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Oka A, Hadano S, Ueda MT, Nakagawa S, Komaki G, Ando T. Rare CRHR2 and GRM8 variants identified as candidate factors associated with eating disorders in Japanese patients by whole exome sequencing. Heliyon 2024; 10:e28643. [PMID: 38644811 PMCID: PMC11031761 DOI: 10.1016/j.heliyon.2024.e28643] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/11/2023] [Revised: 03/15/2024] [Accepted: 03/21/2024] [Indexed: 04/23/2024] Open
Abstract
Eating disorders (EDs) are a type of psychiatric disorder characterized by pathological eating and related behavior and considered to be highly heritable. The purpose of this study was to explore rare variants expected to display biological functions associated with the etiology of EDs. We performed whole exome sequencing (WES) of affected sib-pairs corresponding to disease subtype through their lifetime and their parents. From those results, rare single nucleotide variants (SNVs) concordant with sib-pairs were extracted and estimated to be most deleterious in the examined families. Two non-synonymous SNVs located on corticotropin-releasing hormone receptor 2 (CRHR2) and glutamate metabotropic receptor 8 (GRM8) were identified as candidate disease susceptibility factors. The SNV of CRHR2 was included within the cholesterol binding motif of the transmembrane helix region, while the SNV of GRM8 was found to contribute to hydrogen bonds for an α-helix structure. CRHR2 plays important roles in the serotoninergic system of dorsal raphe nuclei, which is involved with feeding and stress-coping behavior, whereas GRM8 modulates glutamatergic neurotransmission. Moreover, GRM8 modulates glutamatergic neurotransmission, and is also considered to have effects on dopaminergic and adrenergic neurotransmission. Thus, identification of rare and deleterious variants in this study is expected to increase understanding and treatment of affected individuals. Further investigation regarding the biological function of these variants may provide an opportunity to elucidate the pathogenesis of EDs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Akira Oka
- Department of Molecular Life Sciences, Division of Basic Medical Science and Molecular Medicine, Tokai University School of Medicine, 143 Shimokasuya, Isehara, Kanagawa, 259-1193, Japan
- The Institute of Medical Sciences, Tokai University, 143 Shimokasuya, Isehara, Kanagawa, 259-1193, Japan
| | - Shinji Hadano
- The Institute of Medical Sciences, Tokai University, 143 Shimokasuya, Isehara, Kanagawa, 259-1193, Japan
- Department of Physiology, Tokai University School of Medicine, 143 Shimokasuya, Isehara, Kanagawa, 259-1193, Japan
- Micro/Nano Technology Center, Tokai University, Hiratsuka, Kanagawa, 259-1292, Japan
| | - Mahoko Takahashi Ueda
- Department of Genomic Function and Diversity, Medical Research Institute, Tokyo Medical and Dental University, Bunkyo, Tokyo, 113-8510, Japan
| | - So Nakagawa
- Department of Molecular Life Sciences, Division of Basic Medical Science and Molecular Medicine, Tokai University School of Medicine, 143 Shimokasuya, Isehara, Kanagawa, 259-1193, Japan
- The Institute of Medical Sciences, Tokai University, 143 Shimokasuya, Isehara, Kanagawa, 259-1193, Japan
- Micro/Nano Technology Center, Tokai University, Hiratsuka, Kanagawa, 259-1292, Japan
| | - Gen Komaki
- Faculty of Medical Science, Fukuoka International University of Health and Welfare, Momochihama, Sawara-ku, Fukuoka, 814-0001, Japan
| | - Tetsuya Ando
- Department of Psychosomatic Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, School of Medicine, International University of Health and Welfare, 4-3 Kozunomori, Narita, Chiba, 286-8686, Japan
- Department of Behavioral Medicine, National Institute of Mental Health, National Center of Neurology and Psychiatry, 4-1-1 Ogawa-higashi, Kodaira, Tokyo, 187-8553, Japan
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Paola Caminiti S, Gallo S, Menegon F, Naldi A, Comi C, Tondo G. Lifestyle Modulators of Neuroplasticity in Parkinson's Disease: Evidence in Human Neuroimaging Studies. CNS & NEUROLOGICAL DISORDERS DRUG TARGETS 2024; 23:602-613. [PMID: 37326116 DOI: 10.2174/1871527322666230616121213] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/28/2022] [Revised: 04/25/2023] [Accepted: 05/17/2023] [Indexed: 06/17/2023]
Abstract
Parkinson's disease (PD) is a neurodegenerative disease characterized by both motor and non-motor symptoms. A progressive neuronal loss and the consequent clinical impairment lead to deleterious effects on daily living and quality of life. Despite effective symptomatic therapeutic approaches, no disease-modifying therapies are currently available. Emerging evidence suggests that adopting a healthy lifestyle can improve the quality of life of PD patients. In addition, modulating lifestyle factors can positively affect the microstructural and macrostructural brain levels, corresponding to clinical improvement. Neuroimaging studies may help to identify the mechanisms through which physical exercise, dietary changes, cognitive enrichment, and exposure to substances modulate neuroprotection. All these factors have been associated with a modified risk of developing PD, with attenuation or exacerbation of motor and non-motor symptomatology, and possibly with structural and molecular changes. In the present work, we review the current knowledge on how lifestyle factors influence PD development and progression and the neuroimaging evidence for the brain structural, functional, and molecular changes induced by the adoption of positive or negative lifestyle behaviours.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Silvia Gallo
- Neurology Unit, Department of Translational Medicine, Movement Disorders Centre, University of Piemonte Orientale, 28100 Novara, Italy
| | - Federico Menegon
- Neurology Unit, Department of Translational Medicine, Movement Disorders Centre, University of Piemonte Orientale, 28100 Novara, Italy
| | - Andrea Naldi
- Neurology Unit, San Giovanni Bosco Hospital, 10154 Turin, Italy
| | - Cristoforo Comi
- Neurology Unit, Department of Translational Medicine, S. Andrea Hospital, University of Piemonte Orientale, 13100 Vercelli, Italy
| | - Giacomo Tondo
- Neurology Unit, Department of Translational Medicine, S. Andrea Hospital, University of Piemonte Orientale, 13100 Vercelli, Italy
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Cui S, Jiang P, Cheng Y, Cai H, Zhu J, Yu Y. Molecular mechanisms underlying resting-state brain functional correlates of behavioral inhibition. Neuroimage 2023; 283:120415. [PMID: 37863277 DOI: 10.1016/j.neuroimage.2023.120415] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/25/2023] [Revised: 09/22/2023] [Accepted: 10/18/2023] [Indexed: 10/22/2023] Open
Abstract
Previous literature has established the presence of sex differences in behavioral inhibition as well as its neural substrates and related disease risk. However, there is limited evidence that speaks directly to the question of whether or not there are sex-dependent associations between behavioral inhibition and resting-state brain function and, if so, how they are modulated by the underlying molecular mechanisms. We computed functional connectivity density (FCD) using resting-state functional MRI data to examine their associations with behavioral inhibition ability measured using a Go/No-Go task across a large cohort of 510 healthy young adults. Then, we examined the spatial relationships of the FCD correlates of behavioral inhibition with gene expression and neurotransmitter atlases to explore their potential genetic architecture and neurochemical basis. A significant negative correlation between behavioral inhibition and FCD in the left superior parietal lobule was found in females but not males. Further spatial correlation analyses demonstrated that the identified neural correlates of behavioral inhibition were associated with expression of gene categories predominantly implicating essential components of the cerebral cortex (glial cell, neuron, axon, dendrite, and synapse) and ion channel activity, as well as were linked to the serotonergic system. Our findings may not only yield important insights into the molecular mechanisms underlying the female-specific neural substrates of behavioral inhibition, but also provide a critical context for understanding how biological sex might contribute to variation in behavioral inhibition and its related disease risk.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shunshun Cui
- Department of Radiology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Anhui Medical University, Hefei 230022, China; Research Center of Clinical Medical Imaging, Anhui Province, Hefei 230032, China; Anhui Provincial Institute of Translational Medicine, Hefei 230032, China
| | - Ping Jiang
- Department of Radiology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Anhui Medical University, Hefei 230022, China; Research Center of Clinical Medical Imaging, Anhui Province, Hefei 230032, China; Anhui Provincial Institute of Translational Medicine, Hefei 230032, China
| | - Yan Cheng
- Department of Radiology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Anhui Medical University, Hefei 230022, China; Research Center of Clinical Medical Imaging, Anhui Province, Hefei 230032, China; Anhui Provincial Institute of Translational Medicine, Hefei 230032, China
| | - Huanhuan Cai
- Department of Radiology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Anhui Medical University, Hefei 230022, China; Research Center of Clinical Medical Imaging, Anhui Province, Hefei 230032, China; Anhui Provincial Institute of Translational Medicine, Hefei 230032, China
| | - Jiajia Zhu
- Department of Radiology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Anhui Medical University, Hefei 230022, China; Research Center of Clinical Medical Imaging, Anhui Province, Hefei 230032, China; Anhui Provincial Institute of Translational Medicine, Hefei 230032, China.
| | - Yongqiang Yu
- Department of Radiology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Anhui Medical University, Hefei 230022, China; Research Center of Clinical Medical Imaging, Anhui Province, Hefei 230032, China; Anhui Provincial Institute of Translational Medicine, Hefei 230032, China.
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De Felice B, De Pascalis F, Manenti R, Pavlovic R, di Cesare F, Nasti R, Beretta G, Parolini M. Differential biochemical and behavioral responses induced by cocaine and benzoylecgonine exposure to the red swamp crayfish Procambarus clarkii. THE SCIENCE OF THE TOTAL ENVIRONMENT 2022; 844:157025. [PMID: 35777565 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2022.157025] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/14/2022] [Revised: 05/28/2022] [Accepted: 06/24/2022] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Abstract
Cocaine (COC) and its main metabolite, the benzoylecgonine (BE), are the main illicit drugs measured in aquatic system worldwide, with concentrations up to hundreds of ng/L. Although their current environmental concentrations are low these molecules can induce adverse effects at sub-individual level in non-target organisms. In contrast, the information at individual and behavioral level are still scant. The present study aimed at investigating biochemical and behavioral effects induced by 14-days exposure to environmentally relevant concentrations (50 ng/L and 500 ng/L) of COC and BE towards Procambarus clarkii. At sub-individual level, the activity of antioxidant and detoxifying (superoxide dismutase - SOD, catalase - CAT, glutathione peroxidase - GPx and glutathione S-transferases - GST) enzymes, as well as the levels of lipid peroxidation (LPO), were measured as oxidative stress-related endpoints. We also measured the acetylcholinesterase (AChE) activity to check for neurotoxic effect of COC and BE. At individual level, the modulation of some behavioral tasks (i.e., response to external stimuli, changes in feeding activity and exploration of a new environment) were assessed. Although both COC and BE exposure did not induce an oxidative stress situation, a significant inhibition of AChE activity was noted, resulting in behavioral changes in crayfish exposed to COC only. Crayfish exposed to the higher COC concentration showed an increase in the boldness and a decrease in the feeding activity, suggesting that COC may act according to its psychotropic mode of action.
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Affiliation(s)
- Beatrice De Felice
- University of Milan, Department of Environmental Science and Policy, Via Celoria 26, I-20133 Milan, Italy.
| | - Federico De Pascalis
- University of Milan, Department of Environmental Science and Policy, Via Celoria 26, I-20133 Milan, Italy
| | - Raoul Manenti
- University of Milan, Department of Environmental Science and Policy, Via Celoria 26, I-20133 Milan, Italy
| | - Radmila Pavlovic
- University of Milan, Department of Veterinary Medicine and Animal Science, Via dell'Università 6, I-26900 Lodi, Italy
| | - Federica di Cesare
- University of Milan, Department of Veterinary Medicine and Animal Science, Via dell'Università 6, I-26900 Lodi, Italy
| | - Rita Nasti
- University of Milan, Department of Environmental Science and Policy, Via Celoria 26, I-20133 Milan, Italy
| | - Giangiacomo Beretta
- University of Milan, Department of Environmental Science and Policy, Via Celoria 26, I-20133 Milan, Italy
| | - Marco Parolini
- University of Milan, Department of Environmental Science and Policy, Via Celoria 26, I-20133 Milan, Italy
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Wang X, Chen B, Jin L, Zhang W, Liu Y. Eight years follow-up of a generalized epilepsy patient with eating-induced late-onset epileptic spasms and atypical absence with myoclonic jerks. Brain Dev 2021; 43:160-165. [PMID: 32792174 DOI: 10.1016/j.braindev.2020.07.018] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/09/2020] [Revised: 07/22/2020] [Accepted: 07/27/2020] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
PURPOSE Eating epilepsy was previously known as a kind of focal reflex epilepsy. However, the development of eating-induced multiple generalized seizures and the associated EEG changes were rarely reported. Herein, we present a 13-year-old generalized epilepsy patient with eating-induced generalized seizures since the age of 5. CASE PRESENTATION The 13-year-old male patient had suffered from late-onset eating-induced epileptic spasms during the meal since the age of 5. Meanwhile, he also experienced spontaneous epileptic spasms during the period of sleep. The seizure frequency and type gradually increased from 7 years of age. In addition to epileptic spasms, he started experiencing atypical absence with myoclonic jerks during the meal. Ictal EEG presented as the appearance of an irregular slow-wave mixed with generalized polyspike wave with the intake of food, and gradually evolved to bursts of generalized polyspike wave complexes. At the end of the meal, the EEG returned to normal. Nevertheless, at the age of 13, his seizure frequency increased and appeared new seizure type, and besides epileptic spasm and atypical absence, he began to experience myoclonic seizure during sleep and awaking-generalized tonic-clonic seizure in the morning. In this period he started taking valproic acid, topiramate and clonazepam, and his seizure frequency was reduced. CONCLUSION In conclusion, this case demonstrated the variability of eating induced multiple generalized seizure types, and eight years follow-up also indicates that generalized epilepsy progressed with age. The EEG and clinical changes of our patient contribute to a better understanding of the electro-clinical features of eating-induced multiple generalized seizures and the course of generalized epilepsy with such seizures.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiaoli Wang
- Epilepsy and Sleep Disorders Unit, Department of Neurology, Xijing Hospital, Air Force Military Medical University, Xi'an, China
| | - Beibei Chen
- Epilepsy and Sleep Disorders Unit, Department of Neurology, Xijing Hospital, Air Force Military Medical University, Xi'an, China
| | - Lang Jin
- Epilepsy and Sleep Disorders Unit, Department of Neurology, Xijing Hospital, Air Force Military Medical University, Xi'an, China
| | - Wenjuan Zhang
- Epilepsy and Sleep Disorders Unit, Department of Neurology, Xijing Hospital, Air Force Military Medical University, Xi'an, China
| | - Yonghong Liu
- Epilepsy and Sleep Disorders Unit, Department of Neurology, Xijing Hospital, Air Force Military Medical University, Xi'an, China.
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Fertan E, Stover KR, Brant MG, Stafford PM, Kelly B, Diez-Cecilia E, Wong AA, Weaver DF, Brown RE. Effects of the Novel IDO Inhibitor DWG-1036 on the Behavior of Male and Female 3xTg-AD Mice. Front Pharmacol 2019; 10:1044. [PMID: 31607909 PMCID: PMC6773979 DOI: 10.3389/fphar.2019.01044] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/04/2019] [Accepted: 08/16/2019] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
The kynurenine pathway metabolizes tryptophan into nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide, producing a number of intermediary metabolites, including 3-hydroxy kynurenine and quinolinic acid, which are involved in the neurodegenerative mechanisms that underlie Alzheimer's disease (AD). Indolamine 2,3-dioxygenase (IDO), the first and rate-limiting enzyme of this pathway, is increased in AD, and it has been hypothesized that blocking this enzyme may slow the progression of AD. In this study, we treated male and female 3xTg-AD and wild-type mice with the novel IDO inhibitor DWG-1036 (80 mg/kg) or vehicle (distilled water) from 2 to 6 months of age and then tested them in a battery of behavioral tests that measured spatial learning and memory (Barnes maze), working memory (trace fear conditioning), motor coordination and learning (rotarod), anxiety (elevated plus maze), and depression (tail suspension test). The 3xTg-AD mice treated with DWG-1036 showed better memory in the trace fear conditioning task and significant improvements in learning but poorer spatial memory in the Barnes maze. DWG-1036 treatment also ameliorated the behaviors associated with increased anxiety in the elevated plus maze and depression-like behaviors in the tail suspension test in 3xTg-AD mice. However, the effects of DWG-1036 treatment on the behavioral tasks were variable, and sex differences were apparent. In addition, high doses of DWG-1036 resulted in reduced body weight, particularly in females. Taken together, our results suggest that the kynurenine pathway is a promising target for treating AD, but more work is needed to determine the effective compounds, examine sex differences, and understand the side effects of the compounds.
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Affiliation(s)
- Emre Fertan
- Department of Psychology and Neuroscience, Dalhousie University, Halifax, NS, Canada
| | - Kurt R.J. Stover
- Krembil Research Institute, University Health Network, Toronto, ON, Canada
| | - Michael G. Brant
- Krembil Research Institute, University Health Network, Toronto, ON, Canada
| | - Paul M. Stafford
- Krembil Research Institute, University Health Network, Toronto, ON, Canada
| | - Brendan Kelly
- Krembil Research Institute, University Health Network, Toronto, ON, Canada
| | - Elena Diez-Cecilia
- Krembil Research Institute, University Health Network, Toronto, ON, Canada
| | - Aimée A. Wong
- Department of Psychology and Neuroscience, Dalhousie University, Halifax, NS, Canada
| | - Donald F. Weaver
- Krembil Research Institute, University Health Network, Toronto, ON, Canada
| | - Richard E. Brown
- Department of Psychology and Neuroscience, Dalhousie University, Halifax, NS, Canada
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Yardimci A, Ulker N, Bulmus O, Kaya N, Colakoglu N, Ozcan M, Canpolat S, Kelestimur H. Effects of long‐term paroxetine or bupropion treatment on puberty onset, reproductive and feeding parameters in adolescent male rats. Andrologia 2019; 51:e13268. [DOI: 10.1111/and.13268] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/17/2018] [Revised: 02/07/2019] [Accepted: 02/22/2019] [Indexed: 01/08/2023] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Ahmet Yardimci
- Department of Physiology, Faculty of Medicine Firat University Elazig Turkey
| | - Nazife Ulker
- Department of Physiology, Faculty of Medicine Firat University Elazig Turkey
| | - Ozgur Bulmus
- Department of Physiology, Faculty of Medicine Firat University Elazig Turkey
| | - Nalan Kaya
- Department of Histology and Embryology, Faculty of Medicine Firat University Elazig Turkey
| | - Neriman Colakoglu
- Department of Histology and Embryology, Faculty of Medicine Firat University Elazig Turkey
| | - Mete Ozcan
- Department of Biophysics, Faculty of Medicine Firat University Elazig Turkey
| | - Sinan Canpolat
- Department of Physiology, Faculty of Medicine Firat University Elazig Turkey
| | - Haluk Kelestimur
- Department of Physiology, Faculty of Medicine Firat University Elazig Turkey
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Timm K, Van Oers K, Tilgar V. SERT gene polymorphisms are associated with risk-taking behaviour and breeding parameters in wild great tits. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2018; 221:jeb.171595. [PMID: 29361593 DOI: 10.1242/jeb.171595] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/05/2017] [Accepted: 01/03/2018] [Indexed: 11/20/2022]
Abstract
Individual differences in coping with potentially dangerous situations are affected by a combination of genetic and environmental factors. How genetic polymorphisms and behavioural variations are related to fitness is unknown. One of the candidate genes affecting a variety of behavioural processes, including impulsivity, anxiety and mood fluctuations in both humans and other vertebrates, is the serotonin transporter gene (SERT/SLC6A). The aim of this study was to assess an association between SERT genotypes and novelty-seeking and risk-taking behaviours as well as breeding parameters of great tits (Parus major) in a natural environment. We associated polymorphisms in the promoter exonic regions of the SERT gene with parental risk-taking-related behaviour and fitness traits. Our results show that: (1) risk-taking behaviour in our great tit population is linked to single nucleotide polymorphisms in the SERT gene exon 3 and exon 8; (2) the genotype-behaviour associations are consistent with the presence of different stressors; and (3) polymorphisms in exon 8 could be associated with fitness-related traits, such as the start of egg-laying and hatching success. We showed for the first time that genetic variability of SERT plays an important role in shaping individual decision-making that affects fitness in a wild population. However, the results are based on one population and on the polymorphisms that are in a single gene. Therefore, replication studies are needed in order to confirm these preliminary results.
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Affiliation(s)
- Killu Timm
- University of Tartu, Vanemuise 46, Tartu 51101, Estonia
| | - Kees Van Oers
- University of Tartu, Vanemuise 46, Tartu 51101, Estonia
| | - Vallo Tilgar
- University of Tartu, Vanemuise 46, Tartu 51101, Estonia
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Bruschetta G, Medica P, Fazio E, Cravana C, Ferlazzo AM. The effect of training sessions and feeding regimes on neuromodulator role of serotonin, tryptophan, and β-endorphin of horses. J Vet Behav 2018. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jveb.2017.11.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/31/2023]
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10
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Lacerda DC, Manhães-de-Castro R, Ferraz-Pereira KN, Toscano AE. Does l-Tryptophan supplementation reduce chewing deficits in an experimental model of cerebral palsy? Nutr Neurosci 2017; 22:373-374. [PMID: 29058562 DOI: 10.1080/1028415x.2017.1391934] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/18/2022]
Abstract
Children with cerebral palsy commonly present with feeding difficulties that result from multiple orofacial sequelae, especially deficits in mastication. A previous study demonstrated that perinatal protein undernutrition accentuated the chewing impact in an experimental model of cerebral palsy. Therefore, the present study investigated whether nutritional manipulation reversed or minimized the chewing sequelae in cerebral palsy. We emphasized the relevance of evaluating the therapeutic potential of nutrients, especially tryptophan supplementation, to reduce the chewing deficits that are typical of this syndrome. Clarification of the role of nutrients may help in the development of new treatment strategies for these children.
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Affiliation(s)
- Diego Cabral Lacerda
- a Post Graduate Program in Nutrition , Federal University of Pernambuco , 50670-901 Recife , PE , Brazil
| | - Raul Manhães-de-Castro
- b Department of Nutrition , Federal University of Pernambuco , 50670-901 Recife , PE , Brazil
| | - Kelli Nogueira Ferraz-Pereira
- c Department of Physical Education and Sports Science, CAV , Federal University of Pernambuco , 55608-680 Vitória de Santo Antão , PE , Brazil
| | - Ana Elisa Toscano
- d Department of Nursing, CAV , Federal University of Pernambuco , 55608-680 Vitória de Santo Antão , PE , Brazil
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A High-Resolution In Vivo Atlas of the Human Brain's Serotonin System. J Neurosci 2017; 37:120-128. [PMID: 28053035 DOI: 10.1523/jneurosci.2830-16.2016] [Citation(s) in RCA: 208] [Impact Index Per Article: 29.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/08/2016] [Revised: 11/08/2016] [Accepted: 11/12/2016] [Indexed: 02/08/2023] Open
Abstract
The serotonin (5-hydroxytryptamine, 5-HT) system modulates many important brain functions and is critically involved in many neuropsychiatric disorders. Here, we present a high-resolution, multidimensional, in vivo atlas of four of the human brain's 5-HT receptors (5-HT1A, 5-HT1B, 5-HT2A, and 5-HT4) and the 5-HT transporter (5-HTT). The atlas is created from molecular and structural high-resolution neuroimaging data consisting of positron emission tomography (PET) and magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) scans acquired in a total of 210 healthy individuals. Comparison of the regional PET binding measures with postmortem human brain autoradiography outcomes showed a high correlation for the five 5-HT targets and this enabled us to transform the atlas to represent protein densities (in picomoles per milliliter). We also assessed the regional association between protein concentration and mRNA expression in the human brain by comparing the 5-HT density across the atlas with data from the Allen Human Brain atlas and identified receptor- and transporter-specific associations that show the regional relation between the two measures. Together, these data provide unparalleled insight into the serotonin system of the human brain. SIGNIFICANCE STATEMENT We present a high-resolution positron emission tomography (PET)- and magnetic resonance imaging-based human brain atlas of important serotonin receptors and the transporter. The regional PET-derived binding measures correlate strongly with the corresponding autoradiography protein levels. The strong correlation enables the transformation of the PET-derived human brain atlas into a protein density map of the serotonin (5-hydroxytryptamine, 5-HT) system. Next, we compared the regional receptor/transporter protein densities with mRNA levels and uncovered unique associations between protein expression and density at high detail. This new in vivo neuroimaging atlas of the 5-HT system not only provides insight in the human brain's regional protein synthesis, transport, and density, but also represents a valuable source of information for the neuroscience community as a comparative instrument to assess brain disorders.
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Clarifying the Ghrelin System's Ability to Regulate Feeding Behaviours Despite Enigmatic Spatial Separation of the GHSR and Its Endogenous Ligand. Int J Mol Sci 2017; 18:ijms18040859. [PMID: 28422060 PMCID: PMC5412441 DOI: 10.3390/ijms18040859] [Citation(s) in RCA: 43] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/27/2017] [Revised: 04/04/2017] [Accepted: 04/11/2017] [Indexed: 12/23/2022] Open
Abstract
Ghrelin is a hormone predominantly produced in and secreted from the stomach. Ghrelin is involved in many physiological processes including feeding, the stress response, and in modulating learning, memory and motivational processes. Ghrelin does this by binding to its receptor, the growth hormone secretagogue receptor (GHSR), a receptor found in relatively high concentrations in hypothalamic and mesolimbic brain regions. While the feeding and metabolic effects of ghrelin can be explained by the effects of this hormone on regions of the brain that have a more permeable blood brain barrier (BBB), ghrelin produced within the periphery demonstrates a limited ability to reach extrahypothalamic regions where GHSRs are expressed. Therefore, one of the most pressing unanswered questions plaguing ghrelin research is how GHSRs, distributed in brain regions protected by the BBB, are activated despite ghrelin’s predominant peripheral production and poor ability to transverse the BBB. This manuscript will describe how peripheral ghrelin activates central GHSRs to encourage feeding, and how central ghrelin synthesis and ghrelin independent activation of GHSRs may also contribute to the modulation of feeding behaviours.
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13
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Bruschetta G, Fazio E, Cravana C, Ferlazzo A. Effects of partial versus complete separation after weaning on plasma serotonin, tryptophan and pituitary-adrenal pattern of Anglo-Arabian foals. Livest Sci 2017. [DOI: 10.1016/j.livsci.2017.02.025] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
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14
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Solari P, Rivelli N, De Rose F, Picciau L, Murru L, Stoffolano JG, Liscia A. Opposite effects of 5-HT/AKH and octopamine on the crop contractions in adult Drosophila melanogaster: Evidence of a double brain-gut serotonergic circuitry. PLoS One 2017; 12:e0174172. [PMID: 28334024 PMCID: PMC5363830 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0174172] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/16/2016] [Accepted: 03/03/2017] [Indexed: 01/29/2023] Open
Abstract
This study showed that in adult Drosophila melanogaster, the type of sugar-either present within the crop lumen or in the bathing solution of the crop-had no effect on crop muscle contraction. What is important, however, is the volume within the crop lumen. Electrophysiological recordings demonstrated that exogenous applications of serotonin on crop muscles increases both the amplitude and the frequency of crop contraction rate, while adipokinetic hormone mainly enhances the crop contraction frequency. Conversely, octopamine virtually silenced the overall crop activity. The present study reports for the first time an analysis of serotonin effects along the gut-brain axis in adult D. melanogaster. Injection of serotonin into the brain between the interocellar area shows that brain applications of serotonin decrease the frequency of crop activity. Based on our results, we propose that there are two different, opposite pathways for crop motility control governed by serotonin: excitatory when added in the abdomen (i.e., directly bathing the crop) and inhibitory when supplied within the brain (i.e., by injection). Finally, our results point to a double brain-gut serotonergic circuitry suggesting that not only the brain can affect gut functions, but the gut can also affect the central nervous system. On the basis of our results, and data in the literature, a possible mechanism for these two discrete serotonergic functions is suggested.
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Affiliation(s)
- Paolo Solari
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, University of Cagliari, University Campus, S.P. 8, Monserrato (CA), Italy
| | - Nicholas Rivelli
- Stockbridge School of Agriculture, College of Natural Sciences, University of Massachusetts, Amherst, MA, United States of America
| | - Francescaelena De Rose
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, University of Cagliari, University Campus, S.P. 8, Monserrato (CA), Italy
| | - Lorenzo Picciau
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, University of Cagliari, University Campus, S.P. 8, Monserrato (CA), Italy
| | - Ludovico Murru
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, University of Cagliari, University Campus, S.P. 8, Monserrato (CA), Italy
| | - John G. Stoffolano
- Stockbridge School of Agriculture, College of Natural Sciences, University of Massachusetts, Amherst, MA, United States of America
| | - Anna Liscia
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, University of Cagliari, University Campus, S.P. 8, Monserrato (CA), Italy
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15
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Ro J, Pak G, Malec PA, Lyu Y, Allison DB, Kennedy RT, Pletcher SD. Serotonin signaling mediates protein valuation and aging. eLife 2016; 5. [PMID: 27572262 PMCID: PMC5005037 DOI: 10.7554/elife.16843] [Citation(s) in RCA: 39] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/11/2016] [Accepted: 07/20/2016] [Indexed: 01/15/2023] Open
Abstract
Research into how protein restriction improves organismal health and lengthens lifespan has largely focused on cell-autonomous processes. In certain instances, however, nutrient effects on lifespan are independent of consumption, leading us to test the hypothesis that central, cell non-autonomous processes are important protein restriction regulators. We characterized a transient feeding preference for dietary protein after modest starvation in the fruit fly, Drosophila melanogaster, and identified tryptophan hydroxylase (Trh), serotonin receptor 2a (5HT2a), and the solute carrier 7-family amino acid transporter, JhI-21, as required for this preference through their role in establishing protein value. Disruption of any one of these genes increased lifespan up to 90% independent of food intake suggesting the perceived value of dietary protein is a critical determinant of its effect on lifespan. Evolutionarily conserved neuromodulatory systems that define neural states of nutrient demand and reward are therefore sufficient to control aging and physiology independent of food consumption. DOI:http://dx.doi.org/10.7554/eLife.16843.001 Limiting the amount of protein eaten, while still eating enough to avoid starving, has an unexpected effect: it can slow down aging and extend the lifespan in many animals from flies to mice. Previous work suggests that how an animal perceives food can also influence how fast the animal ages. For example, both flies and worms actually have shorter lifespans if their food intake is reduced when they can still “smell” food in their environment. However, the sensory cues that trigger changes in lifespan and the molecular mechanisms behind these effects are largely unknown. Ro et al. therefore asked whether fruit flies recognize protein in their food, and if so, whether such a recognition system would influence how the flies age. Flies that had been deprived of food for a brief period tended to eat more protein than other flies that had not been starved. Ro et al. then revealed that serotonin, a brain chemical that can alter the activity of nerve cells, plays a key role in how fruit flies decide to feed specifically on foods that contain protein. Further experiments revealed also that flies age faster when they are allowed to interact with protein in their diet independently from other nutrients, despite eating the same amount. Disrupting any of several components involved in serotonin signaling protected the flies from this effect and led to them living almost twice as long under these conditions. Ro et al. propose that the components of the recognition system work together to determine the reward associated with consuming protein by enhancing how much an animal values the protein in its food. As such, it is this protein reward or value – rather than just eating protein itself – that influences how quickly the fly ages. Further work is now needed to understand how the brain mechanisms that allow animals to perceive and evaluate food act to control lifespan and aging. DOI:http://dx.doi.org/10.7554/eLife.16843.002
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Affiliation(s)
- Jennifer Ro
- Program in Cellular and Molecular Biology, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, United States
| | - Gloria Pak
- College of Arts and Science, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, United States
| | - Paige A Malec
- Department of Chemistry, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, United States
| | - Yang Lyu
- Department of Molecular and Integrative Physiology, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, United States.,Geriatrics Center, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, United States
| | - David B Allison
- Nutrition Obesity Research Center, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, United States
| | - Robert T Kennedy
- Department of Chemistry, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, United States
| | - Scott D Pletcher
- Program in Cellular and Molecular Biology, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, United States.,Department of Molecular and Integrative Physiology, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, United States.,Geriatrics Center, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, United States
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16
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Miranda RC, Vetter SB, Genro JP, Campagnolo PD, Mattevi VS, Vitolo MR, Almeida S. SLC6A14 and 5-HTR2C polymorphisms are associated with food intake and nutritional status in children. Clin Biochem 2015; 48:1277-82. [DOI: 10.1016/j.clinbiochem.2015.07.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/13/2015] [Revised: 06/24/2015] [Accepted: 07/02/2015] [Indexed: 10/23/2022]
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17
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Goda R, Otsuka T, Iwamoto A, Kawai M, Shibata S, Furuse M, Yasuo S. Serotonin levels in the dorsal raphe nuclei of both chipmunks and mice are enhanced by long photoperiod, but brain dopamine level response to photoperiod is species-specific. Neurosci Lett 2015; 593:95-100. [PMID: 25797183 DOI: 10.1016/j.neulet.2015.03.035] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/29/2015] [Revised: 03/13/2015] [Accepted: 03/18/2015] [Indexed: 11/27/2022]
Abstract
Seasonal affective disorder (SAD) is a subtype of major depressive or bipolar disorders associated with the shortened photoperiod in winter. This depressive disorder is integrally tied to the seasonal regulation of the brain's serotonergic system. Recently, we found that C57BL/6J mice subjected to a forced-swim test exhibited immobility, a photoperiod-dependent depression-associated behavior, and suppression of brain serotonin levels. However, mice are nocturnal animals, and it is unclear whether the brain serotonergic system responds similarly to photoperiod in nocturnal and diurnal species. This study compared the responses of brain serotonergic and dopaminergic systems to photoperiod in diurnal chipmunks and nocturnal C57BL/6J mice. In both species, serotonin levels in the dorsal raphe nuclei were higher under long-day conditions than short-day conditions, suggesting a similarity in the photoperiod responses of the serotonergic systems. However, photoperiod affected dopamine levels in various brain regions differently in the two species. Some chipmunk brain regions exhibited stronger photoperiod-induced changes in dopamine levels than those of C57BL/6J mice, and the direction of the changes in the hypothalamus was opposite. In conclusion, photoperiod may regulate the brain serotonergic system through similar mechanisms, regardless of whether the animals are diurnal or nocturnal, but photoperiod-dependent regulation of brain dopamine is species-specific.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ryosei Goda
- Laboratory of Regulation in Metabolism and Behavior, Faculty of Agriculture, Kyushu University, Hakozaki 6-10-1, Higashi-ku, Fukuoka 812-8581, Japan
| | - Tsuyoshi Otsuka
- Laboratory of Regulation in Metabolism and Behavior, Faculty of Agriculture, Kyushu University, Hakozaki 6-10-1, Higashi-ku, Fukuoka 812-8581, Japan
| | - Ayaka Iwamoto
- Laboratory of Regulation in Metabolism and Behavior, Faculty of Agriculture, Kyushu University, Hakozaki 6-10-1, Higashi-ku, Fukuoka 812-8581, Japan
| | - Misato Kawai
- Laboratory of Regulation in Metabolism and Behavior, Faculty of Agriculture, Kyushu University, Hakozaki 6-10-1, Higashi-ku, Fukuoka 812-8581, Japan
| | - Satomi Shibata
- Laboratory of Regulation in Metabolism and Behavior, Faculty of Agriculture, Kyushu University, Hakozaki 6-10-1, Higashi-ku, Fukuoka 812-8581, Japan
| | - Mitsuhiro Furuse
- Laboratory of Regulation in Metabolism and Behavior, Faculty of Agriculture, Kyushu University, Hakozaki 6-10-1, Higashi-ku, Fukuoka 812-8581, Japan
| | - Shinobu Yasuo
- Laboratory of Regulation in Metabolism and Behavior, Faculty of Agriculture, Kyushu University, Hakozaki 6-10-1, Higashi-ku, Fukuoka 812-8581, Japan.
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18
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Serotonergic Therapies for Cognitive Symptoms in Alzheimer’s Disease: Rationale and Current Status. Drugs 2014; 74:729-36. [DOI: 10.1007/s40265-014-0217-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 54] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/25/2022]
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19
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Effects of resistant starch on behaviour, satiety-related hormones and metabolites in growing pigs. Animal 2014; 8:1402-11. [DOI: 10.1017/s1751731114001116] [Citation(s) in RCA: 39] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
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20
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Venkatachalam K, Luo J, Montell C. Evolutionarily conserved, multitasking TRP channels: lessons from worms and flies. Handb Exp Pharmacol 2014; 223:937-62. [PMID: 24961975 DOI: 10.1007/978-3-319-05161-1_9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 44] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/23/2022]
Abstract
The Transient Receptor Potential (TRP) channel family is comprised of a large group of cation-permeable channels, which display an extraordinary diversity of roles in sensory signaling. TRPs allow animals to detect chemicals, mechanical force, light, and changes in temperature. Consequently, these channels control a plethora of animal behaviors. Moreover, their functions are not limited to the classical senses, as they are cellular sensors, which are critical for ionic homeostasis and metabolism. Two genetically tractable invertebrate model organisms, Caenorhabditis elegans and Drosophila melanogaster, have led the way in revealing a wide array of sensory roles and behaviors that depend on TRP channels. Two overriding themes have emerged from these studies. First, TRPs are multitasking proteins, and second, many functions and modes of activation of these channels are evolutionarily conserved, including some that were formerly thought to be unique to invertebrates, such as phototransduction. Thus, worms and flies offer the potential to decipher roles for mammalian TRPs, which would otherwise not be suspected.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kartik Venkatachalam
- Department of Integrative Biology and Pharmacology, University of Texas School of Medicine, Houston, TX, 77030, USA,
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21
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Nongonierma AB, Schellekens H, Dinan TG, Cryan JF, FitzGerald RJ. Milk protein hydrolysates activate 5-HT2C serotonin receptors: influence of the starting substrate and isolation of bioactive fractions. Food Funct 2013; 4:728-37. [DOI: 10.1039/c3fo30309h] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/01/2023]
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22
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Liscia A, Solari P, Gibbons ST, Gelperin A, Stoffolano JG. Effect of serotonin and calcium on the supercontractile muscles of the adult blowfly crop. JOURNAL OF INSECT PHYSIOLOGY 2012; 58:356-366. [PMID: 22223038 DOI: 10.1016/j.jinsphys.2011.12.010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/05/2011] [Revised: 12/14/2011] [Accepted: 12/15/2011] [Indexed: 05/28/2023]
Abstract
Bioassays and electrophysiological recordings were conducted to determine the role of serotonin and calcium on the supercontractile pump muscles of the diverticulated crop of adult blowflies. Using in situ crop preparations, serotonin was found to significantly increase the rates of contractions of a specific pump in the crop wall, pump P4. The addition of the serotonin antagonist, mianserin, or calcium free saline, both significantly reduced the contraction rates of this pump. Recordings, using suction electrodes from pump P4, confirm the in situ bioassay data and show that serotonin promotes muscle activity in empty crops in which no pump activity is normally observed. Moreover, our data indicate the crucial role of extracellular calcium ions in crop pump contractile activity. These results provide new information on how the crop of adult dipterans is modulated and suggest that serotonin, possibly supplied by neurons in the thoracico-abdominal neural plexus, may be involved in modulating the pumping of crop contents into the midgut for digestion or triggering antiperistalsis from the foregut in the process known as regurgitation or 'bubbling'.
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Affiliation(s)
- A Liscia
- Department of Experimental Biology, University of Cagliari, Cittadella Universitaria di Monserrato, Monserrato, CA, Italy
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23
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Soares JG, Cavalcanti JR, Oliveira FG, Pontes AL, Sousa TB, Freitas LM, Cavalcante JS, Nascimento ES, Cavalcante JC, Costa MS. Nuclear organization of the serotonergic system in the brain of the rock cavy (Kerodon rupestris). J Chem Neuroanat 2012; 43:112-9. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jchemneu.2012.03.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/23/2011] [Revised: 03/12/2012] [Accepted: 03/12/2012] [Indexed: 11/27/2022]
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