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Alamzeb M, Shah SWA, Hussain H, Zahoor M, Ahmad S, Mughal EU, Ahmad S, Ullah I, Khan S, Ullah A, Ghias M, Ullah R, Ali EA. Beneficial Effects of Natural Alkaloids from Berberis glaucocarpa as Antidiabetic Agents: An In Vitro, In Silico, and In Vivo Approach. ACS OMEGA 2024; 9:9813-9822. [PMID: 38434828 PMCID: PMC10905588 DOI: 10.1021/acsomega.3c10232] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/21/2023] [Revised: 01/23/2024] [Accepted: 01/29/2024] [Indexed: 03/05/2024]
Abstract
Diabetes, also known as diabetes mellitus (DM), is a metabolic disorder characterized by an abnormal rise in blood sugar (glucose) levels brought on by a complete or partial lack of insulin secretion along with corresponding changes in the metabolism of lipids, proteins, and carbohydrates. It has been reported that medicinal plants play a pivotal role in the treatment of various ailments such as diabetes mellitus, dyslipidemia, and hypertension. The current study involved exploring the acute toxicity and in vivo antidiabetic activity of berberine (WA1), palmatine (WA2), and 8-trichloromethyl dihydroberberine (WA3) previously isolated from Berberis glaucocarpa Stapf using a streptozotocin (STZ)-induced diabetic rat model. Body weight and blood glucose level were assessed on a day interval for 4 weeks. Biochemical parameters, antioxidant enzymes, and oxidative stress markers were also determined. In an acute toxicity profile, the WA1, WA2, and WA3 were determined to be nontoxic up to 500 mg/kg (b.w). After the second and third weeks of treatment (14 and 21 days), the blood glucose levels in the WA1-, WA2-, and WA3-treated groups were significantly lower than those in the diabetic control group (476.81 ± 8.65 mg/dL, n = 8, P < 0.001). On the 21st day, there was a decrease in the blood glucose level and the results obtained were 176.33 ± 4.69, 197.21 ± 4.80, and 161.99 ± 4.75 mg/dL (n = 8, P < 0.001) for WA1, WA2, and WA3 at 12 mg/kg, respectively, as opposed to the diabetic control group (482.87 ± 7.11 mg/dL, n = 8, P < 0.001). Upon comparison with the diabetic group at the end of the study (28 days), a substantial drop in the glucose level of WA3 at 12 mg/kg (110.56 ± 4.11 mg/dL, n = 8, P < 0.001) was observed that was almost near the values of the normal control group. The treated groups (WA1, WA2, and WA3) treated with the samples displayed a significant decline in the levels of HbA1c. Treatment of the samples dramatically lowered the lipid level profile. In groups treated with samples, plasma levels of triglycerides, total cholesterol, and LDL were significantly lowered [F (5, 42) = 100.6, n = 8, P < 0.001]; these levels were also significantly decreased [F (5, 42) = 129.6 and 91.17, n = 8, P < 0.001]. In contrast to the diabetes group, all treated groups had significantly higher HDL levels [F (5, 42) = 15.46, n = 8, P < 0.001]. As a result, hypolipidemic activity was anticipated in the samples. In addition to that, the activity of the antioxidant enzymes superoxide dismutase (SOD) and catalase (CAT) was considerably elevated in the groups treated with the sample compared to the diabetic control group (n = 8, P < 0.001).
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Affiliation(s)
- Muhammad Alamzeb
- Department
of Chemistry, University of Kotli Azad Jammu
and Kashmir, Kotli 11100, Pakistan
| | - Syed Wadood Ali Shah
- Department
of Pharmacy, University of Malakand, Chakdara, Chakdara 18800, Khyber Pakhtunkhwa, Pakistan
| | - Haya Hussain
- Department
of Pharmacy, Shaheed Benazir Bhutto University
Sheringal, Dir (Upper) 18000, Khyber Pakhtunkhwa , Pakistan
| | - Muhammad Zahoor
- Department
of Biochemistry, University of Malakand, Chakdara 18800, Pakistan
| | - Shujaat Ahmad
- Department
of Pharmacy, Shaheed Benazir Bhutto University
Sheringal, Dir (Upper) 18000, Khyber Pakhtunkhwa , Pakistan
| | | | - Saeed Ahmad
- Department
of Zoology, University of Malakand, Chakdara 18800, Pakistan
| | - Ihsan Ullah
- Institute
of Chemical Sciences, University of Swat, Swat 01923, Pakistan
| | - Shahzeb Khan
- Center
for Pharmaceutical Engineering Science, School of Pharmacy and Medical
Sciences, Faculty of Life Sciences, University
of Bradford, Bradford BD7 1DP, U.K.
| | - Abid Ullah
- Department
of Pharmacy, Shaheed Benazir Bhutto University
Sheringal, Dir (Upper) 18000, Khyber Pakhtunkhwa , Pakistan
| | - Mehreen Ghias
- Department
of Pharmacy, University of Malakand, Chakdara, Chakdara 18800, Khyber Pakhtunkhwa, Pakistan
| | - Riaz Ullah
- Department
of Pharmacognosy, College of Pharmacy, King
Saud University, Riyadh 11362, Saudi Arabia
| | - Essam A. Ali
- Department
of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, College of
Pharmacy King Saud University Riyadh, Riyadh 12371, Saudi Arabia
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Nguyen HH, Nguyen CT, Ngo HG, Nguyen GTT, Thuy PT, Setzer WN, Kuo PC, Bui HM. Potential for Aedes aegypti Larval Control and Environmental Friendliness of the Compounds Containing 2-Methyl-3,4-dihydroquinazolin-4-one Heterocycle. ACS OMEGA 2023; 8:25048-25058. [PMID: 37483229 PMCID: PMC10357533 DOI: 10.1021/acsomega.3c01686] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/13/2023] [Accepted: 06/19/2023] [Indexed: 07/25/2023]
Abstract
2-Methylquinazolin-4(3H)-one was prepared by the reaction of anthranilic acid, acetic anhydride, and ammonium acetate. The reaction of 2-methylquinazolin-4(3H)-one with N-aryl-2-chloroacetamides in acetone in the presence of potassium carbonate gave nine N-aryl-2-(2-methyl-4-oxoquinazolin-3(4H)-yl)acetamide compounds. The structures of these compounds were elucidated on the basis of their IR, 1H nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR), 13C NMR, and high-resolution mass spectrometry (HR-MS) spectral data. These synthesized compounds containing the 2-methyl-3,4-dihydroquinazolin-4-one moiety exhibited activity against Aedes aegypti mosquito larvae with LC50 values of 2.085-4.201 μg/mL after 72 h exposure, which is also confirmed using a quantitative structure-activity relationship (QSAR) model. Interestingly, these compounds did not exhibit toxicity to the nontarget organism Diplonychus rusticus. In silico molecular docking revealed acetylcholine binding protein (AChBP) and acetylcholinesterase (AChE) to be potential molecular targets. These data indicated the larvicidal potential and environmental friendliness of these N-aryl-2-(2-methyl-4-oxoquinazolin-3(4H)-yl)acetamide derivatives.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hung Huy Nguyen
- Center
for Advanced Chemistry, Institute of Research and Development, Duy Tan University, 03 Quang Trung, Da Nang 55000, Vietnam
- Department
of Pharmacy, Duy Tan University, 03 Quang Trung, Da Nang 55000, Vietnam
| | - Cong Tien Nguyen
- Department
of Chemistry, Ho Chi Minh City University
of Education, 280 An
Duong Vuong Street, Ward 4, District 5, Ho
Chi Minh City 70000, Vietnam
| | - Huy Gia Ngo
- Center
for Advanced Chemistry, Institute of Research and Development, Duy Tan University, 03 Quang Trung, Da Nang 55000, Vietnam
- Department
of Pharmacy, Duy Tan University, 03 Quang Trung, Da Nang 55000, Vietnam
| | - Giang Thi Truc Nguyen
- Department
of Chemistry, Ho Chi Minh City University
of Education, 280 An
Duong Vuong Street, Ward 4, District 5, Ho
Chi Minh City 70000, Vietnam
- Thanh
Hoa High School, Thanh Hoa District, Long An Province 82906, Vietnam
| | - Phan Thi Thuy
- Faculty
of Chemistry, College of Education, Vinh
University 182 Le Duan, Vinh City, Nghe An Province 46000, Vietnam
| | - William N. Setzer
- Aromatic
Plant Research Center, 230 N 1200 E, Suite 100, Lehi, Utah 84043, United States
- Department
of Chemistry, University of Alabama in Huntsville, Huntsville, Alabama 35899, United States
| | - Ping-Chung Kuo
- School
of Pharmacy, College of Medicine, National
Cheng Kung University, Tainan 701, Taiwan
| | - Ha Manh Bui
- Faculty
of Environment, Saigon University, 273 An Duong Vuong Street, District
5, Ho Chi Minh City 70000, Vietnam
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Shah SI, Nasir F, Malik NS, Alamzeb M, Abbas M, Rehman IU, Khuda F, Shah Y, Goh KW, Zeb A, Ming LC. Efficacy Evaluation of 10-Hydroxy Chondrofoline and Tafenoquine against Leishmania tropica (HTD7). Pharmaceuticals (Basel) 2022; 15:ph15081005. [PMID: 36015153 PMCID: PMC9415556 DOI: 10.3390/ph15081005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/27/2022] [Revised: 07/09/2022] [Accepted: 07/15/2022] [Indexed: 11/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Leishmaniasis is affirmed as a category one disease (most emerging and unmanageable) by the World Health Organization (WHO), affecting 98 countries with an annual global incidence of ~1.2 million cases. Options for chemotherapeutic treatment are limited due to drug resistance and cytotoxicity. Thus, the search for new chemical compounds is instantly desirable. In this study, we used two compounds, i.e., 10-hydroxy chondrofoline and tafenoquine, for their antileishmanial activity against L. tropica (HTD7). First, the cytotoxicity assay of the test compounds against THP-1 cells was carried out, and these compounds were found safe. Intra-THP-1 amastigote activity (in vitro) was performed, which was then followed by the in vivo activity of 10-hydroxy chondrofoline in the murine cutaneous leishmaniasis (CL) model. A total of three concentrations were used, i.e., 25, 50, and 100 µM, to check the in vitro activity of the test compounds against the amastigotes. 10-hydroxy chondrofoline was found to be the most potent compound in vitro (and thus was selected for in vivo studies) with an LD50 value of 43.80 µM after 48 h incubation, whilst tafenoquine had an LD50 value of 53.57 µM. In vivo activity was conducted by injecting 10-hydroxy chondrofoline in the left hind foot of the infected BALB/c mice, where it caused a statistically significant 58.3% (F = 14.18; p = 0.002) reduction in lesion size (0.70 ± 0.03 mm) when compared with negative control (1.2 ± 0.3 mm).
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Affiliation(s)
- Sayyed Ibrahim Shah
- Department of Pharmacy, Abdul Wali Khan University Mardan, Khyber Pakhtunkhwa 23200, Pakistan
- Correspondence: (S.I.S.); (L.C.M.)
| | - Fazli Nasir
- Department of Pharmacy, University of Peshawar, Khyber Pakhtunkhwa 25100, Pakistan
| | - Nadia Shamshad Malik
- Faculty of Pharmacy, Capital University of Science and Technology, Islamabad 44000, Pakistan
| | - Muhammad Alamzeb
- Department of Chemistry, University of Kotli, Kotli 11100, Pakistan
| | - Muhammad Abbas
- Department of Pharmacy, Abdul Wali Khan University Mardan, Khyber Pakhtunkhwa 23200, Pakistan
| | - Inayat Ur Rehman
- Department of Pharmacy, Abdul Wali Khan University Mardan, Khyber Pakhtunkhwa 23200, Pakistan
| | - Fazli Khuda
- Department of Pharmacy, University of Peshawar, Khyber Pakhtunkhwa 25100, Pakistan
| | - Yasir Shah
- Department of Pharmacy, Abdul Wali Khan University Mardan, Khyber Pakhtunkhwa 23200, Pakistan
| | - Khang Weh Goh
- Faculty of Data Science and Information Technology, INTI International University, Nilai 71800, Malaysia
| | - Alam Zeb
- Department of Biochemistry, University of Malakand, Khyber Pakhtunkhwa 18800, Pakistan
| | - Long Chiau Ming
- PAP Rashidah Sa’adatul Bolkiah Institute of Health Sciences, Universiti Brunei Darussalam, Gadong BE1410, Brunei
- Correspondence: (S.I.S.); (L.C.M.)
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