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Lu X, Gu X, Shi Y. A review on lignin antioxidants: Their sources, isolations, antioxidant activities and various applications. Int J Biol Macromol 2022; 210:716-741. [PMID: 35526770 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijbiomac.2022.04.228] [Citation(s) in RCA: 44] [Impact Index Per Article: 22.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/17/2022] [Revised: 04/13/2022] [Accepted: 04/29/2022] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
Lignin, a biopolymer obtained from agricultural/forestry residues or paper pulping wastewater, is rich in aromatic structure, which is central to its adoption as a candidate to natural antioxidants. Through insight into its structural features from biomass, different functional groups would influence lignin antioxidant activity, wherein phenolic content is the most important factor, hence massive studies have focused on its improvement via different pretreatments and post-processing methods. Besides, lignin nanoparticles and chemical modifications are also efficient methods to improve antioxidant activity via increasing free content and decreasing bond dissociation enthalpy of phenolic hydroxyl. Lignin samples exhibit comparable radicals scavenging ability to commercial ones, showing their potential as renewable alternatives of synthesized antioxidants. Besides, their applications have also been discussed, which demonstrates lignin potential as an inexpensive antioxidant additive and consequent improvements on multiple functionalities. This review is dedicated to summarize lignin antioxidants extracted from biomass resources, methods to improve their antioxidant activity and their applications, which is beneficial for realizing lignin valorization.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xinyu Lu
- Co-Innovation Center for Efficient Processing and Utilization of Forest Products, College of Chemical Engineering, Nanjing Forestry University, 159 Longpan Road, Nanjing 210037, PR China
| | - Xiaoli Gu
- Co-Innovation Center for Efficient Processing and Utilization of Forest Products, College of Chemical Engineering, Nanjing Forestry University, 159 Longpan Road, Nanjing 210037, PR China.
| | - Yijun Shi
- Division of Machine Elements, Luleå University of Technology, SE97187 Luleå, Sweden.
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Lee DY, Lee IH. FDY003 inhibits colon cancer in a Colo205 xenograft mouse model by decreasing oxidative stress. Pharmacogn Mag 2019. [DOI: 10.4103/pm.pm_650_18] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/04/2022] Open
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Gyémánt G, Lehoczki G, Szabó K, Kandra L. Inhibition studies on α-amylase using isothermal titration calorimetry. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2018. [DOI: 10.1515/amylase-2018-0002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/15/2022]
Abstract
Abstract
The control of postprandial blood glucose level via the inhibition of α‐amylase is a relevant strategy for the treatment of type 2 diabetes. Several antidiabetic plants are known but there is no information about their α-amylase inhibitory activity. This in vitro study tries to reveal the answer. Hot water extracts of 58 medicinal plants and spices were examined. Activity measurements of human salivary α-amylase (HSαA) on 0.14 m/v % starch substrate was carried out by isothermal titration calorimetry in the presence or absence of plant extracts. Water soluble antioxidant capacity of each extract was measured with photo-chemiluminescence method. Results have confirmed the inhibitory activity of several plant extracts against HsαA. The green tea, cinnamon and allspice, furthermore leaves of blackberry, raspberry and strawberry deserve particular mention (IC50 ≤ 1.2 mg/mL). A few extracts had significant water-soluble antioxidant capacity compared to ascorbic acid and a weak correlation was recognised between the obtained IC50 and antioxidant capacity values. Inhibition of amylases located in digestive system can be reached via daily intake of most active extracts. These plants could be inserted effectively into a diabetic diet as food supplements.
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Oliynyk I. Limits of application of initiated chemiluminescence in monitoring of oncological process of mucous membrane of mouth and larynx. LUMINESCENCE 2016; 31:1213-9. [PMID: 26809216 DOI: 10.1002/bio.3093] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/01/2015] [Revised: 12/20/2015] [Accepted: 12/20/2015] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
Abstract
Investigation into the limits of application of chemiluminescence (CL) methods in oncology still attracts the attention of researchers. In the present work we analyze the screening and monitoring of oncological processes (OP) in the mucous membrane of the mouth and larynx by initiated CL (ICL). Chemiluminescence has already been used by stomatologists to define the start of OP, but methods that reflect the metabolic changes in organism under cancer diagnostics still have not found their place. This work presents results of ICL on blood serum (BS) of patients with oncological diseases at different stages of medical treatment compared with those of healthy people. We found an essential metabolic difference only in types of OP that are characterized by two maxima on chemiluminograms. These OP represent only 12.81% of groups of patients with oncological diseases. The possibility to apply ICL methods to monitor operation quality and control medical treatment at different stages when the two ICL maxima are present is established. At present, the chemiluminograms with the two maxima are mostly informative, but this does not exclude the quantitative analysis of other ICL kinetic methods and is encouraging for their investigation. Any OP introduces changes in organism function and these should be reflected in the ICL. Copyright © 2016 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
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Affiliation(s)
- Iryna Oliynyk
- Lviv Medical Institute, Lviv Polytechnic National University, Ukraine
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Craft BD, Kerrihard AL, Amarowicz R, Pegg RB. Phenol-Based Antioxidants and the In Vitro Methods Used for Their Assessment. Compr Rev Food Sci Food Saf 2012. [DOI: 10.1111/j.1541-4337.2011.00173.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 241] [Impact Index Per Article: 20.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
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Saul N, Pietsch K, Stürzenbaum SR, Menzel R, Steinberg CEW. Diversity of polyphenol action in Caenorhabditis elegans: between toxicity and longevity. JOURNAL OF NATURAL PRODUCTS 2011; 74:1713-1720. [PMID: 21805983 DOI: 10.1021/np200011a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 73] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/31/2023]
Abstract
The model organism Caenorhabditis elegans was utilized to determine, in vivo, the mode(s) of action of four plant polyphenols, namely, tannic acid (TA), gallic acid (GA), ellagic acid (EA), and catechin (CT). The determination of lifespan, stress resistance, growth, reproduction, eating-related behaviors, antioxidative capacities, and lifespan assays with the mev-1 and the eat-2 mutants as well as in the presence of dead bacteria provided new insights into their action. All four compounds prolonged lifespan, but only TA and CT mediated distinct stress protection. Longevity is unlikely the result of antioxidant capacities but rather due to calorie restriction imitating and hormetic properties in the case of TA and EA or antimicrobial capacities of GA and EA. Furthermore, the prominent "disposable soma theory" is only partly reflected by these polyphenols. In summary, this study underlines the diversity of polyphenolic phytochemicals and their mechanistic background.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nadine Saul
- Laboratory of Freshwater & Stress Ecology, Department of Biology, Humboldt-Universität zu Berlin, Späthstrasse 80/81, 12437 Berlin, Germany.
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Use of conventional and -omics based methods for health claims of dietary antioxidants: a critical overview. Br J Nutr 2009; 99 E Suppl 1:ES3-52. [PMID: 18503734 DOI: 10.1017/s0007114508965752] [Citation(s) in RCA: 83] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
This article describes the principles and limitations of methods used to investigate reactive oxygen species (ROS) protective properties of dietary constituents and is aimed at providing a better understanding of the requirements for science based health claims of antioxidant (AO) effects of foods. A number of currently used biochemical measurements aimed of determining the total antioxidant capacity and oxidised lipids and proteins are carried out under unphysiological conditions and are prone to artefact formation. Probably the most reliable approaches are measurements of isoprostanes as a parameter of lipid peroxidation and determination of oxidative DNA damage. Also the design of the experimental models has a strong impact on the reliability of AO studies: the common strategy is the identification of AO by in vitro screening with cell lines. This approach is based on the assumption that protection towards ROS is due to scavenging, but recent findings indicate that activation of transcription factors which regulate genes involved in antioxidant defence plays a key role in the mode of action of AO. These processes are not adequately represented in cell lines. Another shortcoming of in vitro experiments is that AO are metabolised in vivo and that most cell lines are lacking enzymes which catalyse these reactions. Compounds with large molecular configurations (chlorophylls, anthocyans and polyphenolics) are potent AO in vitro, but weak or no effects were observed in animal/human studies with realistic doses as they are poorly absorbed. The development of -omics approaches will improve the scientific basis for health claims. The evaluation of results from microarray and proteomics studies shows that it is not possible to establish a general signature of alterations of transcription and protein patterns by AO. However, it was shown that alterations of gene expression and protein levels caused by experimentally induced oxidative stress and ROS related diseases can be normalised by dietary AO.
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Bruni R, Rossi D, Muzzoli M, Romagnoli C, Paganetto G, Besco E, Choquecillo F, Peralta K, Lora WS, Sacchetti G. Antimutagenic, antioxidant and antimicrobial properties of Maytenus krukovii bark. Fitoterapia 2006; 77:538-45. [PMID: 16963198 DOI: 10.1016/j.fitote.2006.06.009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/20/2005] [Accepted: 06/22/2006] [Indexed: 01/22/2023]
Abstract
The hydroalcoholic extract of Maytenus krukovii bark was investigated for its in vitro mutageno-protective activities by means of the Ames Salmonella/microsome assay. The extract showed an inhibitory effect in both T98 and T100 strains against the mutagenic activity of promutagen 2-aminoanthracene but was not protective against directly acting mutagens sodium azide and 2-nitrofluorene. When tested as a radical scavenger and antioxidant it produced a dose-dependent inhibition. The extract did not show significant antibacterial properties, and was weakly active against dermatophyte and phytopathogenic fungi, but inhibited the growth of phytopathogen Pithyum ultimum.
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Affiliation(s)
- Renato Bruni
- Dipartimento di Biologia Evolutiva e Funzionale, Parco Area delle Scienze 11, 43100 Parma, Italy.
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Beneke R, Bihn D, Hütler M, Leithäuser RM. Haemolysis caused by alterations of α- and β-spectrin after 10 to 35 min of severe exercise. Eur J Appl Physiol 2005; 95:307-12. [PMID: 16096844 DOI: 10.1007/s00421-005-0010-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 06/08/2005] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
The pathophysiology of exercise related haemolysis is not thoroughly understood. We investigated whether exercise related haemolysis (1) is associated with alterations of red blood cell (RBC) membrane proteins similar to those found in inherited anaemic diseases, (2) can be induced with a non-running exercise mode, (3) is related to exercise intensity, and (4) coincides with indicators of oxidative stress. In ten triathletes [median (P25/P75-percentiles) age: 28.0 (26.3/28.5) years, height: 1.84 (1.78/1.87) m, body mass: 78.5 (74.8/80.8) kg, maximal oxygen uptake: 60.0 (57.3/64.8) ml kg(-1) min(-1)], haptoglobin, alpha- and beta-spectrin bands, malondialdehyde (MDA) and H2O2-induced chemiluminescence (H2O2-Chem) were determined immediately pre- and post-both, a 35 min low intensity and a high intensity cycling exercise [240 (218/253) vs 290 (270/300) W, P<0.05) requiring similar amounts of metabolic energy [28.3 (25.9/29.9) vs 24.9 (18.4/30.5) kJ kg(-1), P>0.05]. At high exercise intensity haptoglobin [1.10 (0.81/2.53) vs 1.01 (0.75/2.00) g l(-1)] decreased (P<0.05) whilst MDA [2.80 (2.65/3.20) vs 3.13 (2.78/3.31) nmol ml(-1)] and H2O2-Chem [29.70 (22.55/37.10) vs 37.25 (35.20/52.63) rel. U min] increased (P<0.05), coinciding with the disappearance of the spectrin bands in six out of ten gels. No corresponding changes were found at low intensity exercise. Ten to 35 min of non-running exercise in a regularly used intensity domain causes intra-vascular haemolysis associated with alterations in the RBC membrane proteins similar to those found after in vitro oxidative stress and in inherited anaemic diseases like Sphaerocytosis and Fanconi's anaemia.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ralph Beneke
- Centre for Sports and Exercise Science, Department of Biological Sciences, University of Essex, Wivenhoe Park, Colchester, CO43SQ, England.
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Prior RL, Wu X, Schaich K. Standardized methods for the determination of antioxidant capacity and phenolics in foods and dietary supplements. JOURNAL OF AGRICULTURAL AND FOOD CHEMISTRY 2005; 53:4290-302. [PMID: 15884874 DOI: 10.1021/jf0502698] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2812] [Impact Index Per Article: 148.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/02/2023]
Abstract
Methods available for the measurement of antioxidant capacity are reviewed, presenting the general chemistry underlying the assays, the types of molecules detected, and the most important advantages and shortcomings of each method. This overview provides a basis and rationale for developing standardized antioxidant capacity methods for the food, nutraceutical, and dietary supplement industries. From evaluation of data presented at the First International Congress on Antioxidant Methods in 2004 and in the literature, as well as consideration of potential end uses of antioxidants, it is proposed that procedures and applications for three assays be considered for standardization: the oxygen radical absorbance capacity (ORAC) assay, the Folin-Ciocalteu method, and possibly the Trolox equivalent antioxidant capacity (TEAC) assay. ORAC represent a hydrogen atom transfer (HAT) reaction mechanism, which is most relevant to human biology. The Folin-Ciocalteu method is an electron transfer (ET) based assay and gives reducing capacity, which has normally been expressed as phenolic contents. The TEAC assay represents a second ET-based method. Other assays may need to be considered in the future as more is learned about some of the other radical sources and their importance to human biology.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ronald L Prior
- U.S. Department of Agriculture, Arkansas Children's Nutrition Center, 1120 Marshall Street, Little Rock, Arkansas 72202, USA.
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Popov I, Lewin G. Photochemiluminescent detection of antiradical activity. VII. Comparison with a modified method of thermo-initiated free radical generation with chemiluminescent detection. LUMINESCENCE 2005; 20:321-5. [PMID: 16134220 DOI: 10.1002/bio.856] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/17/2023]
Abstract
The method of photosensitized chemiluminescence (PCL) allows the quantification of water- and lipid-soluble antioxidants and activity of superoxide dismutase (SOD) in the same measuring system. However, it needs a special device, which we have described in a previous paper in this series. Another method suitable for the assay of water- and lipid-soluble antioxidants is the thermo-initiated decay of azo-compounds combined with the measurement of O2 consumption (Niki, 1985; Wayner et al., 1985). Its long duration and the complicated measuring procedure is not acceptable for routine medical applications. We show that a modification using CL detection of free radicals with luminol, has results comparable with PCL for the determination of non-enzymic water- and lipid-soluble antioxidants, SOD activity and oxidative modification of proteins. In contrast to PCL, it is possible to use any luminometer with a heatable measuring cell and to investigate coloured samples. While the new method has an overall higher sensitivity and is scalable to microtitre plates, PCL measurements can be made at different pH. The advantages and analytical information content of certain components of the integral antioxidative capacity of blood plasma are discussed in comparison with other methods.
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Affiliation(s)
- I Popov
- Research Institute for Antioxidant Therapy GmbH, Berlin, Germany.
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Affiliation(s)
- Grzegorz Bartosz
- Department of Molecular Biophysics, University of Lódź, Lódź, Poland
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