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Jadi O, Tang H, Olsen K, Vensko S, Zhu Q, Wang Y, Haiman CA, Pooler L, Sheng X, Brock G, Webb A, Pasquini MC, McCarthy PL, Spellman SR, Hahn T, Vincent B, Armistead P, Sucheston-Campbell LE. Associations of minor histocompatibility antigens with outcomes following allogeneic hematopoietic cell transplantation. Am J Hematol 2023; 98:940-950. [PMID: 37052167 PMCID: PMC10368187 DOI: 10.1002/ajh.26925] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/14/2023] [Revised: 03/09/2023] [Accepted: 03/23/2023] [Indexed: 04/14/2023]
Abstract
The role of minor histocompatibility antigens (mHAs) in mediating graft versus leukemia and graft versus host disease (GvHD) following allogeneic hematopoietic cell transplantation (alloHCT) is recognized but not well-characterized. By implementing improved methods for mHA prediction in two large patient cohorts, this study aimed to comprehensively explore the role of mHAs in alloHCT by analyzing whether (1) the number of predicted mHAs, or (2) individual mHAs are associated with clinical outcomes. The study population consisted of 2249 donor-recipient pairs treated for acute myeloid leukemia and myelodysplastic syndrome with alloHCT. A Cox proportional hazard model showed that patients with a class I mHA count greater than the population median had an increased hazard of GvHD mortality (hazard ratio [HR] = 1.39, 95% confidence interval [CI] = 1.01, 1.77, p = .046). Competing risk analyses identified the class I mHAs DLRCKYISL (GSTP), WEHGPTSLL (CRISPLD2), and STSPTTNVL (SERPINF2) were associated with increased GVHD mortality (HR = 2.84, 95% CI = 1.52, 5.31, p = .01), decreased leukemia-free survival (LFS) (HR = 1.94, 95% CI = 1.27, 2.95, p = .044), and increased disease-related mortality (DRM) (HR = 2.32, 95% CI = 1.5, 3.6, p = .008), respectively. One class II mHA YQEIAAIPSAGRERQ (TACC2) was associated with increased risk of treatment-related mortality (TRM) (HR = 3.05, 95% CI = 1.75, 5.31, p = .02). WEHGPTSLL and STSPTTNVL were both present within HLA haplotype B*40:01-C*03:04 and showed a positive dose-response relationship with increased all-cause mortality and DRM and decreased LFS, indicating these two mHAs contribute to the risk of mortality in an additive manner. Our study reports the first large-scale investigation of the associations of predicted mHA peptides with clinical outcomes following alloHCT.
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Affiliation(s)
- Othmane Jadi
- Lineberger Comprehensive Cancer Center, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, CB# 7295, Chapel Hill, NC
| | - Hancong Tang
- College of Pharmacy, The Ohio State University, Columbus, OH
| | - Kelly Olsen
- Lineberger Comprehensive Cancer Center, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, CB# 7295, Chapel Hill, NC
| | - Steven Vensko
- Lineberger Comprehensive Cancer Center, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, CB# 7295, Chapel Hill, NC
| | - Qianqian Zhu
- Department of Biostatistics and Bioinformatics, Roswell Park Comprehensive Cancer Center, Buffalo, NY
| | - Yiwen Wang
- Quantitative Sciences Unit, Department of Medicine, Stanford University, Palo Alto, CA
| | - Christopher A Haiman
- Department of Preventive Medicine, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, CA
| | - Loreall Pooler
- The Center for Genetic Epidemiology, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, CA
| | - Xin Sheng
- Department of Preventive Medicine, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, CA
| | - Guy Brock
- Department of Biomedical Informatics, The Ohio State University, Columbus, OH
| | - Amy Webb
- Department of Biomedical Informatics, The Ohio State University, Columbus, OH
| | - Marcelo C. Pasquini
- Center for International Blood and Marrow Transplant Research, Medical College of Wisconsin, Milwaukee, WI
| | - Philip L McCarthy
- Department of Biostatistics and Bioinformatics, Roswell Park Comprehensive Cancer Center, Buffalo, NY
| | - Stephen R. Spellman
- Center for International Blood and Marrow Transplant Research, National Marrow Donor Program, Minneapolis, MN
| | - Theresa Hahn
- Department of Cancer Prevention & Control, Roswell Park Comprehensive Cancer Center, Buffalo, NY
| | - Benjamin Vincent
- Lineberger Comprehensive Cancer Center, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, CB# 7295, Chapel Hill, NC
- Division of Hematology, Department of Medicine, UNC School of Medicine, Chapel Hill, NC
| | - Paul Armistead
- Lineberger Comprehensive Cancer Center, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, CB# 7295, Chapel Hill, NC
- Division of Hematology, Department of Medicine, UNC School of Medicine, Chapel Hill, NC
| | - Lara E. Sucheston-Campbell
- College of Pharmacy, The Ohio State University, Columbus, OH
- College of Veterinary Medicine, The Ohio State University, Columbus, OH
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2
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Olsen KS, Jadi O, Dexheimer S, Bortone DS, Vensko SP, Bennett S, Tang H, Diiorio M, Saran T, Dingfelder D, Zhu Q, Wang Y, Haiman CA, Pooler L, Sheng X, Webb A, Pasquini MC, McCarthy PL, Spellman SR, Weimer E, Hahn T, Sucheston-Campbell L, Armistead PM, Vincent BG. Shared graft-versus-leukemia minor histocompatibility antigens in DISCOVeRY-BMT. Blood Adv 2023; 7:1635-1649. [PMID: 36477467 PMCID: PMC10182302 DOI: 10.1182/bloodadvances.2022008863] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/01/2022] [Revised: 11/07/2022] [Accepted: 11/16/2022] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
T-cell responses to minor histocompatibility antigens (mHAs) mediate graft-versus-leukemia (GVL) effects and graft-versus-host disease (GVHD) in allogeneic hematopoietic cell transplantation. Therapies that boost T-cell responses improve allogeneic hematopoietic cell transplant (alloHCT) efficacy but are limited by concurrent increases in the incidence and severity of GVHD. mHAs with expression restricted to hematopoietic tissue (GVL mHAs) are attractive targets for driving GVL without causing GVHD. Prior work to identify mHAs has focused on a small set of mHAs or population-level single-nucleotide polymorphism-association studies. We report the discovery of a large set of novel GVL mHAs based on predicted immunogenicity, tissue expression, and degree of sharing among donor-recipient pairs (DRPs) in the DISCOVeRY-BMT data set of 3231 alloHCT DRPs. The total number of predicted mHAs varied by HLA allele, and the total number and number of each class of mHA significantly differed by recipient genomic ancestry group. From the pool of predicted mHAs, we identified the smallest sets of GVL mHAs needed to cover 100% of DRPs with a given HLA allele. We used mass spectrometry to search for high-population frequency mHAs for 3 common HLA alleles. We validated 24 predicted novel GVL mHAs that are found cumulatively within 98.8%, 60.7%, and 78.9% of DRPs within DISCOVeRY-BMT that express HLA-A∗02:01, HLA-B∗35:01, and HLA-C∗07:02, respectively. We confirmed the immunogenicity of an example novel mHA via T-cell coculture with peptide-pulsed dendritic cells. This work demonstrates that the identification of shared mHAs is a feasible and promising technique for expanding mHA-targeting immunotherapeutics.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kelly S. Olsen
- Lineberger Comprehensive Cancer Center, The University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, UNC School of Medicine, The University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC
| | - Othmane Jadi
- Lineberger Comprehensive Cancer Center, The University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC
| | - Sarah Dexheimer
- Lineberger Comprehensive Cancer Center, The University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC
| | - Dante S. Bortone
- Lineberger Comprehensive Cancer Center, The University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC
| | - Steven P. Vensko
- Lineberger Comprehensive Cancer Center, The University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC
| | - Sarah Bennett
- Lineberger Comprehensive Cancer Center, The University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, UNC School of Medicine, The University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC
| | - Hancong Tang
- College of Pharmacy, The Ohio State University, Columbus, OH
| | - Marisa Diiorio
- Lineberger Comprehensive Cancer Center, The University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC
| | - Tanvi Saran
- Lineberger Comprehensive Cancer Center, The University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC
| | - David Dingfelder
- Lineberger Comprehensive Cancer Center, The University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC
| | - Qianqian Zhu
- Department of Biostatistics and Bioinformatics, Roswell Park Comprehensive Cancer Center, Buffalo, NY
| | - Yiwen Wang
- Quantitative Sciences Unit, Department of Medicine, Stanford University, Palo Alto, CA
| | - Christopher A. Haiman
- Department of Preventive Medicine, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, CA
| | - Loreall Pooler
- The Center for Genetic Epidemiology, University of South California, Los Angeles, CA
| | - Xin Sheng
- Department of Preventive Medicine, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, CA
| | - Amy Webb
- Department of Biomedical Informatics, The Ohio State University, Columbus, OH
| | - Marcelo C. Pasquini
- Center for International Blood and Marrow Transplant Research and Medical College of Wisconsin, Milwaukee, WI
| | - Philip L. McCarthy
- Department of Biostatistics and Bioinformatics, Roswell Park Comprehensive Cancer Center, Buffalo, NY
| | - Stephen R. Spellman
- National Marrow Donor Program, Center for International Blood and Marrow Transplant Research, Minneapolis, MN
| | - Eric Weimer
- Department of Pathology & Laboratory Medicine, UNC School of Medicine, Chapel Hill, NC
| | - Theresa Hahn
- Department of Cancer Prevention & Control, Roswell Park Comprehensive Cancer Center, Buffalo, NY
| | - Lara Sucheston-Campbell
- College of Pharmacy, The Ohio State University, Columbus, OH
- College of Veterinary Medicine, The Ohio State University, Columbus, OH
| | - Paul M. Armistead
- Lineberger Comprehensive Cancer Center, The University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC
- Division of Hematology, Department of Medicine, UNC School of Medicine, The University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC
| | - Benjamin G. Vincent
- Lineberger Comprehensive Cancer Center, The University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, UNC School of Medicine, The University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC
- Division of Hematology, Department of Medicine, UNC School of Medicine, The University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC
- Computational Medicine Program, UNC School of Medicine, The University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC
- Curriculum in Bioinformatics and Computational Biology, UNC School of Medicine, The University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC
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3
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Hahn T, Wang J, Preus LM, Karaesmen E, Rizvi A, Clay-Gilmour AI, Zhu Q, Wang Y, Yan L, Liu S, Stram DO, Pooler L, Sheng X, Haiman CA, Berg DVD, Webb A, Brock G, Spellman SR, Onel K, McCarthy PL, Pasquini MC, Sucheston-Campbell LE. Novel genetic variants associated with mortality after unrelated donor allogeneic hematopoietic cell transplantation. EClinicalMedicine 2021; 40:101093. [PMID: 34746714 PMCID: PMC8548922 DOI: 10.1016/j.eclinm.2021.101093] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/03/2021] [Revised: 07/26/2021] [Accepted: 07/30/2021] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Identification of non-human leukocyte antigen (HLA) genetic risk factors could improve survival after allogeneic blood or marrow transplant (BMT) through matching at additional loci or individualizing risk prediction. We hypothesized that non-HLA loci contributed significantly to 1-year overall survival (OS), disease related mortality (DRM) or transplant related mortality (TRM) after unrelated donor (URD)BMT. METHODS We performed a genome-wide association study (GWAS) in 2,887 acute myeloid leukemia (AML), myelodysplastic syndrome (MDS) and acute lymphoblastic leukemia (ALL) patients and their ≥8/8 HLA-matched URDs comprising two independent cohorts treated from 2000-2011. FINDINGS Using meta-analyses of both cohorts, genome-wide significant associations (p < 5 × 10-8) were identified in: recipient genomes with OS at MBNL1 (rs9990017, HR = 1.4, 95% CI 1.24-1.56, p = 3.3 × 10-8) and donor-recipient genotype mismatch with OS at LINC02774 (rs10927108, HR = 1.34, 95% CI 1.21-1.48, p = 2.0 × 10-8); donor genomes with DRM at PCNX4 (rs79076914, HR = 1.7, 95% CI 1.41-2.05, p = 3.15 × 10-8), LINC01194 (rs79498125, HR = 1.86, 95% CI 1.49-2.31, p = 2.84 × 10-8), ARID5B (rs2167710, HR = 1.5, 95% CI 1.31-1.73, p = 6.9 × 10-9) and CT49 (rs32250, HR = 1.44, 95% CI1.26-1.64, p = 2.6 × 10-8); recipient genomes at PILRB with TRM (rs141591562, HR = 2.33, 95% CI 1.74-3.12, p = 1.26 × 10-8) and donor-recipient genotype mismatch between EPGN and MTHF2DL with TRM (rs75868097, HR = 2.66, 95% CI 1.92-3.58, p = 4.6 × 10-9). Results publicly available at https://fuma.ctglab.nl/browse. INTERPRETATION These data provide the first evidence that non-HLA common genetic variation at novel loci with biochemical function significantly impacts 1-year URD-BMT survival. Our findings have implications for donor selection, could guide treatment strategies and provide individualized risk prediction after future validation and functional studies. FUNDING This project was funded by grants from the National Institutes of Health, USA.
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Affiliation(s)
- Theresa Hahn
- Department of Medicine, Roswell Park Comprehensive Cancer Center, Buffalo, NY, USA
- Corresponding author.
| | - Junke Wang
- College of Pharmacy, The Ohio State University, Columbus, OH, USA
| | - Leah M. Preus
- Department of Epidemiology and Environmental Health, State University of New York at Buffalo, Buffalo, NY, USA
| | - Ezgi Karaesmen
- College of Pharmacy, The Ohio State University, Columbus, OH, USA
| | - Abbas Rizvi
- College of Pharmacy, The Ohio State University, Columbus, OH, USA
| | - Alyssa I. Clay-Gilmour
- Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, Arnold School of Public Health, University of South Carolina, Columbia, SC, USA
| | - Qianqian Zhu
- Department of Biostatistics and Bioinformatics, Roswell Park Comprehensive Cancer Center, Buffalo, NY, USA
| | - Yiwen Wang
- College of Pharmacy, The Ohio State University, Columbus, OH, USA
| | - Li Yan
- Department of Biostatistics and Bioinformatics, Roswell Park Comprehensive Cancer Center, Buffalo, NY, USA
| | - Song Liu
- Department of Biostatistics and Bioinformatics, Roswell Park Comprehensive Cancer Center, Buffalo, NY, USA
| | - Daniel O. Stram
- Department of Preventive Medicine, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, CA, USA
| | - Loreall Pooler
- Department of Preventive Medicine, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, CA, USA
| | - Xin Sheng
- Department of Preventive Medicine, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, CA, USA
| | - Christopher A. Haiman
- Department of Preventive Medicine, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, CA, USA
| | - David Van Den Berg
- Department of Preventive Medicine, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, CA, USA
| | - Amy Webb
- Department of Biomedical Informatics, The Ohio State University, Columbus, OH, USA
| | - Guy Brock
- Department of Biomedical Informatics, The Ohio State University, Columbus, OH, USA
| | - Stephen R. Spellman
- Center for International Blood and Marrow Transplant Research, Minneapolis, MN, USA
| | - Kenan Onel
- Department of Genetic and Genomic Sciences, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY, USA
| | - Philip L. McCarthy
- Department of Medicine, Roswell Park Comprehensive Cancer Center, Buffalo, NY, USA
| | - Marcelo C. Pasquini
- Center for International Blood and Marrow Transplant Research, Medical College of Wisconsin, Milwaukee, WI, USA
| | - Lara E. Sucheston-Campbell
- College of Pharmacy, The Ohio State University, Columbus, OH, USA
- College of Veterinary Medicine, The Ohio State University, Columbus, OH, USA
- Corresponding author.
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4
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Spector LG, Spellman SR, Thyagarajan B, Beckman KB, Hoffmann C, Garbe J, Hahn T, Sucheston-Campbell L, Richardson M, De For TE, Tolar J, Verneris MR. Neither Donor nor Recipient Mitochondrial Haplotypes Are Associated with Unrelated Donor Transplant Outcomes: A Validation Study from the CIBMTR. Transplant Cell Ther 2021; 27:836.e1-836.e7. [PMID: 34174468 DOI: 10.1016/j.jtct.2021.06.019] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/14/2021] [Revised: 06/04/2021] [Accepted: 06/16/2021] [Indexed: 11/18/2022]
Abstract
Graft-versus-host-disease (GVHD) is a multistep process that involves T-cell recognition and priming toward alloantigen, expansion, acquisition of effector function, and repeated tissue injury, resulting in clinical manifestations of the disease. All of these processes have considerable metabolic demands and understanding the key role of mitochondria in cellular metabolism as it relates to GVHD has increased significantly. Mitochondrial DNA (mtDNA) haplotypes have been linked to functional differences in vitro, suggesting they have functional differences at an organismal level. We previously used mtDNA typing to assess the impact of mtDNA haplotypes on outcomes of ~400 allo-HCT patients. This pilot study identified uncommon mtDNA haplotypes potentially associated with inferior outcomes. We sought to validate pilot findings of associations between donor and recipient mitochondrial haplotypes and transplant outcome. We examined a cohort of 4143 donor-recipient pairs obtained from the Center for International Blood and Marrow Transplant Research. MtDNA was extracted from whole blood or peripheral blood mononuclear cells from donors and recipients and sequenced to discern haplotype. We used multiple regression analysis to examine the independent association of mtDNA haplotype with overall survival and grade III-IV acute GVHD (aGVHD) adjusting for known risk factors for poor transplant outcome. Neither recipient nor donor mtDNA haplotype reached groupwise significance for overall survival (P =.26 and .39, respectively) or grade III-IV aGVHD (P = .68 and.57, respectively). Adjustment for genomically determined ancestry in the subset of donor-recipient pairs for which this was available did not materially change results. We conclude that our original finding was due to chance in a small sample size and that there is essentially no evidence that mtDNA haplotype or haplotype mismatch contributes to risk of serious outcomes after allogeneic transplantation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Logan G Spector
- Division of Epidemiology and Clinical Research, Department of Pediatrics, University of Minnesota Medical School, Minneapolis, Minnesota.
| | - Stephen R Spellman
- Center for International Blood and Marrow Transplant Research, Milwaukee, Wisconsin
| | - Bharat Thyagarajan
- Department of Laboratory Medicine and Pathology, University of Minnesota Medical School, Minneapolis, Minnesota
| | - Kenneth B Beckman
- University of Minnesota Genomics Center, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, Minnesota
| | - Cody Hoffmann
- University of Minnesota Genomics Center, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, Minnesota
| | - John Garbe
- University of Minnesota Genomics Center, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, Minnesota
| | - Theresa Hahn
- Department of Medicine, Roswell Park Comprehensive Cancer Center, Buffalo, New York
| | | | - Michaela Richardson
- Division of Epidemiology and Clinical Research, Department of Pediatrics, University of Minnesota Medical School, Minneapolis, Minnesota
| | - Todd E De For
- Division of Blood and Marrow Transplantation, Department of Pediatrics, University of Minnesota Medical School, Minneapolis, Minnesota
| | - Jakub Tolar
- Division of Blood and Marrow Transplantation, Department of Pediatrics, University of Minnesota Medical School, Minneapolis, Minnesota
| | - Michael R Verneris
- University of Colorado Denver, Children's Cancer and Blood Disorders, Denver, Colorado
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5
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Paczesny S. Post-haematopoietic cell transplantation outcomes: why ST2 became a 'golden nugget' biomarker. Br J Haematol 2021; 192:951-967. [PMID: 32039480 PMCID: PMC7415515 DOI: 10.1111/bjh.16497] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
Immunotherapies have emerged as highly promising approaches to treat cancer patients. Allogeneic haematopoietic cell transplantation (HCT) is the most validated tumour immunotherapy available to date but its clinical efficacy is limited by toxicities, such as graft-versus-host disease (GVHD) and treatment resistance leading to relapse. The problems with new cellular therapies and checkpoint inhibitors are similar. However, development of biomarkers post-HCT, particularly for toxicities, has taken off in the last decade and has expanded greatly. Thanks to the advances in genomics, transcriptomics, proteomics and cytomics technologies, blood biomarkers have been identified and validated in promising diagnostic tests, prognostic tests stratifying for future occurrence of GVHD, and predictive tests for responsiveness to GVHD therapy and non-relapse mortality. These biomarkers may facilitate timely and selective therapeutic intervention. This review outlines a path from biomarker discovery to first clinical correlation, focusing on soluble STimulation-2 (sST2) - the interleukin (IL)-33-decoy receptor - which is the most validated biomarker.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sophie Paczesny
- Department of Pediatrics, Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis, IN, USA
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis, IN, USA
- Melvin and Bren Simon Cancer Center, Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis, IN, USA
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6
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Adom D, Rowan C, Adeniyan T, Yang J, Paczesny S. Biomarkers for Allogeneic HCT Outcomes. Front Immunol 2020; 11:673. [PMID: 32373125 PMCID: PMC7186420 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2020.00673] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/01/2020] [Accepted: 03/25/2020] [Indexed: 12/23/2022] Open
Abstract
Allogeneic hematopoietic cell transplantation (HCT) remains the only curative therapy for many hematological malignant and non-malignant disorders. However, key obstacles to the success of HCT include graft-versus-host disease (GVHD) and disease relapse due to absence of graft-versus-tumor (GVT) effect. Over the last decade, advances in "omics" technologies and systems biology analysis, have allowed for the discovery and validation of blood biomarkers that can be used as diagnostic test and prognostic test (that risk-stratify patients before disease occurrence) for acute and chronic GVHD and recently GVT. There are also predictive biomarkers that categorize patients based on their likely to respond to therapy. Newer mathematical analysis such as machine learning is able to identify different predictors of GVHD using clinical characteristics pre-transplant and possibly in the future combined with other biomarkers. Biomarkers are not only useful to identify patients with higher risk of disease progression, but also help guide treatment decisions and/or provide a basis for specific therapeutic interventions. This review summarizes biomarkers definition, omics technologies, acute, chronic GVHD and GVT biomarkers currently used in clinic or with potential as targets for existing or new drugs focusing on novel published work.
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Affiliation(s)
- Djamilatou Adom
- Department of Pediatrics, Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis, IN, United States.,Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis, IN, United States.,Melvin and Bren Simon Cancer Center, Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis, IN, United States
| | - Courtney Rowan
- Department of Pediatrics, Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis, IN, United States.,Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis, IN, United States.,Melvin and Bren Simon Cancer Center, Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis, IN, United States
| | - Titilayo Adeniyan
- Department of Pediatrics, Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis, IN, United States.,Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis, IN, United States.,Melvin and Bren Simon Cancer Center, Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis, IN, United States
| | - Jinfeng Yang
- Department of Pediatrics, Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis, IN, United States.,Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis, IN, United States.,Melvin and Bren Simon Cancer Center, Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis, IN, United States
| | - Sophie Paczesny
- Department of Pediatrics, Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis, IN, United States.,Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis, IN, United States.,Melvin and Bren Simon Cancer Center, Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis, IN, United States
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