14-day Holter monitoring for atrial fibrillation after ischemic stroke: The yield of guideline-recommended monitoring duration

2025 Heart Disease and Stroke Statistics: A Report of US and Global Data From the American Heart Association

BACKGROUND

The American Heart Association (AHA), in conjunction with the National Institutes of Health, annually reports the most up-to-date statistics related to heart disease, stroke, and cardiovascular risk factors, including core health behaviors (smoking, physical activity, nutrition, sleep, and obesity) and health factors (cholesterol, blood pressure, glucose control, and metabolic syndrome) that contribute to cardiovascular health. The AHA Heart Disease and Stroke Statistical Update presents the latest data on a range of major clinical heart and circulatory disease conditions (including stroke, brain health, complications of pregnancy, kidney disease, congenital heart disease, rhythm disorders, sudden cardiac arrest, subclinical atherosclerosis, coronary heart disease, cardiomyopathy, heart failure, valvular disease, venous thromboembolism, and peripheral artery disease) and the associated outcomes (including quality of care, procedures, and economic costs).

METHODS

The AHA, through its Epidemiology and Prevention Statistics Committee, continuously monitors and evaluates sources of data on heart disease and stroke in the United States and globally to provide the most current information available in the annual Statistical Update with review of published literature through the year before writing. The 2025 AHA Statistical Update is the product of a full year's worth of effort in 2024 by dedicated volunteer clinicians and scientists, committed government professionals, and AHA staff members. This year's edition includes a continued focus on health equity across several key domains and enhanced global data that reflect improved methods and incorporation of ≈3000 new data sources since last year's Statistical Update.

RESULTS

Each of the chapters in the Statistical Update focuses on a different topic related to heart disease and stroke statistics.

CONCLUSIONS

The Statistical Update represents a critical resource for the lay public, policymakers, media professionals, clinicians, health care administrators, researchers, health advocates, and others seeking the best available data on these factors and conditions.

Diagnostic value of nocturnal trend changes in a dynamic electrocardiogram for coronary heart disease

OBJECTIVE

To explore the diagnostic value of intermittent changes in the nocturnal ST segment trend graph in a dynamic electrocardiogram (ECG) for coronary heart disease (CHD).

METHODS

A total of 205 patients who underwent coronary angiography were included in this retrospective study. The study sample was determined through a power analysis aimed at achieving power of 80% with a significance level of 0.05. The participants were divided into the CHD (n = 101) and the non-CHD (n = 104) group, based on the degree of coronary artery diameter stenosis. The morphological changes in the ST segment trend graph were observed and divided into two categories: 'wall-shaped' and 'peak-shaped' changes.

RESULTS

Among the 205 patients, 94 had nocturnal ST segment dynamic changes and 111 did not. The detection rate of CHD without nocturnal ST segment dynamic changes was 21.59%, significantly lower than the detection rate of 93.18% in those with nocturnal ST segment changes, reflecting a statistically significant difference (P < 0.05). The positive rate of ST segment in patients with single-vessel disease (71.88%) was lower than in patients with multi-vessel disease (78.57%), and both differences were statistically significant (P < 0.05). The duration of ST segment trend graph changes in 94 cases in the CHD group with intermittent changes in the nocturnal ST segment trend graph was higher than in the non-CHD group, but no significant difference was observed (P > 0.05). The detection rate of CHD in the peak-shaped dynamic change group of the nocturnal ST segment trend graph was significantly higher (76/82) than in the wall-shaped (6/82) dynamic change group (P < 0.05).

CONCLUSION

Peak-shaped changes in the nocturnal ST segment trend graph indicate coronary artery lesions. Nocturnal ST segment changes observed through dynamic ECG monitoring can serve as a valuable non-invasive predictor for CHD, providing a feasible method for early diagnosis and intervention in clinical practice.

2024 Heart Disease and Stroke Statistics: A Report of US and Global Data From the American Heart Association

BACKGROUND

The American Heart Association (AHA), in conjunction with the National Institutes of Health, annually reports the most up-to-date statistics related to heart disease, stroke, and cardiovascular risk factors, including core health behaviors (smoking, physical activity, nutrition, sleep, and obesity) and health factors (cholesterol, blood pressure, glucose control, and metabolic syndrome) that contribute to cardiovascular health. The AHA Heart Disease and Stroke Statistical Update presents the latest data on a range of major clinical heart and circulatory disease conditions (including stroke, brain health, complications of pregnancy, kidney disease, congenital heart disease, rhythm disorders, sudden cardiac arrest, subclinical atherosclerosis, coronary heart disease, cardiomyopathy, heart failure, valvular disease, venous thromboembolism, and peripheral artery disease) and the associated outcomes (including quality of care, procedures, and economic costs).

METHODS

The AHA, through its Epidemiology and Prevention Statistics Committee, continuously monitors and evaluates sources of data on heart disease and stroke in the United States and globally to provide the most current information available in the annual Statistical Update with review of published literature through the year before writing. The 2024 AHA Statistical Update is the product of a full year's worth of effort in 2023 by dedicated volunteer clinicians and scientists, committed government professionals, and AHA staff members. The AHA strives to further understand and help heal health problems inflicted by structural racism, a public health crisis that can significantly damage physical and mental health and perpetuate disparities in access to health care, education, income, housing, and several other factors vital to healthy lives. This year's edition includes additional global data, as well as data on the monitoring and benefits of cardiovascular health in the population, with an enhanced focus on health equity across several key domains.

RESULTS

Each of the chapters in the Statistical Update focuses on a different topic related to heart disease and stroke statistics.

CONCLUSIONS

The Statistical Update represents a critical resource for the lay public, policymakers, media professionals, clinicians, health care administrators, researchers, health advocates, and others seeking the best available data on these factors and conditions.