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Wang SM, Lam BYH, Kuo LC, Hsu HM, Ouyang WC. Facial and upper-limb movement abnormalities in individuals with psychotic-like experiences: a motion analysis study. Eur Arch Psychiatry Clin Neurosci 2023; 273:1369-1377. [PMID: 36350375 DOI: 10.1007/s00406-022-01517-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/29/2022] [Accepted: 10/26/2022] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
Abstract
Slow movements and irregular muscle contraction have been reported separately in different studies targeting individuals with psychotic-like experiences (PLEs). To date, it remains unknown whether these two movement abnormalities, possibly associated with hypo- and hyper-dopaminergia, respectively, co-existed in one sample with PLEs and interrelated in the early stage of psychotic progression. Therefore, this study was to examine if facial and upper-limb slow movements and irregular muscle contraction co-existed in individuals with PLEs, interrelated, and were associated with PLEs. A total of 26 individuals with PLEs, who were identified using the 16-item Prodromal Questionnaire, and 26 age- and gender-matched healthy controls received the facial and upper-limb movement measurement. A motion capture system was used to record the movement procedure and thus calculate kinematic variables that represented severity of slow movements and irregular muscle contraction. Results showed that facial and upper-limb slow movements and facial irregular muscle contraction existed in individuals with PLEs. For the total sample, slower facial movements were associated with less regular facial muscle contraction; slower upper-limb movements were associated with less regular upper-limb muscle contraction. Slower and less regular facial and upper-limb movements were associated with more severe PLEs. Compensatory changes in dopaminergic neural pathways in response to elevated dopamine might explain connection between slow movements and irregular muscle contraction. Because of the ability to detect facial and upper-limb movement abnormalities objectively and sensitively, motion analysis has great applicability to sensorimotor studies for people in the psychosis continuum.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shu-Mei Wang
- Department of Rehabilitation Sciences, The Hong Kong Polytechnic University, 11 Yuk Choi Rd, Hung Hom, Kowloon, Hong Kong.
| | - Bess Yin-Hung Lam
- Department of Counselling and Psychology, Hong Kong Shue Yan University, North Point, Hong Kong
| | - Li-Chieh Kuo
- Department of Occupational Therapy, College of Medicine, National Cheng Kung University, Tainan, Taiwan
- Medical Device Innovation Center, National Cheng Kung University, Tainan, Taiwan
- Institute of Allied Health Sciences, College of Medicine, National Cheng Kung University, Tainan, Taiwan
| | - Hsiao-Man Hsu
- Clinical Medicine and Advanced Applied Research Department, Point Robotics Medtech Incorporation, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Wen-Chen Ouyang
- Department of Geriatric Psychiatry, Jianan Psychiatric Center, Ministry of Health and Welfare, Tainan, Taiwan
- Department of Nursing, Shu-Zen Junior College of Medicine and Management, Kaohsiung, Taiwan
- Department of Psychiatry, College of Medicine, Kaohsiung Medical University, Kaohsiung, Taiwan
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Slovák L, Sarvestan J, Iwatsuki T, Zahradník D, Land WM, Abdollahipour R. External focus of attention enhances arm velocities during volleyball spike in young female players. Front Psychol 2023; 13:1041871. [PMID: 36687905 PMCID: PMC9851077 DOI: 10.3389/fpsyg.2022.1041871] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/11/2022] [Accepted: 12/02/2022] [Indexed: 01/07/2023] Open
Abstract
The aim of this study was to investigate the effect of different volleyball-specific attentional focus instructions on arm velocities of a volleyball spike in young female volleyball players using the Statistical Parametric Mapping method. Twelve young female volleyball players (13.6 ± 0.6 years old, 1.8 ± 0.8 years of experience in volleyball training) were asked to perform a volleyball spike in a standing position in three different attentional focus conditions including internal focus (IF, i.e., pull back your elbow prior to transfer momentum), external focus, (EF, i.e., imagine cracking a whip to transfer momentum), and control (CON, i.e., no-focus instruction). A Qualisys 3D motion capture-system was used to track reflective markers attached to the arm, forearm, and hand. Consequently, four phases of the volleyball spike including wind-up, cocking, acceleration, and follow-through were analyzed. A one-way repeated-measure ANOVA using one-dimensional statistical parametric mapping (SPM1d) showed that players achieved greater velocities in the hand (p < 0.01), forearm (p < 0.01), and arm (p < 0.01) using the EF instructions from the start of the wind-up phase to the acceleration phase. Post-hoc (SPM1d-t-tests-paired) analyses indicated significantly greater arm, forearm, and hand velocities during the EF condition, compared to CON (p < 0.01, p < 0.01, and p < 0.01 respectively) and IF (p < 0.01, p < 0.01, and p < 0.01 respectively) conditions. These findings suggest that EF instructions had an immediate impact on increasing volleyball spike velocity from the start of the wind-up phase to the acceleration phase prior to ball contact.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lukáš Slovák
- Human Motion Diagnostic Centre, University of Ostrava, Ostrava, Czechia,*Correspondence: Lukáš Slovák,
| | - Javad Sarvestan
- Human Motion Diagnostic Centre, University of Ostrava, Ostrava, Czechia,Department of Natural Sciences in Kinanthropology, Faculty of Physical Culture, Palacký University Olomouc, Olomouc, Czechia,Translational and Clinical Research Institute, Faculty of Medical Sciences, Newcastle University, Newcastle Upon Tyne, United Kingdom
| | - Takehiro Iwatsuki
- Department of Kinesiology and Exercise Sciences, University of Hawaiʻi at Hilo, Hilo, HI, United States
| | - David Zahradník
- Human Motion Diagnostic Centre, University of Ostrava, Ostrava, Czechia
| | - William M. Land
- Department of Kinesiology, College for Health, Community and Policy, The University of Texas at San Antonio, San Antonio, TX, United States
| | - Reza Abdollahipour
- Department of Natural Sciences in Kinanthropology, Faculty of Physical Culture, Palacký University Olomouc, Olomouc, Czechia
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Wang SM, Chan ST, Wong YL, Hsu HM, Lee CY, Check CY, Leung CK. Rhythmic auditory stimulation incorporated in training improved movements in individuals with psychotic-like experiences. Eur Arch Psychiatry Clin Neurosci 2022:10.1007/s00406-022-01524-3. [PMID: 36422679 DOI: 10.1007/s00406-022-01524-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/15/2022] [Accepted: 11/15/2022] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
Abstract
Movement abnormalities, including movement slowing and irregular muscle contraction, exist in individuals with psychotic-like experiences (PLEs) and serve as vulnerable factors of developing psychotic diseases in the psychosis continuum. To date scarce studies have developed early intervention programs tackling these initial impairments, which may be caused by basal ganglia alterations, in the early stage of the psychosis course. Rhythmic auditory stimulation (RAS) is a technique of neurological music therapy and has been proved effective in inducing faster movements in patients with psychotic diseases. This pilot study examined if RAS incorporated in functional movement training reduced severity of movement slowing and irregular muscle contraction in individuals with PLEs. Seventeen individuals with PLEs were randomly allocated to receiving RAS or receiving no RAS and underwent daily 40-min movement training (picking up beans) for three weeks. This study used motion analysis to measure movement performance at pretest and posttest. Eighteen age- and gender-matched individuals without PLEs were also recruited to provide data of intact movements. Results showed that RAS may reduce severity of movement slowing and irregular muscle contraction in individuals with PLEs. This pilot study is one of the pioneering studies validating effectiveness of early intervention programs tackling movement abnormalities, which are initial impairments in the psychosis continuum, in individuals with PLEs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shu-Mei Wang
- Department of Rehabilitation Sciences, The Hong Kong Polytechnic University, 11 Yuk Choi Rd, Hung Hom, Kowloon, Hong Kong.
| | - Sin-Tung Chan
- Department of Rehabilitation Sciences, The Hong Kong Polytechnic University, 11 Yuk Choi Rd, Hung Hom, Kowloon, Hong Kong
| | - Yuk-Lin Wong
- Department of Rehabilitation Sciences, The Hong Kong Polytechnic University, 11 Yuk Choi Rd, Hung Hom, Kowloon, Hong Kong
| | - Hsiao-Man Hsu
- Clinical Medicine and Advanced Applied Research Department, Point Robotics Medtech Incorporation, New Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Cheuk-Yan Lee
- Department of Rehabilitation Sciences, The Hong Kong Polytechnic University, 11 Yuk Choi Rd, Hung Hom, Kowloon, Hong Kong
| | - Chung-Yin Check
- Department of Rehabilitation Sciences, The Hong Kong Polytechnic University, 11 Yuk Choi Rd, Hung Hom, Kowloon, Hong Kong
| | - Cheuk-Kiu Leung
- Department of Rehabilitation Sciences, The Hong Kong Polytechnic University, 11 Yuk Choi Rd, Hung Hom, Kowloon, Hong Kong
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Wang SM, Ouyang WC, Hsu HM, Hsu LT. An Instrumental Measure of Hand and Facial Movement Abnormalities in Patients With Schizophrenia. Front Psychiatry 2022; 13:803661. [PMID: 35308887 PMCID: PMC8931260 DOI: 10.3389/fpsyt.2022.803661] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/28/2021] [Accepted: 01/18/2022] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Movement disorders have been suggested to be a cardinal component of schizophrenia. With increased research interests in this area, instrumental measures are needed. This study was to examine if the motion capture system was reliable in measuring hand and facial bradykinesia and dyskinesia and more sensitive to detecting movement differences between schizophrenia patients and healthy people than traditional rating scales. METHODS Sixteen schizophrenia patients and 20 control subjects were recruited. Hand and facial bradykinesia and dyskinesia were measured using the motion capture system and rated using the Extrapyramidal Symptom Rating Scale and the Abnormal Involuntary Movement Scale. RESULTS The system showed strong test-retest reliability and generated larger effect sizes of group differences than did the rating scales. CONCLUSIONS The results may support researchers and clinical practitioners to apply the system to sensitively measuring the hand and facial movement symptoms in schizophrenia patients, which contributes to gaining a deep understanding of movement issues in schizophrenia.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shu-Mei Wang
- Department of Rehabilitation Sciences, The Hong Kong Polytechnic University, Kowloon, Hong Kong SAR, China
| | - Wen-Chen Ouyang
- Department of Geriatric Psychiatry, Jianan Psychiatric Center, Ministry of Health and Welfare, Tainan, Taiwan.,Department of Nursing, Shu-Zen Junior College of Medicine and Management, Kaohsiung, Taiwan.,Department of Psychiatry, College of Medicine, Kaohsiung Medical University, Kaohsiung, Taiwan
| | - Hsiao-Man Hsu
- Institute of Biomedical Engineering, College of Engineering, National Cheng Kung University, Tainan, Taiwan
| | - Li-Ta Hsu
- Department of Aeronautical and Aviation Engineering, The Hong Kong Polytechnic University, Kowloon, Hong Kong SAR, China
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Wang SM, Lin CY, Tse THY, Chu HL, Liu CH, Ng TH, Tse CK, Wong WM, Chan SHW. Effects of rhythmic auditory stimulation on upper-limb movement speed in patients with schizophrenia spectrum disorders. Eur Arch Psychiatry Clin Neurosci 2021; 271:1445-1453. [PMID: 32940786 DOI: 10.1007/s00406-020-01193-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/18/2020] [Accepted: 09/01/2020] [Indexed: 01/11/2023]
Abstract
Movement slowness, linked to dysfunctional basal ganglia and cerebellum, is prevalent but lacks effective therapy in patients with schizophrenia spectrum disorders. This study was to examine immediate effects of rhythmic auditory stimulation (RAS) on upper-limb movement speed in patients. Thirty patients and 30 psychiatrically healthy people executed the right-hand task and the both-hand task of the Purdue Pegboard Test when listening to RAS with two tempi: normal (equal to the fastest movement tempo for each participant without RAS) and fast (120% of the normal tempo). The testing order of the RAS tempi for each participant was randomized. Patients had lower scores of right-hand and both-hand tasks than did psychiatrically healthy people. Scores of right-hand and both-hand tasks were higher in the fast-RAS condition than the normal-RAS condition in participants. This is the first study to explore the possibility of applying RAS to movement therapy for patients with schizophrenia spectrum disorders. The results demonstrated that faster RAS was effective in inducing faster upper-limb movements in patients and psychiatrically healthy people, suggesting that manipulating RAS may be a feasible therapeutic strategy utilized to regulate movement speed. The RAS may involve alternative neural pathways to modulate movement speed and thus to compensate for impaired function of basal ganglia and cerebellum in patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shu-Mei Wang
- Department of Rehabilitation Sciences, The Hong Kong Polytechnic University, 11 Yuk Choi Rd, Hung Hom, Kowloon, Hong Kong.
| | - Chung-Ying Lin
- Institute of Allied Health Sciences, National Cheng Kung University Hospital, College of Medicine, National Cheng Kung University, Tainan, Taiwan
| | - Tracy Ho-Yan Tse
- New Life Psychiatric Rehabilitation Association, New Territories, Tuen Mun, Hong Kong
| | - Hin-Lun Chu
- Department of Rehabilitation Sciences, The Hong Kong Polytechnic University, 11 Yuk Choi Rd, Hung Hom, Kowloon, Hong Kong
| | - Cheong-Ho Liu
- Department of Rehabilitation Sciences, The Hong Kong Polytechnic University, 11 Yuk Choi Rd, Hung Hom, Kowloon, Hong Kong
| | - Tsz-Ho Ng
- Department of Rehabilitation Sciences, The Hong Kong Polytechnic University, 11 Yuk Choi Rd, Hung Hom, Kowloon, Hong Kong
| | - Chun-Kwok Tse
- Department of Rehabilitation Sciences, The Hong Kong Polytechnic University, 11 Yuk Choi Rd, Hung Hom, Kowloon, Hong Kong
| | - Wai-Man Wong
- Department of Rehabilitation Sciences, The Hong Kong Polytechnic University, 11 Yuk Choi Rd, Hung Hom, Kowloon, Hong Kong
| | - Sunny Ho-Wan Chan
- Department of Rehabilitation Sciences, The Hong Kong Polytechnic University, 11 Yuk Choi Rd, Hung Hom, Kowloon, Hong Kong
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Effects of different types of sensory signals on reaching performance in persons with chronic schizophrenia. PLoS One 2020; 15:e0234976. [PMID: 32579579 PMCID: PMC7314021 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0234976] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/19/2019] [Accepted: 06/06/2020] [Indexed: 11/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Previous studies have reported movement abnormalities in persons with schizophrenia. This study aimed to examine the differences between persons with chronic schizophrenia and healthy control participants in reaching movement and the effects of sensory signals on reaching performance in persons with chronic schizophrenia. A counter-balanced repeated-measures design was employed. Twenty persons with schizophrenia and 20 age- and gender-matched control participants were recruited in this study. Reaching performance was measured in three types of sensory signal conditions (visual, auditory, and no signal), i.e., two externally triggered and one self-initiated movement were assessed in reaction time/inter-response interval, movement time, peak velocity, percentage of time in which peak velocity occurred, and movement units. The results revealed significant main effects of group in reaction time/inter-response interval (p = 0.003), movement time (p < 0.001), peak velocity (p < 0.001), and movement units (p < 0.001). The persons with chronic schizophrenia demonstrated slower response to signals and in self-initiated movement, increased movement time, and less forceful and less smooth movement compared to healthy control participants when performing the reaching task. The interaction effect between group and signal in reaction time/inter-response interval was also significant (p < 0.001). The inter-response interval for self-initiated reaching was the shortest in healthy controls. Conversely, the inter-response interval for self-initiated reaching was the longest in persons with schizophrenia. The main effect of the signal on movement time was significant (p < 0.001). The movement time of reaching was longer in response to the auditory signal than in response to visual or self-initiated. The differences in percentages of time in which peak velocity occurred between persons with schizophrenia and healthy controls (p > 0.01) and across the three conditions (p > 0.01) were non-significant. Neither duration of illness nor antipsychotic dosage was significantly associated with reaching performance (all p > 0.01). In conclusion, these findings indicate that reaching movement in persons with chronic schizophrenia is slower, less forceful, and less coordinated compared to healthy control participants. In addition, persons with chronic schizophrenia also had shorter inter-response interval for self-initiated movement and shorter movement time in auditory signal condition, independent of duration of illness and antipsychotic dosage.
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