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Centromere defects, chromosome instability, and cGAS-STING activation in systemic sclerosis. Nat Commun 2022; 13:7074. [PMID: 36400785 PMCID: PMC9674829 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-022-34775-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/10/2020] [Accepted: 11/04/2022] [Indexed: 11/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Centromere defects in Systemic Sclerosis (SSc) have remained unexplored despite the fact that many centromere proteins were discovered in patients with SSc. Here we report that lesion skin fibroblasts from SSc patients show marked alterations in centromeric DNA. SSc fibroblasts also show DNA damage, abnormal chromosome segregation, aneuploidy (only in diffuse cutaneous (dcSSc)) and micronuclei (in all types of SSc), some of which lose centromere identity while retaining centromere DNA sequences. Strikingly, we find cytoplasmic "leaking" of centromere proteins in limited cutaneous SSc (lcSSc) fibroblasts. Cytoplasmic centromere proteins co-localize with antigen presenting MHC Class II molecules, which correlate precisely with the presence of anti-centromere antibodies. CENPA expression and micronuclei formation correlate highly with activation of the cGAS-STING/IFN-β pathway as well as markers of reactive oxygen species (ROS) and fibrosis, ultimately suggesting a link between centromere alterations, chromosome instability, SSc autoimmunity, and fibrosis.
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Wen D, Gao Y, Ho C, Yu L, Zhang Y, Lyu G, Hu D, Li Q, Zhang Y. Focusing on Mechanoregulation Axis in Fibrosis: Sensing, Transduction and Effecting. Front Mol Biosci 2022; 9:804680. [PMID: 35359592 PMCID: PMC8963247 DOI: 10.3389/fmolb.2022.804680] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/29/2021] [Accepted: 02/09/2022] [Indexed: 11/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Fibrosis, a pathologic process featured by the excessive deposition of connective tissue components, can affect virtually every organ and has no satisfactory therapy yet. Fibrotic diseases are often associated with organ dysfunction which leads to high morbidity and mortality. Biomechanical stmuli and the corresponding cellular response havebeen identified in fibrogenesis, as the fibrotic remodeling could be seen as the incapacity to reestablish mechanical homeostasis: along with extracellular matrix accumulating, the physical property became more “stiff” and could in turn induce fibrosis. In this review, we provide a comprehensive overview of mechanoregulation in fibrosis, from initialing cellular mechanosensing to intracellular mechanotransduction and processing, and ends up in mechanoeffecting. Our contents are not limited to the cellular mechanism, but further expand to the disorders involved and current clinical trials, providing an insight into the disease and hopefully inspiring new approaches for the treatment of tissue fibrosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dongsheng Wen
- Department of Plastic and Reconstructive Surgery, Shanghai Ninth People’s Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Ya Gao
- Department of Plastic and Reconstructive Surgery, Shanghai Ninth People’s Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Chiakang Ho
- Department of Plastic and Reconstructive Surgery, Shanghai Ninth People’s Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Li Yu
- Department of Plastic and Reconstructive Surgery, Shanghai Ninth People’s Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Yuguang Zhang
- Department of Plastic and Reconstructive Surgery, Shanghai Ninth People’s Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Guozhong Lyu
- Department of Burns and Plastic Surgery, Affiliated Hospital of Jiangnan University, Wuxi, China
| | - Dahai Hu
- Burns Centre of PLA, Department of Burns and Cutaneous Surgery, Xijing Hospital, Fourth Military Medical University, Xi’an, China
| | - Qingfeng Li
- Department of Plastic and Reconstructive Surgery, Shanghai Ninth People’s Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
- *Correspondence: Qingfeng Li, ; Yifan Zhang,
| | - Yifan Zhang
- Department of Plastic and Reconstructive Surgery, Shanghai Ninth People’s Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
- *Correspondence: Qingfeng Li, ; Yifan Zhang,
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Manetti M, Rosa I, Fioretto BS, Matucci-Cerinic M, Romano E. Decreased Serum Levels of SIRT1 and SIRT3 Correlate with Severity of Skin and Lung Fibrosis and Peripheral Microvasculopathy in Systemic Sclerosis. J Clin Med 2022; 11:jcm11051362. [PMID: 35268452 PMCID: PMC8910971 DOI: 10.3390/jcm11051362] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/26/2022] [Revised: 02/22/2022] [Accepted: 02/28/2022] [Indexed: 02/01/2023] Open
Abstract
Systemic sclerosis (SSc, scleroderma) is a severe autoimmune connective tissue disease characterized by widespread peripheral microvasculopathy, and progressive cutaneous and visceral fibrosis, leading to significant organ dysfunction. Sirtuins (SIRTs) are a family of NAD-dependent protein deacetylases with pleiotropic effects on a variety of biological processes, including metabolism, cell survival, and aging. In the last decades, increasing studies have explored the contribution of SIRTs to the pathogenesis of SSc, highlighting a significant antifibrotic effect of both SIRT1 and SIRT3. On these bases, the aim of this study was to measure circulating SIRT1 and SIRT3 levels by enzyme-linked immune-sorbent assay in a well-characterized cohort of SSc patients (n = 80) and healthy controls (n = 71), focusing on their possible association with disease clinical features, and their potential as biomarkers reflecting SSc activity and severity. Significantly decreased serum levels of both SIRT1 and SIRT3 were found in SSc patients compared to controls. In SSc, the reduction in circulating SIRT1 and SIRT3 associated with a greater extent of cutaneous fibrosis, presence of interstitial lung disease, and worse pulmonary function. Serum SIRT1 and SIRT3 decrease also correlated with the severity of nailfold microvascular damage, with SIRT3 levels being additionally related to the occurrence of digital ulcers. The levels of these two proteins showed a direct correlation with one another in the circulation of SSc patients. Of the two SIRTs, serum SIRT3 was found to better reflect disease activity and severity in a logistic regression analysis model. Our findings suggest that serum SIRT1 and SIRT3 may represent novel potential biomarkers of increased risk for a more severe, life-threatening SSc disease course.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mirko Manetti
- Section of Anatomy and Histology, Department of Experimental and Clinical Medicine, University of Florence, 50134 Florence, Italy; (I.R.); (B.S.F.)
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +39-055-2758073
| | - Irene Rosa
- Section of Anatomy and Histology, Department of Experimental and Clinical Medicine, University of Florence, 50134 Florence, Italy; (I.R.); (B.S.F.)
| | - Bianca Saveria Fioretto
- Section of Anatomy and Histology, Department of Experimental and Clinical Medicine, University of Florence, 50134 Florence, Italy; (I.R.); (B.S.F.)
- Division of Rheumatology, Department of Experimental and Clinical Medicine, University of Florence, 50134 Florence, Italy; (M.M.-C.); (E.R.)
| | - Marco Matucci-Cerinic
- Division of Rheumatology, Department of Experimental and Clinical Medicine, University of Florence, 50134 Florence, Italy; (M.M.-C.); (E.R.)
- Unit of Immunology, Rheumatology, Allergy and Rare Diseases (UnIRAR), IRCCS San Raffaele Hospital, 20132 Milan, Italy
| | - Eloisa Romano
- Division of Rheumatology, Department of Experimental and Clinical Medicine, University of Florence, 50134 Florence, Italy; (M.M.-C.); (E.R.)
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Szabo I, Muntean L, Crisan T, Rednic V, Sirbe C, Rednic S. Novel Concepts in Systemic Sclerosis Pathogenesis: Role for miRNAs. Biomedicines 2021; 9:biomedicines9101471. [PMID: 34680587 PMCID: PMC8533248 DOI: 10.3390/biomedicines9101471] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/12/2021] [Revised: 10/03/2021] [Accepted: 10/08/2021] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Systemic sclerosis (SSc) is a rare connective tissue disease with heterogeneous clinical phenotypes. It is characterized by the pathogenic triad: microangiopathy, immune dysfunction, and fibrosis. Epigenetic mechanisms modulate gene expression without interfering with the DNA sequence. Epigenetic marks may be reversible and their differential response to external stimuli could explain the protean clinical manifestations of SSc while offering the opportunity of targeted drug development. Small, non-coding RNA sequences (miRNAs) have demonstrated complex interactions between vasculature, immune activation, and extracellular matrices. Distinct miRNA profiles were identified in SSc skin specimens and blood samples containing a wide variety of dysregulated miRNAs. Their target genes are mainly involved in profibrotic pathways, but new lines of evidence also confirm their participation in impaired angiogenesis and aberrant immune responses. Research approaches focusing on earlier stages of the disease and on differential miRNA expression in various tissues could bring novel insights into SSc pathogenesis and validate the clinical utility of miRNAs as biomarkers and therapeutic targets.
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Affiliation(s)
- Iulia Szabo
- Department of Rheumatology, “Iuliu Hațieganu” University of Medicine and Pharmacy Cluj-Napoca, 400000 Cluj-Napoca, Romania; (I.S.); (C.S.); (S.R.)
| | - Laura Muntean
- Department of Rheumatology, “Iuliu Hațieganu” University of Medicine and Pharmacy Cluj-Napoca, 400000 Cluj-Napoca, Romania; (I.S.); (C.S.); (S.R.)
- Department of Rheumatology, County Emergency Hospital Cluj-Napoca, 400000 Cluj-Napoca, Romania
- Correspondence:
| | - Tania Crisan
- Department of Medical Genetics, “Iuliu Hațieganu” University of Medicine and Pharmacy Cluj-Napoca, 400000 Cluj-Napoca, Romania;
- Department of Internal Medicine and Radboud Institute for Molecular Life Sciences (RIMLS), Radboud University Medical Center, 6525 GA Nijmegen, The Netherlands
| | - Voicu Rednic
- Department of Gastroenterology, “Iuliu Hațieganu” University of Medicine and Pharmacy Cluj-Napoca, 400000 Cluj-Napoca, Romania;
- Department of Gastroenterology II, “Prof. Dr. Octavian Fodor” Regional Institute of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, 400000 Cluj-Napoca, Romania
| | - Claudia Sirbe
- Department of Rheumatology, “Iuliu Hațieganu” University of Medicine and Pharmacy Cluj-Napoca, 400000 Cluj-Napoca, Romania; (I.S.); (C.S.); (S.R.)
| | - Simona Rednic
- Department of Rheumatology, “Iuliu Hațieganu” University of Medicine and Pharmacy Cluj-Napoca, 400000 Cluj-Napoca, Romania; (I.S.); (C.S.); (S.R.)
- Department of Rheumatology, County Emergency Hospital Cluj-Napoca, 400000 Cluj-Napoca, Romania
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Abstract
From the clinical standpoint, systemic sclerosis (SSc) is characterized by skin and internal organ fibrosis, diffuse fibroproliferative vascular modifications, and autoimmunity. Clinical presentation and course are highly heterogenous and life expectancy variably affected mostly dependent on lung and heart involvement. SSc touches more women than men with differences in disease severity and environmental exposure. Pathogenetic events originate from altered homeostasis favored by genetic predisposition, environmental cues and a variety of endogenous and exogenous triggers. Epigenetic modifications modulate SSc pathogenesis which strikingly associate profound immune-inflammatory dysregulation, abnormal endothelial cell behavior, and cell trans-differentiation into myofibroblasts. SSc myofibroblasts show enhanced survival and enhanced extracellular matrix deposition presenting altered structure and altered physicochemical properties. Additional cell types of likely pathogenic importance are pericytes, platelets, and keratinocytes in conjunction with their relationship with vessel wall cells and fibroblasts. In SSc, the profibrotic milieu is favored by cell signaling initiated in the one hand by transforming growth factor-beta and related cytokines and in the other hand by innate and adaptive type 2 immune responses. Radical oxygen species and invariant receptors sensing danger participate to altered cell behavior. Conventional and SSc-specific T cell subsets modulate both fibroblasts as well as endothelial cell dysfunction. Beside autoantibodies directed against ubiquitous antigens important for enhanced clinical classification, antigen-specific agonistic autoantibodies may have a pathogenic role. Recent studies based on single-cell RNAseq and multi-omics approaches are revealing unforeseen heterogeneity in SSc cell differentiation and functional states. Advances in system biology applied to the wealth of data generated by unbiased screening are allowing to subgroup patients based on distinct pathogenic mechanisms. Deciphering heterogeneity in pathogenic mechanisms will pave the way to highly needed personalized therapeutic approaches.
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Rusek M, Krasowska D. Non-Coding RNA in Systemic Sclerosis: A Valuable Tool for Translational and Personalized Medicine. Genes (Basel) 2021; 12:1296. [PMID: 34573278 PMCID: PMC8471866 DOI: 10.3390/genes12091296] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/23/2021] [Revised: 08/17/2021] [Accepted: 08/23/2021] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Epigenetic factors are heritable and ultimately play a role in modulating gene expression and, thus, in regulating cell functions. Non-coding RNAs have growing recognition as novel biomarkers and crucial regulators of pathological conditions in humans. Their characteristic feature is being transcribed in a tissue-specific pattern. Now, there is emerging evidence that lncRNAs have been identified to be involved in the differentiation of human skin, wound healing, fibrosis, inflammation, and immunological response. Systemic sclerosis (SSc) is a heterogeneous autoimmune disease characterized by fibrosis, vascular abnormalities, and immune system activation. The pathogenesis remains elusive, but clinical manifestations reveal autoimmunity with the presence of specific autoantibodies, activation of innate and adaptive immunity, vascular changes, and active deposition of extracellular matrix components leading to fibrosis. The use of multi-omics studies, including NGS, RNA-seq, or GWAS, has proposed that the non-coding genome may be a significant player in its pathogenesis. Moreover, it may unravel new therapeutic targets in the future. The aim of this review is to show the pathogenic role of long non-coding RNAs in systemic sclerosis. Investigation of these transcripts' functions has the potential to elucidate the molecular pathology of SSc and provide new opportunities for drug-targeted therapy for this disorder.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marta Rusek
- Department of Dermatology, Venereology and Pediatric Dermatology, Laboratory for Immunology of Skin Diseases, Medical University of Lublin, 20-080 Lublin, Poland;
- Department of Pathophysiology, Medical University of Lublin, 20-090 Lublin, Poland
| | - Dorota Krasowska
- Department of Dermatology, Venereology and Pediatric Dermatology, Laboratory for Immunology of Skin Diseases, Medical University of Lublin, 20-080 Lublin, Poland;
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Melchiorre D, Ceccherini MT, Romano E, Cometi L, El-Aoufy K, Bellando-Randone S, Roccotelli A, Bruni C, Moggi-Pignone A, Carboni D, Guiducci S, Lepri G, Tofani L, Pietramellara G, Matucci-Cerinic M. Oral Lactobacillus Species in Systemic Sclerosis. Microorganisms 2021; 9:1298. [PMID: 34203626 PMCID: PMC8232208 DOI: 10.3390/microorganisms9061298] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/15/2021] [Revised: 06/07/2021] [Accepted: 06/11/2021] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
In systemic sclerosis (SSc), the gastrointestinal tract (GIT) plays a central role in the patient's quality of life. The microbiome populates the GIT, where a relationship between the Lactobacillus and gastrointestinal motility has been suggested. In this study, the analysis of oral Lactobacillus species in SSc patients and healthy subjects using culture-independent molecular techniques, together with a review of the literature on microbiota and lactobacilli in SSc, has been carried out. Twenty-nine SSc female patients (mean age 62) and twenty-three female healthy subjects (HS, mean age 57.6) were enrolled and underwent tongue and gum swab sampling. Quantitative PCR was conducted in triplicate using Lactobacillus specific primers rpoB1, rpoB1o and rpoB2 for the RNA-polymerase β subunit gene. Our data show significantly (p = 0.0211) lower LactobacillusspprpoB sequences on the tongue of patients with SSc compared to HS. The mean value of the amount of Lactobacillus ssprpoB gene on the gumsofSSc patients was minor compared to HS. A significant difference between tongue and gums (p = 0.0421) was found in HS but not in SSc patients. In conclusion, our results show a lower presence of Lactobacillus in the oral cavity of SSc patients. This strengthens the hypothesis that Lactobacillus may have both a protective and therapeutic role in SSc patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Daniela Melchiorre
- Department of Experimental and Clinical Medicine, Department of Geriatric Medicine, Division of Rheumatology, University of Firenze, 50124 Firenze, Italy; (E.R.); (L.C.); (K.E.-A.); (S.B.-R.); (C.B.); (A.M.-P.); (D.C.); (S.G.); (G.L.); (L.T.); (M.M.-C.)
| | - Maria Teresa Ceccherini
- Department of Agriculture, Food, Environment and Forestry (DAGRI)-University ofFirenze, 50144 Firenze, Italy; (M.T.C.); (A.R.); (G.P.)
| | - Eloisa Romano
- Department of Experimental and Clinical Medicine, Department of Geriatric Medicine, Division of Rheumatology, University of Firenze, 50124 Firenze, Italy; (E.R.); (L.C.); (K.E.-A.); (S.B.-R.); (C.B.); (A.M.-P.); (D.C.); (S.G.); (G.L.); (L.T.); (M.M.-C.)
| | - Laura Cometi
- Department of Experimental and Clinical Medicine, Department of Geriatric Medicine, Division of Rheumatology, University of Firenze, 50124 Firenze, Italy; (E.R.); (L.C.); (K.E.-A.); (S.B.-R.); (C.B.); (A.M.-P.); (D.C.); (S.G.); (G.L.); (L.T.); (M.M.-C.)
| | - Khadija El-Aoufy
- Department of Experimental and Clinical Medicine, Department of Geriatric Medicine, Division of Rheumatology, University of Firenze, 50124 Firenze, Italy; (E.R.); (L.C.); (K.E.-A.); (S.B.-R.); (C.B.); (A.M.-P.); (D.C.); (S.G.); (G.L.); (L.T.); (M.M.-C.)
| | - Silvia Bellando-Randone
- Department of Experimental and Clinical Medicine, Department of Geriatric Medicine, Division of Rheumatology, University of Firenze, 50124 Firenze, Italy; (E.R.); (L.C.); (K.E.-A.); (S.B.-R.); (C.B.); (A.M.-P.); (D.C.); (S.G.); (G.L.); (L.T.); (M.M.-C.)
| | - Angela Roccotelli
- Department of Agriculture, Food, Environment and Forestry (DAGRI)-University ofFirenze, 50144 Firenze, Italy; (M.T.C.); (A.R.); (G.P.)
| | - Cosimo Bruni
- Department of Experimental and Clinical Medicine, Department of Geriatric Medicine, Division of Rheumatology, University of Firenze, 50124 Firenze, Italy; (E.R.); (L.C.); (K.E.-A.); (S.B.-R.); (C.B.); (A.M.-P.); (D.C.); (S.G.); (G.L.); (L.T.); (M.M.-C.)
| | - Alberto Moggi-Pignone
- Department of Experimental and Clinical Medicine, Department of Geriatric Medicine, Division of Rheumatology, University of Firenze, 50124 Firenze, Italy; (E.R.); (L.C.); (K.E.-A.); (S.B.-R.); (C.B.); (A.M.-P.); (D.C.); (S.G.); (G.L.); (L.T.); (M.M.-C.)
| | - Davide Carboni
- Department of Experimental and Clinical Medicine, Department of Geriatric Medicine, Division of Rheumatology, University of Firenze, 50124 Firenze, Italy; (E.R.); (L.C.); (K.E.-A.); (S.B.-R.); (C.B.); (A.M.-P.); (D.C.); (S.G.); (G.L.); (L.T.); (M.M.-C.)
| | - Serena Guiducci
- Department of Experimental and Clinical Medicine, Department of Geriatric Medicine, Division of Rheumatology, University of Firenze, 50124 Firenze, Italy; (E.R.); (L.C.); (K.E.-A.); (S.B.-R.); (C.B.); (A.M.-P.); (D.C.); (S.G.); (G.L.); (L.T.); (M.M.-C.)
| | - Gemma Lepri
- Department of Experimental and Clinical Medicine, Department of Geriatric Medicine, Division of Rheumatology, University of Firenze, 50124 Firenze, Italy; (E.R.); (L.C.); (K.E.-A.); (S.B.-R.); (C.B.); (A.M.-P.); (D.C.); (S.G.); (G.L.); (L.T.); (M.M.-C.)
| | - Lorenzo Tofani
- Department of Experimental and Clinical Medicine, Department of Geriatric Medicine, Division of Rheumatology, University of Firenze, 50124 Firenze, Italy; (E.R.); (L.C.); (K.E.-A.); (S.B.-R.); (C.B.); (A.M.-P.); (D.C.); (S.G.); (G.L.); (L.T.); (M.M.-C.)
| | - Giacomo Pietramellara
- Department of Agriculture, Food, Environment and Forestry (DAGRI)-University ofFirenze, 50144 Firenze, Italy; (M.T.C.); (A.R.); (G.P.)
| | - Marco Matucci-Cerinic
- Department of Experimental and Clinical Medicine, Department of Geriatric Medicine, Division of Rheumatology, University of Firenze, 50124 Firenze, Italy; (E.R.); (L.C.); (K.E.-A.); (S.B.-R.); (C.B.); (A.M.-P.); (D.C.); (S.G.); (G.L.); (L.T.); (M.M.-C.)
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Lv W, Ren Y, Hou K, Hu W, Yi Y, Xiong M, Wu M, Wu Y, Zhang Q. Epigenetic modification mechanisms involved in keloid: current status and prospect. Clin Epigenetics 2020; 12:183. [PMID: 33243301 PMCID: PMC7690154 DOI: 10.1186/s13148-020-00981-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 36] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/11/2020] [Accepted: 11/17/2020] [Indexed: 12/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Keloid, a common dermal fibroproliferative disorder, is benign skin tumors characterized by the aggressive fibroblasts proliferation and excessive accumulation of extracellular matrix. However, common therapeutic approaches of keloid have limited effectiveness, emphasizing the momentousness of developing innovative mechanisms and therapeutic strategies. Epigenetics, representing the potential link of complex interactions between genetics and external risk factors, is currently under intense scrutiny. Accumulating evidence has demonstrated that multiple diverse and reversible epigenetic modifications, represented by DNA methylation, histone modification, and non-coding RNAs (ncRNAs), play a critical role in gene regulation and downstream fibroblastic function in keloid. Importantly, abnormal epigenetic modification manipulates multiple behaviors of keloid-derived fibroblasts, which served as the main cellular components in keloid skin tissue, including proliferation, migration, apoptosis, and differentiation. Here, we have reviewed and summarized the present available clinical and experimental studies to deeply investigate the expression profiles and clarify the mechanisms of epigenetic modification in the progression of keloid, mainly including DNA methylation, histone modification, and ncRNAs (miRNA, lncRNA, and circRNA). Besides, we also provide the challenges and future perspectives associated with epigenetics modification in keloid. Deciphering the complicated epigenetic modification in keloid is hopeful to bring novel insights into the pathogenesis etiology and diagnostic/therapeutic targets in keloid, laying a foundation for optimal keloid ending.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wenchang Lv
- Department of Plastic and Aesthetic Surgery, NO 1095 Jiefang Avenue, Tongji Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology (HUST), Wuhan, 430000, Hubei, China
| | - Yuping Ren
- Department of Plastic and Aesthetic Surgery, NO 1095 Jiefang Avenue, Tongji Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology (HUST), Wuhan, 430000, Hubei, China
| | - Kai Hou
- Department of Plastic and Aesthetic Surgery, NO 1095 Jiefang Avenue, Tongji Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology (HUST), Wuhan, 430000, Hubei, China
| | - Weijie Hu
- Department of Plastic and Aesthetic Surgery, NO 1095 Jiefang Avenue, Tongji Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology (HUST), Wuhan, 430000, Hubei, China
| | - Yi Yi
- Department of Plastic and Aesthetic Surgery, NO 1095 Jiefang Avenue, Tongji Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology (HUST), Wuhan, 430000, Hubei, China
| | - Mingchen Xiong
- Department of Plastic and Aesthetic Surgery, NO 1095 Jiefang Avenue, Tongji Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology (HUST), Wuhan, 430000, Hubei, China
| | - Min Wu
- Department of Plastic and Aesthetic Surgery, NO 1095 Jiefang Avenue, Tongji Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology (HUST), Wuhan, 430000, Hubei, China.
| | - Yiping Wu
- Department of Plastic and Aesthetic Surgery, NO 1095 Jiefang Avenue, Tongji Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology (HUST), Wuhan, 430000, Hubei, China.
| | - Qi Zhang
- Department of Plastic and Aesthetic Surgery, NO 1095 Jiefang Avenue, Tongji Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology (HUST), Wuhan, 430000, Hubei, China.
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