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Kil HJ, Kim JH, Lee K, Kang TU, Yoo JH, Lee YH, Park JW. A self-powered and supercapacitive microneedle continuous glucose monitoring system with a wide range of glucose detection capabilities. Biosens Bioelectron 2024; 257:116297. [PMID: 38677020 DOI: 10.1016/j.bios.2024.116297] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/09/2024] [Revised: 03/30/2024] [Accepted: 04/11/2024] [Indexed: 04/29/2024]
Abstract
Continuous detection of sudden changes in blood glucose is essential for individuals with diabetes who have difficulty in maintaining optimal control of their blood glucose levels. Hypoglycemic shock or a hyperglycemic crisis are likely to occurs in patients with diabetes and poses a significant threat to their lives. Currently, commercial continuous glucose monitoring (CGM) has limits in the glucose concentration detection range, which is 40-500 mg/dL, making it difficult to prevent the risk of hyperglycemic shock. In addition, current CGMs are invasive, cause pain and irritation during usage, and expensive. In this research, we overcome these limitations by introducing a novel mechanism to detect glucose concentration using supercapacitors. The developed CGM, which is self-powered and minimally invasive due to the use of microneedles, can detect a wider range of glucose concentrations than commercial sensors. In addition, efficacy and stability were proven through in vitro and in vivo experiments. Thus, this self-powered, microneedle and supercapacitive-type CGM can potentially prevent both hypoglycemic and complications of hyperglycemia without pain and with less power consumption than current commercial sensors.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hye-Jun Kil
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, Yonsei University, 50 Yonsei-ro, Seodaemun-gu, Seoul, 03722, Republic of Korea
| | - Jang Hyeon Kim
- Department of Internal Medicine, Yonsei University College of Medicine, 50-1 Yonsei-ro, Seodaemun-gu, Seoul, 03722, Republic of Korea
| | - Kanghae Lee
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, Yonsei University, 50 Yonsei-ro, Seodaemun-gu, Seoul, 03722, Republic of Korea
| | - Tae-Uk Kang
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, Yonsei University, 50 Yonsei-ro, Seodaemun-gu, Seoul, 03722, Republic of Korea
| | - Ju-Hyun Yoo
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, Yonsei University, 50 Yonsei-ro, Seodaemun-gu, Seoul, 03722, Republic of Korea
| | - Yong-Ho Lee
- Department of Internal Medicine, Yonsei University College of Medicine, 50-1 Yonsei-ro, Seodaemun-gu, Seoul, 03722, Republic of Korea.
| | - Jin-Woo Park
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, Yonsei University, 50 Yonsei-ro, Seodaemun-gu, Seoul, 03722, Republic of Korea.
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Slebe R, Wenker E, Schoonmade LJ, Bouman EJ, Blondin DP, Campbell DJT, Carpentier AC, Hoeks J, Raina P, Schrauwen P, Serlie MJ, Stenvers DJ, de Mutsert R, Beulens JWJ, Rutters F. The effect of preprandial versus postprandial physical activity on glycaemia: Meta-analysis of human intervention studies. Diabetes Res Clin Pract 2024; 210:111638. [PMID: 38548105 DOI: 10.1016/j.diabres.2024.111638] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/22/2023] [Revised: 03/07/2024] [Accepted: 03/25/2024] [Indexed: 04/01/2024]
Abstract
This meta-analysis aims to investigate the effect of preprandial physical activity (PA) versus postprandial PA on glycaemia in human intervention studies. Medline and Embase.com were searched until February 2023 for intervention studies in adults, directly comparing preprandial PA versus postprandial PA on glycaemia. Studies were screened using ASReview (34,837) and full texts were read by two independent reviewers (42 full text, 28 included). Results were analysed using pooled mean differences in random-effects models. Studies were either acute response studies (n = 21) or Randomized Controlled Trials (RCTs) over multiple weeks (n = 7). In acute response studies, postprandial outcomes followed the expected physiological patterns, and outcomes measured over 24 h showed no significant differences. For the RCTs, glucose area under the curve during a glucose tolerance test was slightly, but not significantly lower in preprandial PA vs postprandial PA (-0.29 [95 %CI:-0.66, 0.08] mmol/L, I2 = 64.36 %). Subgroup analyses (quality, health status, etc.) did not significantly change the outcomes. In conclusion, we found no differences between preprandial PA versus postprandial PA on glycaemia both after one PA bout as well as after multiple weeks of PA. The studies were of low to moderate quality of evidence as assessed by GRADE, showed contradictive results, included no long-term studies and used various designs and populations. We therefore need better RCTs, with more similar designs, in larger populations and longer follow-up periods (≥12 weeks) to have a final answer on the questions eat first, then exercise, or the reverse?
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Affiliation(s)
- Romy Slebe
- Amsterdam UMC, Location Vrije Universiteit Amsterdam, Epidemiology and Data Science, De Boelelaan 1089a, Amsterdam, the Netherlands; Amsterdam Public Health, Health Behaviors & Chronic Diseases, Amsterdam, the Netherlands.
| | - Eva Wenker
- Amsterdam UMC, Location Vrije Universiteit Amsterdam, Epidemiology and Data Science, De Boelelaan 1089a, Amsterdam, the Netherlands
| | - Linda J Schoonmade
- University Library, Vrije Universiteit Amsterdam, Amsterdam, the Netherlands
| | - Emma J Bouman
- Amsterdam UMC, Location Vrije Universiteit Amsterdam, Epidemiology and Data Science, De Boelelaan 1089a, Amsterdam, the Netherlands; Amsterdam Public Health, Health Behaviors & Chronic Diseases, Amsterdam, the Netherlands
| | - Denis P Blondin
- Centre de Recherche du Centre Hospitalier Universitaire de Sherbrooke, Sherbrooke, QC J1H 5H3, Canada; Department of Medicine, Division of Neurology, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, Université de Sherbrooke, Sherbrooke, QC J1H 5H3, Canada
| | - David J T Campbell
- Department of Medicine, University of Calgary Cumming School of Medicine, Calgary, AB, Canada; Department of Community Health Sciences, University of Calgary Cumming School of Medicine, Calgary, AB, Canada; Department of Cardiac Sciences, University of Calgary Cumming School of Medicine, Calgary, AB, Canada
| | - André C Carpentier
- Centre de Recherche du Centre Hospitalier Universitaire de Sherbrooke, Sherbrooke, QC J1H 5H3, Canada; Department of Medicine, Division of Endocrinology, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, Université de Sherbrooke, Sherbrooke, QC J1H 5H3, Canada
| | - Joris Hoeks
- Department of Nutrition and Movement Sciences, NUTRIM School of Nutrition and Translational Research in Metabolism, Maastricht University, Maastricht, the Netherlands
| | - Parminder Raina
- Department of Health Research Methods, Evidence, and Impact, McMaster University, Hamilton, Ontario, Canada; McMaster Institute for Research on Aging, McMaster University, Hamilton, Ontario, Canada
| | - Patrick Schrauwen
- Department of Nutrition and Movement Sciences, NUTRIM School of Nutrition and Translational Research in Metabolism, Maastricht University, Maastricht, the Netherlands
| | - Mireille J Serlie
- Department of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Amsterdam UMC, University of Amsterdam, Amsterdam, the Netherlands; Amsterdam Gastroenterology Endocrinology Metabolism, Amsterdam, the Netherlands
| | - Dirk Jan Stenvers
- Department of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Amsterdam UMC, University of Amsterdam, Amsterdam, the Netherlands; Amsterdam Gastroenterology Endocrinology Metabolism, Amsterdam, the Netherlands
| | - Renée de Mutsert
- Department of Clinical Epidemiology, Leiden University Medical Center, Leiden, the Netherlands
| | - Joline W J Beulens
- Amsterdam UMC, Location Vrije Universiteit Amsterdam, Epidemiology and Data Science, De Boelelaan 1089a, Amsterdam, the Netherlands; Amsterdam Public Health, Health Behaviors & Chronic Diseases, Amsterdam, the Netherlands; Julius Centre for Health Sciences and Primary Care, University Medical Centre, Utrecht, the Netherlands
| | - Femke Rutters
- Amsterdam UMC, Location Vrije Universiteit Amsterdam, Epidemiology and Data Science, De Boelelaan 1089a, Amsterdam, the Netherlands; Amsterdam Public Health, Health Behaviors & Chronic Diseases, Amsterdam, the Netherlands
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Shah SA, Pham K, Hon V, Lim J, Kaul S. Differences in Glucose Levels Between Arms Using Continuous Glucose Monitors. J Diabetes Sci Technol 2022; 16:1584-1585. [PMID: 35915933 PMCID: PMC9631527 DOI: 10.1177/19322968221116390] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Sachin A. Shah
- Thomas J. Long School of Pharmacy, University
of the Pacific, Stockton, CA, USA
- Sachin A. Shah, PhD, FACC, FAHA, Thomas J. Long
School of Pharmacy, University of the Pacific, 3601 Pacific Avenue, Stockton, CA 95211,
USA.
| | - Kevin Pham
- Thomas J. Long School of Pharmacy, University
of the Pacific, Stockton, CA, USA
| | - Virginia Hon
- Thomas J. Long School of Pharmacy, University
of the Pacific, Stockton, CA, USA
| | | | - Sanjay Kaul
- Department of Cardiology, Cedars-Sinai
Medical Center, Los Angeles, CA, USA
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Kawakatsu S, Liu X, Tran B, Tran BP, Manzanero L, Shih E, Shek A, Lim JJ. Differences in Glucose Readings Between Right Arm and Left Arm Using a Continuous Glucose Monitor. J Diabetes Sci Technol 2022; 16:1183-1189. [PMID: 33955249 PMCID: PMC9445346 DOI: 10.1177/19322968211008838] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/08/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE Continuous glucose monitoring (CGM) devices are used for evaluating real-time glucose levels to optimize diabetes management. There is limited information, however, on whether readings differ when a device is placed on the right versus the left arm. This study evaluated the mean difference in glucose levels between the right and left arm and the effect of unilateral arm exercise on this difference. The effect of an intermittent fasting diet on body fat percentage was also evaluated. RESEARCH DESIGN AND METHODS In a prospective trial, 46 adult volunteers self-selected into the intermittent fasting (IF; N = 23) or free-living (FL; N = 23) diet group and were randomized into a unilateral arm exercise group. Volunteers had CGM sensors placed simultaneously on both arms for 12-14 days. RESULTS The mean glucose level in the right arm was significantly higher than the left arm by 3.7 mg/dL (P < .001), and this result was unaffected by diet or arm exercise. Glucose levels were in euglycemic range for 75.2% of the time in the right arm and 67.5% in the left arm (P < .001). The change from baseline in body fat percentage between the IF and FL diet groups was not significant. CONCLUSIONS Measured glucose level and time in euglycemic range differ per placement of the CGM device, and the implications of this difference should be considered in clinical practice and research.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sonoko Kawakatsu
- Thomas J. Long School of Pharmacy, University of the Pacific, Stockton, CA, USA
| | - Xiaohan Liu
- Thomas J. Long School of Pharmacy, University of the Pacific, Stockton, CA, USA
| | - Brandon Tran
- Thomas J. Long School of Pharmacy, University of the Pacific, Stockton, CA, USA
| | - Brittany P. Tran
- Thomas J. Long School of Pharmacy, University of the Pacific, Stockton, CA, USA
| | - Lucy Manzanero
- Thomas J. Long School of Pharmacy, University of the Pacific, Stockton, CA, USA
| | - Eric Shih
- Thomas J. Long School of Pharmacy, University of the Pacific, Stockton, CA, USA
| | - Allen Shek
- Thomas J. Long School of Pharmacy, University of the Pacific, Stockton, CA, USA
| | - Jeremy J. Lim
- Thomas J. Long School of Pharmacy, University of the Pacific, Stockton, CA, USA
- Genentech, Inc., South San Francisco, CA, USA
- Jeremy J. Lim, Pharm D, Genentech, Inc., 1 DNA Way, South San Francisco, CA 94080, USA.
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Zhou Y, Mai X, Deng H, Yang D, Zheng M, Huang B, Xu L, Weng J, Xu W, Yan J. Discrepancies in glycemic metrics derived from different continuous glucose monitoring systems in adult patients with type 1 diabetes mellitus. J Diabetes 2022; 14:476-484. [PMID: 35864804 PMCID: PMC9310046 DOI: 10.1111/1753-0407.13296] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/08/2021] [Revised: 06/02/2022] [Accepted: 06/26/2022] [Indexed: 12/03/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Continuous glucose monitoring systems have been widely used but discrepancies among various brands of devices are rarely discussed. This study aimed to explore differences in glycemic metrics between FreeStyle Libre (FSL) and iPro2 among adults with type 1 diabetes mellitus (T1DM). METHODS Participants with T1DM and glycosylated hemoglobin of 7%-10% were included and wore FSL and iPro2 for 2 weeks simultaneously. Datasets collected on the insertion and detachment day, and those with insufficient quantity (<90%) were excluded. Agreements of measurement accuracy and glycemic metrics were evaluated. RESULTS A total of 40 498 paired data were included. Compared with the values from FSL, significantly higher median value was observed in iPro2 (147.6 [106.2, 192.6] vs. 144.0 [100.8, 192.6] mg/dl, p < 0.001) and the largest discordance was observed in hypoglycemic range (median absolute relative difference with iPro2 as reference value: 25.8% [10.8%, 42.1%]). Furthermore, significant differences in glycemic metrics between iPro2 and FSL were also observed in time in range (TIR) 70-180 mg/dl (TIR, 62.8 ± 12.4% vs. 58.8 ± 12.3%, p = 0.004), time spent below 70 mg/dl (4.4 [1.8, 10.9]% vs. 7.2 [5.4, 13.3]%, p < 0.001), time spent below 54 mg/dl (0.9 [0.3, 4.0]% vs. 2.6 [1.3, 5.6]%, p = 0.011), and coefficient of variation (CV, 38.7 ± 8.5% vs. 40.9 ± 9.3%, p = 0.017). CONCLUSIONS During 14 days of use, FSL and iPro2 provided different estimations on TIR, CV, and hypoglycemia-related parameters, which needs to be considered when making clinical decisions and clinical trial designs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yongwen Zhou
- Department of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of DiabetologyThe Third Affiliated Hospital of Sun Yat‐sen UniversityGuangzhouChina
- Department of Endocrinology, The First Affiliated Hospital of USTC, Division of Life Sciences and MedicineUniversity of Science and Technology of ChinaHefeiChina
| | - Xiaodong Mai
- Department of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of DiabetologyThe Third Affiliated Hospital of Sun Yat‐sen UniversityGuangzhouChina
| | - Hongrong Deng
- Department of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of DiabetologyThe Third Affiliated Hospital of Sun Yat‐sen UniversityGuangzhouChina
| | - Daizhi Yang
- Department of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of DiabetologyThe Third Affiliated Hospital of Sun Yat‐sen UniversityGuangzhouChina
| | - Mao Zheng
- Department of Endocrinology, The First Affiliated Hospital of USTC, Division of Life Sciences and MedicineUniversity of Science and Technology of ChinaHefeiChina
| | - Bin Huang
- Department of Endocrinology, The First Affiliated Hospital of USTC, Division of Life Sciences and MedicineUniversity of Science and Technology of ChinaHefeiChina
| | - Linlin Xu
- Department of Endocrinology, The First Affiliated Hospital of USTC, Division of Life Sciences and MedicineUniversity of Science and Technology of ChinaHefeiChina
| | - Jianping Weng
- Department of Endocrinology, The First Affiliated Hospital of USTC, Division of Life Sciences and MedicineUniversity of Science and Technology of ChinaHefeiChina
| | - Wen Xu
- Department of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of DiabetologyThe Third Affiliated Hospital of Sun Yat‐sen UniversityGuangzhouChina
| | - Jinhua Yan
- Department of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of DiabetologyThe Third Affiliated Hospital of Sun Yat‐sen UniversityGuangzhouChina
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