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Uusitalo A, Tikkakoski A, Lehtinen P, Ylänen K, Poutanen T, Korhonen PH. Heart rate in newborns is associated with age, sex and maternal levothyroxine therapy. Acta Paediatr 2024; 113:973-979. [PMID: 38305638 DOI: 10.1111/apa.17140] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/04/2024] [Accepted: 01/24/2024] [Indexed: 02/03/2024]
Abstract
AIM To evaluate the definition and causes of neonatal bradycardias. METHODS This retrospective study included 135 term-born newborns referred for 24-hour Holter monitoring due to bradycardia. Bradycardia was defined as either a heart rate below 80 beats per minute (standard definition) or a heart rate below our recently published age-specific reference values for neonatal heart rate. RESULTS The mean (SD) age was 6.1 (1.3) days. With standard definition, 107 newborns (79%) had bradycardia, whereas only 20 (15%) had a minimum heart rate lower than the age-specific reference. Younger newborns had lower heart rates. Each day increased the minimum, mean and maximum heart rate by 1.8 (95% CI: 1.0, 2.6), 4.2 (95% CI: 3.0, 5.3) and 2.1 beats per minute (95% CI: 0.3, 3.8), respectively. Male sex and maternal levothyroxine medication were negatively associated with the mean and maximum heart rate. None of the newborns had a cardiac cause for low heart rate. CONCLUSION Among term newborns with bradycardias, younger age, male sex and maternal levothyroxine medication were associated with a lower heart rate on Holter monitoring. Given the age-related increase in heart rate, the 80 beats per minute limit as a universal threshold for abnormal heart rate in newborns appears inappropriate.
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Affiliation(s)
- Asta Uusitalo
- Department of Pediatrics, Tampere University Hospital, Tampere, Finland
- Tampere Center for Child, Adolescent and Maternal Health Research, Faculty of Medicine and Health Technology, Tampere University, Tampere, Finland
| | - Antti Tikkakoski
- Department of Clinical Physiology and Nuclear Medicine, Tampere University Hospital, Tampere, Finland
| | - Pieta Lehtinen
- Department of Clinical Physiology and Nuclear Medicine, Tampere University Hospital, Tampere, Finland
| | - Kaisa Ylänen
- Department of Pediatrics, Tampere University Hospital, Tampere, Finland
- Tampere Center for Child, Adolescent and Maternal Health Research, Faculty of Medicine and Health Technology, Tampere University, Tampere, Finland
| | - Tuija Poutanen
- Department of Pediatrics, Tampere University Hospital, Tampere, Finland
- Tampere Center for Child, Adolescent and Maternal Health Research, Faculty of Medicine and Health Technology, Tampere University, Tampere, Finland
| | - Päivi H Korhonen
- Department of Pediatrics, Tampere University Hospital, Tampere, Finland
- Tampere Center for Child, Adolescent and Maternal Health Research, Faculty of Medicine and Health Technology, Tampere University, Tampere, Finland
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Olshansky B, Ricci F, Fedorowski A. Importance of resting heart rate. Trends Cardiovasc Med 2023; 33:502-515. [PMID: 35623552 DOI: 10.1016/j.tcm.2022.05.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/11/2022] [Revised: 05/20/2022] [Accepted: 05/20/2022] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
Resting heart rate is a determinant of cardiac output and physiological homeostasis. Although a simple, but critical, parameter, this vital sign predicts adverse outcomes, including mortality, and development of diseases in otherwise normal and healthy individuals. Temporal changes in heart rate can have valuable predictive capabilities. Heart rate can reflect disease severity in patients with various medical conditions. While heart rate represents a compilation of physiological inputs, including sympathetic and parasympathetic tone, aside from the underlying intrinsic sinus rate, how resting heart rate affects outcomes is uncertain. Mechanisms relating resting heart rate to outcomes may be disease-dependent but why resting heart rate in otherwise healthy, normal individuals affects outcomes remains obscure. For specific conditions, physiologically appropriate heart rate reductions may improve outcomes. However, to date, in the normal population, evidence that interventions aimed at reducing heart rate improves outcomes remains undefined. Emerging data suggest that reduction in heart rate via vagal activation and/or sympathetic inhibition is propitious.
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Affiliation(s)
- Brian Olshansky
- Division of Cardiology, Department of Internal Medicine, University of Iowa, Iowa City, IA 52242, USA.
| | - Fabrizio Ricci
- Department of Neuroscience, Imaging and Clinical Sciences, "G.d'Annunzio" University of Chieti-Pescara, Via dei Vestini, 33, Chieti 66100, Italy; Department of Clinical Sciences, Lund University, 214 28 Malmö, Sweden
| | - Artur Fedorowski
- Department of Clinical Sciences, Lund University, 214 28 Malmö, Sweden; Department of Cardiology, Karolinska University Hospital, and Department of Medicine, Karolinska Institute, 171 76 Stockholm, Sweden
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Memarian E, Kharraziha I, Hamrefors V, Platonov PG, Ekblom Ö, Gottsäter A, Engström G. Associations between physical activity and autonomic function during deep breathing test: the Swedish CArdioPulmonary bioImage Study (SCAPIS). Clin Auton Res 2023; 33:411-420. [PMID: 37344567 PMCID: PMC10439237 DOI: 10.1007/s10286-023-00960-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/31/2023] [Accepted: 05/27/2023] [Indexed: 06/23/2023]
Abstract
PURPOSE The deep breathing test (DBT) is a sensitive test of cardiovagal function. The aim of this study was to explore associations between physical activity and sedentary time, measured by accelerometer, and autonomic function, using DBT. METHODS In the Swedish Cardio-Pulmonary bioImage Study, men and women aged 50-64 were randomly invited from the general population. A total of 4325 subjects who underwent DBT and assessment of physical activity and sedentary time by accelerometery were included. ECG files from 1-min DBT were used to calculate measures of respiratory sinus arrhythmia [RSA; expiration-inspiration (E-I) difference and E/I ratio], heart rate variability [HRV; root mean square of successive differences (RMSSD), standard deviation of heart rates and mean circular resultant]. Low RSA and HRV was defined as the lowest 10% in the population. RESULTS For accelerometer-assessed physical activity, there were significant associations between high percentage of sedentary time and low E/I (p < 0.01), and low RMSSD (p < 0.01) in an age- and sex-adjusted model, and between percentage of sedentary time and low RMSSD (p = 0.04) in a risk factor-adjusted model. Low RMSSD was less common in those with a high percentage of moderate to vigorous physical activity (p = 0.04, after risk-factor adjustment). These associations became non-significant when further adjusting for heart rate. CONCLUSION We report associations between degree of physical activity and indices of autonomic dysfunction in a large population. The relationships were no longer significant after adjustments for heart rate, indicating that the relationship between physical activity and cardiovagal function partly is accounted for by reduced heart rate.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ensieh Memarian
- Department of Clinical Sciences, Malmö, Internal Medicine Research Group, Skåne University Hospital, Lund University, Jan Waldenströms gata 15, 5th Floor, S-20502, Malmo, Sweden.
| | - Isabella Kharraziha
- Department of Clinical Sciences, Malmö, Internal Medicine Research Group, Skåne University Hospital, Lund University, Jan Waldenströms gata 15, 5th Floor, S-20502, Malmo, Sweden
- Department of Cardiology, Skåne University Hospital, Malmö, Sweden
| | - Viktor Hamrefors
- Department of Clinical Sciences, Malmö, Internal Medicine Research Group, Skåne University Hospital, Lund University, Jan Waldenströms gata 15, 5th Floor, S-20502, Malmo, Sweden
- Department of Cardiology, Skåne University Hospital, Malmö, Sweden
| | - Pyotr G Platonov
- Department of Cardiology, Clinical Sciences Lund, Lund University, Lund, Sweden
| | - Örjan Ekblom
- Department of Physical Activity and Health, The Swedish School of Sport and Health Sciences, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Anders Gottsäter
- Department of Clinical Sciences, Malmö, Internal Medicine Research Group, Skåne University Hospital, Lund University, Jan Waldenströms gata 15, 5th Floor, S-20502, Malmo, Sweden
| | - Gunnar Engström
- Department of Clinical Sciences, Malmö, Internal Medicine Research Group, Skåne University Hospital, Lund University, Jan Waldenströms gata 15, 5th Floor, S-20502, Malmo, Sweden
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4
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Lopez-Sublet M, Merkling T, Girerd N, Xhaard C, Flahault A, Bozec E, Leroy C, Fujikawa T, Vaag AA, Mebazaa A, Kistorp CM, Heude B, Boivin JM, Zannad F, Wagner S, Rossignol P. Birth weight and subclinical cardiovascular and renal damage in a population-based study (the STANISLAS cohort study). J Hypertens 2023; 41:1040-1050. [PMID: 37071444 DOI: 10.1097/hjh.0000000000003438] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 04/19/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE Although preterm-born and low-birth-weight individuals have an increased risk of cardiovascular diseases in adulthood, little is known regarding early cardiovascular and renal damage (CVRD) or hypertension in adulthood. Our study investigated the association of birth weight with early CVRD markers as well as the heritability of birth weight in an initially healthy family-based cohort. METHODS This study was based on 1028 individuals from the familial longitudinal STANISLAS cohort (399 parents/629 children) initiated in 1993-1995, with a fourth examination conducted in 2011-2016. Analyses performed at the fourth visit included pulse-wave velocity, central pressure, ambulatory blood pressure, hypertension status, diastolic dysfunction/distensibility, left ventricular mass indexed (LVMI), carotid intima-media thickness and kidney damage. The family structure of the cohort allowed birth weight heritability estimation. RESULTS Mean (±SD) birth weight was 3.3 ± 0.6 kg. Heritability was moderate (42-44%). At the fourth visit, individuals were 37 years old (32.0-57.0), 56% were women and 13% had antihypertensive treatment. Birth weight was strongly and negatively associated with hypertension [odds ratio (OR) 95% confidence interval (CI) 0.61 (0.45-0.84)]. A nonlinear association was found with LVMI, participants with a birth weight greater than 3 kg having a higher LVMI. A positive association ( β 95% CI 5.09 (1.8-8.38)] was also observed between birth weight and distensibility for adults with normal BMI. No associations were found with other CVRD. CONCLUSION In this middle-aged population, birth weight was strongly and negatively associated with hypertension, and positively associated with distensibility in adults with normal BMI and with LVMI for higher birth weights. No associations were found with other CVRD markers.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marilucy Lopez-Sublet
- AP-HP, Hôpital Avicenne, Centre d'Excellence Européen en Hypertension Artérielle, Service de Médecine Interne
- INSERM UMR 942 MASCOT, Paris 13-Université Paris Nord, Bobigny
- FCRIN INI-CRCT (Cardiovascular and Renal Clinical Trialists)
| | - Thomas Merkling
- FCRIN INI-CRCT (Cardiovascular and Renal Clinical Trialists)
- Université de Lorraine, INSERM CIC-P 1433, CHRU de Nancy, INSERM U1116, Nancy
| | - Nicolas Girerd
- FCRIN INI-CRCT (Cardiovascular and Renal Clinical Trialists)
- Université de Lorraine, INSERM CIC-P 1433, CHRU de Nancy, INSERM U1116, Nancy
| | - Constance Xhaard
- FCRIN INI-CRCT (Cardiovascular and Renal Clinical Trialists)
- Université de Lorraine, INSERM CIC-P 1433, CHRU de Nancy, INSERM U1116, Nancy
| | - Adrien Flahault
- FCRIN INI-CRCT (Cardiovascular and Renal Clinical Trialists)
- Service de Néphrologie, Hôpital Européen Georges Pompidou, Paris, France
| | - Erwan Bozec
- FCRIN INI-CRCT (Cardiovascular and Renal Clinical Trialists)
- Université de Lorraine, INSERM CIC-P 1433, CHRU de Nancy, INSERM U1116, Nancy
| | - Celine Leroy
- FCRIN INI-CRCT (Cardiovascular and Renal Clinical Trialists)
- Université de Lorraine, INSERM CIC-P 1433, CHRU de Nancy, INSERM U1116, Nancy
| | - Tomona Fujikawa
- FCRIN INI-CRCT (Cardiovascular and Renal Clinical Trialists)
- Université de Lorraine, INSERM CIC-P 1433, CHRU de Nancy, INSERM U1116, Nancy
| | - Allan Arthur Vaag
- Steno Diabetes Center Copenhagen, Borgmester Ib Juuls Vej 83, 2730 Herlev, Denmark
| | - Alexandre Mebazaa
- FCRIN INI-CRCT (Cardiovascular and Renal Clinical Trialists)
- UMR-S 942 INSERM, Lariboisière Hospital, Paris
- Paris Diderot University, Sorbonne Paris Cité
- Department of Anaesthesiology and Critical Care, Laribosière Hospital, AP-HP, Paris
| | - Caroline Michaela Kistorp
- Department of Endocrinology, Copenhagen University Hospital, Rigshospitalet; Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, University of Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Barbara Heude
- Université de Paris, Research Center in Epidemiology and Biostatistics (CRESS), INSERM, INRAE, Paris, France
| | - Jean Marc Boivin
- FCRIN INI-CRCT (Cardiovascular and Renal Clinical Trialists)
- Université de Lorraine, INSERM CIC-P 1433, CHRU de Nancy, INSERM U1116, Nancy
| | - Faiez Zannad
- FCRIN INI-CRCT (Cardiovascular and Renal Clinical Trialists)
- Université de Lorraine, INSERM CIC-P 1433, CHRU de Nancy, INSERM U1116, Nancy
| | - Sandra Wagner
- FCRIN INI-CRCT (Cardiovascular and Renal Clinical Trialists)
- Université de Lorraine, INSERM CIC-P 1433, CHRU de Nancy, INSERM U1116, Nancy
| | - Patrick Rossignol
- FCRIN INI-CRCT (Cardiovascular and Renal Clinical Trialists)
- Université de Lorraine, INSERM CIC-P 1433, CHRU de Nancy, INSERM U1116, Nancy
- Medicine and Nephrology-Hemodialysis departments, Princess Grace Hospital, and Monaco Private Hemodialysis Centre, Monaco, Monaco
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Bäck M, Xhaard C, Rouget R, Thuillier Q, Plunde O, Larsson SC, Girerd N, Ferreira JP, Boivin JM, Bozec E, Mercklé L, Zannad F, Hoge A, Guillaume M, Dandine-Roulland C, Floch EL, Bacq-Daian D, Deleuze JF, Van den Berghe L, Nazare JA, Laville M, Branlant C, Behm-Ansmant I, Wagner S, Rossignol P. Fatty acid desaturase genetic variations and dietary omega-3 fatty acid intake associate with arterial stiffness. EUROPEAN HEART JOURNAL OPEN 2022; 2:oeac016. [PMID: 35919123 PMCID: PMC9242081 DOI: 10.1093/ehjopen/oeac016] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/07/2021] [Revised: 02/11/2022] [Indexed: 11/13/2022]
Abstract
Abstract
Aims
Long-chain polyunsaturated fatty acids (PUFAs) generate diverse bioactive lipid mediators, which tightly regulate vascular inflammation. The effects of omega-3 PUFA supplementation in cardiovascular prevention however remain controversial. In addition to direct dietary intake, fatty acid desaturases (FADS) determine PUFA levels. Increased arterial stiffness represents an independent predictor of mortality and cardiovascular events. The aim of the present study was to determine the association of PUFA intake, FADS1 genotype, and FADS expression with arterial stiffness.
Methods and results
A cross-sectional population-based cohort study of 1464 participants without overt cardiovascular disease was conducted. Dietary intake was assessed using a food frequency questionnaire. Arterial stiffness was assessed by carotid–femoral pulse wave velocity (cfPWV), and the FADS1 locus variant was determined. Blood cell transcriptomics was performed in a subset of 410 individuals. Pulse wave velocity was significantly associated with the FADS1 locus variant. Differential associations between PWV and omega-3 PUFA intake were observed depending on the FADS1 genotype. High omega-3 PUFA intake attenuated the FADS1 genotype-dependent associations. Carriers of the minor FADS1 locus variant exhibited increased expression of FADS2, which is associated with PWV.
Conclusion
Taken together, these findings point to FADS1 genotype-dependent associations of omega-3 PUFA intake on subclinical cardiovascular disease. These findings may have implications for identifying responders and non-responders to omega-3 PUFA supplementation and open up for personalized dietary counselling in cardiovascular prevention.
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Affiliation(s)
- Magnus Bäck
- University of Lorraine , INSERM U1116, CIC 1433, FCRIN INI-CRCT, Nancy University Hospital, Nancy, France
- Karolinska Institutet Department of Medicine Solna, , 17176 Stockholm, Sweden
- Karolinska University Hospital Huddinge Department of Cardiology, , 14186 Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Constance Xhaard
- University of Lorraine , INSERM U1116, CIC 1433, FCRIN INI-CRCT, Nancy University Hospital, Nancy, France
| | - Raphael Rouget
- Université de Lorraine , CNRS, UMR 7365, IMoPA, F54000 Nancy, France
| | - Quentin Thuillier
- Université de Lorraine , CNRS, UMR 7365, IMoPA, F54000 Nancy, France
| | - Oscar Plunde
- Karolinska Institutet Department of Medicine Solna, , 17176 Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Susanna C. Larsson
- Institute of Environmental Medicine, Karolinska Institutet Unit of Cardiovascular and Nutritional Epidemiology, , 17177 Stockholm, Sweden
- Uppsala University Department of Surgical Sciences, , Uppsala, Sweden
| | - Nicolas Girerd
- University of Lorraine , INSERM U1116, CIC 1433, FCRIN INI-CRCT, Nancy University Hospital, Nancy, France
| | - João Pedro Ferreira
- University of Lorraine , INSERM U1116, CIC 1433, FCRIN INI-CRCT, Nancy University Hospital, Nancy, France
| | - Jean-Marc Boivin
- University of Lorraine , INSERM U1116, CIC 1433, FCRIN INI-CRCT, Nancy University Hospital, Nancy, France
| | - Erwan Bozec
- University of Lorraine , INSERM U1116, CIC 1433, FCRIN INI-CRCT, Nancy University Hospital, Nancy, France
| | - Ludovic Mercklé
- University of Lorraine , INSERM U1116, CIC 1433, FCRIN INI-CRCT, Nancy University Hospital, Nancy, France
| | - Faiez Zannad
- University of Lorraine , INSERM U1116, CIC 1433, FCRIN INI-CRCT, Nancy University Hospital, Nancy, France
| | - Axelle Hoge
- Université de Liège Département des Sciences de la Santé publique, , Liège, Belgium
| | - Michèle Guillaume
- Université de Liège Département des Sciences de la Santé publique, , Liège, Belgium
| | | | - Edith Le Floch
- Centre National de Recherche en Génomique Humaine (CNRGH), Institut de Biologie François Jacob, CEA, Université Paris-Saclay , Evry, France
| | - Delphine Bacq-Daian
- Centre National de Recherche en Génomique Humaine (CNRGH), Institut de Biologie François Jacob, CEA, Université Paris-Saclay , Evry, France
| | - Jean-François Deleuze
- Centre National de Recherche en Génomique Humaine (CNRGH), Institut de Biologie François Jacob, CEA, Université Paris-Saclay , Evry, France
| | - Laurie Van den Berghe
- Centre de Recherche en Nutrition Humaine Rhône-Alpes, Univ-Lyon, CarMeN Laboratory, Université Claude Bernard Lyon1, Hospices Civils de Lyon, F-CRIN/FORCE Network, Pierre Bénite , Lyon, France
| | - Julie-Anne Nazare
- Centre de Recherche en Nutrition Humaine Rhône-Alpes, Univ-Lyon, CarMeN Laboratory, Université Claude Bernard Lyon1, Hospices Civils de Lyon, F-CRIN/FORCE Network, Pierre Bénite , Lyon, France
| | - Martine Laville
- Centre de Recherche en Nutrition Humaine Rhône-Alpes, Univ-Lyon, CarMeN Laboratory, Université Claude Bernard Lyon1, Hospices Civils de Lyon, F-CRIN/FORCE Network, Pierre Bénite , Lyon, France
| | | | | | - Sandra Wagner
- University of Lorraine , INSERM U1116, CIC 1433, FCRIN INI-CRCT, Nancy University Hospital, Nancy, France
| | - Patrick Rossignol
- University of Lorraine , INSERM U1116, CIC 1433, FCRIN INI-CRCT, Nancy University Hospital, Nancy, France
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Sun N, Chen Y, Xi Y, Wang H, Wang L. Association Between Heart Rate and Major Adverse Cardiovascular Events Among 9,991 Hypertentive Patients: A Multicenter Retrospective Follow-Up Study. Front Cardiovasc Med 2021; 8:741784. [PMID: 34926603 PMCID: PMC8678089 DOI: 10.3389/fcvm.2021.741784] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/15/2021] [Accepted: 11/09/2021] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Objective: To assess the effect of heart rate at baseline on major adverse cardiovascular events (MACEs) among hypertensive patients in China. Methods: A multicenter retrospective study was conducted with a 24 month follow-up period. A total of 10,031 hypertensive patients treated with standard antihypertensive drugs were grouped according to their heart rate before treatment: <65 beats per min (bpm), 65-69 bpm, 70-74 bpm, 75-79 bpm, and ≥80 bpm. The occurrence of any of MACEs was as the endpoint event during the 24 month follow-up period. The effect of heart rate at baseline on MACEs was analyzed using univate and multivariable Cox proportional regression analyses, with hazard ratios (HRs) and 95% confidence intervals (CIs). The restricted cubic spline (RCS) model was used to fit the Cox proportional harzard model with 5 knots at the 5th, 25th, 50th, 75th, and 95th percentiles of heart rate. Results: Totally 9,991 patients were finally enrolled with the mean systolic pressure (SBP)/diastolic pressure (DBP) of 130.59 ± 7.13/77.66 ± 5.99 mmHg at 24 month follow-up. The incidence of MACEs was 4.80% (n = 480). After adjustment for age, gender, baseline blood pressure, alcohol drinking, smoking, hyperlipidemia, diabetes, coronary heart disease, cerebrovascular disease and antihypertensive drug use, patients with heart rate <65 bpm (HR = 1.450, 95% CI: 1.098-1.915) and ≥80 bpm (HR = 1.391, 95% CI: 1.056-11.832) showed 0.45 fold and 0.391 fold increases of MACE risks, compared with patients with heart rate of 70-74 bpm. Furthermore, MACE risks were increased by 86.0% and 65.4% in men, and 59.3% and 69.0% in elderly patients aged ≥65 years at heart rate <65 bpm or ≥80 bpm, respectively. We also found a non-liner U-shaped correlation between heart rate and the occurrence of MACEs. Conclusions: Heart rate might be an independent risk factor for MACEs in hypertensive patients. An appropriate range of heart rate control may offer guidance to hypertension treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ningling Sun
- Department of Hypertension, Heart Center, Peking University People's Hospital, Beijing, China
| | - Yuanyuan Chen
- Department of Hypertension, Heart Center, Peking University People's Hospital, Beijing, China
| | - Yang Xi
- Department of Hypertension, Heart Center, Peking University People's Hospital, Beijing, China
| | - Hongyi Wang
- Department of Hypertension, Heart Center, Peking University People's Hospital, Beijing, China
| | - Luyan Wang
- Department of Hypertension, Heart Center, Peking University People's Hospital, Beijing, China
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7
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Halasz G, Parati G, Piepoli MF. Editor comment: Antihypertensive drugs and cancer-more fakes than facts. Eur J Prev Cardiol 2021; 28:1291-1294. [PMID: 34448842 DOI: 10.1093/eurjpc/zwab145] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/12/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Geza Halasz
- Cardiac Unit, G. da Saliceto Hospital, AUSL Piacenza and University of Parma, Parma, Italy
| | - Gianfranco Parati
- Istituto Auxologico Italiano, University of Milano-Bicocca and IRCCS, Milan, Italy
| | - Massimo F Piepoli
- Institute of Life Sciences, Sant'Anna School of Advanced Studies, Pisa, Italy
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