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Andraus GS, Vieira FM, Candido GDM, Patino GP, Bernardelli RS, de Palma HLA. Associations between Lifestyle and Sociodemographic Factors in Medical Students: A Cross Sectional Study. J Lifestyle Med 2023; 13:73-82. [PMID: 37250281 PMCID: PMC10210967 DOI: 10.15280/jlm.2023.13.1.73] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/24/2022] [Revised: 01/15/2023] [Accepted: 02/16/2023] [Indexed: 05/31/2023] Open
Abstract
Background Identifying lifestyle characteristics in higher education can lead to effective interventions that benefit both individuals and communities. Methods This cross-sectional survey-based study was conducted on medical students of a private university using the Fantastic Lifestyle Questionnaire (FLQ) to assess healthy lifestyles, as well as a custom sociodemographic questionnaire. Additionally, correlations among sociodemographic factors and alcohol intake, activity, tobacco and toxins, family and friends, insight, nutrition, type of behavior, career, sleep, seatbelt, stress, and safe sex domains were assessed. Results This study assessed 188 lifestyle profiles, of which 148 have complete data for evaluating the total FLQ score. The majority of evaluated lifestyles were characterized as "good (42.5%)" and "very good (35.8%)", and correlations were identified between the total FLQ score and between the preclinical and later course phases, the 18-20 years and older age brackets, and any romantic relationship and being single. Additional associations were observed for the other domains with other sociodemographic factors. Conclusion Medical students frequently present with a lifestyle that may be improved through various targeted interventions.
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Lavilla‐Gracia M, Pueyo‐Garrigues M, Pueyo‐Garrigues S, Pardavila‐Belio MI, Canga‐Armayor A, Esandi N, Alfaro‐Díaz C, Canga‐Armayor N. Peer-led interventions to reduce alcohol consumption in college students: A scoping review. HEALTH & SOCIAL CARE IN THE COMMUNITY 2022; 30:e3562-e3578. [PMID: 36057959 PMCID: PMC10087199 DOI: 10.1111/hsc.13990] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/21/2021] [Revised: 07/06/2022] [Accepted: 08/20/2022] [Indexed: 05/04/2023]
Abstract
Risky alcohol consumption among college students is a significant public health issue. In the college setting, students can collaborate in the implementation of peer-led interventions. To date, evidence of peer-led programmes in reducing harmful alcohol consumption in this population is inconclusive. The aim of the current scoping review is to provide a broad overview by systematically examining and mapping the literature on peer-led interventions for preventing risky alcohol consumption by college students. The specific aims were to (1) identify the underlying focus of the interventions and assess their (2) effectiveness and (3) feasibility. A comprehensive search was conducted in PubMed, PsycINFO, CINAHL, Cochrane Library, Web of Science, DART-Europe, RCAAP, Trove and ProQuest. The inclusion criteria were peer-led interventions that exclusively addressed alcohol consumption, college students as the target population and interventional studies (randomised controlled trials, quasi-experimental studies, systematic reviews and meta-analyses of interventions). The methodological quality of the articles was evaluated. From 6654 potential studies, 13 were included. Nine interventions were described within these studies: Voice of Reason programme, Brief Advice sessions, Peer Theatre, Alcohol Education programme, Perceptions of Alcohol Norms intervention, Motivational Intervention, Alcohol Skills Training programme, Lifestyle Management Class and the Brief Alcohol Screening and Intervention for College Students. Only the last showed significant reductions in three of the four outcome measures: quantity and frequency of drinking, estimated peak blood alcohol concentration and alcohol-related consequences. It did not significantly decrease the number of heavy-drinking episodes. Peer interventions may be effective in preventing alcohol use among college students, although the evidence is weak and scarce. Further research is needed to strengthen the findings about peer-led interventions.
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Affiliation(s)
- María Lavilla‐Gracia
- School of Nursing, Community, Maternity and Pediatric NursingUniversity of NavarraPamplonaSpain
| | - María Pueyo‐Garrigues
- School of Nursing, Community, Maternity and Pediatric NursingUniversity of NavarraPamplonaSpain
- IdiSNA, Navarra Institute for Health ResearchPamplonaSpain
| | | | - Miren Idoia Pardavila‐Belio
- School of Nursing, Community, Maternity and Pediatric NursingUniversity of NavarraPamplonaSpain
- IdiSNA, Navarra Institute for Health ResearchPamplonaSpain
| | - Ana Canga‐Armayor
- IdiSNA, Navarra Institute for Health ResearchPamplonaSpain
- School of Nursing, Nursing Care for Adult Patients DepartmentUniversity of NavarraPamplonaSpain
| | - Nuria Esandi
- IdiSNA, Navarra Institute for Health ResearchPamplonaSpain
- School of Nursing, Nursing Care for Adult Patients DepartmentUniversity of NavarraPamplonaSpain
| | - Cristina Alfaro‐Díaz
- IdiSNA, Navarra Institute for Health ResearchPamplonaSpain
- School of Nursing, Nursing Care for Adult Patients DepartmentUniversity of NavarraPamplonaSpain
| | - Navidad Canga‐Armayor
- School of Nursing, Community, Maternity and Pediatric NursingUniversity of NavarraPamplonaSpain
- IdiSNA, Navarra Institute for Health ResearchPamplonaSpain
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Marazziti D, Avella MT, Ivaldi T, Palermo S, Massa L, Vecchia AD, Basile L, Mucci F. Neuroenhancement: State of the Art and Future Perspectives. CLINICAL NEUROPSYCHIATRY 2021; 18:137-169. [PMID: 34909030 PMCID: PMC8629054 DOI: 10.36131/cnfioritieditore20210303] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
Pharmacological neuroenhancement refers to the non-medical use of prescription drugs, alcohol, illegal drugs, or the so-called soft enhancers for the purpose of improving cognition, mood, pro-social behavior, or work and academic performance. This phenomenon is undoubtedly more frequent than previously supposed especially amongst university students. The aim of the present paper was to carefully review and comment on the available literature on neuroenhancement, according to Prisma guidelines. The results showed a great use of all prescribed drugs (benzodiazepines, antidepressants, antipsychotics, nootropic compounds, and especially stimulants) as neuroenhancers amongst healthy subjects, although probably the real prevalence is underestimated. The use of illicit drugs and soft enhancers is similarly quite common. Data on the improvement of cognition by other compounds, such as oxytocin and pheromones, or non-pharmacological techniques, specifically deep brain stimulation and transcranial magnetic stimulation, are still limited. In any case, if it is true that human beings are embedded by the desire to overcome the limits of their intrinsic nature, neuroenhancement practices put into question the concept of authenticity. Therefore, the problem appears quite complex and requires to be deepened and analyzed with no prejudice, although within an ethical conceptual frame.
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Affiliation(s)
- Donatella Marazziti
- Department of Clinical and Experimental Medicine, Section of Psychiatry, University of Pisa, Italy
- Unicamillus-Saint Camillus International University of Health Sciences, Rome, Italy
| | - Maria Teresa Avella
- Department of Clinical and Experimental Medicine, Section of Psychiatry, University of Pisa, Italy
| | - Tea Ivaldi
- Department of Clinical and Experimental Medicine, Section of Psychiatry, University of Pisa, Italy
| | - Stefania Palermo
- Department of Clinical and Experimental Medicine, Section of Psychiatry, University of Pisa, Italy
| | - Lucia Massa
- Department of Clinical and Experimental Medicine, Section of Psychiatry, University of Pisa, Italy
| | - Alessandra Della Vecchia
- Department of Clinical and Experimental Medicine, Section of Psychiatry, University of Pisa, Italy
| | - Lucia Basile
- Department of Clinical and Experimental Medicine, Section of Psychiatry, University of Pisa, Italy
| | - Federico Mucci
- Department of Biotechnology, Chemistry and Pharmacy, University of Siena, Italy
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Frimpong-Mansoh RP, Amon S, Agyemang SA, Sackey S, Aikins M. Direct cost and socio-demographic factors associated with alcohol consumption among Tema adult residents in Ghana: a quantitative study. JOURNAL OF SUBSTANCE USE 2021. [DOI: 10.1080/14659891.2021.1894496] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/21/2022]
Affiliation(s)
| | - Samuel Amon
- Department of Health Policy, Planning & Management, School of Public Health, College of Health Sciences, University of Ghana, Accra, Ghana
| | - Samuel Agyei Agyemang
- Department of Health Policy, Planning & Management, School of Public Health, College of Health Sciences, University of Ghana, Accra, Ghana
| | - Samuel Sackey
- Department of Epidemiology & Disease Control, School of Public Health, College of Health Sciences, University of Ghana, Accra, Ghana
| | - Moses Aikins
- Department of Health Policy, Planning & Management, School of Public Health, College of Health Sciences, University of Ghana, Accra, Ghana
- Health Economics, Systems and Policy Research Group (HESPRG), Department of Health Policy, Planning & Management, School of Public Health, College of Health Sciences, University of Ghana, Accra, Ghana
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Delgado-Lobete L, Montes-Montes R, Vila-Paz A, Cruz-Valiño JM, Gándara-Gafo B, Talavera-Valverde MÁ, Santos-del-Riego S. Individual and Environmental Factors Associated with Tobacco Smoking, Alcohol Abuse and Illegal Drug Consumption in University Students: A Mediating Analysis. INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH AND PUBLIC HEALTH 2020; 17:E3019. [PMID: 32349213 PMCID: PMC7246518 DOI: 10.3390/ijerph17093019] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/27/2020] [Revised: 04/24/2020] [Accepted: 04/24/2020] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
Substance abuse is a major and prevalent public health concern among university students. Tobacco smoking, risky alcohol behavior, and illegal drug consumption may lead to health problems and behavioral and academic issues. Several individual and environmental factors associate with substance abuse in this population, and the mediating effect of alcohol abuse in the relationship between tobacco smoking and drug consumption is yet to be explored. The purposes of this study were to evaluate the association of individual and environmental factors and substance use, and to analyze the relationship between tobacco smoking, alcohol abuse, and drug consumption, considering alcohol abuse as a possible mediator. A total of 550 Spanish undergraduate and postgraduate students completed several questionnaires regarding their smoking status, alcohol use, and drug consumption during the last six months. Bivariate and multivariate analyses were conducted to explore associations between factors. Direct, indirect and mediating effects were tested using a partial least squares approach (PLS-SEM). The results indicated that substance abuse is associated with being male, living with other students, and combined substance consumption. PLS-SEM showed a significant effect of tobacco smoking and alcohol abuse on drug consumption. Alcohol abuse plays a mediating role in the relationship between tobacco smoking and drug use.
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Affiliation(s)
- Laura Delgado-Lobete
- Health Integration and Promotion Research Unit (INTEGRA SAÚDE), Faculty of Health Sciences, University of A Coruña, 15006 A Coruña, Spain
| | - Rebeca Montes-Montes
- TALIONIS Research Group, Faculty of Health Sciences, University of A Coruña, 15008 A Coruña, Spain
| | - Alba Vila-Paz
- Health Integration and Promotion Research Unit (INTEGRA SAÚDE), Faculty of Health Sciences, University of A Coruña, 15006 A Coruña, Spain
| | - José-Manuel Cruz-Valiño
- Health Integration and Promotion Research Unit (INTEGRA SAÚDE), Faculty of Health Sciences, University of A Coruña, 15006 A Coruña, Spain
- Institute for Oral Implantology and Rehabilitation of A Coruña (Instituto Coruñés de Implantología y Rehabilitación Oral-ICIRO), 15007 A Coruña, Spain
| | - Berta Gándara-Gafo
- Health Integration and Promotion Research Unit (INTEGRA SAÚDE), Faculty of Health Sciences, University of A Coruña, 15006 A Coruña, Spain
| | - Miguel-Ángel Talavera-Valverde
- Health Integration and Promotion Research Unit (INTEGRA SAÚDE), Faculty of Health Sciences, University of A Coruña, 15006 A Coruña, Spain
| | - Sergio Santos-del-Riego
- Health Integration and Promotion Research Unit (INTEGRA SAÚDE), Faculty of Health Sciences, University of A Coruña, 15006 A Coruña, Spain
- UDC Saudable, Health Promotion Department of University of A Coruña, 15011 A Coruña, Spain
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Rodríguez-Muñoz PM, Carmona-Torres JM, Rodríguez-Borrego MA. Influence of tobacco, alcohol consumption, eating habits and physical activity in nursing students. Rev Lat Am Enfermagem 2020; 28:e3230. [PMID: 32022150 PMCID: PMC7000186 DOI: 10.1590/1518-8345.3198.3230] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/18/2018] [Accepted: 09/16/2019] [Indexed: 01/10/2023] Open
Abstract
Objective: to determine the consumption of alcohol, tobacco, eating habits, and physical
activity among nursing students and to detect whether being a nursing
student is a protective factor against these habits. Method: a questionnaire was used to collect information on age, academic year, sex,
alcohol and tobacco consumption, physical activity, and healthy eating. An
information sheet and informed consent form were given. The sample was
composed of 264 students aged between 18-30 years from four academic years.
Results: of the total sample, 15.5% smoked, 83.7% consumed alcoholic beverages and
97.2% consumed over the weekend. The total of 68.6% did not practice
exercises and 70.5% needed changes in their diet. Conclusion: nursing students have high levels of alcohol consumption and low levels of
smoking compared with other studies. The higher the academic year, the lower
the age of onset of tobacco consumption. The number of men who exercised was
higher, which is considered a protective factor against alcohol and tobacco
consumption and is related to a healthy diet. Smoking has a negative
influence on diet. The students needed to change their diet. Finally, being
a nursing student is not considered a protective factor against alcohol and
tobacco consumption, nor having good eating habits and exercising.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pedro Manuel Rodríguez-Muñoz
- Universidad de Córdoba, Córdoba, Spain.,Instituto Maimónides de Investigación Biomédica de Córdoba, Córdoba, Spain.,Universidad Pontificia de Salamanca, Salamanca, Spain
| | - Juan Manuel Carmona-Torres
- Instituto Maimónides de Investigación Biomédica de Córdoba, Córdoba, Spain.,Universidad de Castilla-La Mancha, Toledo, Spain
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Sandoval G, Monteiro M, De Pinho Campos K, Shield K, Marinho F. Sociodemographics, lifestyle factors and health status indicators associated with alcohol consumption and related behaviours: a Brazilian population-based analysis. Public Health 2020; 178:49-61. [DOI: 10.1016/j.puhe.2019.08.011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/21/2019] [Revised: 07/17/2019] [Accepted: 08/18/2019] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
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Souza JD, Ornella KP, Almeida LYD, Domingos SGDA, Andrade LSD, Zanetti ACG. CONSUMO DE DROGAS E CONHECIMENTO SOBRE SUAS CONSEQUÊNCIAS ENTRE ESTUDANTES DE GRADUAÇÃO EM ENFERMAGEM. TEXTO & CONTEXTO ENFERMAGEM 2018. [DOI: 10.1590/0104-070720180005540016] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022] Open
Abstract
RESUMO Objetivo: analisar o padrão de consumo de substâncias psicoativas e o conhecimento das consequências do uso de álcool, maconha e cocaína de estudantes de graduação em enfermagem no primeiro e no último ano do curso. Método: estudo descritivo, transversal, com 141 graduandos de enfermagem de uma universidade pública do interior do Estado de São Paulo. Para coleta dos dados foram utilizados o Questionário para Triagem do Uso de Álcool, Tabaco e outras Substâncias e um questionário sobre o conhecimento das consequências do uso de álcool, maconha e cocaína. Para análise, foram aplicados o teste Exato de Fisher, o Qui-quadrado de Pearson e o Teste t de Student. Resultados: o álcool e a maconha foram as substâncias mais consumidas pelos estudantes. Quanto às consequências do uso de álcool, maconha e cocaína, a maioria alcançou mais de 50% de acertos, considerado um bom conhecimento, sendo que 86,5% obtiveram mais da metade de acertos em relação ao álcool, 68,8% para a maconha e 76,6% para a cocaína. Quanto à média dos escores sobre o conhecimento de tais consequências entre os alunos ingressantes e aqueles do último ano, encontrou-se diferença estatisticamente significativa para o álcool (p=0,026) e a cocaína (p<0,001), sendo que os alunos do último ano atingiram maiores escores. Conclusão: a hipótese de que o conhecimento das consequências do consumo de drogas interfere no uso foi confirmada apenas para a maconha. Os resultados possibilitam repensar a importância da revisão de conteúdos sobre a temática aos alunos de graduação em enfermagem.
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Stanwell-Smith R. New perceptions about old behaviours. Perspect Public Health 2017; 137:298. [PMID: 29082843 DOI: 10.1177/1757913917734702] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
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