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Manzano-Sánchez D, Gómez-Mármol A, Gómez-López M. Body Mass Index: Influence on Interpersonal Style, Basic Psychological Needs, Motivation, and Physical Activity Intention in Physical Education-Differences between Gender and Educational Stage. Behav Sci (Basel) 2023; 13:1015. [PMID: 38131871 PMCID: PMC10740544 DOI: 10.3390/bs13121015] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/01/2023] [Revised: 12/02/2023] [Accepted: 12/12/2023] [Indexed: 12/23/2023] Open
Abstract
The present research study's main objective was to find out whether there is a relationship between the body mass index (BMI) and the psychological aspects related to motivation, needs such as autonomy, competence, and social relationships, and the intention of being physically active in Physical Education students in Primary and Secondary Education. To achieve this, a total of 574 students (mean = 13.66; standard deviation = 1.96) participated in this study, to whom a series of questionnaires was administered once permission had been obtained from the centers the students attended, alongside the latter's acceptance to participate in the study. The main results showed that the students with a higher BMI were those who had lower self-determined motivation values with regard to the three basic psychological needs observed and the intention of physical activity. In turn, our differential analysis identified that the students attending Primary Education had lower values of BMI, motivation, and intention to be physically active than the students attending Secondary Education, without finding differences based on the gender of the participants. The need to keep on investigating this topic is consequently gathered, using direct techniques for measuring BMI or proposing mixed research designs.
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Affiliation(s)
- David Manzano-Sánchez
- Department of Didactics of Musical, Plastic and Corporal Expression, Faculty of Education and Psychology, University of Extremadura, 06006 Badajoz, Spain;
| | - Alberto Gómez-Mármol
- Department of Didactics of Plastic, Musical and Dynamic Expression, Faculty of Education, University of Murcia, 30100 Murcia, Spain
- Campus of International Excellence “Mare Nostrum”, University of Murcia, 30100 Murcia, Spain;
| | - Manuel Gómez-López
- Campus of International Excellence “Mare Nostrum”, University of Murcia, 30100 Murcia, Spain;
- Department of Physical Activity and Sport, Faculty of Sports Sciences, University of Murcia, 30720 Murcia, Spain
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Young MF, Nguyen PH, Tran LM, Khuong LQ, Hendrix S, Martorell R, Ramakrishnan U. Maternal preconception BMI and gestational weight gain are associated with weight retention and maternal and child body fat at 6-7 years postpartum in the PRECONCEPT cohort. Front Nutr 2023; 10:1114815. [PMID: 37305082 PMCID: PMC10254082 DOI: 10.3389/fnut.2023.1114815] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/02/2022] [Accepted: 04/03/2023] [Indexed: 06/13/2023] Open
Abstract
Background There is limited evidence from prospective cohorts in low-resource settings on the long-term impact of pre-pregnancy body mass index (PPBMI) and gestational weight gain (GWG) on postpartum weight retention (PPWR) and maternal and child body composition. Objectives We examined the associations between PPBMI and timing of GWG on PPWR at 1, 2, and 6-7 years and maternal and child percent body fat at 6-7 years. Methods We used data from the PRECONCEPT study (NCT01665378) that included prospectively collected data on 864 mother-child pairs from preconception through 6-7 years postpartum. The key outcomes were PPWR at 1, 2, and 6-7 years, and maternal and child percent body fat at 6-7 years that was measured using bioelectric impedance. Maternal conditional GWG (CGWG) was defined as window-specific weight gains (< 20wk, 21-29wk, and ≥ 30wk), uncorrelated with PPBMI and all prior body weights. PPBMI and CGWG were calculated as standardized z-scores to allow for relative comparisons of a 1 standard deviation (SD) increase in weight gain for each window. We used multivariable linear regressions to examine the associations, adjusting for baseline demographic characteristics, intervention, breastfeeding practices, diet and physical activity. Results Mean (SD) PPBMI and GWG were 19.7 (2.1) kg/m2 and 10.2 (4.0) kg, respectively. Average PPWR at 1, 2, and 6-7 years was 1.1, 1.5 and 4.3 kg, respectively. A one SD increase in PPBMI was associated with a decrease in PPWR at 1 year (β [95% CI]: -0.21 [-0.37, -0.04]) and 2 years (-0.20 [-0.39, -0.01]); while a one SD in total CGWG was associated with an increase in PPWR at 1 year (1.01 [0.85,1.18]), 2 years (0.95 [0.76, 1.15]) and 6-7 years (1.05 [0.76, 1.34]). Early CGWG (< 20 weeks) had the greatest association with PPWR at each time point as well as with maternal (0.67 [0.07, 0.87]) and child (0.42 [0.15, 0.69]) percent body fat at 6-7 years. Conclusion Maternal nutrition before and during pregnancy may have long-term implications for PPWR and body composition. Interventions should consider targeting women preconception and early in pregnancy to optimize maternal and child health outcomes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Melissa F. Young
- Hubert Department of Global Health, Emory University, Atlanta, GA, United States
- Doctoral Program in Nutrition and Health Sciences, Laney Graduate School, Emory University, Atlanta, GA, United States
| | - Phuong Hong Nguyen
- Poverty, Health and Nutrition Division, International Food Policy Research Institute (IFPRI), Washington, DC, United States
- Thai Nguyen University of Pharmacy and Medicine, Thai Nguyen, Vietnam
| | - Lan Mai Tran
- Hubert Department of Global Health, Emory University, Atlanta, GA, United States
- Doctoral Program in Nutrition and Health Sciences, Laney Graduate School, Emory University, Atlanta, GA, United States
| | | | - Sara Hendrix
- Hubert Department of Global Health, Emory University, Atlanta, GA, United States
| | - Reynaldo Martorell
- Hubert Department of Global Health, Emory University, Atlanta, GA, United States
- Doctoral Program in Nutrition and Health Sciences, Laney Graduate School, Emory University, Atlanta, GA, United States
| | - Usha Ramakrishnan
- Hubert Department of Global Health, Emory University, Atlanta, GA, United States
- Doctoral Program in Nutrition and Health Sciences, Laney Graduate School, Emory University, Atlanta, GA, United States
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Zoltick D, Scribani MB, Krupa N, Kern M, Vaccaro E, Jenkins P. Healthy Lifestyle Counseling by Healthcare Practitioners: A Time to Event Analysis. J Prim Care Community Health 2021; 12:21501327211024427. [PMID: 34142610 PMCID: PMC8216346 DOI: 10.1177/21501327211024427] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Medical societies have heavily prioritized preventive care, as evidenced by numerous best practice guidelines supporting counseling patients on lifestyle factors. This report examines preventive counseling by healthcare providers in a rural healthcare system. We utilized electronic medical records to determine whether patient characteristics and chronic conditions were predictors of preventive counseling, and what the average time-interval was before a patient received this counseling. METHODS Medical records from a cohort of 395 subjects participating in the 1999 Bassett Health Census Survey were reviewed for documented counseling with respect to smoking cessation, weight management, physical activity, and health condition-related diets (anti-hypertensive and diabetic diets). RESULTS Our analyses revealed extensive delays in counseling for smoking cessation among smokers (median time to counseling = 4.2 years), for weight management among the obese (median time = 4.8 years), and for physical activity for all subjects (median time = 10.9 years). For those with diabetes, a median time of 7.5 years passed before being counseled on a diabetic diet. Hypertensive diet counseling did not occur for more than 50% of hypertensives. CONCLUSION In this population, we did not find documentation of lifestyle counseling that was in compliance with current guidelines for any of the lifestyle factors. The measurement of actual delay times provides further support for the position that preventive efforts of health care providers need to be improved.
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Affiliation(s)
- David Zoltick
- University of Rochester, Rochester, NY, USA.,Bassett Healthcare Network, Cooperstown, NY, USA
| | | | - Nicole Krupa
- Bassett Healthcare Network, Cooperstown, NY, USA
| | - Megan Kern
- Bassett Healthcare Network, Cooperstown, NY, USA
| | | | - Paul Jenkins
- Bassett Healthcare Network, Cooperstown, NY, USA
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Sousa APDM, Pereira IC, Araujo LDL, Rocha MRD, Bandeira HMM, Lima LHDO. Prevalence and factors associated with overweight in adults in Brazilian capitals and the Federal District, 2019. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2021; 30:e2020838. [PMID: 34287557 DOI: 10.1590/s1679-49742021000300014] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/17/2020] [Accepted: 03/02/2021] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE Se To analyze the prevalence and factors associated with overweight in Brazilian capitals and the Federal District, Brazil, 2019. METHODS Se Cross-sectional study, with data from the Surveillance of risk and protective factors for chronic diseases by telephone survey, 2019. Prevalence was calculated overweight and association with sociodemographic and behavioral characteristics and health status, stratified according to sex. RESULTS Se The prevalence of overweight was 55.9% (95%CI 54.9;56.9), associated in men with age of 35-44 years (PR=1.87 - 95%CI 1.65;2.12), alcohol consumption (PR=1.09 - 95%CI 1.03;1.15), and hypertension (PR=1.24 - 95%CI 1.17;1.31); and in women, associated to age 45-54 years (PR=2.03 - 95%CI 1.77;2.32), habit of watching television for 3h/day (PR=1.09 - 95%CI 1.04;1.15), and poor/very poor health status (PR=1.31 - 95%CI 1.20;1.43). CONCLUSION Se Overweight was observed in more than half of the sample, associated with hypertension, diabetes mellitus and alcohol consumption, in both sexes.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Izabela Cristina Pereira
- Universidade Federal do Piauí, Programa de Pós-Graduação em Saúde e Comunidade, Teresina, PI, Brasil
| | - Laécio de Lima Araujo
- Universidade Federal do Piauí, Programa de Pós-Graduação em Saúde e Comunidade, Teresina, PI, Brasil
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Tran P, Tran L, Tran L. A Cross-Sectional Comparison of US Adult Diabetes Screening Levels by Disability Status. J Prim Prev 2021; 42:459-471. [PMID: 34254255 DOI: 10.1007/s10935-021-00641-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 06/26/2021] [Indexed: 10/20/2022]
Abstract
Diabetes is a potentially life-threatening metabolic condition that disproportionately affects US adults with a disability. Diabetes screening is key to early disease detection and prompt treatment, but it is not known whether US adults with a disability receive similar levels of diabetes screening as individuals without a disability. We compared diabetes screening levels in US adults with a disability to those without one. Using national 2017 Behavioral Risk Factor Surveillance System surveys, we determined the prevalence of diabetes screening by disability status in US adults who fall under the American Diabetes Association's recommended screening guidelines: those younger than 45 years old with a body mass index (BMI) ≥ 25 kg/m2 and those aged 45 years and older. We used logistic regression modelling to examine the impact of disability status on diabetes screening while adjusting for diabetes associated sociodemographic and clinical factors. In people with a disability, around 50% of those younger than 45 years old with a BMI ≥ 25 kg/m2 and 33% of those 45 years or older did not receive screening. In the under 45 years with a BMI ≥ 25 kg/m2 screening group, individuals with a disability had a slightly higher but non-significant prevalence, but a lower adjusted odds of diabetes screening compared to those without a disability. People with a disability under age 45 had a slightly lower but again non-significant prevalence but a higher adjusted odds of diabetes screening than did those without a disability who were age 45 or older. Additional interventions are needed to improve diabetes screening levels among US adults with a disability at high risk of developing diabetes as screening is a critical initial step in the diabetes management process.
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Affiliation(s)
- Phoebe Tran
- Department of Chronic Disease Epidemiology, Yale University, 60 College Street, New Haven, CT, 06510, USA.
| | - Lam Tran
- Department of Biostatistics, Michigan School of Public Health, 1415 Washington Heights, Ann Arbor, MI, 48109, USA
| | - Liem Tran
- Deparment of Geography, University of Tennessee, 1000 Phillip Fulmer Way, Knoxville, TN, 37916, USA
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Tran P, Tran L, Tran L. A comparison of post-stroke hypertension medication use between US Stroke Belt and Non-Stroke Belt residents. J Clin Hypertens (Greenwich) 2021; 23:1260-1263. [PMID: 33599053 PMCID: PMC8678722 DOI: 10.1111/jch.14213] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/24/2020] [Revised: 01/18/2021] [Accepted: 01/26/2021] [Indexed: 12/01/2022]
Abstract
Although hypertension is a contributing factor to higher stroke occurrence in the Stroke Belt, little is known about post‐stroke hypertension medication use in Stroke Belt residents. Through the use of national Behavioral Risk Factor Surveillance System surveys from 2015, 2017, and 2019; we compared unadjusted and adjusted estimates of post‐stroke hypertension medication use by Stroke Belt residence status. Similar levels of post‐stroke hypertension medication use were observed between Stroke Belt residents (OR: 1.09, 95% CI: 0.89, 1.33) and non‐Stroke Belt residents. After adjustment, Stroke Belt residents had 1.14 times the odds of post‐stroke hypertension medication use (95% CI: 0.92, 1.41) compared to non‐Stroke Belt residents. Findings from this study suggest that there is little difference between post‐stroke hypertension medication use between Stroke Belt and non‐Stroke Belt residents. However, further work is needed to assess whether use of other non‐medicinal methods of post‐stroke hypertension control differs by Stroke Belt residence status.
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Affiliation(s)
- Phoebe Tran
- Department of Chronic Disease Epidemiology, Yale University, New Haven, CT, USA
| | - Lam Tran
- Department of Biostatistics, Michigan School of Public Health, Ann Arbor, MI, USA
| | - Liem Tran
- Department of Geography, University of Tennessee, Knoxville, TN, USA
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Plummer A, Walker I. Can self-regulation explain why not everyone is overweight or obese? AUSTRALIAN JOURNAL OF PSYCHOLOGY 2021. [DOI: 10.1080/00049530.2021.1883999] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/22/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Ann Plummer
- Discipline of Psychology, University of Canberra, Canberra, Australia
| | - Iain Walker
- Discipline of Psychology, University of Canberra, Canberra, Australia
- Research School of Psychology, Australian National University, Australia
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8
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Tran P, Tran L, Tran L. A comparison of routine diabetes screening by sexual orientation in
US
adults. PRACTICAL DIABETES 2021. [DOI: 10.1002/pdi.2315] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Phoebe Tran
- Department of Chronic Disease Epidemiology, Yale University New Haven Connecticut United States
| | - Lam Tran
- Department of Biostatistics, Michigan School of Public Health Ann Arbor Michigan United States
| | - Liem Tran
- Department of Geography, University of Tennessee Knoxville Tennessee United States
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Jayasena CN, Sharma A, Abbara A, Luo R, White CJ, Hoskin SG, Khanjani S, Crawford MJ, Ramsay JW, Minhas S, Dhillo WS. Burdens and awareness of adverse self-reported lifestyle factors in men with sub-fertility: A cross-sectional study in 1149 men. Clin Endocrinol (Oxf) 2020; 93:312-321. [PMID: 32362009 DOI: 10.1111/cen.14213] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/21/2020] [Revised: 04/07/2020] [Accepted: 04/20/2020] [Indexed: 01/25/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND There are no current pharmacological therapies to improve sperm quality in men with sub-fertility. Reducing the exposure to lifestyle risk factor (LSF) is currently the only intervention for improving sperm quality in men with sub-fertility. No previous study has investigated what proportion of men with sub-fertility are exposed to adverse lifestyle factors. Furthermore, it is not known to what extent men with sub-fertility are aware of lifestyle factors potentially adversely impacting their fertility. METHODS A cross-sectional anonymous questionnaire-based study on self-reported exposure and awareness of LSF was conducted in 1149 male partners of couples investigated for sub-fertility in a tertiary andrology centre in London, UK. RESULTS Seventy per cent of men investigated for sub-fertility had ≥1 LSF, and twenty-nine per cent had ≥2 LSF. Excessive alcohol consumption was the most common LSF (40% respondents). Seventeen per cent of respondents used recreational drugs (RD) regularly, but only 32% of RD users believed RD impair male fertility. Twenty-five per cent of respondents were smokers, which is higher than the UK average (20%). Twenty-seven per cent of respondents had a waist circumference (WC) >36 inches (91 cm), and 4% had WC >40 inches (102 cm). Seventy-nine per cent of respondents wanted further lifestyle education to improve their fertility. CONCLUSIONS Our data suggest that men with sub-fertility are as follows: (a) exposed to one or more LSF; (b) have incomplete education about how LSF may cause male sub-fertility; (c) want more education about reducing LSF. Further studies are needed to investigate the potential of enhanced education of men about LSF to treat couples with sub-fertility.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Aditi Sharma
- Section of Investigative Medicine, Imperial College, London, UK
| | - Ali Abbara
- Section of Investigative Medicine, Imperial College, London, UK
| | - Rong Luo
- Section of Investigative Medicine, Imperial College, London, UK
| | | | - Sophie G Hoskin
- Section of Investigative Medicine, Imperial College, London, UK
| | - Shirin Khanjani
- Institute of Reproductive and Developmental Biology, Imperial College, London, UK
| | | | | | | | - Waljit S Dhillo
- Section of Investigative Medicine, Imperial College, London, UK
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Flegal KM, Ogden CL, Fryar C, Afful J, Klein R, Huang DT. Comparisons of Self-Reported and Measured Height and Weight, BMI, and Obesity Prevalence from National Surveys: 1999-2016. Obesity (Silver Spring) 2019; 27:1711-1719. [PMID: 31544344 PMCID: PMC7289317 DOI: 10.1002/oby.22591] [Citation(s) in RCA: 73] [Impact Index Per Article: 14.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/25/2019] [Accepted: 06/13/2019] [Indexed: 11/06/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE The aim of this study was to compare national estimates of self-reported and measured height and weight, BMI, and obesity prevalence among adults from US surveys. METHODS Self-reported height and weight data came from the National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey (NHANES), the National Health Interview Survey, and the Behavioral Risk Factor Surveillance System for the years 1999 to 2016. Measured height and weight data were available from NHANES. BMI was calculated from height and weight; obesity was defined as BMI ≥ 30. RESULTS In all three surveys, mean self-reported height was higher than mean measured height in NHANES for both men and women. Mean BMI from self-reported data was lower than mean BMI from measured data across all surveys. For women, mean self-reported weight, BMI, and obesity prevalence in the National Health Interview Survey and Behavioral Risk Factor Surveillance System were lower than self-report in NHANES. The distribution of BMI was narrower for self-reported than for measured data, leading to lower estimates of obesity prevalence. CONCLUSIONS Self-reported height, weight, BMI, and obesity prevalence were not identical across the three surveys, particularly for women. Patterns of misreporting of height and weight and their effects on BMI and obesity prevalence are complex.
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Affiliation(s)
- Katherine M. Flegal
- Prevention Research Center, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, California, USA
| | - Cynthia L. Ogden
- National Center for Health Statistics, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, Hyattsville, Maryland, USA
| | - Cheryl Fryar
- National Center for Health Statistics, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, Hyattsville, Maryland, USA
| | | | - Richard Klein
- Kronos Health Data Consulting LLC, Annapolis, Maryland, USA
| | - David T. Huang
- National Center for Health Statistics, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, Hyattsville, Maryland, USA
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Wilson OWA, Bopp CM, Papalia Z, Bopp M. Objective vs self-report assessment of height, weight and body mass index: Relationships with adiposity, aerobic fitness and physical activity. Clin Obes 2019; 9:e12331. [PMID: 31293064 DOI: 10.1111/cob.12331] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/19/2018] [Revised: 05/22/2019] [Accepted: 06/05/2019] [Indexed: 11/27/2022]
Abstract
Researchers, policymakers and clinicians commonly use height and weight to determine body mass index (BMI) and classify weight status. Self-report measures are widely used but often result in misreported height and weight and, consequentially, underestimation of BMI and-potentially-weight status misclassification. The purpose of this study was to examine differences in objective and self-reported height, weight and BMI values and to find whether discordance is associated with other anthropometric measures, fitness and physical activity. Data were collected from college students through: (a) a pre-consultation online questionnaire where participants self-reported gender, height and weight; (b) an objective fitness assessment that assessed height, weight, body fat percentage, abdominal girth and predicted aerobic fitness; and (c) a post-assessment electronic survey that assessed physical activity. Parametric and non-parametric analyses examined differences between groups. Objective and self-reported height and weight data were collected from 1061 participants, 224 of whom also provided physical activity data. Women significantly under-reported weight (P = .003, η2 = 0.02), and both genders over-reported height (P < .001, η2 ≥ 0.07), resulting in a significant difference between BMIs calculated using the different measures (P < .001, η2 ≥ 0.07) and the weight status misclassification of ~15% of participants. Significant differences were found in anthropometrics, fitness and physical activity based on reporting differences for weight (P ≤ .015) and BMI (P ≤ .015). Students demonstrated a tendency to under-report weight and over-report height, resulting in weight status misclassification. Those who under-reported weight tended to be in poorer health as indicated by lower aerobic fitness and higher abdominal girth and body fat percentage in particular. Further research is required to establish the link between under-reporting weight and over-reporting physical activity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Oliver W A Wilson
- Department of Kinesiology, Pennsylvania State University, University Park, Pennsylvania
| | - Christopher M Bopp
- Department of Kinesiology, Pennsylvania State University, University Park, Pennsylvania
| | - Zack Papalia
- Department of Kinesiology, Pennsylvania State University, University Park, Pennsylvania
| | - Melissa Bopp
- Department of Kinesiology, Pennsylvania State University, University Park, Pennsylvania
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Tran P, Tran L, Tran L. Impact of rurality on diabetes screening in the US. BMC Public Health 2019; 19:1190. [PMID: 31554513 PMCID: PMC6761709 DOI: 10.1186/s12889-019-7491-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/25/2019] [Accepted: 08/14/2019] [Indexed: 01/21/2023] Open
Abstract
Background Due to the high prevalence of diabetes risk factors in rural areas, it is important to identify whether differences in diabetes screening rates between rural and urban areas exist. Thus, the purpose of this study is to examine if living in a rural area, rurality, has any influence on diabetes screening across the US. Methods Participants from the 2011, 2013, 2015, and 2017 nationally representative Behavioral Risk Factor Surveillance System (BRFSS) surveys who responded to a question on diabetes screening were included in the study (n = 1,889,712). Two types of marginal probabilities, average adjusted predictions (AAPs) and average marginal effects (AMEs), were estimated at the national level using this data. AAPs and AMEs allow for the assessment of the independent role of rurality on diabetes screening while controlling for important covariates. Results People who lived in urban, suburban, and rural areas all had comparable odds (Urban compared to Rural Odds Ratio (OR): 1.01, Suburbans compared to Rural OR: 0.95, 0.94) and probabilities of diabetes screening (Urban AAP: 70.47%, Suburban AAPs: 69.31 and 69.05%, Rural AAP: 70.27%). Statistically significant differences in probability of diabetes screening were observed between residents in suburban areas and rural residents (AMEs: − 0.96% and − 1.22%) but not between urban and rural residents (AME: 0.20%). Conclusions While similar levels of diabetes screening were found in urban, suburban, and rural areas, there is arguably a need for increased diabetes screening in rural areas where the prevalence of diabetes risk factors is higher than in urban areas.
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Affiliation(s)
- Phoebe Tran
- Department of Chronic Disease Epidemiology, Yale University, 60 College Street, New Haven, CT, 06510, USA.
| | - Lam Tran
- Department of Biostatistics, Michigan School of Public Health, Ann Arbor, MI, USA
| | - Liem Tran
- Deparment of Geography, University of Tennessee, Knoxville, TN, USA
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Scribani M, Norberg M, Lindvall K, Weinehall L, Sorensen J, Jenkins P. Sex-specific associations between body mass index and death before life expectancy: a comparative study from the USA and Sweden. Glob Health Action 2019; 12:1580973. [PMID: 30947624 PMCID: PMC6461107 DOI: 10.1080/16549716.2019.1580973] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Understanding the impact of obesity on premature mortality is critical, as obesity has become a global health issue. OBJECTIVE To contrast the relationship between body mass index (BMI) and premature death (all-cause; circulatory causes) in New York State (USA) and Northern Sweden. METHODS Baseline data were obtained between 1989 and 1999 via questionnaires (USA) and health exams (Sweden), with mortality data from health departments, public sources (USA) and the Swedish Death Register. Premature death was death before life expectancy based on sex and year of birth. Within country and sex, time to premature death was compared across BMI groups (18.5-24.9 kg/m2 (reference), 25-29.9 kg/m2, 30.0-34.9 kg/m2, ≥35.0 kg/m2) using Proportional Hazards regression. Absolute risk (deaths/100,000 person-years) was compared for the same stratifications among nonsmokers. RESULTS 60,600 Swedish (47.8% male) and 31,198 US subjects (47.7% male) were included. Swedish males with BMI≥30 had increased hazards (HR) of all-cause premature death relative to BMI 18.5-24.9 (BMI 30-34.9, HR = 1.71 (95% CI: 1.44, 2.02); BMI≥35, HR = 2.89 (2.16, 3.88)). BMI≥25 had increased hazards of premature circulatory death (BMI 25-29.9, HR = 1.66 (1.32, 2.08); BMI 30-34.9, HR = 3.02 (2.26, 4.03); BMI≥35, HR = 4.91 (3.05, 7.90)). Among US males, only BMI≥35 had increased hazards of all-cause death (HR = 1.63 (1.25, 2.14)), while BMI 30-34.9 (HR = 1.83 (1.20, 2.79)) and BMI≥35 (HR = 3.18 (1.96, 5.15)) had increased hazards for circulatory death. Swedish females showed elevated hazards with BMI≥30 for all-cause (BMI 30-34.9, HR = 1.42 (1.18, 1.71) and BMI≥35, HR = 1.61 (1.21, 2.15) and with BMI≥35 (HR = 3.11 (1.72, 5.63)) for circulatory death. For US women, increased hazards were observed among BMI≥35 (HR = 2.10 (1.60, 2.76) for all-cause and circulatory HR = 3.04 (1.75, 5.30)). Swedish males with BMI≥35 had the highest absolute risk of premature death (762/100,000 person-years). CONCLUSIONS This study demonstrates a markedly increased risk of premature death associated with increasing BMI among Swedish males, a pattern not duplicated among females.
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Affiliation(s)
- Melissa Scribani
- a Bassett Healthcare Network, Bassett Research Institute , Cooperstown , NY , USA.,b Epidemiology and Global Health, Department of Public Health and Clinical Medicine , Umeå University , Umeå , Sweden
| | - Margareta Norberg
- b Epidemiology and Global Health, Department of Public Health and Clinical Medicine , Umeå University , Umeå , Sweden
| | - Kristina Lindvall
- b Epidemiology and Global Health, Department of Public Health and Clinical Medicine , Umeå University , Umeå , Sweden
| | - Lars Weinehall
- b Epidemiology and Global Health, Department of Public Health and Clinical Medicine , Umeå University , Umeå , Sweden
| | - Julie Sorensen
- a Bassett Healthcare Network, Bassett Research Institute , Cooperstown , NY , USA
| | - Paul Jenkins
- a Bassett Healthcare Network, Bassett Research Institute , Cooperstown , NY , USA
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Ferriani LO, Coutinho ESF, Silva DA, Faria CPD, Molina MDCB, Benseñor IJM, Viana MC. [Underestimation of obesity and overweight based on self-report measures in the general population: prevalence and a proposal for correction models]. CAD SAUDE PUBLICA 2019; 35:e00065618. [PMID: 31291419 DOI: 10.1590/0102-311x00065618] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/01/2018] [Accepted: 03/13/2019] [Indexed: 11/21/2022] Open
Abstract
The study's objectives: compare self-report measures of weight and height with direct measures; assess the impact of these discrepancies on body mass index (BMI) and prevalence of overweight and obesity; and apply correction models to the self-report measures and assess the degree of improvement in the corrected measures produced with the use of these models. A cross-sectional study was performed, assessing 4,151 adults (18 to 60 years) participating in the São Paulo Megacity Epidemiological Study. Linear regression models stratified by sex were proposed for correction of self-reported measures. Agreement was assessed with the intraclass correlation coefficient for the direct measures, self-report measures, and corrected measures, and kappa coefficient for BMI classification categories. Self-reported weight and the resulting BMI were underestimated, while height was overestimated, compared to direct measures. With all the correction models, the corrected measures were closer to the direct measures. Prevalence rates for excess weight, calculated by self-report measures, were underestimated by 24% in men and by 28% in women; with corrections, the underestimation decreased to 8% and 10%, respectively. The results showed moderate agreement for self-report measures and substantial agreement for corrected measures compared to direct measures. The use of correction equations for self-report data proved to be a useful method for producing more trustworthy estimates of prevalence of overweight and obesity in the general population, usually estimated from self-report measures of weight and height in population surveys.
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Wissing M, Chevalier S, McKercher G, Laprise C, Aprikian S, O'Flaherty A, Scarlata E, Saad F, Carmel M, Lacombe L, Brimo F, Latour M, Ekindi-Ndongo N, Têtu B, Aprikian A. The relationship between body-mass index, physical activity, and pathologic and clinical outcomes after radical prostatectomy for prostate cancer. World J Urol 2018; 37:789-798. [PMID: 30136199 DOI: 10.1007/s00345-018-2457-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/30/2018] [Accepted: 08/16/2018] [Indexed: 11/30/2022] Open
Abstract
PURPOSE We evaluated whether an increased body-mass index (BMI) and decreased physical activity increase the risk of locally advanced or high-risk prostate cancer (PCa) at radical prostatectomy (RP), and treatment failure after surgery. METHODS Data were collected from the PROCURE Biobank, a prospective cohort of patients with localized PCa undergoing RP in four academic centers in Québec between 2006 and 2013. Treatment failure was defined as biochemical recurrence and/or initiation of secondary, non-adjuvant therapy, and analyzed using the Kaplan-Meier method, log-rank tests, and Cox proportional-hazards models. Uni- and multivariate (ordered) logistic regression was used for time-independent variables. RESULTS 1813 patients were included. Median follow-up time was 69 months. Patients who reported a lower BMI were generally older, of Asian descent, and physically more active (p < 0.05). Younger, black, and overweight/obese patients reported less physical activity (p < 0.05). In multivariate analyses, a higher BMI increased the risk for locally advanced, high-risk PCa (defined as a pT3, N1 and/or Gleason 8-10 tumor; odds ratio 1.33, p < 0.001), but increased physical activity did not predict high-risk disease (odds ratio 0.84, p = 0.39). Patients with a higher BMI also had a larger prostate at surgery (odds ratio 1.13, p = 0.03). BMI and physical activity were not associated with positive surgical margins or time to treatment failure (p > 0.05). CONCLUSIONS BMI was an independent predictor for locally advanced, high-risk disease in this cohort of PCa patients undergoing RP, but was unrelated to treatment failure. Physical activity was not related to locally advanced, high-risk PCa or treatment failure.
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Affiliation(s)
- Michel Wissing
- Department of Urology, McGill University Health Centre, Montreal, QC, Canada.
- Department of Oncology, McGill University, 5100 Boulevard de Maisonneuve West, Room 720F, Montreal, QC, H4A 3T2, Canada.
| | - Simone Chevalier
- Department of Urology, McGill University Health Centre, Montreal, QC, Canada
- Cancer Research Program, McGill University Health Centre - Research Institute, Montreal, QC, Canada
| | - Ginette McKercher
- Department of Urology, McGill University Health Centre, Montreal, QC, Canada
- Cancer Research Program, McGill University Health Centre - Research Institute, Montreal, QC, Canada
- PROCURE, Mont-Royal, Montreal, QC, Canada
| | - Claudie Laprise
- Department of Oncology, McGill University, 5100 Boulevard de Maisonneuve West, Room 720F, Montreal, QC, H4A 3T2, Canada
| | - Saro Aprikian
- Cancer Research Program, McGill University Health Centre - Research Institute, Montreal, QC, Canada
- PROCURE, Mont-Royal, Montreal, QC, Canada
| | - Ana O'Flaherty
- Department of Urology, McGill University Health Centre, Montreal, QC, Canada
| | - Eleonora Scarlata
- Department of Urology, McGill University Health Centre, Montreal, QC, Canada
- Cancer Research Program, McGill University Health Centre - Research Institute, Montreal, QC, Canada
| | - Fred Saad
- Department of Surgery, Université de Montréal, Montreal, QC, Canada
| | - Michel Carmel
- Department of Surgery, Université de Sherbrooke, Sherbrooke, QC, Canada
| | - Louis Lacombe
- Department of Surgery, Laval University, Laval, QC, Canada
| | - Fadi Brimo
- Department of Pathology, McGill University, Montreal, QC, Canada
| | - Mathieu Latour
- Department of Pathology and Cell Biology, Université de Montreal, Montreal, QC, Canada
| | | | - Bernard Têtu
- Department of Pathology, Laval University, Laval, QC, Canada
| | - Armen Aprikian
- Department of Urology, McGill University Health Centre, Montreal, QC, Canada
- Department of Oncology, McGill University, 5100 Boulevard de Maisonneuve West, Room 720F, Montreal, QC, H4A 3T2, Canada
- Cancer Research Program, McGill University Health Centre - Research Institute, Montreal, QC, Canada
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16
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Prepregnancy obesity: a risk factor for future development of ovarian and breast cancer. Eur J Cancer Prev 2018; 26:151-155. [PMID: 26908154 DOI: 10.1097/cej.0000000000000228] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/31/2022]
Abstract
The aim of this study was to investigate the association between a history of prepregnancy obesity and a woman's future long-term risk for the development of female malignancies. A population-based study compared the incidence of long-term female malignancies in a cohort of consecutive women with and without a diagnosis of prepregnancy obesity. Deliveries occurred between the years 1988 and 2013, with a mean follow-up duration of 11.6 years. Women with known malignancies before the index pregnancy and known genetic predisposition for malignancy were excluded from the study. Female malignancies were divided according to specific type (ovary, uterine, breast, and uterine cervix). A Kaplan-Meier survival curve was used to estimate the cumulative incidence of malignancies. A Cox proportional hazards model was used to estimate the adjusted hazard ratios for female malignancy. During the study period, 106 251 deliveries fulfilled the inclusion criteria; 2.2% (n=2360) occurred in patients with a history of prepregnancy obesity. During the follow-up period, patients with prepregnancy obesity had a significantly increased risk for hospitalization because of female malignancies as a group and specifically ovarian and breast cancer. Using a Kaplan-Meier survival curve, patients with a previous diagnosis of prepregnancy obesity had a significantly higher cumulative incidence of female malignancies. Using a Cox proportional hazards model, adjusted for confounders such as gestational diabetes mellitus and maternal age, prepregnancy obesity remained independently associated with long-term risk for female malignancies (adjusted hazard ratio: 1.4; 95% confidence interval: 1.1-1.9; P=0.045). Prepregnancy obesity is an independent risk factor for long-term female malignancies such as ovarian and breast cancer.
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17
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Flegal KM, Kit BK, Graubard BI. Bias in Hazard Ratios Arising From Misclassification According to Self-Reported Weight and Height in Observational Studies of Body Mass Index and Mortality. Am J Epidemiol 2018; 187:125-134. [PMID: 29309516 DOI: 10.1093/aje/kwx193] [Citation(s) in RCA: 37] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/13/2016] [Accepted: 02/06/2017] [Indexed: 12/31/2022] Open
Abstract
Misclassification of body mass index (BMI) categories arising from self-reported weight and height can bias hazard ratios in studies of BMI and mortality. We examined the effects on hazard ratios of such misclassification using national US survey data for 1976 through 2010 that had both measured and self-reported weight and height along with mortality follow-up for 48,763 adults and a subset of 17,405 healthy never-smokers. BMI was categorized as <22.5 (low), 22.5-24.9 (referent), 25.0-29.9 (overweight), 30.0-34.9 (class I obesity), and ≥35.0 (class II-III obesity). Misreporting at higher BMI categories tended to bias hazard ratios upwards for those categories, but that effect was augmented, counterbalanced, or even reversed by misreporting in other BMI categories, in particular those that affected the reference category. For example, among healthy male never-smokers, misclassifications affecting the overweight and the reference categories changed the hazard ratio for overweight from 0.85 with measured data to 1.24 with self-reported data. Both the magnitude and direction of bias varied according to the underlying hazard ratios in measured data, showing that findings on bias from one study should not be extrapolated to a study with different underlying hazard ratios. Because of misclassification effects, self-reported weight and height cannot reliably indicate the lowest-risk BMI category.
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Affiliation(s)
- Katherine M Flegal
- Division of Health and Nutrition Examination Statistics, National Center for Health Statistics, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, Hyattsville, Maryland
- Prevention Research Center, School of Medicine, Stanford University, Palo Alto, California
| | - Brian K Kit
- Division of Health and Nutrition Examination Statistics, National Center for Health Statistics, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, Hyattsville, Maryland
| | - Barry I Graubard
- Biostatistics Branch, Division of Cancer Epidemiology and Genetics, National Cancer Institute, Bethesda, Maryland
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18
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Wong MCS, Chan CH, Cheung W, Fung DH, Liang M, Huang JLW, Wang YH, Jiang JY, Yu CP, Wang HH, Wu JCY, Chan FKL, Sung JJY. Association between investigator-measured body-mass index and colorectal adenoma: a systematic review and meta-analysis of 168,201 subjects. Eur J Epidemiol 2017; 33:15-26. [PMID: 29288474 PMCID: PMC5803281 DOI: 10.1007/s10654-017-0336-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/26/2017] [Accepted: 11/23/2017] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
The objective of this meta-analysis is to evaluate the odds of colorectal adenoma (CRA) in colorectal cancer screening participants with different body mass index (BMI) levels, and examine if this association was different according to gender and ethnicity. The EMBASE and MEDLINE were searched to enroll high quality observational studies that examined the association between investigator-measured BMI and colonoscopy-diagnosed CRA. Data were independently extracted by two reviewers. A random-effects meta-analysis was conducted to estimate the summary odds ratio (SOR) for the association between BMI and CRA. The Cochran’s Q statistic and I2 analyses were used to assess the heterogeneity. A total of 17 studies (168,201 subjects) were included. When compared with subjects having BMI < 25, individuals with BMI 25–30 had significantly higher risk of CRA (SOR 1.44, 95% CI 1.30–1.61; I2 = 43.0%). Subjects with BMI ≥ 30 had similarly higher risk of CRA (SOR 1.42, 95% CI 1.24–1.63; I2 = 18.5%). The heterogeneity was mild to moderate among studies. The associations were significantly higher than estimates by previous meta-analyses. There was no publication bias detected (Egger’s regression test, p = 0.584). Subgroup analysis showed that the magnitude of association was significantly higher in female than male subjects (SOR 1.43, 95% CI 1.30–1.58 vs. SOR 1.16, 95% CI 1.07–1.24; different among different ethnic groups (SOR 1.72, 1.44 and 0.88 in White, Asians and Africans, respectively) being insignificant in Africans; and no difference exists among different study designs. In summary, the risk conferred by BMI for CRA was significantly higher than that reported previously. These findings bear implications in CRA risk estimation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Martin Chi-Sang Wong
- Institute of Digestive Disease, Faculty of Medicine, Chinese University of Hong Kong, Shatin, China.,School of Public Health and Primary Care, Faculty of Medicine, Chinese University of Hong Kong, Shatin, China
| | - Chun-Hei Chan
- School of Public Health and Primary Care, Faculty of Medicine, Chinese University of Hong Kong, Shatin, China
| | - Wilson Cheung
- School of Public Health and Primary Care, Faculty of Medicine, Chinese University of Hong Kong, Shatin, China
| | - Din-Hei Fung
- School of Public Health and Primary Care, Faculty of Medicine, Chinese University of Hong Kong, Shatin, China
| | - Miaoyin Liang
- School of Public Health and Primary Care, Faculty of Medicine, Chinese University of Hong Kong, Shatin, China
| | - Jason Li-Wen Huang
- School of Public Health and Primary Care, Faculty of Medicine, Chinese University of Hong Kong, Shatin, China
| | - Yan-Hong Wang
- School of Basic Medicine, Peking Union Medical College and Institute of Basic Medical Sciences, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, Beijing, 100050, China
| | - Johnny Yu Jiang
- Peking Union School of Public Health, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, 100050, China
| | - Chun-Pong Yu
- Li Ping Medical Library, Chinese University of Hong Kong, Shatin, HKSAR, China
| | - Harry Haoxiang Wang
- School of Public Health, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, 510080, Guangdong, China
| | - Justin Che-Yuen Wu
- Institute of Digestive Disease, Faculty of Medicine, Chinese University of Hong Kong, Shatin, China.,Department of Medicine and Therapeutics, Faculty of Medicine, Chinese University of Hong Kong, Shatin, China.,State Key Laboratory of Digestive Disease, Faculty of Medicine, Chinese University of Hong Kong, Shatin, China
| | - Francis Ka-Leung Chan
- Institute of Digestive Disease, Faculty of Medicine, Chinese University of Hong Kong, Shatin, China.,Department of Medicine and Therapeutics, Faculty of Medicine, Chinese University of Hong Kong, Shatin, China.,State Key Laboratory of Digestive Disease, Faculty of Medicine, Chinese University of Hong Kong, Shatin, China
| | - Joseph Jao-Yiu Sung
- Institute of Digestive Disease, Faculty of Medicine, Chinese University of Hong Kong, Shatin, China. .,Department of Medicine and Therapeutics, Faculty of Medicine, Chinese University of Hong Kong, Shatin, China. .,State Key Laboratory of Digestive Disease, Faculty of Medicine, Chinese University of Hong Kong, Shatin, China.
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Shoemaker ML, White MC, Hawkins NA, Hayes NS. Prevalence of Smoking and Obesity Among U.S. Cancer Survivors: Estimates From the National Health Interview Survey, 2008-2012. Oncol Nurs Forum 2017; 43:436-41. [PMID: 27314186 DOI: 10.1188/16.onf.43-04ap] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Abstract
PURPOSE/OBJECTIVES To describe smoking and obesity prevalence among male and female cancer survivors in the United States.
. DESIGN Cross-sectional survey.
. SETTING Household interviews.
. SAMPLE 9,753 survey respondents who reported ever having a malignancy, excluding nonmelanoma skin cancers.
. METHODS Data from the National Health Interview Survey (2008-2012) were used to calculate weighted smoking status prevalence estimates. Cross-tabulations of smoking and weight status were produced, along with Wald chi-square tests and linear contrasts.
. MAIN RESEARCH VARIABLES Cancer history, smoking status, obesity status, gender, age, and age at diagnosis.
. FINDINGS Seventeen percent of cancer survivors reported current smoking. Female survivors had higher rates of current smoking than males, particularly in the youngest age category. Male survivors who currently smoked had lower obesity prevalence rates than males who previously smoked or never smoked. Among female survivors, 31% were obese and no significant differences were seen in obesity prevalence by smoking status for all ages combined.
. CONCLUSIONS The findings highlight the variation in smoking status and weight by age and gender. Smoking interventions may need to be targeted to address barriers specific to subgroups of cancer survivors.
. IMPLICATIONS FOR NURSING Nurses can be instrumental in ensuring that survivors receive comprehensive approaches to address both weight and tobacco use to avoid trading one risk for another.
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20
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Heard C, Scuffham PA, Ratcliffe J, Whitty JA. The association between misperceptions around weight status and quality of life in adults in Australia. Health Qual Life Outcomes 2017; 15:53. [PMID: 28320413 PMCID: PMC5359799 DOI: 10.1186/s12955-017-0627-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/11/2016] [Accepted: 03/14/2017] [Indexed: 11/10/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Limited evidence supports a possible association between a person’s perception of their weight status and their quality of life (QoL). This study evaluates whether misperception around weight status is associated with QoL and the impact of gender on this association. Methods A cross-sectional survey of Australian adults (n = 1,905 analysed) collected self-reported height and weight (used to estimate BMI), gender and QoL (described using the AQoL-8D). Participants reported whether they perceived their weight status to be ‘underweight’, ‘healthy weight’, ‘overweight’ or ‘obese’. Misperception around weight status was categorised based on perceived weight status and self-reported BMI. Ordinary least squares regression was used to test associations between self-reported overall, physical and psychosocial QoL, misperception of weight status, and gender, across different BMI categories, after controlling for income, education, relationship status and health conditions. Results Compared to accurate perception, underestimation of weight status was associated with higher overall QoL for obese males and females and for overweight males. Overestimation of weight status was associated with higher overall QoL for underweight females and lower overall QoL for healthy weight males and females. The same pattern was seen for psychosocial QoL. Physical QoL was less sensitive to misperception than psychosocial QoL. Conclusions Self-reported misperception around weight status is associated with overall, psychosocial and to a lesser extent physical QoL in Australian adults, although its role depends on BMI category and gender. Generally misperception in the direction of “healthy weight” is associated with higher QoL and overestimation of weight status by those who are of healthy weight is associated with lower QoL. Findings should be confirmed in datasets that contain measured as opposed to self-report height and weight. Electronic supplementary material The online version of this article (doi:10.1186/s12955-017-0627-7) contains supplementary material, which is available to authorized users.
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Affiliation(s)
- Christopher Heard
- School of Pharmacy, Faculty of Health and Behavioural Sciences, The University of Queensland, St Lucia, QLD, Australia
| | - Paul A Scuffham
- Menzies Health Institute Queensland, Griffith University, Queensland, Australia
| | - Julie Ratcliffe
- Institute for Choice, Business School, University of South Australia, Adelaide, South Australia, Australia
| | - Jennifer A Whitty
- School of Pharmacy, Faculty of Health and Behavioural Sciences, The University of Queensland, St Lucia, QLD, Australia. .,Menzies Health Institute Queensland, Griffith University, Queensland, Australia. .,Health Economics Group, Norwich Medical School, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, University of East Anglia, Norwich Research Park, Norwich, UK, NR4 7JT.
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21
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Cui Z, Stevens J, Truesdale KP, Zeng D, French S, Gordon-Larsen P. Prediction of Body Mass Index Using Concurrently Self-Reported or Previously Measured Height and Weight. PLoS One 2016; 11:e0167288. [PMID: 27898706 PMCID: PMC5127553 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0167288] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/11/2016] [Accepted: 11/11/2016] [Indexed: 11/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Objective To compare alternative models for the imputation of BMIM (measured weight in kilograms/measured height in meters squared) in a longitudinal study. Methods We used data from 11,008 adults examined at wave III (2001–2002) and wave IV (2007–2008) in the National Longitudinal Study of Adolescent to Adult Health. Participants were asked their height and weight before being measured. Equations to predict wave IV BMIM were developed in an 80% random subsample and evaluated in the remaining participants. The validity of models that included BMI constructed from previously measured height and weight (BMIPM) was compared to the validity of models that used BMI calculated from concurrently self-reported height and weight (BMISR). The usefulness of including demographics and perceived weight category in those models was also examined. Results The model that used BMISR, compared to BMIPM, as the only variable produced a larger R2 (0.913 vs. 0.693), a smaller root mean square error (2.07 vs. 3.90 kg/m2) and a lower bias between normal-weight participants and those with obesity (0.98 vs. 4.24 kg/m2). The performance of the model containing BMISR alone was not substantially improved by the addition of demographics, perceived weight category or BMIPM. Conclusions Our work is the first to show that concurrent self-reports of height and weight may be more useful than previously measured height and weight for imputation of missing BMIM when the time interval between measures is relatively long. Other time frames and alternatives to in-person collection of self-reported data need to be examined.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhaohui Cui
- Department of Nutrition, Gillings School of Global Public Health, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, North Carolina, United States of America
- * E-mail:
| | - June Stevens
- Department of Nutrition, Gillings School of Global Public Health, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, North Carolina, United States of America
- Department of Epidemiology, Gillings School of Global Public Health, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, North Carolina, United States of America
| | - Kimberly P. Truesdale
- Department of Nutrition, Gillings School of Global Public Health, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, North Carolina, United States of America
| | - Donglin Zeng
- Department of Biostatistics, Gillings School of Global Public Health, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, North Carolina, United States of America
| | - Simone French
- Division of Epidemiology and Community Health, School of Public Health, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, Minnesota, United States of America
| | - Penny Gordon-Larsen
- Department of Nutrition, Gillings School of Global Public Health, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, North Carolina, United States of America
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22
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Beverage Consumption Patterns among Norwegian Adults. Nutrients 2016; 8:nu8090561. [PMID: 27649236 PMCID: PMC5037546 DOI: 10.3390/nu8090561] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/29/2016] [Revised: 08/29/2016] [Accepted: 09/06/2016] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Beverages may be important contributors for energy intake and dietary quality. The purpose of the study was to investigate how beverage consumption varies between different meals (breakfast, lunch, dinner, supper/evening meal, snacks) and between weekdays and weekend-days in Norwegian adults. A cross-sectional dietary survey was conducted among Norwegian adults (n = 1787) in 2010-2011. Two telephone-administered 24 h recalls were used for dietary data collection. Breakfast was the most important meal for milk and juice consumption, dinner for sugar-sweetened beverages and wine, and snacks for water, coffee, artificially sweetened beverages, and beer. Consumption of sugar-sweetened and artificially sweetened beverages did not differ between weekdays and weekend-days among consumers. The average intake of wine and beer (men only) was higher on weekend-days. Higher age was positively associated with wine consumption and negatively associated with consumption of water, sugar-sweetened, and artificially sweetened beverages. Higher education was associated with consumption of water, beer, and wine, whereas lower education was associated with sugar-sweetened beverage consumption. Beverage consumption patterns among Norwegian adults vary between different meal types and in subgroups of the population. Alcohol consumption was higher on weekend-days. Knowledge regarding beverage consumption patterns in the population should be considered when revising dietary guidelines in the future.
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23
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Yang SO, Kim SJ, Lee SH. Effects of a South Korean Community-Based Cardiovascular Disease Prevention Program for Low-Income Elderly with Hypertension. J Community Health Nurs 2016; 33:154-67. [DOI: 10.1080/07370016.2016.1191872] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/21/2022]
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Myhre JB, Løken EB, Wandel M, Andersen LF. Differences in nutrient composition and choice of side dishes between red meat and fish dinners in Norwegian adults. Food Nutr Res 2016; 60:29555. [PMID: 26781818 PMCID: PMC4716552 DOI: 10.3402/fnr.v60.29555] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/28/2015] [Revised: 12/14/2015] [Accepted: 12/14/2015] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Food-based dietary guidelines often recommend increased consumption of fish and reduced intake of red and processed meat. However, little is known about how changing the main protein source from red meat to fish may influence the choice of side dishes. OBJECTIVE To investigate whether side dish choices differed between red meat and fish dinners. Moreover, to compare intakes of macronutrients and selected micronutrients in red meat and fish dinners and to see whether whole-day intakes of these nutrients differed between days with red meat dinners and days with fish dinners. DESIGN Data were collected in a cross-sectional nationwide Norwegian dietary survey using two non-consecutive telephone-administered 24-h recalls. The recalls were conducted approximately 4 weeks apart. In total, 2,277 dinners from 1,517 participants aged 18-70 were included in the analyses. RESULTS Fish dinners were more likely to include potatoes and carrots than red meat dinners, whereas red meat dinners more often contained bread, tomato sauce, and cheese. Red meat dinners contained more energy and iron; had higher percentages of energy (E%) from fat, saturated fat, and monounsaturated fat; and a lower E% from protein and polyunsaturated fat than fish dinners. Fish dinners contained more vitamin D, β-carotene, and folate than red meat dinners. Similar differences were found when comparing whole-day intakes of the same nutrients on days with red meat versus fish dinners. CONCLUSION Fish dinners were accompanied by different side dishes than red meat dinners. With regard to nutrient content, fish dinners generally had a healthier profile than red meat dinners. However, iron intake was higher for red meat dinners. Information about associated foods will be useful both for developing public health guidelines and when studying associations between dietary factors and health outcomes.
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25
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Groff Stephens S, Wilke DJ. Sexual violence, weight perception, and eating disorder indicators in college females. JOURNAL OF AMERICAN COLLEGE HEALTH : J OF ACH 2016; 64:38-47. [PMID: 26502797 DOI: 10.1080/07448481.2015.1074237] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/05/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE To examine the relationships between sexual violence experiences, inaccurate body weight perceptions, and the presence of eating disorder (ED) indicators in a sample of female US college students. PARTICIPANTS Participants were 6,090 college females 25 years of age and younger. METHODS A secondary analysis of National College Health Assessment data gathered annually at one institution from 2004 to 2013 was utilized. A model predicting ED indicators was tested using logistic regression analyses with multiple categorical variables representing severity of sexual violence, accuracy of body weight perception, and an interaction between the two. RESULTS Sexual violence and inaccurate body weight perception significantly predicted ED indicators; sexual violence was the strongest predictor of purging behavior, whereas inaccurate body weight perception was best predicted by underweight status. CONCLUSIONS Findings provide support to the relationship between purging behavior and severity of sexual violence and also to the link between inaccurate body weight perception and being underweight.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sara Groff Stephens
- a College of Social Work, Florida State University , Tallahassee , Florida , USA
| | - Dina J Wilke
- a College of Social Work, Florida State University , Tallahassee , Florida , USA
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26
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Lindvall K, Jenkins P, Scribani M, Emmelin M, Larsson C, Norberg M, Weinehall L. Comparisons of weight change, eating habits and physical activity between women in Northern Sweden and Rural New York State- results from a longitudinal study. Nutr J 2015; 14:88. [PMID: 26319494 PMCID: PMC4553014 DOI: 10.1186/s12937-015-0078-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/04/2014] [Accepted: 08/21/2015] [Indexed: 11/11/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Previous research has focused exclusively on weight loss or weight maintenance following weight loss, i.e. secondary weight maintenance (SWM). The long-term results of SWM have been modest, suggesting that preventing initial weight gain among normal weight or overweight individuals, i.e. primary weight maintenance (PWM), may be more successful. The aim of this study was to compare the pattern of weight change between Swedish and US women and to contrast eating and physical activity between the two countries. Methods A questionnaire of attitudes, strategies and behaviours regarding physical activity, food habits, body image and demands to maintain weight was mailed to 4021 Swedish and 3199 US individuals. Subjects had weight measurements taken 10 years apart in the Västerbotten Intervention Programme in northern Sweden, and self-reported weight as part of the Upstate Health and Wellness Study in Upstate New York. The mean 10-year percent weight change, and weight change in kilograms, were calculated between the two countries for nine female age (30, 40, 50 years at baseline) by BMI (20–25, 25–30, 30–35) groups. For the Swedish/US pair showing the largest differences in these two endpoints, analysis of variance, correlations and chi-square tests identified likely contributors to the observed differences in weight change. Results For all subgroups combined, the mean percent weight changes for Swedish women and US women were 4.9 % (SD = 5.8) and 9.1 % (SD = 13.7) respectively (p<0.001). Differences in 10 year weight change between the two countries were largest among normal weight 30 year olds. Eight variables were identified as likely contributors to this difference. A significantly higher proportion of Swedish women selected the healthy alternatives for these eight variables. Percent weight change varied considerably over healthy versus unhealthy response levels in the US, but not in Sweden. Conclusions The prevalence of obesity among the Swedish women did not progress as rapidly as among the US. The greatest weight gain occurred predominantly among the 30 year old groups. The Swedish women tended to select healthier alternatives than their US counterparts, and women in the US appeared to be more vulnerable to the effects of unhealthy habits than women in Sweden.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kristina Lindvall
- Department of Public Health and Clinical Medicine, Epidemiology and Global Health Unit, Umeå University, S-901 87, Umeå, Sweden. .,Umeå Centre for Global Health Research, Department of Public Health and Clinical Medicine, Umeå University, S-901 87, Umeå, Sweden.
| | - Paul Jenkins
- Bassett Healthcare Network Research Institute, One Atwell Road, Cooperstown, NY, 13326, USA
| | - Melissa Scribani
- Bassett Healthcare Network Research Institute, One Atwell Road, Cooperstown, NY, 13326, USA
| | - Maria Emmelin
- Department of Clinical Sciences, Social Medicine and Global Health, Lund University, Jan Waldenströmsgatan 35, S- 205 02, Malmö, Sweden
| | - Christel Larsson
- Department of Food and Nutrition and Sport Science, University of Gothenburg, Box 300, S-405 30, Gothenburg, Sweden
| | - Margareta Norberg
- Department of Public Health and Clinical Medicine, Epidemiology and Global Health Unit, Umeå University, S-901 87, Umeå, Sweden.,Umeå Centre for Global Health Research, Department of Public Health and Clinical Medicine, Umeå University, S-901 87, Umeå, Sweden
| | - Lars Weinehall
- Department of Public Health and Clinical Medicine, Epidemiology and Global Health Unit, Umeå University, S-901 87, Umeå, Sweden.,Umeå Centre for Global Health Research, Department of Public Health and Clinical Medicine, Umeå University, S-901 87, Umeå, Sweden
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Doggett N, Dogra S. Physical inactivity and television-viewing time among Aboriginal adults with asthma: a cross-sectional analysis of the Aboriginal Peoples Survey. Health Promot Chronic Dis Prev Can 2015; 35:54-61. [PMID: 25970805 PMCID: PMC4910434 DOI: 10.24095/hpcdp.35.3.02] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/20/2022]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION The purpose of this analysis was to (1) determine the association between asthma and physical activity levels or sedentary time among Aboriginal adults, and (2) understand the influence of physical inactivity and sedentary time on health care use among Aboriginal adults with asthma. METHODS We analyzed 20 953 adults from the 2006 Aboriginal Peoples Survey. Those with self-reported physician-diagnosed asthma and a current prescription for asthma medication were considered to have current asthma. Insufficient physical activity was defined as < 3 hours/week of moderate to vigorous physical activity; high television screen time was defined as > 10 hours/week. Health care use was assessed using the number of health professional visits and overnight hospital stays. RESULTS Aboriginal adults with asthma were more likely to report high television-viewing time (OR = 1.16; CI: 1.11-1.22) and insufficient physical activity (OR = 1.15; CI: 1.10-1.20) than those without asthma. Those with asthma who reported high television-viewing time reported more health professional consults in the past 12 months (OR = 2.59; CI: 2.34-2.87), more overnight stays in hospital in the past year (OR = 1.95; CI: 1.82-2.08) and more overnight stays in the hospital in the past 5 years (OR = 1.13; CI: 1.07-1.18); results were less consistent for physical activity and health care use. CONCLUSION These findings suggest that Aboriginal adults with asthma are less active than their peers without asthma and that such a lifestyle may be associated with higher health care use. These findings have implications for physical activity promotion and sedentary behaviour strategies targeting Aboriginal adults with asthma.
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Affiliation(s)
- N Doggett
- School of Recreational Management and Kinesiology, Acadia University, Wolfville, Nova Scotia, Canada
| | - S Dogra
- Faculty of Health Sciences, Kinesiology, University of Ontario Institute of Technology, Oshawa, Ontario, Canada
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Myhre JB, Løken EB, Wandel M, Andersen LF. The contribution of snacks to dietary intake and their association with eating location among Norwegian adults - results from a cross-sectional dietary survey. BMC Public Health 2015; 15:369. [PMID: 25888253 PMCID: PMC4409996 DOI: 10.1186/s12889-015-1712-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 35] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/30/2014] [Accepted: 03/30/2015] [Indexed: 11/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Snack consumption has been reported to increase over recent decades. Little is known about possible associations between snack composition and snack eating location. In the present study, we aimed to describe the contribution of snacks to dietary intake in Norwegian adults and to investigate whether the composition of snacks differed according to where they were eaten. Methods Dietary data were collected in 2010 and 2011 using two telephone administered 24 h recalls about four weeks apart. In total, 1787 participants aged 18-70 years completed two recalls. The recorded eating locations were at home, other private household, work/school, restaurant/cafe/fast-food outlet and travel/meeting. Results Snacks contributed to 17% and 21% of the energy intake in men and women, respectively. Compared with main meals, snacks had a higher fiber density (g/MJ) and contained a higher percentage of energy from carbohydrates, added sugars and alcohol, while the percentages of energy from fat and protein were lower. The top five energy-contributing food groups from snacks were cakes, fruits, sugar/sweets, bread and alcoholic beverages. Snacks were mostly eaten at home (58% of all snacks) or at work/school (23% of all snacks). Snacks consumed at work/school contained less energy, had a higher percentage of energy from carbohydrates and had lower percentages of energy from added sugars, alcohol and fat than snacks consumed at home. Snacks consumed during visits to private households and at restaurants/cafe/fast-food outlets contained more energy, had a higher percentage of energy from fat and had a lower fiber density than snacks consumed at home. Conclusions We conclude that snacks are an important part of the diet and involve the consumption of both favorable and less favorable foods. Snacks eaten at home or at work/school were generally healthier than snacks consumed during visits to other private households or at restaurants/cafe/fast-food outlets. Nutritional educators should recommend healthy snack options and raise awareness of the association between eating location and snack composition.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jannicke B Myhre
- Department of Nutrition, University of Oslo, P.O.Box 1046 Blindern, 0317, Oslo, Norway.
| | - Elin B Løken
- Department of Nutrition, University of Oslo, P.O.Box 1046 Blindern, 0317, Oslo, Norway.
| | - Margareta Wandel
- Department of Nutrition, University of Oslo, P.O.Box 1046 Blindern, 0317, Oslo, Norway.
| | - Lene F Andersen
- Department of Nutrition, University of Oslo, P.O.Box 1046 Blindern, 0317, Oslo, Norway.
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Meal types as sources for intakes of fruits, vegetables, fish and whole grains among Norwegian adults. Public Health Nutr 2014; 18:2011-21. [PMID: 25384694 DOI: 10.1017/s1368980014002481] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/07/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE To study how different meals contribute to intakes of fruits, vegetables, fish and whole grains in a group of Norwegian adults and in subgroups of this population. Moreover, to investigate the consequences of skipping the meal contributing most to the intake of each food group (main contributing meal). DESIGN Cross-sectional dietary survey in Norwegian adults. Dietary data were collected using two non-consecutive telephone-administered 24 h recalls. The recorded meal types were breakfast, lunch, dinner, supper/evening meal and snacks. SETTING Nationwide, Norway (2010-2011). SUBJECTS Adults aged 18-70 years (n 1787). RESULTS Dinner was the main contributing meal for fish and vegetables, while snacks were the main contributing meal for fruit intake. For whole grains, breakfast was the main contributing meal. The main contributing meal did not change for any of the food groups when studying subgroups of the participants according to intake of each food group, educational level or age. A substantially lower intake of the food groups in question was found on days when the main contributing meal was skipped. CONCLUSIONS Intakes of fruits, vegetables, fish and whole grains largely depend on one meal type. Inclusion of these foods in other meals in addition to the main contributing meal, preferably replacing energy-dense nutrient-poor foods, should be promoted.
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Niedźwiedzka E, Długosz A, Wądołowska L. Validity of self-reported height and weight in elderly Poles. Nutr Res Pract 2014; 9:319-27. [PMID: 26060545 PMCID: PMC4460065 DOI: 10.4162/nrp.2015.9.3.319] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/22/2014] [Revised: 09/12/2014] [Accepted: 09/15/2014] [Indexed: 12/30/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND/OBJECTIVES In nutritional epidemiology, collecting self-reported respondent height and weight is a simpler procedure of data collection than taking measurements. The aim of this study was to compare self-reported and measured height and weight and to evaluate the possibility of using self-reported estimates in the assessment of nutritional status of elderly Poles aged 65 + years. SUBJECTS/METHODS The research was carried out in elderly Poles aged 65 + years. Respondents were chosen using a quota sampling. The total sample numbered 394 participants and the sub-sample involved 102 participants. Self-reported weight (non-corrected self-reported weight; non-cSrW) and height estimates (non-corrected self-reported height; non-cSrH) were collected. The measurements of weight (measured weight; mW) and height (measured height; mH) were taken. Using multiple regression equations, the corrected self-reported weight (cSrW) and height (cSrH) estimates were calculated. RESULTS Non-cSrH was higher than mH in men on average by 2.4 cm and in women on average by 2.3 cm. In comparison to mW, non-cSrW was higher in men on average by 0.7 kg, while in women no significant difference was found (mean difference of 0.4 kg). In comparison to mBMI, non-cSrBMI was lower on average by 0.6 kg/m2 in men and 0.7 kg/m2 in women. No differences were observed in overweight and obesity incidence when determined by mBMI (68% and 19%, respectively), non-cSrBMI (62% and 14%, respectively), cSrBMI (70% and 22%, respectively) and pcSrBMI (67% and 18%, respectively). CONCLUSIONS Since the results showed that the estimated self-reported heights, weights and BMI were accurate, the assessment of overweight and obesity incidence was accurate as well. The use of self-reported height and weight in the nutritional status assessment of elderly Poles on a population level is therefore recommended. On an individual level, the use of regression equations is recommended to correct self-reported height, particularly in women.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ewa Niedźwiedzka
- Department of Human Nutrition, University of Warmia and Mazuryul, Słoneczna 44a 10-718 Olsztyn, Poland
| | - Anna Długosz
- Department of Human Nutrition, University of Warmia and Mazuryul, Słoneczna 44a 10-718 Olsztyn, Poland
| | - Lidia Wądołowska
- Department of Human Nutrition, University of Warmia and Mazuryul, Słoneczna 44a 10-718 Olsztyn, Poland
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Salameh P, Jomaa L, Issa C, Farhat G, Salamé J, Zeidan N, Baldi I. Assessment of Dietary Intake Patterns and Their Correlates among University Students in Lebanon. Front Public Health 2014; 2:185. [PMID: 25374885 PMCID: PMC4204443 DOI: 10.3389/fpubh.2014.00185] [Citation(s) in RCA: 40] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/15/2014] [Accepted: 09/25/2014] [Indexed: 01/19/2023] Open
Abstract
Introduction: Unhealthy dietary habits are major risk factors for chronic diseases, particularly if adopted during early years of adulthood. Limited studies have explored the food consumption patterns among young adults in Lebanon. Our study aimed to examine common dietary patterns and their correlates among a large sample of university student population in Lebanon, focusing on correlation with gender and body mass index (BMI). Methods: A cross-sectional study was carried out on 3384 students, using a proportionate cluster sample of Lebanese students from both public and private universities. A self-administered food frequency questionnaire was used to assess dietary intake of university students. Factor analysis of food items and groups, cluster analysis of dietary patterns, and multivariate regressions were carried out. Results: Three dietary patterns were identified among university youth namely a vegetarian/low calorie dietary pattern (characterized mainly by consumption of plant-based food while avoiding “western” food, composite dishes, and bread); a mixed dietary pattern (characterized by high consumption of plant-based food, followed by composite dishes, bread, and a low consumption of western type food); and finally, a westernized dietary pattern (characterized by high consumption of white bread and western food, and a strong avoidance of plant food and composite dishes). We observed significant differences between males and females in terms of their reported food intake and dietary patterns. Females were particularly more prone to adopt the vegetarian/low calorie diet than males (ORa = 1.69; p < 0.001), while males were more likely to adopt a westernized diet (ORa = 1.51; p < 0.001), seemingly in private universities (p = 0.053). Students with high income and obese students (BMI ≥ 30 kg/m2) were more likely to consume vegetarian/low calorie diets (p < 0.05). Conclusion: Male university students reported a higher consumption of the westernized dietary pattern as compared to female university students in Lebanon, while the latter reported a higher adoption of a vegetarian diet. Health promotion programs are needed to address the dietary intakes and lifestyle behaviors of young adults in Lebanon to help prevent obesity and other associated comorbidities.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pascale Salameh
- Clinical and Epidemiological Research Laboratory, Faculty of Pharmacy, Lebanese University , Hadath , Lebanon
| | - Lamis Jomaa
- Department of Nutrition and Food Sciences, Faculty of Agricultural and Food Sciences, American University of Beirut , Beirut , Lebanon
| | - Carine Issa
- Faculty of Public Health, Lebanese University , Fanar , Lebanon
| | - Ghada Farhat
- Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Balamand , Beirut , Lebanon
| | - Joseph Salamé
- Charité - Universitätsmedizin University Hospital , Berlin , Germany
| | - Nina Zeidan
- Faculty of Public Health, Lebanese University , Fanar , Lebanon
| | - Isabelle Baldi
- Laboratoire Santé Travail Environnement, Université Bordeaux Segalen , Bordeaux , France
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