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David-Bercholz J, Kuo CT, Deneen B. Astrocyte and Oligodendrocyte Responses From the Subventricular Zone After Injury. Front Cell Neurosci 2022; 15:797553. [PMID: 35002630 PMCID: PMC8740317 DOI: 10.3389/fncel.2021.797553] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/18/2021] [Accepted: 11/15/2021] [Indexed: 11/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Under normal conditions, neural stem cells (NSCs or B cells) in the adult subventricular zone (SVZ) give rise to amplifying neural progenitor cells (NPCs or C cells), which can produce neuroblasts (or A cells) that migrate to the olfactory bulb and differentiate into new neurons. However, following brain injury, these cells migrate toward the injury site where they differentiate into astrocytes and oligodendrocytes. In this review, we will focus on recent findings that chronicle how astrocytes and oligodendrocytes derived from SVZ-NSCs respond to different types of injury. We will also discuss molecular regulators of SVZ-NSC proliferation and their differentiation into astrocytes and oligodendrocytes. Overall, the goal of this review is to highlight how SVZ-NSCs respond to injury and to summarize the regulatory mechanisms that oversee their glial response. These molecular and cellular processes will provide critical insights needed to develop strategies to promote brain repair following injury using SVZ-NSCs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jennifer David-Bercholz
- Department of Cell Biology, Duke University School of Medicine, Durham, NC, United States.,Department of Anesthesiology, Duke University School of Medicine, Durham, NC, United States
| | - Chay T Kuo
- Department of Cell Biology, Duke University School of Medicine, Durham, NC, United States
| | - Benjamin Deneen
- Center for Cell and Gene Therapy, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX, United States.,Department of Neuroscience, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX, United States.,Department of Neurosurgery, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX, United States
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2
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Hayes CA, Valcarcel-Ares MN, Ashpole NM. Preclinical and clinical evidence of IGF-1 as a prognostic marker and acute intervention with ischemic stroke. J Cereb Blood Flow Metab 2021; 41:2475-2491. [PMID: 33757314 PMCID: PMC8504958 DOI: 10.1177/0271678x211000894] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/04/2023]
Abstract
Ischemic strokes are highly prevalent in the elderly population and are a leading cause of mortality and morbidity worldwide. The risk of ischemic stroke increases in advanced age, corresponding with a noted decrease in circulating insulin growth factor-1 (IGF-1). IGF-1 is a known neuroprotectant involved in embryonic development, neurogenesis, neurotransmission, cognition, and lifespan. Clinically, several studies have shown that reduced levels of IGF-1 correlate with increased mortality rate, poorer functional outcomes, and increased morbidities following an ischemic stroke. In animal models of ischemia, administering exogenous IGF-1 using various routes of administration (intranasal, intravenous, subcutaneous, or topical) at various time points prior to and following insult attenuates neurological damage and accompanying behavioral changes caused by ischemia. However, there are some contrasting findings in select clinical and preclinical studies. This review discusses the role of IGF-1 as a determinant factor of ischemic stroke outcomes, both within the clinical settings and preclinical animal models. Furthermore, the review provides insight on the role of IGF-1 in mechanisms and cellular processes that contribute to stroke damage.
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Affiliation(s)
- Cellas A Hayes
- Department of BioMolecular Sciences, School of Pharmacy, University of Mississippi, Mississippi, USA
| | - M Noa Valcarcel-Ares
- Department of BioMolecular Sciences, School of Pharmacy, University of Mississippi, Mississippi, USA
| | - Nicole M Ashpole
- Department of BioMolecular Sciences, School of Pharmacy, University of Mississippi, Mississippi, USA.,Research Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences, School of Pharmacy, University of Mississippi, University, Mississippi, USA
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3
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Pisani F, Fusco C, Nagarajan L, Spagnoli C. Acute symptomatic neonatal seizures, brain injury, and long-term outcome: The role of neuroprotective strategies. Expert Rev Neurother 2020; 21:189-203. [PMID: 33176104 DOI: 10.1080/14737175.2021.1848547] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/30/2022]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Neonatal seizures are frequent but underdiagnosed manifestations of acute brain dysfunction and an important contributor to unfavorable outcomes. Etiology and severity of brain injury are the single strongest outcome determinants. AREAS COVERED The authors will discuss the prognostic role of acute symptomatic seizures versus brain injury and the main neuroprotective and neurorestorative strategies for full-term and preterm infants. EXPERT OPINION Prolonged acute symptomatic seizures likely contribute to long-term outcomes by independently adding further brain injury to initial insults. Correct timing and dosing of therapeutic interventions, depending on etiology and gestational ages, need careful evaluation. Although promising strategies are under study, the only standard of care is whole-body therapeutic hypothermia in full-term newborns with hypoxic-ischemic encephalopathy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Francesco Pisani
- Child Neuropsychiatric Unit, Medicine and Surgery Department, University of Parma , Parma, Italy
| | - Carlo Fusco
- Child Neurology Unit, Department of Paediatrics, Azienda USL-IRCCS Di Reggio Emilia , Reggio Emilia, Italy
| | - Lakshmi Nagarajan
- Department of Neurology, Perth Children's Hospital, University of Western Australia , Perth, Australia
| | - Carlotta Spagnoli
- Child Neurology Unit, Department of Paediatrics, Azienda USL-IRCCS Di Reggio Emilia , Reggio Emilia, Italy
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4
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Sowmithra S, Jain NK, Bhonde R, Datta I. Recovery of Human Embryonic Stem Cells-Derived Neural Progenitors Exposed to Hypoxic-Ischemic-Reperfusion Injury by Indirect Exposure to Wharton’s Jelly Mesenchymal Stem Cells Through Phosphatidyl-inositol-3-Kinase Pathway. Cell Mol Neurobiol. [DOI: 10.1007/s10571-020-01007-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/04/2020] [Accepted: 11/11/2020] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
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5
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Janowska J, Gargas J, Ziemka-Nalecz M, Zalewska T, Sypecka J. Oligodendrocyte Response to Pathophysiological Conditions Triggered by Episode of Perinatal Hypoxia-Ischemia: Role of IGF-1 Secretion by Glial Cells. Mol Neurobiol 2020; 57:4250-4268. [PMID: 32691304 PMCID: PMC7467917 DOI: 10.1007/s12035-020-02015-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/16/2020] [Accepted: 07/08/2020] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
Differentiation of oligodendrocyte progenitors towards myelinating cells is influenced by a plethora of exogenous instructive signals. Insulin-like growth factor 1 (IGF-1) is one of the major factors regulating cell survival, proliferation, and maturation. Recently, there is an ever growing recognition concerning the role of autocrine/paracrine IGF-1 signaling in brain development and metabolism. Since oligodendrocyte functioning is altered after the neonatal hypoxic-ischemic (HI) insult, a question arises if the injury exerts any influence on the IGF-1 secreted by neural cells and how possibly the change in IGF-1 concentration affects oligodendrocyte growth. To quantify the secretory activity of neonatal glial cells, the step-wise approach by sequentially using the in vivo, ex vivo, and in vitro models of perinatal asphyxia was applied. A comparison of the results of in vivo and ex vivo studies allowed evaluating the role of autocrine/paracrine IGF-1 signaling. Accordingly, astroglia were indicated to be the main local source of IGF-1 in the developing brain, and the factor secretion was shown to be significantly upregulated during the first 24 h after the hypoxic-ischemic insult. And conversely, the IGF-1 amounts released by oligodendrocytes and microglia significantly decreased. A morphometric examination of oligodendrocyte differentiation by means of the Sholl analysis showed that the treatment with low IGF-1 doses markedly improved the branching of oligodendroglial cell processes and, in this way, promoted their differentiation. The changes in the IGF-1 amounts in the nervous tissue after HI might contribute to the resulting white matter disorders, observed in newborn children who experienced perinatal asphyxia. Pharmacological modulation of IGF-1 secretion by neural cells could be reasonable solution in studies aimed at searching for therapies alleviating the consequences of perinatal asphyxia.
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Affiliation(s)
- Justyna Janowska
- NeuroRepair Department, Mossakowski Medical Research Centre, Polish Academy of Sciences, 5, A. Pawinskiego Str., 02-106, Warsaw, Poland
| | - Justyna Gargas
- NeuroRepair Department, Mossakowski Medical Research Centre, Polish Academy of Sciences, 5, A. Pawinskiego Str., 02-106, Warsaw, Poland
| | - Malgorzata Ziemka-Nalecz
- NeuroRepair Department, Mossakowski Medical Research Centre, Polish Academy of Sciences, 5, A. Pawinskiego Str., 02-106, Warsaw, Poland
| | - Teresa Zalewska
- NeuroRepair Department, Mossakowski Medical Research Centre, Polish Academy of Sciences, 5, A. Pawinskiego Str., 02-106, Warsaw, Poland
| | - Joanna Sypecka
- NeuroRepair Department, Mossakowski Medical Research Centre, Polish Academy of Sciences, 5, A. Pawinskiego Str., 02-106, Warsaw, Poland.
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6
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Walser M, Svensson J, Karlsson L, Motalleb R, Åberg M, Kuhn HG, Isgaard J, Åberg ND. Growth Hormone and Neuronal Hemoglobin in the Brain-Roles in Neuroprotection and Neurodegenerative Diseases. Front Endocrinol (Lausanne) 2020; 11:606089. [PMID: 33488521 PMCID: PMC7821093 DOI: 10.3389/fendo.2020.606089] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/14/2020] [Accepted: 11/23/2020] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
In recent years, evidence for hemoglobin (Hb) synthesis in both animal and human brains has been accumulating. While circulating Hb originating from cerebral hemorrhage or other conditions is toxic, there is also substantial production of neuronal Hb, which is influenced by conditions such as ischemia and regulated by growth hormone (GH), insulin-like growth factor-I (IGF-I), and other growth factors. In this review, we discuss the possible functions of circulating and brain Hb, mainly the neuronal form, with respect to the neuroprotective activities of GH and IGF-I against ischemia and neurodegenerative diseases. The molecular pathways that link Hb to the GH/IGF-I system are also reviewed, although the limited number of reports on this topic suggests a need for further studies. In summary, GH and/or IGF-I appear to be significant determinants of systemic and local brain Hb concentrations through mediating responses to oxygen and metabolic demand, as part of the neuroprotective effects exerted by GH and IGF-I. The nature and quantity of the latter deserve further exploration in specific experiments.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marion Walser
- Department of Internal Medicine, Institute of Medicine, The Sahlgrenska Academy, University of Gothenburg, Gothenburg, Sweden
- Region Västra Götaland, Sahlgrenska University Hospital, Gothenburg, Sweden
- *Correspondence: Marion Walser,
| | - Johan Svensson
- Department of Internal Medicine, Institute of Medicine, The Sahlgrenska Academy, University of Gothenburg, Gothenburg, Sweden
- Region Västra Götaland, Sahlgrenska University Hospital, Gothenburg, Sweden
| | - Lars Karlsson
- Department of Clinical Neuroscience, Institute of Neuroscience and Physiology, The Sahlgrenska Academy at University of Gothenburg, Gothenburg, Sweden
- The Queen Silvia Children’s Hospital, Sahlgrenska University Hospital, Gothenburg, Sweden
| | - Reza Motalleb
- Department of Clinical Neuroscience, Institute of Neuroscience and Physiology, The Sahlgrenska Academy at University of Gothenburg, Gothenburg, Sweden
| | - Maria Åberg
- Region Västra Götaland, Sahlgrenska University Hospital, Gothenburg, Sweden
- School of Public Health and Community Medicine at University of Gothenburg, Gothenburg, Sweden
| | - H Georg Kuhn
- Department of Clinical Neuroscience, Institute of Neuroscience and Physiology, The Sahlgrenska Academy at University of Gothenburg, Gothenburg, Sweden
- Institute for Public Health, Charité – Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Berlin, Germany
| | - Jörgen Isgaard
- Department of Internal Medicine, Institute of Medicine, The Sahlgrenska Academy, University of Gothenburg, Gothenburg, Sweden
- Region Västra Götaland, Sahlgrenska University Hospital, Gothenburg, Sweden
- Hunter Medical Research Institute, University of Newcastle, Newcastle, NSW, Australia
| | - N David Åberg
- Department of Internal Medicine, Institute of Medicine, The Sahlgrenska Academy, University of Gothenburg, Gothenburg, Sweden
- Region Västra Götaland, Sahlgrenska University Hospital, Gothenburg, Sweden
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Farokhi-Sisakht F, Farhoudi M, Sadigh-Eteghad S, Mahmoudi J, Mohaddes G. Cognitive Rehabilitation Improves Ischemic Stroke-Induced Cognitive Impairment: Role of Growth Factors. J Stroke Cerebrovasc Dis 2019; 28:104299. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jstrokecerebrovasdis.2019.07.015] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/23/2019] [Revised: 06/24/2019] [Accepted: 07/13/2019] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
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Volpe JJ. Dysmaturation of Premature Brain: Importance, Cellular Mechanisms, and Potential Interventions. Pediatr Neurol 2019; 95:42-66. [PMID: 30975474 DOI: 10.1016/j.pediatrneurol.2019.02.016] [Citation(s) in RCA: 154] [Impact Index Per Article: 30.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/30/2019] [Revised: 02/12/2019] [Accepted: 02/19/2019] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
Prematurity, especially preterm birth (less than 32 weeks' gestation), is common and associated with high rates of both survival and neurodevelopmental disability, especially apparent in cognitive spheres. The neuropathological substrate of this disability is now recognized to be related to a variety of dysmaturational disturbances of the brain. These disturbances follow initial brain injury, particularly cerebral white matter injury, and involve many of the extraordinary array of developmental events active in cerebral white and gray matter structures during the premature period. This review delineates these developmental events and the dysmaturational disturbances that occur in premature infants. The cellular mechanisms involved in the genesis of the dysmaturation are emphasized, with particular focus on the preoligodendrocyte. A central role for the diffusely distributed activated microglia and reactive astrocytes in the dysmaturation is now apparent. As these dysmaturational cellular mechanisms appear to occur over a relatively long time window, interventions to prevent or ameliorate the dysmaturation, that is, neurorestorative interventions, seem possible. Such interventions include pharmacologic agents, especially erythropoietin, and particular attention has also been paid to such nutritional factors as quality and source of milk, breastfeeding, polyunsaturated fatty acids, iron, and zinc. Recent studies also suggest a potent role for interventions directed at various experiential factors in the neonatal period and infancy, i.e., provision of optimal auditory and visual exposures, minimization of pain and stress, and a variety of other means of environmental behavioral enrichment, in enhancing brain development.
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Affiliation(s)
- Joseph J Volpe
- Department of Neurology, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts; Department of Pediatric Newborn Medicine, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts.
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9
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Yang Y, Liang S, Li Y, Gao F, Cao Y, Zhao X, Gao G, Li L. Effects of early administration of insulin-like growth factor-1 on cognitive function in septic encephalopathy. Neuropsychiatr Dis Treat 2019; 15:323-337. [PMID: 30774344 PMCID: PMC6353230 DOI: 10.2147/ndt.s190845] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Both protective and therapeutic functions of insulin-like growth factor-1 (IGF-1) in brain injury have been reported, but its effects on cognitive sequelae after septic encephalopathy (SE) remain unclear. MATERIALS AND METHODS This study was divided into three parts, and a septic model was built by cecal ligation and puncture (CLP). First, survival analysis was performed, and IGF-1's effects on long-term cognition and depressive emotion were assessed. Second, the characteristics of IGF-1 function in cognition were evaluated. Finally, cytochrome C, caspase-9, tumor necrosis factor receptor (TNFR), and caspase-8 levels as well as cell apoptosis in the hippocampus were evaluated. RESULTS IGF-1 did not reduce mortality or alleviate depressive symptoms in septic rats, but improved the memory of noxious stimulation and spatial learning and memory. These effects were observed only when IGF-1 was administered within 0-6 hours after CLP. Moreover, cytochrome C and caspase-9 expression levels were increased at 6 hours after CLP in the hippocampus, while TNFR and caspase-8 amounts were not increased until 12 hours after CLP. Cell apoptosis increased at 12 hours after CLP, but was inhibited by IGF-1. CONCLUSION Cognitive impairment in rats recovering from SE is associated with cell apoptosis in the hippocampus. Supplementation of IGF-1 reduces cell apoptosis by preventing the over-expression of cytochrome C and TNFR, and results in improved cognitive function. However, improvement only occurs when IGF-1 is administered at the early stage (within 6 hours) of sepsis. As cytochrome C activation occurs earlier than that of TNFR in this study, cytochrome C may be the main factor inducing apoptosis in early SE.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yang Yang
- Department of Neurosurgery, Tangdu Hospital, Air Force Medical University, Xi'an, Shaanxi Province 710038, China, ;
| | - Shengru Liang
- Department of Endocrinology, Xijing Hospital, Air Force Medical University, Xi'an, Shaanxi Province 710032, China
| | - Yuqian Li
- Department of Neurosurgery, Tangdu Hospital, Air Force Medical University, Xi'an, Shaanxi Province 710038, China, ;
| | - Fei Gao
- Department of Neurosurgery, Tangdu Hospital, Air Force Medical University, Xi'an, Shaanxi Province 710038, China, ;
| | - Yuan Cao
- Department of Neurosurgery, Xijing Hospital, Air Force Medical University, Xi'an, Shaanxi Province 710032, China
| | - Xiaoyu Zhao
- Department of Neurosurgery, The 986th Hospital of Chinese People's Libertation Army, Xi'an, Shaanxi Province 710054, China
| | - Guodong Gao
- Department of Neurosurgery, Tangdu Hospital, Air Force Medical University, Xi'an, Shaanxi Province 710038, China, ;
| | - Lihong Li
- Department of Neurosurgery, Tangdu Hospital, Air Force Medical University, Xi'an, Shaanxi Province 710038, China, ;
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10
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Chew LJ, DeBoy CA. Pharmacological approaches to intervention in hypomyelinating and demyelinating white matter pathology. Neuropharmacology 2016; 110:605-625. [PMID: 26116759 PMCID: PMC4690794 DOI: 10.1016/j.neuropharm.2015.06.008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/19/2014] [Revised: 06/10/2015] [Accepted: 06/17/2015] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Abstract
White matter disease afflicts both developing and mature central nervous systems. Both cell intrinsic and extrinsic dysregulation result in profound changes in cell survival, axonal metabolism and functional performance. Experimental models of developmental white matter (WM) injury and demyelination have not only delineated mechanisms of signaling and inflammation, but have also paved the way for the discovery of pharmacological approaches to intervention. These reagents have been shown to enhance protection of the mature oligodendrocyte cell, accelerate progenitor cell recruitment and/or differentiation, or attenuate pathological stimuli arising from the inflammatory response to injury. Here we highlight reports of studies in the CNS in which compounds, namely peptides, hormones, and small molecule agonists/antagonists, have been used in experimental animal models of demyelination and neonatal brain injury that affect aspects of excitotoxicity, oligodendrocyte development and survival, and progenitor cell function, and which have been demonstrated to attenuate damage and improve WM protection in experimental models of injury. The molecular targets of these agents include growth factor and neurotransmitter receptors, morphogens and their signaling components, nuclear receptors, as well as the processes of iron transport and actin binding. By surveying the current evidence in non-immune targets of both the immature and mature WM, we aim to better understand pharmacological approaches modulating endogenous oligodendroglia that show potential for success in the contexts of developmental and adult WM pathology. This article is part of the Special Issue entitled 'Oligodendrocytes in Health and Disease'.
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Affiliation(s)
- Li-Jin Chew
- Center for Neuroscience Research, Children's Research Institute, Children's National Medical Center, Washington, DC, USA.
| | - Cynthia A DeBoy
- Biology Department, Trinity Washington University, Washington, DC, USA
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Farías JG, Herrera EA, Carrasco-Pozo C, Sotomayor-Zárate R, Cruz G, Morales P, Castillo RL. Pharmacological models and approaches for pathophysiological conditions associated with hypoxia and oxidative stress. Pharmacol Ther 2015; 158:1-23. [PMID: 26617218 DOI: 10.1016/j.pharmthera.2015.11.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 35] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
Hypoxia is the failure of oxygenation at the tissue level, where the reduced oxygen delivered is not enough to satisfy tissue demands. Metabolic depression is the physiological adaptation associated with reduced oxygen consumption, which evidently does not cause any harm to organs that are exposed to acute and short hypoxic insults. Oxidative stress (OS) refers to the imbalance between the generation of reactive oxygen species (ROS) and the ability of endogenous antioxidant systems to scavenge ROS, where ROS overwhelms the antioxidant capacity. Oxidative stress plays a crucial role in the pathogenesis of diseases related to hypoxia during intrauterine development and postnatal life. Thus, excessive ROS are implicated in the irreversible damage to cell membranes, DNA, and other cellular structures by oxidizing lipids, proteins, and nucleic acids. Here, we describe several pathophysiological conditions and in vivo and ex vivo models developed for the study of hypoxic and oxidative stress injury. We reviewed existing literature on the responses to hypoxia and oxidative stress of the cardiovascular, renal, reproductive, and central nervous systems, and discussed paradigms of chronic and intermittent hypobaric hypoxia. This systematic review is a critical analysis of the advantages in the application of some experimental strategies and their contributions leading to novel pharmacological therapies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jorge G Farías
- Facultad de Ingeniería y Ciencias, Departamento de Ingeniería Química, Universidad de la Frontera, Casilla 54-D, Temuco, Chile
| | - Emilio A Herrera
- Programa de Fisiopatología, ICBM, Facultad de Medicina, Universidad de Chile, Chile; International Center for Andean Studies (INCAS), Universidad de Chile, Chile
| | | | - Ramón Sotomayor-Zárate
- Centro de Neurobiología y Plasticidad Cerebral (CNPC), Instituto de Fisiología, Facultad de Ciencias, Universidad de Valparaíso, Chile
| | - Gonzalo Cruz
- Centro de Neurobiología y Plasticidad Cerebral (CNPC), Instituto de Fisiología, Facultad de Ciencias, Universidad de Valparaíso, Chile
| | - Paola Morales
- Programa de Farmacología Molecular y Clínica, ICBM, Facultad de Medicina, Universidad de Chile, Chile
| | - Rodrigo L Castillo
- Programa de Fisiopatología, ICBM, Facultad de Medicina, Universidad de Chile, Chile.
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12
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Wu Q, Chen W, Sinha B, Tu Y, Manning S, Thomas N, Zhou S, Jiang H, Ma H, Kroessler DA, Yao J, Li Z, Inder TE, Wang X. Neuroprotective agents for neonatal hypoxic-ischemic brain injury. Drug Discov Today 2015; 20:1372-81. [PMID: 26360053 DOI: 10.1016/j.drudis.2015.09.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 40] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/10/2015] [Revised: 07/31/2015] [Accepted: 09/01/2015] [Indexed: 01/13/2023]
Abstract
Hypoxic-ischemic (H-I) brain injury in newborns is a major cause of morbidity and mortality that claims thousands of lives each year. In this review, we summarize the promising neuroprotective agents tested on animal models and pilot clinical studies of neonatal H-I brain injury according to the different phases of the disease. These agents target various phases of injury including the early phase of excitotoxicity, oxidative stress and apoptosis as well as late-phase inflammatory reaction and neural repair. We analyze the cell survival and cell death pathways modified by these agents in neonatal H-I brain injury. We aim to 'build a bridge' between animal trials of neuroprotective agents and potential candidate treatments for future clinical applications against H-I encephalopathy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qiaofeng Wu
- Department of Neurosurgery, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02115, USA; Acupuncture and Moxibustion College, Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chengdu, Sichuan 610091, China
| | - Wu Chen
- Department of Neurosurgery, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02115, USA; Department of Clinical Laboratory, Dongfeng Hospital of Hubei University of Medicine, Shiyan, Hubei 442012, China
| | - Bharati Sinha
- Department of Neurosurgery, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02115, USA; Department of Pediatrics, Boston University School of Medicine, Boston, MA 02118, USA
| | - Yanyang Tu
- Department of Neurosurgery, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02115, USA
| | - Simon Manning
- Department of Pediatric Newborn Medicine, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02115, USA
| | - Niranjan Thomas
- Department of Neonatology, Christian Medical College, Vellore, Tamil Nadu, India
| | - Shuanhu Zhou
- Department of Orthopedic Surgery, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02115, USA
| | - Hong Jiang
- Department of Pediatrics, Affiliated Hospital of Qingdao University, Qingdao, Shandong 266003, China
| | - He Ma
- Third Affiliated Hospital, Guangxi Medical University, Nanning, Guangxi 530031, China
| | - Daphne A Kroessler
- Department of Neurosurgery, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02115, USA
| | - Jiemin Yao
- Third Affiliated Hospital, Guangxi Medical University, Nanning, Guangxi 530031, China
| | - Zhipu Li
- Department of Pediatrics, Affiliated Hospital of Qingdao University, Qingdao, Shandong 266003, China
| | - Terry E Inder
- Department of Pediatric Newborn Medicine, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02115, USA
| | - Xin Wang
- Department of Neurosurgery, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02115, USA.
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13
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Rong Z, Pan R, Chang L, Lee W. Combination treatment with ethyl pyruvate and IGF-I exerts neuroprotective effects against brain injury in a rat model of neonatal hypoxic-ischemic encephalopathy. Int J Mol Med 2015; 36:195-203. [PMID: 25999282 PMCID: PMC4494588 DOI: 10.3892/ijmm.2015.2219] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/22/2014] [Accepted: 05/11/2015] [Indexed: 01/28/2023] Open
Abstract
Neonatal hypoxic-ischemic (HI) brain injury causes severe brain damage in newborns. Following HI injury, rapidly accumulating oxidants injure neurons and interrupt ongoing developmental processes. The antioxidant, sodium pyruvate, has been shown to reduce neuronal injury in neonatal rats under conditions of oxygen glucose deprivation (OGD) and HI injury. In this study, we evaluated the effects of ethyl pyruvate (EP) and insulin-like growth factor-I (IGF-I) alone or in combination in a similar setting. For this purpose, we used an in vitro model involving primary neonatal rat cortical neurons subjected to OGD for 2.5 h and an in vivo model involving unilateral carotid ligation in rats on post-natal day 7 with exposure to 8% hypoxia for 2.5 h. The cultured neurons were examined by lactate dehydrogenase (LDH) and cell viability assays. For the in vivo experiments, behavioral development was evaluated by the foot fault test at 4 weeks of recovery. 2,3,5-Triphenyltetrazolium chloride monohydrate and cresyl violet staining were used to evaluate HI injury. The injured neurons were Fluoro-Jade B-labeled, new neuroprecursors were double labeled with bromodeoxyuridine (BrdU) and doublecortin, new mature neurons were BrdU-labeled and neuronal nuclei were labeled by immunofluorescence. Under conditions of OGD, the LDH levels increased and neuronal viability decreased. Treatment with 0.5 mM EP or 25 ng/ml IGF-I protected the neurons (P<0.05), exerting additive effects. Similarly, either the early administration of EP or delayed treatment with IGF-I protected the neonatal rat brains against HI injury and improved neurological performance and these effects were also additive. This effect may be the result of reduced neuronal injury, and enhanced neurogenesis and maturation. On the whole, our findings demonstrate that the combination of the early administration of EP with delayed treatment with IGF-I exerts neuroprotective effects against HI injury in neonatal rat brains.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhihui Rong
- Department of Pediatrics, Tongji Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, Hubei 430030, P.R. China
| | - Rui Pan
- Department of Pediatrics, Tongji Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, Hubei 430030, P.R. China
| | - Liwen Chang
- Department of Pediatrics, Tongji Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, Hubei 430030, P.R. China
| | - Weihua Lee
- Department of Pediatrics, Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis, IN 46202, USA
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Abstract
Given the complexities of the mammalian CNS, its regeneration is viewed as the holy grail of regenerative medicine. Extraordinary efforts have been made to understand developmental neurogenesis, with the hopes of clinically applying this knowledge. CNS regeneration also involves glia, which comprises at least 50% of the cellular constituency of the brain and is involved in all forms of injury and disease response, recovery, and regeneration. Recent developmental studies have given us unprecedented insight into the processes that regulate the generation of CNS glia. Because restorative processes often parallel those found in development, we will peer through the lens of developmental gliogenesis to gain a clearer understanding of the processes that underlie glial regeneration under pathological conditions. Specifically, this review will focus on key signaling pathways that regulate astrocyte and oligodendrocyte development and describe how these mechanisms are reutilized in these populations during regeneration and repair after CNS injury.
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Affiliation(s)
- Vittorio Gallo
- Center for Neuroscience Research, Children's National Medical Center, Washington, DC 20010, USA.
| | - Benjamin Deneen
- Department of Neuroscience and Center for Cell and Gene Therapy, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX 77030, USA.
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Zhang X, Yan X, Gorman J, Hoffman SN, Zhang L, Boscarino JA. Perioperative hyperglycemia is associated with postoperative neurocognitive disorders after cardiac surgery. Neuropsychiatr Dis Treat 2014; 10:361-70. [PMID: 24570589 PMCID: PMC3933727 DOI: 10.2147/ndt.s57761] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/23/2022] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVE Neurocognitive disorders commonly occur following cardiac surgery. However, the underlying etiology of these disorders is not well understood. The current study examined the association between perioperative glucose levels and other risk factors and the onset of neurocognitive disorders in adult patients following coronary artery bypass and/or valvular surgery. METHODS Adult patients who underwent their first cardiac surgery at a large tertiary care medical center were identified and those with neurocognitive disorders prior to surgery were excluded. Demographic, perioperative, and postoperative neurocognitive outcome data were extracted from the Society for Thoracic Surgery database, and from electronic medical records, between January 2004 and June 2009. Multiple clinical risk factors and measures associated with insulin resistance, such as hyperglycemia, were assessed. Multivariable Cox competing risk survival models were used to assess hyperglycemia and postoperative neurocognitive disorders at follow up, adjusting for other risk factors and confounding variables. RESULTS Of the 855 patients included in the study, 271 (31.7%) had new onset neurocognitive disorders at follow-up. Age, sex, New York Heart Failure (NYHF) Class, length of postoperative intensive care unit stay, perioperative blood product transfusion, and other key factors were identified and assessed as potential risk factors (or confounders) for neurocognitive disorders at follow-up. Bivariate analyses suggested that new onset neurocognitive disorders were associated with NYHF Class, cardiopulmonary bypass, history of diabetes, intraoperative blood product use, and number of diseased coronary vessels, which are commonly-accepted risk factors in cardiac surgery. In addition, higher first glucose level (median =116 mg/dL) and higher peak glucose >169 mg/dL were identified as risk factors. Male sex and nonuse of intra-operative blood products appeared to be protective. Controlling for potential risk factors and confounders, multivariable Cox survival models suggested that increased perioperative first glucose measured in 20 unit increments, was significantly associated with the onset of postoperative neurocognitive disorders at follow-up (hazard ratio [HR] =1.16, P<0.001) and that women had an elevated risk for this outcome (HR =4.18, P=0.01). CONCLUSION Our study suggests that perioperative hyperglycemia was associated with new onset of postoperative neurocognitive disorders in adult patients after cardiac surgery, and that men tended to be protected from these outcomes. These findings may suggest a need for the revision of clinical protocols for perioperative insulin therapy to prevent long-term neurocognitive complications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiaopeng Zhang
- Department of Anesthesiology, Geisinger Medical Center, Danville, PA, USA
| | - Xiaowei Yan
- Center for Health Research, Geisinger Clinic, Danville, PA, USA
| | - Jennifer Gorman
- Center for Health Research, Geisinger Clinic, Danville, PA, USA
| | - Stuart N Hoffman
- Department of Neurology, Geisinger Medical Center, Danville, PA, USA
| | - Li Zhang
- Department of Anesthesiology, Geisinger Medical Center, Danville, PA, USA
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16
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Kim YK, Na KS, Hwang JA, Yoon HK, Lee HJ, Hahn SW, Lee BH, Jung HY. High insulin-like growth factor-1 in patients with bipolar I disorder: a trait marker? J Affect Disord 2013; 151:738-743. [PMID: 24012102 DOI: 10.1016/j.jad.2013.07.041] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/02/2013] [Revised: 07/28/2013] [Accepted: 07/30/2013] [Indexed: 01/21/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVES Neurotrophic factors exert substantial effects on the central nervous system. The present study investigates the roles of insulin-like growth factor-1 (IGF-1), β-nerve growth factor (β-NGF), and brain-derived neurotrophic factor (BDNF) in bipolar disorder. METHODS Baseline levels of culture-stimulated IGF-1, β-NGF, and BDNF were compared in 116 patients with bipolar I disorder and 123 healthy controls. Neurotrophic factors were also compared in patients before and after 6 weeks of pharmacotherapy. A multivariate logistic regression analysis was used to investigate the influence of the neurotrophic factors analyzed in quartile form, in relation to confounding variables, such as age, sex, and body mass index. RESULTS IGF-1 was significantly higher in patients (mean=514.57, SD=259.78) than in healthy controls (mean=316.82, SD=270.00, p<0.0001) at baseline. Furthermore, higher levels of IGF-1 substantially increased the risk for bipolar I disorder. IGF-1 level was not significantly changed at 6-weeks (mean=506.41, SD=313.66). No changes in BDNF or β-NGF-1 levels were found following the 6-week treatment period. IGF-1 and β-NGF were negatively correlated in healthy controls, but not in patients. Severity of manic symptoms was not associated with any of the neurotrophic factors. LIMITATIONS We did not measure cortisol, growth hormone, or IGF-1 receptors. This study is cross-sectional in design. CONCLUSIONS Elevated IGF-1 levels may be a trait marker for bipolar disorder. Further studies are needed to thoroughly investigate the role of IGF-1 in relation to other neuroendocrine factors and biological markers for bipolar disorder.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yong-Ku Kim
- Department of Psychiatry, College of Medicine, Korea University, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Kyoung-Sae Na
- Department of Psychiatry, Gachon University Gil Medical Center, 1198, Guwol-dong, Namdong-Gu, Incheon, Republic of Korea.
| | - Jung-A Hwang
- Department of Psychiatry, College of Medicine, Korea University, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Ho-Kyoung Yoon
- Department of Psychiatry, College of Medicine, Korea University, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Heon-Jeong Lee
- Department of Psychiatry, College of Medicine, Korea University, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Sang-Woo Hahn
- Department of Psychiatry, College of Medicine, Soonchunhyang University, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Bun-Hee Lee
- Department of Psychiatry, Gangnam Eulji Hospital, Eulji University, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Han-Yong Jung
- Department of Psychiatry, College of Medicine, Soonchunhyang University, Seoul, Republic of Korea
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Mu J, Ostrowski RP, Soejima Y, Rolland WB, Krafft PR, Tang J, Zhang JH. Delayed hyperbaric oxygen therapy induces cell proliferation through stabilization of cAMP responsive element binding protein in the rat model of MCAo-induced ischemic brain injury. Neurobiol Dis 2012; 51:133-43. [PMID: 23146993 DOI: 10.1016/j.nbd.2012.11.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 38] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/27/2012] [Accepted: 11/01/2012] [Indexed: 01/04/2023] Open
Abstract
Treatments that could extend the therapeutic window of opportunity for stroke patients are urgently needed. Early administration of hyperbaric oxygen therapy (HBOT) has been proven neuroprotective in the middle cerebral artery occlusion (MCAo) in rodents. Our aim was to determine: 1) whether delayed HBOT after permanent MCAo (pMCAo) can still convey neuroprotection and restorative cell proliferation, and 2) whether these beneficial effects rely on HBO-induced activation of protein phosphatase-1γ (PP1-γ) leading to a decreased phosphorylation and ubiquitination of CREB and hence its stabilization. The experiments were performed in one hundred thirty-two male Sprague-Dawley rats with the body weight ranging from 240 to 270 g. Permanent MCAo was induced with the intraluminal filament occluding the right middle cerebral artery (MCA). In the first experiment, HBOT (2.5 ATA, 1h daily for 10 days) was started 48 h after pMCAo. Neurobehavioral deficits and infarct size as well as cyclic AMP response element-binding protein (CREB) expression and BrdU-DAB staining in the hippocampus and the peri-infarct region were evaluated on day 14 and day 28 post-MCAo. In the second experiment, HBOT (2.5 ATA, 1h) was started 3h after pMCAo. The effects of CREB siRNA or PP1-γ siRNA on HBO-induced infarct size alterations and target protein expression were studied. HBOT started with 48 h delay reduced infarct size, ameliorated neurobehavioral deficits and increased protein expression of CREB, resulting in increased cell proliferations in the hippocampus and peri-infarct region, on day 14 and day 28 post-MCAo. In the acute experiment pMCAo resulted in cerebral infarction and functional deterioration and reduced brain expression of PP1-γ, which led to increased phosphorylation and ubiquitination of CREB 24h after MCAo. However HBOT administered 3h after ischemia reversed these molecular events and resulted in CREB stabilization, infarct size reduction and neurobehavioral improvement. Gene silencing with CREB siRNA or PP1-γ siRNA reduced acute beneficial effects of HBO. In conclusion, delayed daily HBOT presented as potent neuroprotectant in pMCAo rats, increased CREB expression and signaling activity, and bolstered regenerative type cell proliferation in the injured brain. As shown in the acute experiment these effects of HBO were likely to be mediated by reducing ubiquitin-dependent CREB degradation owing to HBO-induced activation of PP1γ.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jun Mu
- Department of Neurology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, China
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18
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Abstract
BACKGROUND Neonatal hypoxia-ischemia (HI) remains a major cause of severe brain damage and is often associated with high mortality and lifelong disability. Immature brains are extremely sensitive to HI, shown as prolonged mitochondrial neuronal death. Sodium pyruvate (SP), a substrate of the tricarboxylic acid cycle and an extracellular antioxidant, has been considered as a potential treatment for hypoxic-ischemic encephalopathy, but its effects have not been evaluated in appropriate animal models for hypoxic-ischemic encephalopathy. METHODS This investigation used primary cortical neuron cultures derived from neonatal rats subjected to oxygen and glucose deprivation (OGD) and a well-established neonatal rat HI model. RESULTS HI caused brain tissue loss and impaired sensorimotor function and spatial memory whereas SP significantly reduced brain damage and improved neurological performance. These neuroprotective effects of SP are likely the result of improved cerebral metabolism as demonstrated by maintaining adenosine triphosphate (ATP) levels and preventing an increase in intracellular reactive oxygen species (ROS) levels. SP treatment also decreased levels of Bax, a death signal for immature neurons, blocked caspase-3 activation, and activated a key survival signaling kinase, Akt, both in vitro and in vivo. CONCLUSION SP protected neonatal brain from hypoxic-ischemic injury through maintaining cerebral metabolism and mitochondrial function.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rui Pan
- Department of Pediatrics, Tongji Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, Hubei, China 430030
| | - Zhihui Rong
- Department of Pediatrics, Tongji Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, Hubei, China 430030
| | - Yun She
- Department of Pediatrics, Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis, IN 46202
| | - Yuan Cao
- Department of General Surgery, Pu Ai Hospital of Wuhan City, Hubei, China 430033
| | - Li-Wen Chang
- Department of Pediatrics, Tongji Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, Hubei, China 430030
| | - Wei-Hua Lee
- Department of Pediatrics, Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis, IN 46202
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19
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Abstract
Insulin-like growth factor (IGF) signaling greatly impacts the development and growth of the central nervous system (CNS). IGF-I and IGF-II, two ligands of the IGF system, exert a wide variety of actions both during development and in adulthood, promoting the survival and proliferation of neural cells. The IGFs also influence the growth and maturation of neural cells, augmenting dendritic growth and spine formation, axon outgrowth, synaptogenesis, and myelination. Specific IGF actions, however, likely depend on cell type, developmental stage, and local microenvironmental milieu within the brain. Emerging research also indicates that alterations in IGF signaling likely contribute to the pathogenesis of some neurological disorders. This review summarizes experimental studies and shed light on the critical roles of IGF signaling, as well as its mechanisms, during CNS development.
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Affiliation(s)
- John O’Kusky
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, British Columbia, Canada V5Z 1M9
| | - Ping Ye
- Department of Pediatrics, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC 27599, United States
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20
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Huhtala T, Rytkönen J, Jalanko A, Kaasalainen M, Salonen J, Riikonen R, Närvänen A. Native and Complexed IGF-1: Biodistribution and Pharmacokinetics in Infantile Neuronal Ceroid Lipofuscinosis. J Drug Deliv 2012; 2012:626417. [PMID: 22778966 DOI: 10.1155/2012/626417] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/22/2012] [Revised: 04/11/2012] [Accepted: 04/18/2012] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Abstract
Infantile neuronal ceroid lipofuscinosis (INCL) is a severe neurodegenerative disorder of childhood characterized by selective death of cortical neurons. Insulin-like growth factor 1 (IGF-1) is important in embryonic development and is considered as a potential therapeutic agent for several disorders of peripheral and central nervous systems. In circulation IGF-1 is mainly bound to its carrier protein IGFBP-3. As a therapeutic agent IGF-1 has shown to be more active as free than complexed form. However, this may cause side effects during the prolonged treatment. In addition to IGFBP-3 the bioavailability of IGF-1 can be modulated by using mesoporous silicon nanoparticles (NPs) which are optimal carriers for sustained release of unstable peptide hormones like IGF-1. In this study we compared biodistribution, pharmacokinetics, and bioavailability of radiolabeled free IGF-1, IGF-1/IGFBP-3, and IGF-1/NP complexes in a Cln1-/- knockout mouse model. IGF-1/NP was mainly accumulated in liver and spleen in all studied time points, whereas minor and more constant amounts were measured in other organs compared to free IGF-1 or IGF-1/IGFBP-3. Also concentration of IGF-1/NP in blood was relatively high and stable during studied time points suggesting continuous release of IGF-1 from the particles.
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Li RP, Wang ZZ, Sun MX, Hou XL, Sun Y, Deng ZF, Xiao K. Polydatin protects learning and memory impairments in a rat model of vascular dementia. Phytomedicine 2012; 19:677-681. [PMID: 22483554 DOI: 10.1016/j.phymed.2012.03.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 38] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/25/2011] [Revised: 01/25/2012] [Accepted: 03/04/2012] [Indexed: 05/28/2023]
Abstract
Polydatin is one of the most common encountered stilbenes of nature and a key component of the Chinese herb Polygonum cuspidatum. This study is to investigate the effects of polydatin on learning and memory impairments induced by chronic cerebral hypoperfusion in rats, as well as the potential mechanism. Both common carotid arteries and both vertebral arteries occlusion (four-vessel occlusion, 4-VO) induced severe cognitive deficits tested by water maze task, along with oxidative stress in hippocampus. Oral administration of polydatin for 30 days markedly attenuated cognitive deficits compared with the control (p < 0.05). Biochemical determination revealed that polydatin decreased the production of malondialdehyde (MDA) and significantly increased the activities of superoxide dismutase (SOD) and catalase (CAT). Additionally, polydatin effectively alleviated the injuries of cultured neurons induced by oxygen-glucose deprivation (OGD). These results suggest that polydatin exhibit therapeutic potential for vascular dementia, which is most likely related, at least in part, to its anti-oxidant activity and the direct protection of neurons.
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Affiliation(s)
- Run-Ping Li
- Department of Diving Medicine, Faculty of Naval Medicine, Second Military Medical University, Shanghai 200433, China
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22
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Li RC, Guo SZ, Raccurt M, Moudilou E, Morel G, Brittian KR, Gozal D. Exogenous growth hormone attenuates cognitive deficits induced by intermittent hypoxia in rats. Neuroscience 2011; 196:237-50. [PMID: 21888951 DOI: 10.1016/j.neuroscience.2011.08.029] [Citation(s) in RCA: 56] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/11/2011] [Revised: 08/12/2011] [Accepted: 08/14/2011] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
Sleep disordered breathing (SDB), which is characterized by intermittent hypoxia (IH) during sleep, causes substantial cardiovascular and neurocognitive complications and has become a growing public health problem. SDB is associated with suppression of growth hormone (GH) secretion, the latter being integrally involved in the growth, development, and function of the CNS. Since GH treatment is able to attenuate neurocognitive deficits in a hypoxic-ischemic stroke model, GH, GH receptor (GHR) mRNA expression, and GH protein expression were assessed in rat hippocampus after exposures to chronic sustained hypoxia (CH, 10% O(2)) or IH (10% O(2) alternating with 21% O(2) every 90 s). In addition, the effect of GH treatment (50 μg/kg daily s.c. injection) on erythropoietin (EPO), vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF), heme oxygenase-1 (HO-1), and GLUT-1 mRNA expression and neurobehavioral function was assessed. CH significantly increased GH mRNA and protein expression, as well as insulin-like growth factor-1 (IGF-1). In contrast, IH only induced a moderate increase in GH mRNA and a slight elevation in GH protein at day 1, but no increases in IGF-1. CH, but not IH, up-regulated GHR mRNA in the hippocampus. IH induced marked neurocognitive deficits compared with CH or room air (RA). Furthermore, exogenous GH administration increased hippocampal mRNA expression of IGF-1, EPO, and VEGF, and not only reduced IH-induced hippocampal injury, but also attenuated IH-induced cognitive deficits. Thus, exogenous GH may provide a viable therapeutic intervention to protect IH-vulnerable brain regions from SDB-associated neuronal loss and associated neurocognitive dysfunction.
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Affiliation(s)
- R C Li
- Department of Pediatrics, Pritzker School of Medicine, University of Chicago, Chicago, IL 60637, USA
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23
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Morales P, Bustamante D, Espina-Marchant P, Neira-Peña T, Gutiérrez-Hernández MA, Allende-Castro C, Rojas-Mancilla E. Pathophysiology of perinatal asphyxia: can we predict and improve individual outcomes? EPMA J 2011. [PMID: 23199150 PMCID: PMC3405380 DOI: 10.1007/s13167-011-0100-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/28/2022]
Abstract
Perinatal asphyxia occurs still with great incidence whenever delivery is prolonged, despite improvements in perinatal care. After asphyxia, infants can suffer from short- to long-term neurological sequelae, their severity depend upon the extent of the insult, the metabolic imbalance during the re-oxygenation period and the developmental state of the affected regions. Significant progresses in understanding of perinatal asphyxia pathophysiology have achieved. However, predictive diagnostics and personalised therapeutic interventions are still under initial development. Now the emphasis is on early non-invasive diagnosis approach, as well as, in identifying new therapeutic targets to improve individual outcomes. In this review we discuss (i) specific biomarkers for early prediction of perinatal asphyxia outcome; (ii) short and long term sequelae; (iii) neurocircuitries involved; (iv) molecular pathways; (v) neuroinflammation systems; (vi) endogenous brain rescue systems, including activation of sentinel proteins and neurogenesis; and (vii) therapeutic targets for preventing or mitigating the effects produced by asphyxia.
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Affiliation(s)
- Paola Morales
- Programme of Molecular & Clinical Pharmacology, ICBM, Medical Faculty, University of Chile, PO Box 70.000, Santiago 7, Chile
| | - Diego Bustamante
- Programme of Molecular & Clinical Pharmacology, ICBM, Medical Faculty, University of Chile, PO Box 70.000, Santiago 7, Chile
| | - Pablo Espina-Marchant
- Programme of Molecular & Clinical Pharmacology, ICBM, Medical Faculty, University of Chile, PO Box 70.000, Santiago 7, Chile
| | - Tanya Neira-Peña
- Programme of Molecular & Clinical Pharmacology, ICBM, Medical Faculty, University of Chile, PO Box 70.000, Santiago 7, Chile
| | - Manuel A. Gutiérrez-Hernández
- Programme of Molecular & Clinical Pharmacology, ICBM, Medical Faculty, University of Chile, PO Box 70.000, Santiago 7, Chile
| | - Camilo Allende-Castro
- Programme of Molecular & Clinical Pharmacology, ICBM, Medical Faculty, University of Chile, PO Box 70.000, Santiago 7, Chile
| | - Edgardo Rojas-Mancilla
- Programme of Molecular & Clinical Pharmacology, ICBM, Medical Faculty, University of Chile, PO Box 70.000, Santiago 7, Chile
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Liu W, D'Ercole JA, Ye P. Blunting type 1 insulin-like growth factor receptor expression exacerbates neuronal apoptosis following hypoxic/ischemic injury. BMC Neurosci 2011; 12:64. [PMID: 21718528 PMCID: PMC3146424 DOI: 10.1186/1471-2202-12-64] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/11/2011] [Accepted: 06/30/2011] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Background Abundant experimental data have implicated an important role for insulin-like growth factor (IGF) in protecting neuronal cells from injury, including hypoxia/ischemia (H/I) injury, a major cause of neuron death. While the specific interaction of IGFs with neuronal or glial type 1 IGF receptors (IGF1R) has been shown to be essential to IGF actions during development, the same has not been directly demonstrated following H/I injury. To directly examine the role of neuronal IGF1R following H/I injury, we utilized conditional mutant nes-igf1r-/Wt mice and determined the impact of IGF1R haplodeficiency specifically in nestin-expressing neuronal precursors and their progeny on H/I-induced neuronal damage and apoptosis in hippocampus. Results H/I induced significant damage to the cerebral hemisphere and hippocampus ipsilateral to the ligated right common carotid artery both in control and nes-igf1r-/Wt mice at postnatal day 10. Blunting IGF1R expression, however, markedly exacerbated H/I-induced damage and appeared to increase mortality. In the ipsilateral hemisphere and hippocampus, nes-igf1r-/Wt mice had infarct areas double the size of those in controls. The size of the ipsilateral hemisphere and hippocampus in nes-igf1r-/Wt mice were 15% to 17% larger than those in controls, reflecting more severe edema. Consistent with its effects on infarct area, IGF1R haplodeficiency causes a greater decrease in neurons in the ipsilateral hippocampus of nes-igf1r-/Wt mice. The reduction in neurons was largely due to increases in neuronal apoptosis. Judged by pyknotic nuclei, TUNEL and caspase-3 labeling, nes-igf1r-/Wt mice had significantly more apoptotic cells than that in controls after injury. To determine possible mechanisms of IGF1R actions, the mRNA expression of the pro-survival proteins IAP-1 and XIAP was determined. Compared to controls, the abundance of cIAP-1 and XIAP mRNA was markedly suppressed in mice with blunted IGF1R or IGF-I expression, while was increased in the brain of IGF-I overexpressing transgenic mice. Conclusion IGF1R in neuronal cells is critically important for their survival following H/I injury, and IGF-upregulated expression of neuronal cIAP-1 and XIAP likely in part contributes to IGF-IGF1R protection against neuronal apoptosis following H/I injury.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wen Liu
- Department of Pediatrics, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, NC 27599-7039, USA
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25
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Abstract
Knowledge of the nature, prognosis, and ways to treat brain lesions in neonatal infants has increased remarkably. Neonatal hypoxic-ischaemic encephalopathy (HIE) in term infants, mirrors a progressive cascade of excito-oxidative events that unfold in the brain after an asphyxial insult. In the laboratory, this cascade can be blocked to protect brain tissue through the process of neuroprotection. However, proof of a clinical effect was lacking until the publication of three positive randomised controlled trials of moderate hypothermia for term infants with HIE. These results have greatly improved treatment prospects for babies with asphyxia and altered understanding of the theory of neuroprotection. The studies show that moderate hypothermia within 6 h of asphyxia improves survival without cerebral palsy or other disability by about 40% and reduces death or neurological disability by nearly 30%. The search is on to discover adjuvant treatments that can further enhance the effects of hypothermia.
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Wang Z, Yang X, Yang S, Ren G, Ferreri M, Su Y, Chen L, Han B. Sodium fluoride suppress proliferation and induce apoptosis through decreased insulin-like growth factor-I expression and oxidative stress in primary cultured mouse osteoblasts. Arch Toxicol 2011; 85:1407-17. [PMID: 21461751 DOI: 10.1007/s00204-011-0697-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 41] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/17/2010] [Accepted: 03/14/2011] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
Abstract
It has been reported that sodium fluoride suppressed proliferation and induced apoptosis in osteoblasts. However, the details about the mechanism at work in bone metabolism are limited. In this study, we further investigated the mechanisms of NaF on proliferation and apoptosis in the primary cultured mouse osteoblasts, which were exposed to different concentration of NaF (10(-6)-5 × 10(-4) M). We examined the effect of NaF on proliferation, cell cycle, apoptosis, oxidative stress, and the protein level of insulin-like growth factor-I (IGF-I) in osteoblasts. All the tested NaF inhibited proliferation and arrested cell cycle at S phase in osteoblasts, and further demonstrated to induce apoptosis in osteoblasts. On the other hand, we found that NaF increased oxidative stress and decreased protein expression of IGF-I. Our study herein suggested that NaF caused proliferation suppression, and apoptosis may contribute to decrease IGF-I expression and increased oxidative stress damage by NaF in the primary mouse osteoblasts.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhi Wang
- College of Veterinary Medicine, China Agricultural University, Yuan Ming Yuan West Road No. 2, Haidian District, Beijing, China
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27
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Abstract
Periventricular leukomalacia (PVL) is a major form of brain damage in premature infants. This study was to test whether IGF-1 can prevent PVL-like brain damage induced by lipopolysaccharide (LPS) in the neonatal rat. Intraventricular delivery of LPS resulted in an acute brain inflammatory response, i.e., rapid recruitment of polymorphonuclear leukocytes (PMNs), activation of microglia and astrocytes, and induction of IL-1beta (IL1beta) expression. Brain inflammation was associated with the loss of O4+ preoligodendrocytes (preOLs), a decrease of myelin basic protein (MBP) in the white matter and an increase of pyknotic cells in the cortex. IGF-1 at a low dose significantly prevented LPS-induced deleterious effects without alteration of IL-1beta expression and microglia/astrocytes activation. On the other hand, the low dose of IGF-1 enhanced LPS-induced PMNs recruitment and blood-brain barrier (BBB) permeability, and caused intracerebral hemorrhage. At higher doses, co-application of IGF-1 with LPS resulted in a high mortality rate. Brains from the surviving rats showed massive PMN infiltration and intracerebral hemorrhage. However, these adverse effects were not found in rats treated with IGF-1 alone. This study provides the alarming evidence that in an acute inflammatory condition, IGF-1 may have severe, harmful effects on the developing brain.
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MESH Headings
- Animals
- Animals, Newborn
- Astrocytes/drug effects
- Astrocytes/pathology
- Blood-Brain Barrier/drug effects
- Blood-Brain Barrier/metabolism
- Brain/drug effects
- Brain/growth & development
- Brain/metabolism
- Brain/pathology
- Capillary Permeability/drug effects
- Cell Death
- Cerebral Hemorrhage/chemically induced
- Cerebral Hemorrhage/pathology
- Cerebral Hemorrhage/physiopathology
- Chemotaxis, Leukocyte/drug effects
- Disease Models, Animal
- Dose-Response Relationship, Drug
- Encephalitis/chemically induced
- Encephalitis/metabolism
- Encephalitis/pathology
- Encephalitis/physiopathology
- Encephalitis/prevention & control
- Female
- Humans
- Infant, Newborn
- Inflammation Mediators/metabolism
- Injections, Intraventricular
- Insulin-Like Growth Factor I/administration & dosage
- Insulin-Like Growth Factor I/toxicity
- Interleukin-1beta/metabolism
- Leukomalacia, Periventricular/chemically induced
- Leukomalacia, Periventricular/metabolism
- Leukomalacia, Periventricular/pathology
- Leukomalacia, Periventricular/physiopathology
- Leukomalacia, Periventricular/prevention & control
- Lipopolysaccharides
- Male
- Microglia/drug effects
- Microglia/pathology
- Neuroprotective Agents/administration & dosage
- Neuroprotective Agents/toxicity
- Rats
- Rats, Sprague-Dawley
- Recombinant Proteins/administration & dosage
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Affiliation(s)
- Yi Pang
- Department of Pediatrics, University of Mississippi Medical Center, Jackson, Mississippi 39216, USA
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28
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Sun X, Huang L, Zhang M, Sun S, Wu Y. Insulin like growth factor-1 prevents 1-mentyl-4-phenylphyridinium-induced apoptosis in PC12 cells through activation of glycogen synthase kinase-3beta. Toxicology 2010; 271:5-12. [DOI: 10.1016/j.tox.2010.01.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/09/2009] [Revised: 12/18/2009] [Accepted: 01/05/2010] [Indexed: 10/20/2022]
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