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Ikken Y, Charof R, Benaouda A, Hilali F, Akkaoui S, Elouennass M, Sekhsokh Y. Epidemiology and antibiotic resistance profile of bacterial meningitis in Morocco from 2015 to 2018. Acta Microbiol Immunol Hung 2020; 67:243-251. [PMID: 33221736 DOI: 10.1556/030.2020.01222] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/02/2020] [Accepted: 09/01/2020] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
Abstract
Over a 4-year study period from 2015 to 2018, altogether 183 isolates of bacterial meningitis were collected from 12 hospitals covering the entire Moroccan territory. Neisseria meningitidis represented 58.5%, Streptococcus pneumoniae 35.5%, and Haemophilus influenzae type b 6%. H. influenzae type b mainly affected 5-year-olds and unvaccinated adults. N. meningitidis serogroup B represented 90.7% followed by serogroup W135 with 6.5%. Decreased susceptibility to penicillin G (DSPG) for all isolates accounted for 15.7%, with 11.6% being resistant to penicillin G (PG) and 4.1% decreased susceptibility. Cumulative results of all strains showed 2.7% decreased susceptibility to amoxicillin and 3.3% resistant, 2.2% of isolates were resistant to third-generation cephalosporin and 2.2% were decreased susceptible, 5.5% were resistant to chloramphenicol and 2.7% were resistant to rifampin. The frequency of DSPG observed in our study is more common in S. pneumoniae than in N. meningitidis (P < 0.05). These isolates have been found to be highly susceptible to antibiotics used for treatment and prophylaxis chemotherapy and the observed resistance remains rare. The impact of introduction of conjugate vaccines against H. influenzae type b and S. pneumoniae (PCVs) is an advantage in reducing meningitis cases due to these two species.
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Affiliation(s)
- Youssef Ikken
- 1Biosafety Level 3 and Research Laboratory, Mohammed V Military Teaching Hospital, Faculty of Medicine and Pharmacy, Mohammed V University in Rabat, Rabat 10 000, Morocco
- 2Laboratory of Medical Bacteriology, National Institute of Hygiene in Rabat, 27, Avenue Ibn Batouta, B.P. 769, Rabat 10 000, Morocco
| | - Réda Charof
- 2Laboratory of Medical Bacteriology, National Institute of Hygiene in Rabat, 27, Avenue Ibn Batouta, B.P. 769, Rabat 10 000, Morocco
| | - Amina Benaouda
- 3Laboratory of Microbiology, Cheick-Zaid University Hospital, University Internationale Abulcasis of Sciences and Health in Rabat, B.P. 6533, Avenue Allal El Fassi, Madinat Al Irfane, Rabat 10 000, Morocco
| | - Farida Hilali
- 1Biosafety Level 3 and Research Laboratory, Mohammed V Military Teaching Hospital, Faculty of Medicine and Pharmacy, Mohammed V University in Rabat, Rabat 10 000, Morocco
| | - Sanae Akkaoui
- 4Research Laboratory in Oral Biology and Biotechnology, Faculty of Dental Medicine, Mohammed V University in Rabat, Rabat 10 000, Morocco
| | - Mostafa Elouennass
- 5Laboratory of Bacteriology, Mohammed V Military Teaching Hospital, Faculty of Medicine and Pharmacy, Mohammed V University in Rabat, Rabat 10 000, Morocco
| | - Yassine Sekhsokh
- 1Biosafety Level 3 and Research Laboratory, Mohammed V Military Teaching Hospital, Faculty of Medicine and Pharmacy, Mohammed V University in Rabat, Rabat 10 000, Morocco
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Tchatchouang S, Nzouankeu A, Hong E, Terrade A, Denizon M, Deghmane AE, Ndiang SMT, Pefura-Yone EW, Penlap Beng V, Njouom R, Fonkoua MC, Taha MK. Analysis of Haemophilus species in patients with respiratory tract infections in Yaoundé, Cameroon. Int J Infect Dis 2020; 100:12-20. [PMID: 32827751 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijid.2020.08.040] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/22/2020] [Revised: 08/13/2020] [Accepted: 08/16/2020] [Indexed: 10/23/2022] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVES To identifyHaemophilus species and characterize antimicrobial susceptibility of isolates from patients with respiratory tract infections (RTIs) in Cameroon. METHODS Isolates (n = 95) were from patients with RTIs obtained from two Hospitals in Yaoundé, Cameroon. Isolates were identified by biochemical assay, PCR-based method, MALDI-TOF and whole genome sequencing. Antibiotic minimum inhibitory concentrations were determined by E-test. RESULTS H. influenzae was the most prevalent species varying from 76.8% to 84.2% according to different methods. The isolates were mainly nontypable (n = 70, 96%). Three isolates of H. influenzae were capsulated (b, e and f). The isolates were genetically diverse and 40 unique sequence types were identified including 11 new ones. Resistance to ampicillin was observed among 55.3% (52/94) and 9% (14/52) produced TEM-1 β-lactamase. PBP3 mutations occurred in 57.7% of ampicillin resistant isolates (30/52). Eleven isolates were chloramphenicol resistant with 80% producing chloramphenicol acetyltransferase (8/10). Four Haemophilus isolates were rifampicin resistant with two mutations in rpoB gene. Five isolates were ciprofloxacin resistant and harbored mutations in the quinolone resistance determining regions of gyrA and parC genes. CONCLUSION H. influenzae isolates are highly diverse and show high levels of antibiotic resistance. H. influenzae serotype b is still circulating in the post-vaccination era.
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Affiliation(s)
- Serges Tchatchouang
- Department of Virology, Centre Pasteur of Cameroon, Yaoundé, Cameroon; Department of Bacteriology, Centre Pasteur of Cameroon, Yaoundé, Cameroon; Department of Biochemistry, University of Yaoundé, Yaoundé, Cameroon; Invasive Bacterial Infections Unit, National Reference Centre for Meningococci and Haemophilus influenzae, Institut Pasteur, Paris, France
| | - Ariane Nzouankeu
- Department of Bacteriology, Centre Pasteur of Cameroon, Yaoundé, Cameroon
| | - Eva Hong
- Invasive Bacterial Infections Unit, National Reference Centre for Meningococci and Haemophilus influenzae, Institut Pasteur, Paris, France
| | - Aude Terrade
- Invasive Bacterial Infections Unit, National Reference Centre for Meningococci and Haemophilus influenzae, Institut Pasteur, Paris, France
| | - Mélanie Denizon
- Invasive Bacterial Infections Unit, National Reference Centre for Meningococci and Haemophilus influenzae, Institut Pasteur, Paris, France
| | - Ala-Eddine Deghmane
- Invasive Bacterial Infections Unit, National Reference Centre for Meningococci and Haemophilus influenzae, Institut Pasteur, Paris, France
| | | | | | | | - Richard Njouom
- Department of Virology, Centre Pasteur of Cameroon, Yaoundé, Cameroon
| | | | - Muhamed-Kheir Taha
- Invasive Bacterial Infections Unit, National Reference Centre for Meningococci and Haemophilus influenzae, Institut Pasteur, Paris, France.
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Rafei R, Hawli M, Osman M, Dabboussi F, Hamze M. Distribution of emm types and macrolide resistance determinants among group A streptococci in the Middle East and North Africa region. J Glob Antimicrob Resist 2020; 22:334-348. [PMID: 32084609 DOI: 10.1016/j.jgar.2020.02.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/07/2019] [Revised: 02/03/2020] [Accepted: 02/09/2020] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVES The aim of this review was to provide an updated scenario on the epidemiology of group A streptococci (GAS) in the Middle East and North Africa (MENA) region with a special spotlight on the most prevalent emmtypes and macrolide resistance profiles. METHODS This review briefly summarises the disease burden for GAS in the MENA region. RESULTS Whilst the burden of invasive GAS infections is difficult to assess in the MENA region, the GAS prevalence ranged from 2.5% up to 42.4% in pharyngitis patients and from 2.4% up to 35.4% in healthy carriers.emm1, emm12, emm89, emm4, emm28 and emm3were responsible for the major GAS burden in the MENA region. The coverage rate of the new M protein-based vaccine candidate (30-valent) varied from 42% to 100% according to the country. The rate of erythromycin resistance differed substantially between countries from low to moderate or high. CONCLUSION These data add more shreds of evidence on the neglected GAS burden in the MENA region. Systematic surveillance of invasive GAS infections along with molecular characterisation of GAS isolates are strongly recommended to track the trends of circulating clones and to evaluate the potential coverage of vaccine candidates.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rayane Rafei
- Laboratoire Microbiologie Santé et Environnement (LMSE), Doctoral School of Sciences and Technology, Faculty of Public Health, Lebanese University, Tripoli, Lebanon
| | - Malaik Hawli
- Laboratoire Microbiologie Santé et Environnement (LMSE), Doctoral School of Sciences and Technology, Faculty of Public Health, Lebanese University, Tripoli, Lebanon
| | - Marwan Osman
- Laboratoire Microbiologie Santé et Environnement (LMSE), Doctoral School of Sciences and Technology, Faculty of Public Health, Lebanese University, Tripoli, Lebanon
| | - Fouad Dabboussi
- Laboratoire Microbiologie Santé et Environnement (LMSE), Doctoral School of Sciences and Technology, Faculty of Public Health, Lebanese University, Tripoli, Lebanon
| | - Monzer Hamze
- Laboratoire Microbiologie Santé et Environnement (LMSE), Doctoral School of Sciences and Technology, Faculty of Public Health, Lebanese University, Tripoli, Lebanon.
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Barth DD, Moloi A, Mayosi BM, Engel ME. Prevalence of group A Streptococcal infection in Africa to inform GAS vaccines for rheumatic heart disease: A systematic review and meta-analysis. Int J Cardiol 2019; 307:200-208. [PMID: 31864789 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijcard.2019.11.109] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/19/2019] [Accepted: 11/14/2019] [Indexed: 10/25/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND The prevalence of group A streptococcal (GAS) disease is estimated at >18.1 million cases with an incidence of >1.78 million cases per year. While a significant cause of mortality and morbidity on the global scale, the burden of GAS disease in Africa is unknown. We conducted a systematic review on the prevalence of GAS disease among children and adults in Africa and the frequency and distribution of emm types among isolates. METHODS We performed a comprehensive literature search in a number of databases, using an African search filter. Two reviewers independently selected articles meeting pre-specified criteria and extracted relevant data as per a data extraction form. We applied the random-effects meta-analysis model to aggregate GAS prevalence estimates with 95% CI for GAS prevalence, incorporating the Freeman-Tukey transformation to account for between-study variability. RESULTS Twenty-five studies were included. Invasive GAS disease prevalence ranged from 0.6% to 10.8% in samples from normally-sterile sites including blood, CSF and soft tissue. A single study reported a prevalence of 74% in skin infections. Prevalence of emm types varied with up to 88 different strains reported, corresponding to a vaccine coverage of 28% to 65%. The pooled prevalence of GAS in persons presenting with pharyngitis was 21% (95% CI, 17% to 26%). CONCLUSIONS The prevalence of GAS remains high among symptomatic individuals residing in Africa. Data on molecular strain characterisation of GAS in Africa is largely non-existent, thus the need for further studies is warranted to inform current prevention efforts including vaccine development.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dylan D Barth
- Department of Medicine, Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Cape Town & Groote Schuur Hospital, Cape Town, South Africa; Wesfarmer's Centre for Vaccines and Infectious diseases, Telethon Kids Institute, Nedlands, Perth, Western Australia, Australia; Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, University of Western Australia, Nedlands, Perth, Western Australia, Australia
| | - Annesinah Moloi
- South African Medical Research Council, Cape Town, South Africa; Department of Medicine, Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Cape Town & Groote Schuur Hospital, Cape Town, South Africa
| | - Bongani M Mayosi
- Department of Medicine, Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Cape Town & Groote Schuur Hospital, Cape Town, South Africa
| | - Mark E Engel
- Department of Medicine, Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Cape Town & Groote Schuur Hospital, Cape Town, South Africa.
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Gautret P, Mouffok N, Parola P. North Africa. Infect Dis (Lond) 2017. [DOI: 10.1002/9781119085751.ch10] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/11/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Philippe Gautret
- Unité de Recherche sur les maladies Infectieuses et Tropicales Emergentes; Aix-Marseille Université; Marseille France
| | - Nadjet Mouffok
- Service des Maladies Infectieuses; Centre Hospitalier Universitaire d'Oran; Oran Algeria
| | - Philippe Parola
- Unité des Rickettsies, Faculté de Médecine; Université de la Méditerranée; Marseille France
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Ramdani-Bouguessa N, Ziane H, Bekhoucha S, Guechi Z, Azzam A, Touati D, Naim M, Azrou S, Hamidi M, Mertani A, Laraba A, Annane T, Kermani S, Tazir M. Evolution of antimicrobial resistance and serotype distribution of Streptococcus pneumoniae isolated from children with invasive and noninvasive pneumococcal diseases in Algeria from 2005 to 2012. New Microbes New Infect 2015; 6:42-8. [PMID: 26106481 PMCID: PMC4475694 DOI: 10.1016/j.nmni.2015.02.008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/19/2014] [Revised: 12/19/2014] [Accepted: 02/24/2015] [Indexed: 11/26/2022] Open
Abstract
Pneumococcal infections are a major cause of morbidity and mortality in developing countries. The introduction of pneumococcal conjugate vaccines (PCVs) has dramatically reduced the incidence of pneumococcal diseases. PCVs are not currently being used in Algeria. We conducted a prospective study from 2005 to 2012 in Algeria to determine antimicrobial drug resistance and serotype distribution of Streptococcus pneumoniae from children with pneumococcal disease. Among 270 isolated strains from children, 97 (36%) were invasive disease; of these, 48% were not susceptible to penicillin and 53% not susceptible to erythromycin. A high rate of antimicrobial nonsusceptibility was observed in strains isolated from children with meningitis. The serotype distribution from pneumococci isolated from children with invasive infections was (by order of prevalence): 14, 1, 19F, 19A, 6B, 5, 3, 6A and 23F. Multidrug resistance was observed in serotypes 14, 19F, 19A and 6B. The vaccine coverage of serotypes isolated from children aged <5 years was 55.3% for PCV7, 71.1% for PCV10 and 86.8% for PCV13. Our results highlight the burden of pneumococcal disease in Algeria and the increasing S. pneumoniae antibiotic resistance. The current pneumococcal vaccines cover a high percentage of the circulating strains. Therefore, vaccination would reduce the incidence of pneumococcal disease in Algeria.
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Affiliation(s)
- N. Ramdani-Bouguessa
- Service de Microbiologie, Centre Hospitalier Universitaire Mustapha Bacha, Algeria
| | - H. Ziane
- Service de Microbiologie, Centre Hospitalier Universitaire Mustapha Bacha, Algeria
| | - S. Bekhoucha
- Centre Hospitalier Universitaire d’Oran, Oran, Algeria
| | - Z. Guechi
- Centre Hospitalier Universitaire Nafissa Hamoud, Algeria
| | - A. Azzam
- Centre Hospitalier Universitaire Nedir Mohamed, Tizi Ouzou, Algeria
| | - D. Touati
- Centre Hospitalier Universitaire Issad Hassani, Béni-Messous, Algiers, Algeria
| | - M. Naim
- Hôpital Central de l’Armée Mohamed Seghir Nekkache, Algeria
| | - S. Azrou
- Hôpital de Boufarik, Blida, Algeria
| | | | - A. Mertani
- Service de Microbiologie, Centre Hospitalier Universitaire Mustapha Bacha, Algeria
| | - A. Laraba
- Centre Hospitalier Universitaire Lamine Debaghine, Algeria
| | - T. Annane
- Centre Hospitalier Universitaire Lamine Debaghine, Algeria
| | | | - M. Tazir
- Service de Microbiologie, Centre Hospitalier Universitaire Mustapha Bacha, Algeria
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Jroundi I, Mahraoui C, Benmessaoud R, Moraleda C, Benjelloun B, Bassat Q. Knowledge gaps on paediatric respiratory infections in Morocco, Northern Africa. Arch Public Health 2015; 73:28. [PMID: 26078866 PMCID: PMC4466841 DOI: 10.1186/s13690-015-0076-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/24/2015] [Accepted: 04/14/2015] [Indexed: 11/10/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND The burden of acute respiratory infections (ARI) among Moroccan children remains significant. However, scarce information is available regarding trends in its epidemiology and etiology, or regarding its associated prognostic factors. The purpose of this work was to review available data on the burden of ARI among children under five years of age in Morocco. METHODS A systematic review was conducted for the period 1997-2014 using the PRISMA proposed methodology. Various online databases were screened, in addition to physical libraries of Moroccan medical schools, and official reports of the Moroccan Ministry of Health. Search queries in English and French languages included: Respiratory Tract Infections, pneumonia, epidemiology, etiology, microbiology, mortality and Morocco. The documents were included for analysis when they reported original data on the incidence, distribution, or a clinical description of the diseases or their etiology or described clinical management or national preventive strategies. RESULTS Thirty-two documents were included in the final analysis. 21 of which had been published. In 2012, ARI caused 13% of paediatric deaths, half of the consultations at health facilities and third of the paediatric admissions. The microorganisms more frequently identified among hospitalized children were Streptococcus pneumoniae (38%) and Haemophilus influenza type b (Hib) (15%). The MOH introduced Hib vaccines into the national immunization program (PNI) in 2007and the 13-valent vaccine against pneumococcus in 2010. The national first line antibiotics recommended for non-severe ambulatory treatment is Amoxicillin. Studies of antibiotic resistance showed from 1998 to 2008 a 22% increase in the rate of penicillin non-susceptibility among Streptococcus pneumoniae isolates. Viral respiratory infections and the role attributed to air pollution in the incidence of ARI have been poorly characterized. CONCLUSIONS Further efforts should be made towards the development of adequate surveillance programs to better clarify the epidemiology, etiology, antimicrobial susceptibility patterns and the effectiveness of the preventives and curatives strategies in place against paediatric ARIs in Morocco. Additionally, a holistical approach should be used to identify the heath determinants of ARIs among children.
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Affiliation(s)
- Imane Jroundi
- />ISGlobal, Barcelona. Ctr International Health Research (CRESIB), Hospital clinic. Universitat de Barcelona, Calle Rosselló 132, 4°, PC 08036 Barcelona, Spain
- />Laboratoire de santé publique et de médecine communautaire. Faculté de Médecine et de Pharmacie de Rabat, Université Mohamed V, Rabat, Morocco. AV Mohamed Belarbi El Alaoui Rabat Institut, BP 6203 Rabat, Morocco
| | - Chafiq Mahraoui
- />Hôpital d’Enfants de Rabat (HER), Centre Hospitalier Universitaire Ibn Sina, Rabat, Morocco. Rue Lamfadel Cherkaoui Rabat Institut, BP 6527 Rabat, Morocco
| | - Rachid Benmessaoud
- />ISGlobal, Barcelona. Ctr International Health Research (CRESIB), Hospital clinic. Universitat de Barcelona, Calle Rosselló 132, 4°, PC 08036 Barcelona, Spain
| | - Cinta Moraleda
- />ISGlobal, Barcelona. Ctr International Health Research (CRESIB), Hospital clinic. Universitat de Barcelona, Calle Rosselló 132, 4°, PC 08036 Barcelona, Spain
| | - BadrSououd Benjelloun
- />Hôpital d’Enfants de Rabat (HER), Centre Hospitalier Universitaire Ibn Sina, Rabat, Morocco. Rue Lamfadel Cherkaoui Rabat Institut, BP 6527 Rabat, Morocco
| | - Quique Bassat
- />ISGlobal, Barcelona. Ctr International Health Research (CRESIB), Hospital clinic. Universitat de Barcelona, Calle Rosselló 132, 4°, PC 08036 Barcelona, Spain
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Laxminarayan R, Duse A, Wattal C, Zaidi AKM, Wertheim HFL, Sumpradit N, Vlieghe E, Hara GL, Gould IM, Goossens H, Greko C, So AD, Bigdeli M, Tomson G, Woodhouse W, Ombaka E, Peralta AQ, Qamar FN, Mir F, Kariuki S, Bhutta ZA, Coates A, Bergstrom R, Wright GD, Brown ED, Cars O. Antibiotic resistance-the need for global solutions. THE LANCET. INFECTIOUS DISEASES 2013; 13:1057-98. [PMID: 24252483 DOI: 10.1016/s1473-3099(13)70318-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2490] [Impact Index Per Article: 226.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
The causes of antibiotic resistance are complex and include human behaviour at many levels of society; the consequences affect everybody in the world. Similarities with climate change are evident. Many efforts have been made to describe the many different facets of antibiotic resistance and the interventions needed to meet the challenge. However, coordinated action is largely absent, especially at the political level, both nationally and internationally. Antibiotics paved the way for unprecedented medical and societal developments, and are today indispensible in all health systems. Achievements in modern medicine, such as major surgery, organ transplantation, treatment of preterm babies, and cancer chemotherapy, which we today take for granted, would not be possible without access to effective treatment for bacterial infections. Within just a few years, we might be faced with dire setbacks, medically, socially, and economically, unless real and unprecedented global coordinated actions are immediately taken. Here, we describe the global situation of antibiotic resistance, its major causes and consequences, and identify key areas in which action is urgently needed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ramanan Laxminarayan
- Center for Disease Dynamics, Economics and Policy, Washington, DC, USA; Princeton University, Princeton NJ, USA; Public Health Foundation of India, New Delhi, India
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Camara M, Dieng A, Boye CSB. Antibiotic susceptibility of streptococcus pyogenes isolated from respiratory tract infections in dakar, senegal. Microbiol Insights 2013; 6:71-5. [PMID: 24826076 PMCID: PMC3987753 DOI: 10.4137/mbi.s12996] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/05/2022] Open
Abstract
Group A Streptococcus (GAS) is one of the major causes of respiratory tract infections. The objectives of this study were to identify isolates of S. pyogenes obtained from respiratory tract infections, and to assess their susceptibility to several antibiotics. A total of 40 strains were isolated and their susceptibility to 17 antibiotics was tested using a standard disk diffusion method. The minimum inhibitory concentrations (MICs) were determined using the E-test. All isolates were sensitive to β-lactam antibiotics including penicillin, amoxicillin, and cephalosporins. Macrolides remain active with the exception of spiramycin, which showed reduced susceptibility. Out of the 40 isolates, 100% of the isolates were resistant to tetracycline. Interestingly, isolates were sensitive to chloramphenicol, teicoplanin, vancomycine, and levofloxacin, providing potential alternative choices of treatment against infections with S. pyogenes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Makhtar Camara
- Laboratory of Bacteriology-Virology, Centre Hospitalier Universitaire Le Dantec, Cheikh Anta DIOP University, Dakar, Senegal
| | - Assane Dieng
- Laboratory of Bacteriology-Virology, Centre Hospitalier Universitaire Le Dantec, Cheikh Anta DIOP University, Dakar, Senegal
| | - Cheikh Saad Bouh Boye
- Laboratory of Bacteriology-Virology, Centre Hospitalier Universitaire Le Dantec, Cheikh Anta DIOP University, Dakar, Senegal
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Benbachir M, Elmdaghri N, Belabbes H, Haddioui G, Benzaid H, Zaki B. Eleven-year surveillance of antibiotic resistance in Streptococcus pneumoniae in Casablanca (Morocco). Microb Drug Resist 2012; 18:157-60. [PMID: 22217142 DOI: 10.1089/mdr.2011.0130] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVE To analyze trends of antibiotic resistance rates in Streptococcus pneumoniae from 1998 to 2008 in Casablanca (Morocco). METHODS The antibiotic resistance levels of 955 consecutive nonduplicate isolates were studied using E test and disc diffusion methods. Results were interpreted following Clinical and Laboratory Standards Institute guidelines (2005). Analysis was done according to three periods (1998-2001; 2002-2005; 2006-2008), age, and site of infection. RESULTS Penicillin nonsusceptibility (PNS) increased significantly over time (15.6%, 17.8%, and 24.8%; p=0.003). Levels of PNS have changed as well: in 2006-2008, 9.1% of the isolates had an MIC ≥2 μg/ml versus 7.7% in 2002-2005 and 3.4% in 1998-2001. The PNS increase was particularly marked in pediatric isolates (21.4%, 25.5%, and 43.3%; p=0.001). There was no significant difference between the rates of PNS in invasive and noninvasive isolates from children, whereas in adults noninvasive isolates were more penicillin nonsusceptible. Amoxicillin and ceftriaxone nonsusceptible isolates were very rare. An increase of resistance rates was also noticed for erythromycin (9.4%, 12.2%, and 14.4%), tetracycline (20%, 18.6%, and 30.5%), and chloramphenicol (5.6%, 5.6%, and 8.1%). Trimethoprim-sulfamethoxazole resistance rates remained stable (22.8%, 20%, and 23.8%). Proportions of dual nonsusceptibility to penicillin and erythromycin, increased from 5.6% to 8.9%. Multiple drug resistance (resistance to 3 or more antibiotic classes) was found in 0%, 2.4%, and 7.7% of all isolates, respectively. CONCLUSION The results reported here maybe useful for guiding update of treatment recommendations and suggest the need for continuous surveillance. Increase of antibiotic resistance correlated with antibiotic consumption, stressing the need for elaboration of antibiotic policy in Morocco.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mohamed Benbachir
- Laboratoire de Microbiologie, Centre Hospitalier Universitaire Ibn Rochd , Casablanca, Morocco
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Bouskraoui M, Soraa N, Zahlane K, Arsalane L, Doit C, Mariani P, Bingen E. Étude du portage rhinopharyngé de Streptococcus pneumoniae et de sa sensibilité aux antibiotiques chez les enfants en bonne santé âgés de moins de 2ans dans la région de Marrakech (Maroc). Arch Pediatr 2011; 18:1265-70. [DOI: 10.1016/j.arcped.2011.08.028] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/27/2010] [Revised: 08/07/2011] [Accepted: 08/25/2011] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
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