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Lim JY, In Park S, Park SA, Jeon JH, Jung HY, Yon JM, Jeun SS, Lim HK, Kim SW. Potential application of human neural crest-derived nasal turbinate stem cells for the treatment of neuropathology and impaired cognition in models of Alzheimer's disease. Stem Cell Res Ther 2021; 12:402. [PMID: 34256823 PMCID: PMC8278635 DOI: 10.1186/s13287-021-02489-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/29/2020] [Accepted: 07/02/2021] [Indexed: 12/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Stem cell transplantation is a fascinating therapeutic approach for the treatment of many neurodegenerative disorders; however, clinical trials using stem cells have not been as effective as expected based on preclinical studies. The aim of this study is to validate the hypothesis that human neural crest-derived nasal turbinate stem cells (hNTSCs) are a clinically promising therapeutic source of adult stem cells for the treatment of Alzheimer’s disease (AD). Methods hNTSCs were evaluated in comparison with human bone marrow-derived mesenchymal stem cells (hBM-MSCs) according to the effect of transplantation on AD pathology, including PET/CT neuroimaging, immune status indicated by microglial numbers and autophagic capacity, neuronal survival, and cognition, in a 5 × FAD transgenic mouse model of AD. Results We demonstrated that hNTSCs showed a high proliferative capacity and great neurogenic properties in vitro. Compared with hBM-MSC transplantation, hNTSC transplantation markedly reduced Aβ42 levels and plaque formation in the brains of the 5 × FAD transgenic AD mice on neuroimaging, concomitant with increased survival of hippocampal and cortex neurons. Moreover, hNTSCs strongly modulated immune status by reducing the number of microglia and the expression of the inflammatory cytokine IL-6 and upregulating autophagic capacity at 7 weeks after transplantation in AD models. Notably, compared with transplantation of hBM-MSCs, transplantation of hNTSCs significantly enhanced performance on the Morris water maze, with an increased level of TIMP2, which is necessary for spatial memory in young mice and neurons; this difference could be explained by the high engraftment of hNTSCs after transplantation. Conclusion The reliable evidence provided by these findings reveals a promising therapeutic effect of hNTSCs and indicates a step forward the clinical application of hNTSCs in patients with AD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jung Yeon Lim
- Department of Otolaryngology-Head and Neck Surgery, Seoul St. Mary's Hospital, The Catholic University of Korea, 222 Banpo-Daero, Seocho-gu, Seoul, 06591, Republic of Korea.
| | - Sang In Park
- Institute of Catholic Integrative Medicine (ICIM), Incheon St. Mary's Hospital, The Catholic University of Korea, 56 Dongsu-ro, Bupyeong-gu, Incheon, 21431, Republic of Korea
| | - Soon A Park
- Department of Neurosurgery, Seoul St. Mary's Hospital, The Catholic University of Korea, 222 Banpo-Daero, Seocho-gu, Seoul, 06591, Republic of Korea
| | - Jung Ho Jeon
- Department of Otolaryngology-Head and Neck Surgery, Seoul St. Mary's Hospital, The Catholic University of Korea, 222 Banpo-Daero, Seocho-gu, Seoul, 06591, Republic of Korea
| | - Ho Yong Jung
- Institute of Catholic Integrative Medicine (ICIM), Incheon St. Mary's Hospital, The Catholic University of Korea, 56 Dongsu-ro, Bupyeong-gu, Incheon, 21431, Republic of Korea
| | - Jung-Min Yon
- Department of Otolaryngology-Head and Neck Surgery, Seoul St. Mary's Hospital, The Catholic University of Korea, 222 Banpo-Daero, Seocho-gu, Seoul, 06591, Republic of Korea
| | - Sin-Soo Jeun
- Department of Neurosurgery, Seoul St. Mary's Hospital, The Catholic University of Korea, 222 Banpo-Daero, Seocho-gu, Seoul, 06591, Republic of Korea
| | - Hyun Kook Lim
- Department of Psychiatry, Yeouido St. Mary's Hospital, The Catholic University of Korea, 63-ro 10, Yeoungdeungpo-gu, Seoul, 07345, Republic of Korea
| | - Sung Won Kim
- Department of Otolaryngology-Head and Neck Surgery, Seoul St. Mary's Hospital, The Catholic University of Korea, 222 Banpo-Daero, Seocho-gu, Seoul, 06591, Republic of Korea.
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Karunakaran S. Unraveling Early Signs of Navigational Impairment in APPswe/PS1dE9 Mice Using Morris Water Maze. Front Neurosci 2021; 14:568200. [PMID: 33384577 PMCID: PMC7770143 DOI: 10.3389/fnins.2020.568200] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/31/2020] [Accepted: 11/16/2020] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Mild behavioral deficits, which are part of normal aging, can be early indicators of an impending Alzheimer's disease. Using the APPswe/PS1dE9 (APP/PS1) mouse model of Alzheimer's disease, we utilized the Morris water maze spatial learning paradigm to systematically evaluate mild behavioral deficits that occur during the early stages of disease pathogenesis. Conventional behavioral analysis using this model indicates that spatial memory is intact at 2 months of age. In this study, we used an alternative method to analyze the behavior of mice, aiming to gain a better understanding of the nature of cognitive deficits by focusing on the unsuccessful trials during water maze learning rather than on the successful ones. APP/PS1 mice displayed a higher number of unsuccessful trials during the initial days of training, unlike their wild-type counterparts. However, with repeated trial and error, learning in APP/PS1 reached levels comparable to that of the wild-type mice during the later days of training. Individual APP/PS1 mice preferred a non-cognitive search strategy called circling, which led to abrupt learning transitions and an increased number of unsuccessful trials. These findings indicate the significance of subtle intermediate readouts as early indicators of conditions such as Alzheimer's disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Smitha Karunakaran
- Centre for Brain Research, Indian Institute of Science, Bangalore, India
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Salem H, Rocha NP, Colpo GD, Teixeira AL. Moving from the Dish to the Clinical Practice: A Decade of Lessons and Perspectives from the Pre-Clinical and Clinical Stem Cell Studies for Alzheimer’s Disease. J Alzheimers Dis 2016; 53:1209-30. [DOI: 10.3233/jad-160250] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Haitham Salem
- Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, Neuropsychiatry Program, McGovern Medical School, The University of Texas Health Science Center, Houston, TX, USA
- Regenerative Medicine Program, University of Lübeck, Schleswig-Holstein, Germany
| | - Natalia Pessoa Rocha
- Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, Neuropsychiatry Program, McGovern Medical School, The University of Texas Health Science Center, Houston, TX, USA
| | - Gabriela Delevati Colpo
- Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, Neuropsychiatry Program, McGovern Medical School, The University of Texas Health Science Center, Houston, TX, USA
| | - Antonio Lucio Teixeira
- Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, Neuropsychiatry Program, McGovern Medical School, The University of Texas Health Science Center, Houston, TX, USA
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Hu Y, Zhang Y, Tian K, Xun C, Wang S, Lv D. Effects of nerve growth factor and basic fibroblast growth factor dual gene modification on rat bone marrow mesenchymal stem cell differentiation into neuron-like cells in vitro. Mol Med Rep 2015; 13:49-58. [PMID: 26572749 PMCID: PMC4686117 DOI: 10.3892/mmr.2015.4553] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/28/2014] [Accepted: 08/26/2015] [Indexed: 12/26/2022] Open
Abstract
Recent studies regarding regenerative medicine have focused on bone marrow mesenchymal stem cells (BMSCs), which have the potential to undergo neural differentiation, and may be transfected with specific genes. BMSCs can differentiate into neuron-like cells in certain neurotropic circumstances in vitro. Basic fibroblast growth factor (bFGF) and nerve growth factor (NGF) are often used to induce neural differentiation in BMSCs in vitro. However, previous studies regarding their combined actions are insufficient. The present study is the first, to the best of our knowledge, to thoroughly assess the enhancement of neural differentiation of BMSCs following transfection with bFGF and NGF. Sprague-Dawley (SD) rat BMSCs were separated through whole bone marrow adherence, and were then passaged to the third generation. The cells were subsequently divided into five groups: The control group, which consisted of untransfected BMSCs; the plv-blank-transfected BMSCs group; the plv-bFGF-trans-fected BMSCs group; the plv-NGF-transfected BMSCs group; and the plv-NGF-bFGF co-transfected BMSCs group. Cell neural differentiation was characterized in terms of stem cell molecular expression, and the neuronal morphology and expression of neural-like molecules was detected in each of the groups. A total of 72 h post-transfection, the expression levels of neuron-specific enolase, glial fibrillary acidic protein, and nestin protein, were higher in the co-transfected group, as compared with the other groups, the expression levels of β-tubulin III were also increased in the co-transfected cells, thus suggesting the maturation of differentiated neuron-like cells. Furthermore, higher neuronal proliferation was observed in the co-transfected group, as compared with the other groups at passages 2, 4, 6 and 8. Western blotting demonstrated that the transfected groups exhibited a simultaneous increase in phosphorylation of the AKT and extracellular signal-regulated kinases (ERK) signaling pathway. These results suggested that manipulation of the ERK and AKT signaling pathway may be associated with the differentiation of transfected BMSCs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yang Hu
- Department of Orthopedics, The First Hospital Affiliated to Dalian Medical University, Dalian, Liaoning 116011, P.R. China
| | - Yan Zhang
- Institute of Cancer Stem Cells, Cancer Center, Dalian Medical University, Dalian, Liaoning 116044, P.R. China
| | - Kang Tian
- Department of Orthopedics, The First Hospital Affiliated to Dalian Medical University, Dalian, Liaoning 116011, P.R. China
| | - Chong Xun
- Department of Orthopedics, The First Hospital Affiliated to Dalian Medical University, Dalian, Liaoning 116011, P.R. China
| | - Shouyu Wang
- Department of Orthopedics, The First Hospital Affiliated to Dalian Medical University, Dalian, Liaoning 116011, P.R. China
| | - Decheng Lv
- Department of Orthopedics, The First Hospital Affiliated to Dalian Medical University, Dalian, Liaoning 116011, P.R. China
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Choi SS, Lee SR, Kim SU, Lee HJ. Alzheimer's disease and stem cell therapy. Exp Neurobiol 2014; 23:45-52. [PMID: 24737939 PMCID: PMC3984956 DOI: 10.5607/en.2014.23.1.45] [Citation(s) in RCA: 47] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/27/2014] [Revised: 02/28/2014] [Accepted: 02/28/2014] [Indexed: 12/19/2022] Open
Abstract
The loss of neuronal cells in the central nervous system may occur in many neurodegenerative diseases. Alzheimer's disease is a common senile disease in people over 65 years, and it causes impairment characterized by the decline of mental function, including memory loss and cognitive impairment, and affects the quality of life of patients. However, the current therapeutic strategies against AD are only to relieve symptoms, but not to cure it. Because there are only a few therapeutic strategies against Alzheimer's disease, we need to understand the pathogenesis of this disease. Cell therapy may be a powerful tool for the treatment of Alzheimer's disease. This review will discuss the characteristics of Alzheimer's disease and various available therapeutic strategies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sung S Choi
- Medical Research Institute, Chung-Ang University College of Medicine, Seoul 156-756, Korea
| | - Sang-Rae Lee
- National Primate Research Center, Korea Research Institute of Bioscience and Biotechnology, Ochang 363-883, Korea
| | - Seung U Kim
- Division of Neurology, Department of Medicine, University of British Columbia, Vancouver 317-2194, Canada
| | - Hong J Lee
- Medical Research Institute, Chung-Ang University College of Medicine, Seoul 156-756, Korea
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