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Kmiha S, Jouini A, Zerriaa N, Hamrouni S, Thabet L, Maaroufi A. Methicillin-Resistant Staphylococcusaureus Strains Isolated from Burned Patients in a Tunisian Hospital: Molecular Typing, Virulence Genes, and Antimicrobial Resistance. Antibiotics (Basel) 2023; 12:1030. [PMID: 37370349 DOI: 10.3390/antibiotics12061030] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/23/2023] [Revised: 05/25/2023] [Accepted: 05/30/2023] [Indexed: 06/29/2023] Open
Abstract
Methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus (MRSA) is one of the major causes of a variety of infections in hospitals and the community. Their spread poses a serious public health problem worldwide. Nevertheless, in Tunisia and other African countries, very little molecular typing data on MRSA strains is currently available. In our study, a total of 64 MRSA isolates were isolated from clinical samples collected from burned patients hospitalized in the Traumatology and Burns Center of Ben Arous in Tunisia. The identification of the collection was based on conventional methods (phenotypic and molecular characterization). The characterization of the genetic support for methicillin resistance was performed by amplification of the mecA gene by polymerase chain reaction (PCR), which revealed that 78.12% of S. aureus harbors the gene. The resistance of all the collection to different antibiotic families was studied. Indeed, the analysis of strain antibiotic susceptibility confirmed their multi-resistant phenotype, with high resistance to ciprofloxacin, gentamicin, penicillin, erythromycin, and tetracycline. The resistance to the last three antibiotics was conferred by the blaZ gene (73.43%), the erm(C) gene (1.56%), the msr(A) gene (6.25%), and tet(M) gene (7.81%), respectively. The clonal diversity of these strains was studied by molecular typing of the accessory gene regulator (agr) system, characterization of the SCCmec type, and spa-typing. The results revealed the prevalence of agr types II and III groups, the SCCmec type III and II cassettes, and the dominance of spa type t233. The characterization of the eight enterotoxins genes, the Panton-Valentine leukocidin and the toxic shock syndrome toxin, was determined by PCR. The percentage of virulence genes detected was for enterotoxins (55%), tst (71.88%), leukocidin E/D (79.69%), and pvl (1.56%) factors. Furthermore, our results revealed that the majority of the strains harbor IEC complex genes (94%) with different types. Our findings highlighted the emergence of MRSA strains with a wide variety of toxins, leukocidin associated with resistance genes, and specific genetic determinants, which could constitute a risk of their spread in hospitals and the environment and complicate infection treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Souhir Kmiha
- Laboratory of Epidemiology and Veterinary Microbiology, Group of Bacteriology and Biotechnology Development, Pasteur Institute of Tunis, University of Tunis El Manar, Tunis 2092, Tunisia
| | - Ahlem Jouini
- Laboratory of Epidemiology and Veterinary Microbiology, Group of Bacteriology and Biotechnology Development, Pasteur Institute of Tunis, University of Tunis El Manar, Tunis 2092, Tunisia
| | - Nahawend Zerriaa
- Laboratory of Epidemiology and Veterinary Microbiology, Group of Bacteriology and Biotechnology Development, Pasteur Institute of Tunis, University of Tunis El Manar, Tunis 2092, Tunisia
| | - Safa Hamrouni
- Laboratory of Epidemiology and Veterinary Microbiology, Group of Bacteriology and Biotechnology Development, Pasteur Institute of Tunis, University of Tunis El Manar, Tunis 2092, Tunisia
| | - Lamia Thabet
- Laboratory of Microbiology, Center for Traumatology and Major Burns, Rue du 1er Mai, Ben Arous 2013, Tunisia
| | - Abderrazak Maaroufi
- Laboratory of Epidemiology and Veterinary Microbiology, Group of Bacteriology and Biotechnology Development, Pasteur Institute of Tunis, University of Tunis El Manar, Tunis 2092, Tunisia
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Dziri R, Kuşkucu MA, Arfaoui A, Fethi M, Ifaoui S, Bellaaj R, Ouzari I, Saltoğlu N, Klibi N. Whole Genome Sequencing of a Citrobacter freundii Strain Isolated from the Hospital Environment: An Extremely Multiresistant NDM-1 and VIM-48 Coproducing Isolate. Microb Drug Resist 2021; 28:18-22. [PMID: 34348037 DOI: 10.1089/mdr.2020.0417] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/02/2023] Open
Abstract
Citrobacter freundii has acquired resistance to several antimicrobial drugs, including last-resort antibiotics affecting, therefore, clinical efficacy and causing high rates of mortality. In this study, we investigate the whole genome sequence of a carbapenem-resistant C. freundii strain isolated from the hospital environment in Tunisia. A total of 210 samples were taken using sterile swabs, from inanimate surfaces, medical devices, and care staff, during the period extended between March and April 2019. After the microbiological analysis of samples and antimicrobial susceptibility testing, only one strain identified as C. freundii showing resistance to carbapenems was selected for the whole genome sequencing. The genome analysis revealed a high-level resistance to most antibiotics. Interestingly, we have noted the coexistence of blaNDM-1 and blaVIM-48 metallo-β-lactamase (MBL) encoding genes conferring resistance to carbapenems. Other β-lactamases encoding genes have also been detected, including blaTEM-1, blaCMY-48, and blaOXA-1. Moreover, genes conferring resistance to aminoglycoside [aac(3)-IId, ant(3″)-Ia, aadA, aac(6')-Ib], macrolide [mph(A)], sulfonamide (sul1), trimethoprim (dfrA1), tetracycline [tet(D)], chloramphenicol [cat(B3)], rifamycin (arr-3), and quinolone (qnrB) have been revealed. The multi-locus sequence typing analysis showed that this isolate could not be assigned to an existing sequence type (ST), but it is almost identical to ST22. The plasmid investigation revealed the presence of five plasmids belonging to diverse incompatibility groups (IncFII, IncHI1A, IncHI1B, IncN, and IncX3). To the best of our knowledge, our findings report the first detection of NDM-1 and VIM-48 coproducing C. freundii in Tunisia and the second detection in the world of the blaVIM-48.
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Affiliation(s)
- Raoudha Dziri
- Laboratory of Microorganisms and Active Biomolecules, Department of Biology, Faculty of Sciences of Tunis, University of Tunis El Manar, Tunis, Tunisia
| | - Mert Ahmet Kuşkucu
- Department of Infectious Diseases and Clinical Microbiology, İstanbul University-Cerrahpaşa, İstanbul, Turkey
| | - Amani Arfaoui
- Laboratory of Microorganisms and Active Biomolecules, Department of Biology, Faculty of Sciences of Tunis, University of Tunis El Manar, Tunis, Tunisia
| | - Meha Fethi
- Laboratory of Microorganisms and Active Biomolecules, Department of Biology, Faculty of Sciences of Tunis, University of Tunis El Manar, Tunis, Tunisia
| | - Safa Ifaoui
- Laboratory of Microorganisms and Active Biomolecules, Department of Biology, Faculty of Sciences of Tunis, University of Tunis El Manar, Tunis, Tunisia
| | - Ridha Bellaaj
- Service of Hospital Hygiene and Environmental Protection, Military Hospital of Tunis, Tunis, Tunisia
| | - Imene Ouzari
- Laboratory of Microorganisms and Active Biomolecules, Department of Biology, Faculty of Sciences of Tunis, University of Tunis El Manar, Tunis, Tunisia
| | - Neşe Saltoğlu
- Department of Infectious Diseases and Clinical Microbiology, İstanbul University-Cerrahpaşa, İstanbul, Turkey
| | - Naouel Klibi
- Laboratory of Microorganisms and Active Biomolecules, Department of Biology, Faculty of Sciences of Tunis, University of Tunis El Manar, Tunis, Tunisia
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Hachemi A, Zenia S, Denia MF, Guessoum M, Hachemi MM, Ait-Oudhia K. Epidemiological study of sausage in Algeria: Prevalence, quality assessment, and antibiotic resistance of Staphylococcus aureus isolates and the risk factors associated with consumer habits affecting foodborne poisoning. Vet World 2019; 12:1240-1250. [PMID: 31641303 PMCID: PMC6755385 DOI: 10.14202/vetworld.2019.1240-1250] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/26/2019] [Accepted: 07/01/2019] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Aim: The first aim was to assess the quality and determine the prevalence and antibiotic susceptibility of Staphylococcus aureus contamination of raw sausage sold in ten municipalities in the Northeast of Algeria. Second, a consumer sausage purchasing survey was designed to investigate potential risk factors that have a significant association with the occurrence of foodborne poisoning among sausage consumers’ behavior and its relationship with independent variables. Materials and Methods: A total of 230 butcheries from ten departments (Daira) of Algiers with more than 40 municipalities were included randomly in these studies to collect raw sausage samples and to distribute 700 structured questionnaires to meat consumers. Our two studies were conducted at the same time, between June 2016 and April 2018. Sausage samples were taken once per butchery to estimate the prevalence of S. aureus contamination and therefore deduct the quality assessment of raw sausage (Merguez) sold in Algiers, Algeria. All isolated strains were tested for their antimicrobial resistance. Furthermore, questionnaires were distributed and used to collect information on various aspects of sausage consumption and foodborne disease. The data collected were analyzed with different statistical approaches, such as the Chi-square test and the odds ratio (OR) univariable logistic model. All the risk factors were analyzed by studying their association with the occurrence of consumers who claimed to have food poisoning after consuming sausage. Results: The overall prevalence of S. aureus contamination from sausages was 25.22% (n=58/230). Over 83.33% of strains showed resistance to at least one of the antibiotics tested. The most important was for tetracycline (58%) followed by fosfomycin (33%), penicillin G (25%), and oxacillin (36%). Moreover, the multiple antibiotic resistance (MAR) index include 20 profiles with MAR >0.2. Out of the 440 meat consumers, 22.16% revealed having food poisoning after sausage consumption. The risk factors recorded were: Consumption outside of home (24.30%, OR=1.769, p=0.040), during the summer season (24.30%, OR=1.159) and during lunch (26.50%, OR=1.421). Conclusion: Our study highlights a high prevalence of S. aureus contamination in Merguez, especially in some departments of Algiers, and the high multidrug resistance of S. aureus isolates against tetracycline and oxacillin; thus, S. aureus contamination in sausage is considered a potential risk to public health. Therefore, to reduce and prevent the spread of resistant strains, robust management and monitoring of antibiotic use should be established. Therefore, it is necessary to improve the sanitation conditions and education regarding personal hygiene and change certain consumption habits of Algerian consumers to ensure food safety. Finally, it can be concluded that the application of the HACCP system is essential either in butcheries producing sausage and/or slaughterhouses. From this perspective, studies might be performed to characterize Staphylococcus spp and S. aureus to investigate their virulence factors.
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Affiliation(s)
- Amina Hachemi
- Laboratory of Food Hygiene and Quality Insurance System (HASAQ), Higher National Veterinary School, Rue Issad Abbes, Oued Smar, Algiers 16000, Algeria
| | - Safia Zenia
- Research Laboratory Management of Local Animal Resources (GRAAL), Higher National Veterinary School, Rue Issad Abbes, Oued Smar, Algiers 16000, Algeria
| | - Mohamed Fatih Denia
- Laboratory of Medical Biology, Beraki Road, BP 71, El Harrach, Algiers, Algeria
| | - Meryem Guessoum
- Research Laboratory Management of Local Animal Resources (GRAAL), Higher National Veterinary School, Rue Issad Abbes, Oued Smar, Algiers 16000, Algeria
| | | | - Khatima Ait-Oudhia
- Laboratory of Food Hygiene and Quality Insurance System (HASAQ), Higher National Veterinary School, Rue Issad Abbes, Oued Smar, Algiers 16000, Algeria
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Recent Developments in Accelerated Antibacterial Inactivation on 2D Cu-Titania Surfaces under Indoor Visible Light. COATINGS 2017. [DOI: 10.3390/coatings7020020] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/28/2022]
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Dziri R, Klibi N, Lozano C, Ben Said L, Bellaaj R, Tenorio C, Boudabous A, Ben Slama K, Torres C. High prevalence of Staphylococcus haemolyticus and Staphylococcus saprophyticus in environmental samples of a Tunisian hospital. Diagn Microbiol Infect Dis 2016; 85:136-40. [DOI: 10.1016/j.diagmicrobio.2016.03.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/04/2015] [Revised: 03/01/2016] [Accepted: 03/05/2016] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
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