger
- Department of Pathology, University of Illinois at Chicago, Chicago, Illinois
| | - Candice Loitz
- Department of Pathology, University of Illinois at Chicago, Chicago, Illinois
| | - Lillian M. Perez
- Department of Pathology, University of Illinois at Chicago, Chicago, Illinois
- University of Illinois Cancer Center, Chicago, Illinois
| | - Zachary A. Richards
- Department of Pathology, University of Illinois at Chicago, Chicago, Illinois
| | - Yves Helou
- Department of Pathology, University of Illinois at Chicago, Chicago, Illinois
| | - Steve Kregel
- Department of Pathology, University of Illinois at Chicago, Chicago, Illinois
| | - Sasha Celada
- Department of Pathology, University of Illinois at Chicago, Chicago, Illinois
| | - Clementina A. Mesaros
- Department of Systems Pharmacology & Translational Therapeutics, University of Pennsylvania Perelman School of Medicine, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania
- Center of Excellence in Environmental Toxicology, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania
| | - Maarten Bosland
- Department of Pathology, University of Illinois at Chicago, Chicago, Illinois
- University of Illinois Cancer Center, Chicago, Illinois
| | - Peter H. Gann
- Department of Pathology, University of Illinois at Chicago, Chicago, Illinois
- University of Illinois Cancer Center, Chicago, Illinois
| | | | - Donald Vander Griend
- Department of Pathology, University of Illinois at Chicago, Chicago, Illinois
- University of Illinois Cancer Center, Chicago, Illinois
| | - Rick Kittles
- Department of Population Sciences, City of Hope, Duarte, California
| | - Gail S. Prins
- Department of Pathology, University of Illinois at Chicago, Chicago, Illinois
- University of Illinois Cancer Center, Chicago, Illinois
- Departments of Urology, Physiology and Biophysics, University of Illinois at Chicago, Chicago, Illinois
| | - Trevor Penning
- Department of Systems Pharmacology & Translational Therapeutics, University of Pennsylvania Perelman School of Medicine, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania
- Center of Excellence in Environmental Toxicology, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania
| | - Larisa Nonn
- Department of Pathology, University of Illinois at Chicago, Chicago, Illinois
- University of Illinois Cancer Center, Chicago, Illinois
- Corresponding Author: Larisa Nonn, University of Illinois at Chicago, 130 CSN, MC 847, 840 S. Wood St, Chicago, IL 60612. Phone: 312-996-0194; E-mail:
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11
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Sheehy S, Palmer JR, Cozier Y, Bertrand KA, Rosenberg L. Vitamin D and risk of hypertension among Black women. J Clin Hypertens (Greenwich) 2023; 25:168-174. [PMID: 36606491 PMCID: PMC9903189 DOI: 10.1111/jch.14615] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/05/2022] [Revised: 11/30/2022] [Accepted: 12/05/2022] [Indexed: 01/07/2023]
Abstract
Evidence of an association between plasma 25-hydroxyvitamin D [25(OH)D] levels and risk of hypertension, predominantly from studies of White individuals, suggests an inverse relationship. Limited data are available on Black individuals, who are more likely to have vitamin D deficiency. In the Black Women's Health Study (BWHS), a prospective study of 59 000 self-identified Black women from across the US, we assessed levels of a validated predicted vitamin D score in relation to incident hypertension. We followed 42 239 participants who were free of cardiovascular disease and cancer from 1995 to 2019, during which time 19 505 incident cases of hypertension were identified. Cox proportional hazards model were used to calculate multivariable-adjusted hazard ratios (HRs) and 95% confidence intervals (CIs) for the association of predicted vitamin D with the risk of incident hypertension. In age-adjusted analyses, there was a strong inverse dose-response association between predicted vitamin D score and hypertension risk, with an HR of .66 (95% CI: .63-.68, p trend < .0001) for the highest quartile of predicted vitamin D relative to the lowest. After control for potential confounders including body mass index, physical activity, and cigarette smoking, the HR was attenuated to .91 (95% CI: .87-.95, p trend = .002). In this prospective cohort study of Black women, predicted vitamin D score was weakly inversely associated with the incidence of hypertension. This observed association may reflect an inability to fully control for confounding factors.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shanshan Sheehy
- Slone Epidemiology CenterBoston UniversityBostonMassachusettsUSA
| | - Julie R. Palmer
- Slone Epidemiology CenterBoston UniversityBostonMassachusettsUSA
| | - Yvette Cozier
- Slone Epidemiology CenterBoston UniversityBostonMassachusettsUSA,Boston University School of Public HealthBostonMassachusettsUSA
| | | | - Lynn Rosenberg
- Slone Epidemiology CenterBoston UniversityBostonMassachusettsUSA
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12
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Hussain S, Yates C, Campbell MJ. Vitamin D and Systems Biology. Nutrients 2022; 14:nu14245197. [PMID: 36558356 PMCID: PMC9782494 DOI: 10.3390/nu14245197] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/26/2022] [Revised: 11/28/2022] [Accepted: 12/01/2022] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
The biological actions of the vitamin D receptor (VDR) have been investigated intensively for over 100 years and has led to the identification of significant insights into the repertoire of its biological actions. These were initially established to be centered on the regulation of calcium transport in the colon and deposition in bone. Beyond these well-known calcemic roles, other roles have emerged in the regulation of cell differentiation processes and have an impact on metabolism. The purpose of the current review is to consider where applying systems biology (SB) approaches may begin to generate a more precise understanding of where the VDR is, and is not, biologically impactful. Two SB approaches have been developed and begun to reveal insight into VDR biological functions. In a top-down SB approach genome-wide scale data are statistically analyzed, and from which a role for the VDR emerges in terms of being a hub in a biological network. Such approaches have confirmed significant roles, for example, in myeloid differentiation and the control of inflammation and innate immunity. In a bottom-up SB approach, current biological understanding is built into a kinetic model which is then applied to existing biological data to explain the function and identify unknown behavior. To date, this has not been applied to the VDR, but has to the related ERα and identified previously unknown mechanisms of control. One arena where applying top-down and bottom-up SB approaches may be informative is in the setting of prostate cancer health disparities.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shahid Hussain
- Division of Pharmaceutics and Pharmaceutical Chemistry, College of Pharmacy, The Ohio State University, Columbus, OH 43210, USA
| | - Clayton Yates
- Department of Biology and Center for Cancer Research, Tuskegee University, Tuskegee, AL 36088, USA
- Department of Pathology, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD 21287, USA
- Department of Oncology Sidney Kimmel Comprehensive Cancer Center, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD 21287, USA
| | - Moray J. Campbell
- Division of Pharmaceutics and Pharmaceutical Chemistry, College of Pharmacy, The Ohio State University, Columbus, OH 43210, USA
- Correspondence:
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