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Tetè S, Tripodi D, Rosati M, Conti F, Maccauro G, Saggini A, Salini V, Cianchetti E, Caraffa A, Antinolfi P, Toniato E, Castellani ML, Pandolfi F, Frydas S, Conti P, Theoharides TC. Endothelial cells, cholesterol, cytokines, and aging. Int J Immunopathol Pharmacol 2012; 25:355-63. [PMID: 22697067 DOI: 10.1177/039463201202500205] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/23/2023] Open
Abstract
It has been reported that high levels of cholesterol and triglycerides are associated with increased risk of developing atherosclerosis and shorter life. In fact, vascular endothelial dysfunction occurs during the human aging process. Accumulation of lipids in vascular endothelium activates leukocytes to produce cytokines and chemokines which recruit macrophages. On the other hand, macrophages augment inflammatory response and secrete vascular endothelial growth factor, a key cytokine that mediates angiogenesis and inflammatory response. In addition, hyperlipidaemia is one of the main risk factors for aging, hypertension and diabetes. Here, we review the interrelationship between endothelial cells, high level of cholesterol, and aging.
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Tetè S, Tripodi D, Rosati M, Conti F, Maccauro G, Saggini A, Cianchetti E, Caraffa A, Antinolfi P, Toniato E, Castellani M, Conti P, Theoharides T. IL-37 (IL-1F7) the Newest Anti-Inflammatory Cytokine Which Suppresses Immune Responses and Inflammation. Int J Immunopathol Pharmacol 2012; 25:31-8. [DOI: 10.1177/039463201202500105] [Citation(s) in RCA: 57] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Cytokines such as interleukins, chemokines and interferons are immunomodulating and inflammatory agents, characterized by considerable redundancy, in that many cytokines appear to share similar functions. Virtually all nucleated cells, but especially epithelial cells and macrophages, are potent producers of cytokines. The objective of this study is to review the detailed mechanism of action and the biological profiles of IL-37, the newest anti-inflammatory cytokine. This review focuses on IL-37, a key cytokine in regulating inflammatory responses, mainly by inhibiting the expression, production and function of proinflammatory cytokines: IL-1 family pro-inflammatory effects are markedly suppressed by IL-37.
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Affiliation(s)
- S. Tetè
- Dental School, University of Chieti-Pescara, Italy
| | - D. Tripodi
- Dental School, University of Chieti-Pescara, Italy
| | - M. Rosati
- Gynecology Division, Pescara Hospital, Pescara, Italy
| | - F. Conti
- Gynecology Division, Pescara Hospital, Pescara, Italy
| | - G. Maccauro
- Department of Orthopedics, Catholic University of Rome, Rome, Italy
| | - A. Saggini
- Department of Dermatology, University of Rome Tor Vergata, Rome, Italy
| | - E. Cianchetti
- Ortona Hospital, University of Chieti-Pescara, Italy
| | - A. Caraffa
- Department of Orthopedics, University of Perugia, Perugia, Italy
| | - P. Antinolfi
- Department of Orthopedics, University of Perugia, Perugia, Italy
| | - E. Toniato
- Immunology Division, University of Chieti-Pescara, Italy
| | | | - P. Conti
- Immunology Division, University of Chieti-Pescara, Italy
| | - T.C. Theoharides
- Department of Physiology and Pharmacology, Tufts University School of Medicine, New England Medical Center, Boston, MA, USA
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