1
|
Schachter K, Tritt A, Young M, Hier J, Kay-Rivest E, Blanc GL, Nguyen LHP. The race that never slows: Otolaryngology - Head and Neck Surgery residency applicant parameters over time. Can Med Educ J 2023; 14:31-39. [PMID: 38226295 PMCID: PMC10787867 DOI: 10.36834/cmej.74129] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/17/2024]
Abstract
Background There has been an increasing number of Canadian medical graduates who have gone unmatched in the residency selection process. Medical students have been engaging in extracurricular activities outside the formal curriculum which may help to distinguish themselves from their peers in the selection process. To understand how competitiveness in residency selection shapes applicant demographic characteristics and behaviours, this study set out to explore the demographic characteristics and prevalence of reported extra-curricular activities by applicants to Canadian Otolaryngology - Head & Neck Surgery (OTL-HNS) residency across time. Methods A retrospective, descriptive study reviewed specific sections of the curriculum vitae (CV) of applicants to OTL-HNS programs in Canada. These sections were self-reported, and included research productivity, involvement in volunteer and leadership activities, membership in associations, and honours or awards granted. Data was quantified and analyzed descriptively. Results Between 2013 to 2017, a total of 267 applicants reported a median of 12.6 research publications, 9.6 volunteer activities, six leadership activities, six association memberships and 9.8 honours/awards. Applicants were younger over time, with proportions of applicants over 30 years old decreasing from 56% in 2013 to 9% in 2017. Conclusion Applicants to Canadian OTL-HNS residency programs are reporting consistently high numbers of extracurricular activities and were of increasingly younger ages. Medical students are investing significant time and energy to pursue these activities which are above and beyond the formal curriculum, possibly contributing to decreased diversity in applicants for competitive residencies, increasing the likelihood of misrepresentation in residency applications, and likely contributing to medical student burnout.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Kaylie Schachter
- Department of Family Medicine, McGill University, Quebec, Canada
| | - Ashley Tritt
- Department of Pediatrics, Université de Montréal, Quebec, Canada
| | - Meredith Young
- Institute of Health Sciences Education, McGill University, Quebec, Canada
| | - Jessica Hier
- Department of Otolaryngology – Head and Neck Surgery, McGill University, Quebec, Canada
| | - Emily Kay-Rivest
- Department of Otolaryngology – Head and Neck Surgery, McGill University, Quebec, Canada
| | | | - Lily HP Nguyen
- Institute of Health Sciences Education, McGill University, Quebec, Canada
- Department of Otolaryngology – Head and Neck Surgery, McGill University, Quebec, Canada
| |
Collapse
|
2
|
DiNardo LA, Reese AD, Powers KF, Siddiqui A, Gupta S, Carr MM. Does Medical School Rank Impact Matching into Otolaryngology? Laryngoscope 2023; 133:3353-3357. [PMID: 37026599 DOI: 10.1002/lary.30686] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/04/2022] [Revised: 02/27/2023] [Accepted: 03/21/2023] [Indexed: 04/08/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE(S) To describe how medical school rank may be associated with matriculation into otolaryngology residency programs. METHODS A list of medical students who matched into otolaryngology residencies in 2020, 2021, and 2022 was obtained from Otomatch (Otomatch.com). For each student, their medical school, U.S. News & World Report Best Medical School (Research) ranking, and region based on the U.S. Census divisions were recorded. The medical schools were divided into four Tiers according to rank: 1-40 (Tier 1), 41-80 (Tier 2), 81-124 (Tier 3), and 125-191 (Tier 4). Residency programs were also grouped by region, whether they were large (>3 residents/year) or small (<3 residents/year), and their Doximity reputation ranking: 1-31 (Tier 1), 32-61 (Tier 2), 62-91 (Tier 3), and 92-125 (Tier 4). RESULTS Nine hundred and ninety-five medical students were included in this study. The majority of residency matriculants were MDs (N = 988, 99.3%) who came from Tier 1 (N = 410, 41.2%) or Tier 2 (N = 313, 31.5%) medical schools. Those who attended higher-tier medical schools were more likely to match into higher-tier residency programs (p < 0.001). 57.8% (N = 237) of the applicants who attended Tier 1 medical schools matriculated into a Tier 1 residency program, whereas only 24.7% (N = 42) of the applicants from Tier 4 medical schools matriculated into a Tier 1 residency program. CONCLUSION Applicants who attend top-tier medical schools represent significantly more residents at top-tier otolaryngology residency programs than those from lower tier medial schools. LEVEL OF EVIDENCE NA Laryngoscope, 133:3353-3357, 2023.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Lauren A DiNardo
- Jacobs School of Medicine and Biomedical Sciences, University at Buffalo, Buffalo, New York, U.S.A
| | - Alyssa D Reese
- Jacobs School of Medicine and Biomedical Sciences, University at Buffalo, Buffalo, New York, U.S.A
| | - Kristina F Powers
- Jacobs School of Medicine and Biomedical Sciences, University at Buffalo, Buffalo, New York, U.S.A
| | - Afreen Siddiqui
- Jacobs School of Medicine and Biomedical Sciences, University at Buffalo, Buffalo, New York, U.S.A
| | - Soumya Gupta
- Department of Internal Medicine, Montefiore Medical Center, Bronx, New York, U.S.A
| | - Michele M Carr
- Department of Otolaryngology, Jacobs School of Medicine and Biomedical Sciences, University at Buffalo, Buffalo, New York, U.S.A
| |
Collapse
|
3
|
Onyeukwu JO, Chang A, Scott AR, Noonan KY, Soneru CP. Medical School Factors Associated With Students Entering Otolaryngology. J Surg Educ 2023; 80:1484-1491. [PMID: 37453898 DOI: 10.1016/j.jsurg.2023.06.024] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/01/2023] [Revised: 05/24/2023] [Accepted: 06/17/2023] [Indexed: 07/18/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE To determine medical school characteristics that are associated with medical students entering otolaryngology residency programs. STUDY DESIGN Cross-sectional study. SETTING Publically available data on otolaryngology residents and academic otolaryngology programs. METHODS Publicly available websites were used to collect demographic and bibliometric characteristics for 1527 residents in Accreditation Council for Graduate Medical Education (ACGME)-accredited otolaryngology programs accounting for the 2017 to 2021 match periods. For each medical school, information on class size, number of otolaryngology faculty, presence of a home academic otolaryngology program, NIH research funding, presence of a student interest group, and top 10 ranking by Doximity or U.S. News and World Report (USNWR) were collected. Univariate and multivariate analyses were performed between the medical school factors and the percentage of each medical school class that matriculated into an otolaryngology residency program. RESULTS On multivariate analysis, the following factors were found to be associated with a higher percentage of graduates entering an otolaryngology residency program: presence of a home academic otolaryngology program (standardized beta value (β) = 0.397, p < 0.0001), a 2021 top 10 ENT ranking according to USNWR (β = 0.206, p = 0.0028), and the average h-index of students from a medical school (β = 0.327, p < 0.0001). CONCLUSIONS After controlling for multiple factors including research productivity, we found that the presence of a home academic program and a top 10 ranking on USNWR were associated with an increasing percentage of medical school graduates entering otolaryngology. NIH funding and the number of otolaryngology faculty were not associated with more students matriculating into an otolaryngology residency program. These findings can help guide medical schools and otolaryngology programs to recruit students into the field.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
| | - Alec Chang
- Tufts University School of Medicine, Boston, Massachusetts
| | - Andrew R Scott
- Tufts University School of Medicine, Boston, Massachusetts; Department of Otolaryngology - Head and Neck Surgery, Tufts Medical Center, Boston, Massachusetts
| | - Kathryn Y Noonan
- Tufts University School of Medicine, Boston, Massachusetts; Department of Otolaryngology - Head and Neck Surgery, Tufts Medical Center, Boston, Massachusetts
| | - Christian P Soneru
- Tufts University School of Medicine, Boston, Massachusetts; Department of Otolaryngology - Head and Neck Surgery, Tufts Medical Center, Boston, Massachusetts.
| |
Collapse
|
4
|
Fijany AJ, Zago I, Olsson SE, Troia T, Givechian KB, Boctor MJ, Pekarev M. Recent Trends and Future Directions for the Integrated Plastic Surgery Match. Plast Reconstr Surg Glob Open 2023; 11:e5053. [PMID: 37342307 PMCID: PMC10278693 DOI: 10.1097/gox.0000000000005053] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/24/2023] [Accepted: 04/13/2023] [Indexed: 06/22/2023]
Abstract
The integrated plastic surgery residency match has risen to be the most competitive specialty in the 2022 match. This reality has prompted medical students to reach a high level of personal achievements, including pursuing research fellowships to boost research productivity. The competitive nature of this specialty has highlighted several barriers for applicants, such as those from groups underrepresented in surgery, of lower socioeconomic backgrounds, or without a home program. In recent years, there have been several changes to the match that stand to attenuate disparities among applicants, such as the transition to virtual interviews and the shift of the United States Medical Licensing Examination Step 1 score to pass-fail. The introduction of the Plastic Surgery Common Application and standardized letters of recommendation has altered the application process for the plastic surgery match. Given these recent trends, evaluating the current landscape and looking toward future directions for the integrated plastic surgery match becomes necessary. Understanding these changes will not only benefit medical students by giving them a transparent look into the match process but also provide a framework for other specialties to follow to increase accessibility to their specific specialty.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Arman J. Fijany
- From the Anne Burnett Marion School of Medicine, Texas Christian University, Fort Worth, Tex
| | - Ilana Zago
- From the Anne Burnett Marion School of Medicine, Texas Christian University, Fort Worth, Tex
| | - Sofia E. Olsson
- From the Anne Burnett Marion School of Medicine, Texas Christian University, Fort Worth, Tex
| | - Thomas Troia
- From the Anne Burnett Marion School of Medicine, Texas Christian University, Fort Worth, Tex
| | | | | | - Maxim Pekarev
- From the Anne Burnett Marion School of Medicine, Texas Christian University, Fort Worth, Tex
| |
Collapse
|
5
|
Cohen SA, Xiao M, Zhuang T, Michaud J, Wadhwa H, Shapiro L, Kamal RN. How do orthopaedic surgery residency program websites feature diversity? An analysis of 187 orthopaedic surgery programs in the United States. Current Orthopaedic Practice 2022; Publish Ahead of Print. [PMID: 35685001 PMCID: PMC9173404 DOI: 10.1097/bco.0000000000001101] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
Abstract
Background The orthopaedic surgery residency program website represents a recruitment tool that can be used to demonstrate a program's commitment to diversity and inclusion to prospective applicants. The authors assessed how orthopaedic surgery residency programs demonstrated diversity and inclusion on their program websites and whether this varied based on National Institutes of Health (NIH) funding, top-40 medical school affiliation, university affiliation, program size, or geographic region. Methods The authors evaluated 187 orthopaedic surgery residency program websites for the presence of 12 elements that represented program commitment to diversity and inclusion values, based on prior work and ACGME recommendations. Mann-Whitney U and Kruskal-Wallis tests were used to assess whether NIH funding and other program characteristics were associated with commitment to diversity and inclusion on affiliated residency websites. Results Orthopaedic surgery residency websites included a mean of 4.9 ± 2.1 diversity and inclusion elements, with 21% (40/187) featuring a majority (7+) of elements. Top 40 NIH funded programs (5.4 ± 2.0) did not have significantly higher website diversity scores when compared with nontop-40 programs (4.8 ± 2.1) (P = 0.250). University-based or affiliated programs (5.2 ± 2.0) had higher diversity scores when compared with community-based programs (3.6 ± 2.2) (P = 0.003). Conclusions Most orthopaedic surgery residency websites contained fewer than half of the diversity and inclusion elements studied, suggesting opportunities for further commitment to diversity and inclusion. Inclusion of diversity initiatives on program websites may attract more diverse applicants and help address gender and racial or ethnic disparities in orthopaedic surgery. Level of Evidence Level V.
Collapse
|
6
|
Goshtasbi K, Tsutsumi K, Merna C, Kuan EC, Haidar YM, Tjoa T. Does Medical School Geography and Ranking Influence Residency Match in Otolaryngology? Ann Otol Rhinol Laryngol 2021; 131:485-492. [PMID: 34157902 DOI: 10.1177/00034894211026482] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE To elucidate the associations between geographic locations, rankings, and size/funding of medical schools and residency programs among the current otolaryngology residents. METHODS This retrospective cross-sectional study queried otolaryngology residency program websites for relevant publicly accessible information. Location was categorized as Midwest, Northeast, South, and West. Ranking was according to Doximity (residency) and US News and World Report (medical school). Medical school and residency programs were labeled large if they had >704 students or >15 residents, respectively. RESULTS A total of 1413 residents from 98 (89%) otolaryngology residency programs were included. Residents attending their home medical schools (18%) were equally distributed among regions (P = .845). Residents who attended medical schools in the same US regions (54%) were more likely from top-25 (P = .001) or private (P < .001) medical schools. Southern residents were most likely (64%) and Western residents were least likely (39%) from regional medical schools (P < .001), while residents from Midwest and Northeast had similar rates (54%-55%). The percentage of Midwest residents coming from regional medical schools has decreased from the 2013 to 2014 residency cycle (P = .037). Completing undergraduate school, medical school, and residency in the same region (38%) was also highest in the South (45%) and lowest in the West (25%) (P < .001). Residents at top-ranked residency programs were more likely from top-ranked (P < .001), large (P = .025), and private (P = .018) medical schools. CONCLUSION There exist significant associations between otolaryngology residents' medical school location, ranking, size, and funding source and their residency destination. More than half of the current otolaryngology residents attended medical school in the same geographic region, and about one-fifth have attended medical school and residency at the same institution. Future studies are warranted to evaluate how these results change as the match process evolves in the future. LEVEL OF EVIDENCE N/A.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Khodayar Goshtasbi
- Department of Otolaryngology-Head and Neck Surgery, University of California, Irvine, CA, USA
| | - Kotaro Tsutsumi
- Department of Otolaryngology-Head and Neck Surgery, University of California, Irvine, CA, USA
| | - Catherine Merna
- Department of Otolaryngology-Head and Neck Surgery, University of California, Irvine, CA, USA
| | - Edward C Kuan
- Department of Otolaryngology-Head and Neck Surgery, University of California, Irvine, CA, USA
| | - Yarah M Haidar
- Department of Otolaryngology-Head and Neck Surgery, University of California, Irvine, CA, USA
| | - Tjoson Tjoa
- Department of Otolaryngology-Head and Neck Surgery, University of California, Irvine, CA, USA
| |
Collapse
|
7
|
Lenze NR, Mihalic AP, DeMason CE, Shah RN, Buckmire RA, Thorp BD, Ebert CS, Zanation AM. Predictors of otolaryngology applicant success using the Texas STAR database. Laryngoscope Investig Otolaryngol 2021; 6:188-194. [PMID: 33869750 PMCID: PMC8035942 DOI: 10.1002/lio2.549] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/12/2021] [Accepted: 03/03/2021] [Indexed: 11/29/2022] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVES To examine applicant characteristics and behaviors associated with a successful match into otolaryngology residency. METHODS Self-reported survey data from applicants to otolaryngology residency between 2018 and 2020 were obtained from the Texas STAR database. Characteristics and predictors associated with a successful match were examined using Chi-square tests, two-sided t-tests, and logistic regression models. RESULTS A total of 315 otolaryngology residency applicants responded to the survey of whom 274 matched (87%) and 41 did not match (13%). Matched applicants had a significantly higher mean USMLE Step 1 score (P = .016) and Step 2 CK score (P = .007). There were no significant differences in AOA status (45% vs 36%; P = .207), mean number of applications submitted (70 vs 69; P = .544), and mean number of away rotations (2.1 vs 2.0; P = .687) between matched and unmatched applicants. Significant predictors of a successful match included receiving honors in 5 or more clerkships (OR 2.0, 95% CI 1.0-4.0; P = .040), receiving honors in an ENT clerkship (OR 3.7, 95% CI 1.0-12.9; P = .044), and having 3 or more peer-reviewed publications (OR 2.3, 95% CI 1.1-4.5; P = .020). The majority of applicants (79.9%) matched at a program where they either did an away rotation, had a personal geographic connection, or attended medical school in the same geographic region. CONCLUSIONS Board scores, excelling on clinical rotations, and having productive research experience appear to be strong predictors of a successful match in otolaryngology. The majority of applicants report a personal or geographic connection to the program at which they match. LEVEL OF EVIDENCE 4.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Nicholas R. Lenze
- University of North Carolina School of MedicineChapel HillNorth CarolinaUSA
| | - Angela P. Mihalic
- Department of PediatricsUniversity of Texas Southwestern Medical CenterDallasTexasUSA
| | - Christine E. DeMason
- Department of Otolaryngology/Head and Neck SurgeryUniversity of North Carolina School of MedicineChapel HillNorth CarolinaUSA
| | - Rupali N. Shah
- Department of Otolaryngology/Head and Neck SurgeryUniversity of North Carolina School of MedicineChapel HillNorth CarolinaUSA
| | - Robert A. Buckmire
- Department of Otolaryngology/Head and Neck SurgeryUniversity of North Carolina School of MedicineChapel HillNorth CarolinaUSA
| | - Brian D. Thorp
- Department of Otolaryngology/Head and Neck SurgeryUniversity of North Carolina School of MedicineChapel HillNorth CarolinaUSA
| | - Charles S. Ebert
- Department of Otolaryngology/Head and Neck SurgeryUniversity of North Carolina School of MedicineChapel HillNorth CarolinaUSA
| | - Adam M. Zanation
- Department of Otolaryngology/Head and Neck SurgeryUniversity of North Carolina School of MedicineChapel HillNorth CarolinaUSA
| |
Collapse
|