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Browne G, Taipaleenmäki H, Bishop NM, Madasu SC, Shaw LM, van Wijnen AJ, Stein JL, Stein GS, Lian JB. Runx1 is associated with breast cancer progression in MMTV-PyMT transgenic mice and its depletion in vitro inhibits migration and invasion. J Cell Physiol 2015; 230:2522-32. [PMID: 25802202 DOI: 10.1002/jcp.24989] [Citation(s) in RCA: 57] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/19/2015] [Accepted: 03/16/2015] [Indexed: 01/12/2023]
Abstract
Runx1 is a transcription factor essential for definitive hematopoiesis, and genetic abnormalities in Runx1 cause leukemia. Runx1 is functionally promiscuous and acts as either an oncogene or tumor suppressor gene in certain epithelial cancers. Recent evidence suggests that Runx1 is an important factor in breast cancer, however, its role remains ambiguous. Here, we addressed whether Runx1 has a specific pathological role during breast cancer progression and show that Runx1 has an oncogenic function. We observed elevated Runx1 expression in a subset of human breast cancers. Furthermore, throughout the course of disease progression in a classical mouse model of breast cancer (i.e., the MMTV-PyMT transgenic model), Runx1 expression increases in the primary site (mammary gland) and is further upregulated in tumors and distal lung metastatic lesions. Ex vivo studies using tumor epithelial cells derived from these mice express significantly higher levels of Runx1 than normal mammary epithelial cells. The tumor cells exhibit increased rates of migration and invasion, indicative of an aggressive cancer phenotype. Inhibition of Runx1 expression using RNA interference significantly abrogates these cancer-relevant phenotypic characteristics. Importantly, our data establish that Runx1 contributes to murine mammary tumor development and malignancy and potentially represents a key disease-promoting and prognostic factor in human breast cancer progression and metastasis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gillian Browne
- Department of Biochemistry and Vermont Cancer Center, University of Vermont College of Medicine, Burlington, Vermont.,Department of Cell Biology, University of Massachusetts Medical School, Worcester, Massachusetts
| | - Hanna Taipaleenmäki
- Department of Cell Biology, University of Massachusetts Medical School, Worcester, Massachusetts.,Heisenberg-Group for Molecular Skeletal Biology, Department of Trauma, Hand & Reconstructive Surgery, University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf, Hamburg, Germany
| | - Nicole M Bishop
- Microscopy Imaging Center, University of Vermont College of Medicine, Burlington, Vermont
| | - Sharath C Madasu
- Department of Biochemistry and Vermont Cancer Center, University of Vermont College of Medicine, Burlington, Vermont
| | - Leslie M Shaw
- Department of Cancer Biology, University of Massachusetts Medical School, Worcester, Massachusetts
| | - Andre J van Wijnen
- Department of Cell Biology, University of Massachusetts Medical School, Worcester, Massachusetts.,Department of Orthopedic Surgery, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, Minnesota
| | - Janet L Stein
- Department of Biochemistry and Vermont Cancer Center, University of Vermont College of Medicine, Burlington, Vermont.,Department of Cell Biology, University of Massachusetts Medical School, Worcester, Massachusetts
| | - Gary S Stein
- Department of Biochemistry and Vermont Cancer Center, University of Vermont College of Medicine, Burlington, Vermont.,Department of Cell Biology, University of Massachusetts Medical School, Worcester, Massachusetts
| | - Jane B Lian
- Department of Biochemistry and Vermont Cancer Center, University of Vermont College of Medicine, Burlington, Vermont.,Department of Cell Biology, University of Massachusetts Medical School, Worcester, Massachusetts
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Abstract
Fundamental differences in samples, procedures, nature of results, automation, productivity, staffing levels, and background decision making along work flow and turnaround times characterize histology as a unique area within the medical laboratory. For histology laboratories to function successfully, individual and collective training, well-defined goals, and implemented accountabilities with effective supervision are required. The pathologist, as immediate client of the histology laboratory, has to be involved in the whole operation to assure optimal patient care.
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Affiliation(s)
- René J Buesa
- Histology Supervisor/Manager, Retired, Miramar, FL 33029-5926, USA.
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