Prospective, case-controlled study evaluating serum concentration of sirtuin-1 and mannose-binding lectin in patients with and without periodontal and coronary artery disease

Exploring the Novel Potential of Serum SIRT1 and TIMP3 as Biomarkers for In-Stent Restenosis Following Percutaneous Transluminal Angioplasty and Stenting in Arteriosclerosis Obliterans Patients

This study aimed to investigate the potential of serum Sirtuin 1 (SIRT1) and tissue inhibitor of metalloproteinase 3 (TIMP3) levels as biomarkers for in-stent restenosis (ISR) in arteriosclerosis obliterans (ASO) patients following percutaneous transluminal angioplasty (PTA) and stenting. A total of 256 ASO patients who underwent successful PTA with stent implantation were included. Serum levels of SIRT1 and TIMP3 were assessed at baseline and 4 weeks post-procedure. After 6 months, 65 patients were identified with ISR. Significant differences were noted in serum SIRT1 and TIMP3 levels between ISR and non-ISR groups at 4 weeks. TIMP3 had a higher AUC (0.782, 95% CI: 0.726-0.831) than SIRT1 (0.737, 95% CI: 0.678-0.789) for predicting ISR at 6 months. Correlation analysis showed a positive association between SIRT1 and TIMP3 levels in ISR patients at 4 weeks, but not in non-ISR patients. Multivariate analysis revealed diabetes (OR = 1.436, 95% CI: 1.205-1.925) and carotid stenosis (OR = 4.551, 95% CI: 1.364-15.185) significantly increased ISR risk, while lower SIRT1 (OR = 0.985, 95% CI: 0.978-0.992) and TIMP3 (OR = 0.574, 95% CI: 0.464-0.710) levels were significantly associated with ISR. Serum SIRT1 and TIMP3 levels at 4 weeks post-procedure are significant predictors of ISR in ASO patients following PTA and stenting. Lower SIRT1 and TIMP3 levels correlate with higher ISR risk. These findings suggest that monitoring serum SIRT1 and TIMP3 levels could be a valuable tool in predicting ISR, which could inform clinical decisions and patient management.

The relationship between SIRT1 and inflammation: a systematic review and meta-analysis

Recent studies underscore the anti-inflammatory role of SIRT1; however, its levels during inflammatory states remain ambiguous. We synthesized relevant studies up to 20 March 2024 to evaluate the relationship between SIRT1 and inflammation, using data from three major databases. Employing a random-effects model, we analyzed both cross-sectional and longitudinal studies, calculating weighted mean differences (WMDs) for pooled effect sizes. Subgroup and sensitivity analyses, along with a risk of bias assessment, were also conducted. We reviewed 13 publications, encompassing 21 datasets and 2,028 participants. The meta-analysis indicated higher SIRT1 levels in inflammatory groups compared to control groups pre-adjustment (WMD, 3.18 ng/ml; 95% CI 2.30, 4.06 ng/ml; P<0.001; I²= 99.7%) and post-adjustment (WMD, 0.88 ng/ml; 95% CI 0.14, 1.62 ng/ml; P<0.001; I²= 99.5%). Notably, middle-aged patients with inflammation exhibited lower SIRT1 levels (WMD, -0.85 ng/ml; 95% CI -1.47, -0.22 ng/ml; P= 0.008; I²= 95.4%), while groups characterized by East Asian descent, plasma studies, autoimmune conditions, and musculoskeletal disorders showed higher levels. The findings suggest that inflammation generally upregulates SIRT1, potentially elucidating its role in immunobiological processes. However, the significant heterogeneity observed, partly due to the cross-sectional nature of some data, limits insights into the duration of disease progression, which remains highly variable.

Morinda officinalis polysaccharides inhibit the expression and activity of NOD-like receptor thermal protein domain associated protein 3 in inflammatory periodontal ligament cells by upregulating silent information regulator sirtuin 1

OBJECTIVES

This study aims to investigate the effect of morinda officinalis polysaccharides (MOP) in inflammatory microenvironment on the expression of silent information regulator sirtuin 1 (SIRT1) and NOD-like receptor thermal protein domain associated protein 3 (NLRP3) in periodontal ligament cells.

METHODS

Thirty rats were randomly divided into control group (n=6) and model group (n=24). The model group used orthodontic wire ligation to establish periodontitis, and six rats from each group were killed after 3 weeks. The successful modeling was confirmed by Micro-CT. The remaining rats in the model group were randomly divided into natural recovery group, normal saline (NS) group, and MOP group. In the MOP group, MOP [200 mg/(kg·3d), 50 µL for 4 weeks] was injected into the palatal side of the left maxillary first molar of the rats, while the NS group was injected with equal volume of NS. The natural recovery group did not undergo any treatment. The left maxilla tissues of the rats were collected, and pathological changes in perio-dontal ligament cells were observed by hematoxylin-eosin (HE) staining. The expression of SIRT1 and NLRP3 was detected by immunohistochemistry. Cultivate periodontal ligament fibroblasts in vitro and detect the effect of MOP on cell activity using CCK-8. The 4th generation cells were divided into control group, inflammation group (10 µg/mL lipopolysaccharide), and experimental group (5 µmol/L MOP, 5 µmol/L MOP+10 µg/mL lipopolysaccharide). The expression of SIRT1 and NLRP3 was detected by quantitative realtime polymerase chain reaction (qRT-PCR) and Western blot analyses. The acetylation of NLRP3 and the contents of interleukin (IL)-1β and IL-18 were detected by immunoprecipitation and enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay, respectively. Statistical analysis of data was conducted using Prism 9.0 software.

RESULTS

In the vivo experiments, the expression of NLRP3 and SIRT1 in the MOP group decreased significantly compared with that in the natural recovery group and NS group, while the expression of SIRT1 increased (P<0.05) and inflammatory cell infiltration decreased. In the in vitro experiments, the expression of NLRP3 mRNA and protein in the inflammation group increased (P<0.05), while the expression of SIRT1 significantly decreased (P<0.01); MOP upregulated the expression of SIRT1 in inflammatory cells (P<0.05), reduced the expression of NLRP3 and its acetylation level significantly (P<0.05), suppressed the content of IL-1β and IL-18 in the supernatant (P<0.01).

CONCLUSIONS

The SIRT1 expression decreased, and that of NLRP3 expression increased in inflammatory periodontal ligament cells. MOP intervention promoted SIRT1 expression, resulting in the inhibition of NLRP3. Meanwhile, the acetylation level of NLRP3 reduced through deacetylation, leading to the decreased activity of NLRP3. Thus, MOP acted as inflammatory suppressor.

Value of Serum Sirtuin-1 (SIRT1) Levels and SIRT1 Gene Variants in Periodontitis Patients

Background and Objectives: Periodontitis is a multifactorial inflammatory disease associated with biofilm dysbiosis and is defined by progressive periodontium destruction. Genes largely regulate this entire process. SIRTs are a group of histone deacetylases (HDACs) intimately involved in cell metabolism and are responsible for altering and regulating numerous cell functions. Understanding SIRTs and their functions in periodontitis may be useful for therapeutic treatment strategies in the future. The aim of our study was to investigate the associations amid SIRT1 single-gene nucleotide polymorphisms (rs3818292, rs3758391, and rs7895833) and SIRT1 serum levels for patients affected by periodontitis in the Caucasian population. Materials and Methods: The study included 201 patients affected by periodontitis and 500 healthy controls. DNA extraction from peripheral leukocytes was carried out using commercial kits. The real-time PCR method was selected for the determination of the genotype of the periodontitis patients and the control group. The ELISA method was used to measure the SIRT1 concentration. A statistical data analysis was performed using “BM SPSS Statistics 27.0” software. Results: The SIRT1 rs3818292 AG genotype was associated with a 2-fold and 1.9-fold increase in the development of periodontitis under the codominant and overdominant models (OR = 1.959; CI = 1.239–3.098; p = 0.004; and OR = 1.944; CI = 1.230–3.073; p = 0.004, respectively). The serum SIRT1 levels were not statistically significantly different between subjects in the periodontitis and control groups (0.984 (5.159) ng/mL vs. 0.514 (7.705) ng/mL, p = 0.792). Conclusions: in our study, the genotypes and alleles of SIRT1 rs3818292, rs3758391, and rs7895833 statistically significantly differed between the periodontitis and control groups, exclusively in the male population and subjects older than 60 years.

Evaluation of the serum levels of Mannose binding lectin-2, tenascin-C, and total antioxidant capacity in patients with coronary artery disease

Background

Coronary artery disease (CAD) develops as a result of atherosclerosis. Atherosclerosis is a condition that leads to clogged arteries and can be caused by a variety of factors. Several studies have shown that various factors contribute to the development and progression of CAD. The aim of this study was to investigate the serum levels of MBL‐2, TNC and TAC in patients with CAD and the relationship between these biochemical parameters and the progression of CAD.

Methods

In this study, 60 serum samples were obtained from CAD patients as the case group and 20 healthy serum samples as the control group. Serum levels of MBL‐2 and TNC were measured by the ELISA method. Serum TAC level was determined by calorimetry (spectrophotometry). In addition, MDA serum level was measured by reaction with thiobarbituric acid (TBA).

Results

The mean age in the case and control groups was 58.4 ± 9.5 years and 85 ± 9.8 years, respectively. There was no significant difference in age, sex and family history in patients with CAD (p > 0.05), but there was a significant difference in blood pressure and smoking history (p > 0.05). Serum cholesterol, triglyceride, and LDL levels were significantly increased in the case group compared to the control group, while serum HDL‐C levels were significantly decreased in the case group. Serum levels of MBL‐2, TNC, and MDA were significantly increased in the case group compared to the control group. The serum level of TAC was significantly lower in the case group than in the control group.

Conclusion

This study suggests that it is possible to diagnose patients with coronary artery disease (CAD) in the early stages of their disease and take preventive measures by measuring these parameters in serum. However, more research is needed before these serum parameters can be considered diagnostic biomarkers or therapeutic targets.