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Clarke NA, Braverman J, Worthy G, Shaw JW, Bennett B, Dhanda D, Cocks K. A Review of Meaningful Change Thresholds for EORTC QLQ-C30 and FACT-G Within Oncology. VALUE IN HEALTH : THE JOURNAL OF THE INTERNATIONAL SOCIETY FOR PHARMACOECONOMICS AND OUTCOMES RESEARCH 2024; 27:458-468. [PMID: 38191023 DOI: 10.1016/j.jval.2023.12.012] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/13/2023] [Revised: 12/11/2023] [Accepted: 12/22/2023] [Indexed: 01/10/2024]
Abstract
OBJECTIVES This literature review provides an overview of meaningful change thresholds for the European Organisation for Research and Treatment of Cancer Quality of Life Questionnaire Core 30 (QLQ-C30) and the Functional Assessment of Cancer Therapy - General (FACT-G) used across hematological cancers and solid tumors (melanoma, lung, bladder, and prostate). METHODS Embase, MEDLINE, and PubMed were searched to identify relevant oncology publications from 2016 to 2021. Label claims from the US Food and Drug Administration and the European Medicines Agency for 7 recently approved drugs (pembrolizumab, atezolizumab, glasdegib, gilteritinib, tisagenlecleucel, axicabtagene ciloleucel, and daratumumab plus hyaluronidase-fihj) were reviewed. RESULTS Publications providing guidance on meaningful change thresholds for the QLQ-C30 displayed a growing trend away from broad "legacy" thresholds of 10 points for all QLQ-C30 scales), toward deriving "contemporary" thresholds (eg, subscale specific, population specific). Contemporary publications generally provide guidance on selecting thresholds for specific scales that account for improved or worsening thresholds (eg, QLQ-C30 subscales). This trend was not clear for FACT-G, with less new guidance available. Most clinical trials used in regulatory label submissions have used thresholds of 10 points for the QLQ-C30 subscales and 3 to 7 points for the FACT-G total score. Despite the availability of more recent guidelines, contemporary meaningful change thresholds seem slow to emerge in the published literature and regulatory labels. CONCLUSIONS Trialists should consider using contemporary thresholds, rather than legacy thresholds, for QLQ-C30 endpoints. Thresholds derived for a similar patient-population should be used where available. Further work is required to provide these across a broader range of cancer sites.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nathan A Clarke
- Statistics and Programming, Adelphi Values, Bollington, Cheshire, England, UK.
| | - Julia Braverman
- Worldwide Health and Economic Outcomes Research, Bristol Myers Squib, Princeton, NJ, USA
| | - Gill Worthy
- Statistics and Programming, Adelphi Values, Bollington, Cheshire, England, UK
| | - James W Shaw
- Worldwide Health and Economic Outcomes Research, Bristol Myers Squib, Princeton, NJ, USA
| | - Bryan Bennett
- Worldwide Health and Economic Outcomes Research, Bristol Myers Squib, Uxbridge, England, UK
| | - Devender Dhanda
- Worldwide Health and Economic Outcomes Research, Bristol Myers Squib, Princeton, NJ, USA
| | - Kim Cocks
- Statistics and Programming, Adelphi Values, Bollington, Cheshire, England, UK
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Rodrigues WF, Miguel CB, de Abreu MCM, Neto JM, Oliveira CJF. Potential Associations between Vascular Biology and Hodgkin's Lymphoma: An Overview. Cancers (Basel) 2023; 15:5299. [PMID: 37958472 PMCID: PMC10649902 DOI: 10.3390/cancers15215299] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/24/2023] [Revised: 10/24/2023] [Accepted: 11/03/2023] [Indexed: 11/15/2023] Open
Abstract
Hodgkin's lymphoma (HL) is a lymphatic neoplasm typically found in the cervical lymph nodes. The disease is multifactorial, and in recent years, the relationships between various vascular molecules have been explored in the field of vascular biology. The connection between vascular biology and HL is intricate and the roles of several pathways remain unclear. This review summarizes the cellular and molecular relationships between vascular biology and HL. Proteins associated with various functions in vascular biology, including cytokines (TNF-α, IL-1, IL-13, and IL-21), chemokines (CXCL10, CXCL12, and CCL21), adhesion molecules (ELAM-1/VCAM-1), and growth factors (BDNF/NT-3, platelet-derived growth factor receptor-α), have been linked to tumor activity. Notable tumor activities include the induction of paracrine activation of NF-kB-dependent pathways, upregulation of adhesion molecule regulation, genome amplification, and effective loss of antigen presentation mediated by MHC-II. Preclinical study models, primarily those using cell culture, have been optimized for HL. Animal models, particularly mice, are also used as alternatives to complex biological systems, with studies primarily focusing on the physiopathogenic evaluation of the disease. These biomolecules warrant further study because they may shed light on obscure pathways and serve as targets for prevention and/or treatment interventions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wellington Francisco Rodrigues
- Postgraduate Course in Tropical Medicine and Infectious Diseases, Federal University of Triangulo Mineiro, UFTM, Uberaba 38025-440, MG, Brazil; (C.B.M.); (C.J.F.O.)
- University Center of Mineiros, Unifimes, Mineiros 75833-130, GO, Brazil; (M.C.M.d.A.); (J.M.N.)
| | - Camila Botelho Miguel
- Postgraduate Course in Tropical Medicine and Infectious Diseases, Federal University of Triangulo Mineiro, UFTM, Uberaba 38025-440, MG, Brazil; (C.B.M.); (C.J.F.O.)
- University Center of Mineiros, Unifimes, Mineiros 75833-130, GO, Brazil; (M.C.M.d.A.); (J.M.N.)
| | | | - Jamil Miguel Neto
- University Center of Mineiros, Unifimes, Mineiros 75833-130, GO, Brazil; (M.C.M.d.A.); (J.M.N.)
| | - Carlo José Freire Oliveira
- Postgraduate Course in Tropical Medicine and Infectious Diseases, Federal University of Triangulo Mineiro, UFTM, Uberaba 38025-440, MG, Brazil; (C.B.M.); (C.J.F.O.)
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3
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Randall MP, Spinner MA. Optimizing Treatment for Relapsed/Refractory Classic Hodgkin Lymphoma in the Era of Immunotherapy. Cancers (Basel) 2023; 15:4509. [PMID: 37760478 PMCID: PMC10526852 DOI: 10.3390/cancers15184509] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/30/2023] [Revised: 09/04/2023] [Accepted: 09/08/2023] [Indexed: 09/29/2023] Open
Abstract
Most patients with classic Hodgkin lymphoma (cHL) are cured with combination chemotherapy, but approximately 10-20% will relapse, and another 5-10% will have primary refractory disease. The treatment landscape of relapsed/refractory (R/R) cHL has evolved significantly over the past decade following the approval of brentuximab vedotin (BV), an anti-CD30 antibody-drug conjugate, and the PD-1 inhibitors nivolumab and pembrolizumab. These agents have significantly expanded options for salvage therapy prior to autologous hematopoietic cell transplantation (AHCT), post-transplant maintenance, and treatment of relapse after AHCT, which have led to improved survival in the modern era. In this review, we highlight our approach to the management of R/R cHL in 2023 with a focus on choosing first salvage therapy, post-transplant maintenance, and treatment of relapse after AHCT. We also discuss the management of older adults and transplant-ineligible patients, who require a separate approach. Finally, we review novel immunotherapy approaches in clinical trials, including combinations of PD-1 inhibitors with other immune-activating agents as well as novel antibody-drug conjugates, bispecific antibodies, and cellular immunotherapies. Ongoing studies assessing biomarkers of response to immunotherapy and dynamic biomarkers such as circulating tumor DNA may further inform treatment decisions and enable a more personalized approach in the future.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Michael A. Spinner
- Division of Hematology/Oncology, Department of Medicine, University of California San Francisco, San Francisco, CA 94143, USA;
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4
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Hossain MF, Kharel M, Akter M, Parajuli B, Yadav I, Mandal N, Mandal A, Aziz SN. Effectiveness and Safety of Pembrolizumab in Recurrent and Relapsed Classic Hodgkin Lymphoma: A Systematic Review. Cureus 2023; 15:e46032. [PMID: 37900494 PMCID: PMC10602819 DOI: 10.7759/cureus.46032] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 09/26/2023] [Indexed: 10/31/2023] Open
Abstract
Classical Hodgkin lymphoma (cHL) has achieved high cure rates as a result of recent advancements in treatment. However, recurring or relapsed illness still poses a therapeutic challenge. Immune checkpoint inhibitor pembrolizumab, which targets PD-1, is now being commonly used as part of immunotherapy for recurrent and relapsed cHL. We found eight appropriate articles through systematic search and conducted in-depth analysis to find insights into the effectiveness and safety profiles of pembrolizumab by analyzing clinical trial data in patients with recurrent and relapsed cHL. Analysis of the studies shows that response rates, progression-free survival, and patient-reported quality of life have all significantly improved. However, immune-related consequences are among the adverse outcomes. The necessity for continued study is highlighted by the variation in reported adverse events and follow-up times. Clinicians, researchers, and other healthcare professionals can use this study as a resource to provide knowledgeable and individualized patient care in cHL.
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Affiliation(s)
- Md Fahad Hossain
- Ministry of Health, Kishoreganj Upazila Health Complex, Kishoreganj, BGD
| | - Manish Kharel
- Medicine and Surgery, Jahurul Islam Medical College Hospital, Bhagalpur, BGD
| | - Mahfuza Akter
- Medicine, Sylhet MAG (Muhammad Ataul Goni) Osmani Medical College, Sylhet, BGD
| | - Bibek Parajuli
- Internal Medicine, Gandaki Medical College, Pokhara, NPL
| | - Indresh Yadav
- Internal Medicine, Samar Hospital and Research Center Pvt. Ltd., Janakpur, NPL
- Internal Medicine, Community Based Medical College, Mymensingh, BGD
| | - Nitesh Mandal
- Internal Medicine, Jahurul Islam Medical College, Bhagalpur, BGD
| | - Anjali Mandal
- Medicine and Surgery, Chitwan Medical College, Bharatpur, NPL
| | - Syed Nurul Aziz
- Obstetrics and Gynaecology, University of Missouri, Columbia, USA
- Internal Medicine, Shaheed Suhrawardy Medical College, Dhaka, BGD
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5
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Ferhanoglu B, Ozbalak M. Sequencing novel agents in the treatment of classical Hodgkin lymphoma. Expert Rev Hematol 2023; 16:991-1015. [PMID: 37897182 DOI: 10.1080/17474086.2023.2276212] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/30/2023] [Accepted: 10/24/2023] [Indexed: 10/29/2023]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Classical Hodgkin lymphoma (cHL) is a curable disease, with durable remission achieved in about 80% of patients following first-line treatment. Three new drugs were introduced to the daily use in cHL: brentuximab vedotin (BV), nivolumab, and pembrolizumab. All three drugs were initially approved for the treatment of relapsed/refractory cHL (RRHL) and with their promising outcomes, they are now incorporated in different stages of the treatment. AREAS COVERED We performed a literature search using PubMed on all cHL studies investigating BV and CPIs within the past 10 years. We analyzed literature to presume the sequencing of these novel agents. EXPERT OPINION Addition of BV or nivolumab to AVD backbone in the frontline setting showed promising activity in advanced stage cHL. BV and CPIs combined with chemotherapy in the second-line treatment of cHL are evaluated in phase 2 studies and comparable results are reported. The results of BrECADD, with good efficacy and toxicity profile, should be followed. Pembrolizumab was shown to be more effective in RRHL compared to BV in patients who have relapsed post-ASCT or ineligible for ASCT. BV is used in post-ASCT maintenance in high-risk cases, although its role will be questioned as it is increasingly used in the frontline treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Burhan Ferhanoglu
- Department of Internal Medicine, Division of Hematology, Koc University School of Medicine, Istanbul, Turkey
| | - Murat Ozbalak
- Basaksehir Cam ve Sakura City Hospital, Division of Hematology, Istanbul, Turkey
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6
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Munir F, Hardit V, Sheikh IN, AlQahtani S, He J, Cuglievan B, Hosing C, Tewari P, Khazal S. Classical Hodgkin Lymphoma: From Past to Future-A Comprehensive Review of Pathophysiology and Therapeutic Advances. Int J Mol Sci 2023; 24:10095. [PMID: 37373245 DOI: 10.3390/ijms241210095] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/29/2023] [Revised: 06/04/2023] [Accepted: 06/09/2023] [Indexed: 06/29/2023] Open
Abstract
Hodgkin lymphoma, a hematological malignancy of lymphoid origin that typically arises from germinal-center B cells, has an excellent overall prognosis. However, the treatment of patients who relapse or develop resistant disease still poses a substantial clinical and research challenge, even though current risk-adapted and response-based treatment techniques produce overall survival rates of over 95%. The appearance of late malignancies after the successful cure of primary or relapsed disease continues to be a major concern, mostly because of high survival rates. Particularly in pediatric HL patients, the chance of developing secondary leukemia is manifold compared to that in the general pediatric population, and the prognosis for patients with secondary leukemia is much worse than that for patients with other hematological malignancies. Therefore, it is crucial to develop clinically useful biomarkers to stratify patients according to their risk of late malignancies and determine which require intense treatment regimens to maintain the ideal balance between maximizing survival rates and avoiding late consequences. In this article, we review HL's epidemiology, risk factors, staging, molecular and genetic biomarkers, and treatments for children and adults, as well as treatment-related adverse events and the late development of secondary malignancies in patients with the disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Faryal Munir
- Department of Pediatrics, Pediatric Hematology/Oncology, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX 77030, USA
| | - Viney Hardit
- CARTOX Program, Department of Pediatrics, Pediatric Stem Cell Transplantation and Cellular Therapy, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX 77030, USA
| | - Irtiza N Sheikh
- Department of Pediatrics, Pediatric Hematology/Oncology, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX 77030, USA
| | - Shaikha AlQahtani
- Department of Pediatrics, Pediatric Hematology/Oncology, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX 77030, USA
| | - Jiasen He
- Department of Pediatrics, Pediatric Hematology/Oncology, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX 77030, USA
| | - Branko Cuglievan
- Department of Pediatrics, Pediatric Hematology/Oncology, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX 77030, USA
- Department of Pediatrics-Patient Care, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX 77030, USA
| | - Chitra Hosing
- Department of Stem Cell Transplantation, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX 77030, USA
| | - Priti Tewari
- CARTOX Program, Department of Pediatrics, Pediatric Stem Cell Transplantation and Cellular Therapy, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX 77030, USA
| | - Sajad Khazal
- CARTOX Program, Department of Pediatrics, Pediatric Stem Cell Transplantation and Cellular Therapy, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX 77030, USA
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7
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Bröckelmann PJ, Bühnen I, Meissner J, Trautmann-Grill K, Herhaus P, Halbsguth TV, Schaub V, Kerkhoff A, Mathas S, Bormann M, Dickhut A, Kaul H, Fuchs M, Kobe C, Baues C, Borchmann P, Engert A, von Tresckow B. Nivolumab and Doxorubicin, Vinblastine, and Dacarbazine in Early-Stage Unfavorable Hodgkin Lymphoma: Final Analysis of the Randomized German Hodgkin Study Group Phase II NIVAHL Trial. J Clin Oncol 2023; 41:1193-1199. [PMID: 36508302 DOI: 10.1200/jco.22.02355] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 14.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Clinical trials frequently include multiple end points that mature at different times. The initial report, typically based on the primary end point, may be published when key planned co-primary or secondary analyses are not yet available. Clinical Trial Updates provide an opportunity to disseminate additional results from studies, published in JCO or elsewhere, for which the primary end point has already been reported.In the investigator-sponsored randomized phase II NIVAHL trial for early-stage unfavorable classical Hodgkin lymphoma (HL), two schedules of four cycles of nivolumab, doxorubicin, vinblastine, and dacarbazine followed by 30 Gy involved-site radiotherapy resulted in high complete remission rates and an unprecedented 1-year progression-free survival in 109 patients. In this article, we report the preplanned final analysis conducted three years after the registration of the last patient including long-term safety results. No survival events were observed since the primary analysis, and after a median follow-up (FU) of 41 months, the overall survival was 100% in both treatment groups. The progression-free survival was 98% and 100% in the sequential and concomitant nivolumab, doxorubicin, vinblastine, and dacarbazine treatment groups, respectively. At last FU, the mean forced expiratory pressure in one second was 95.5% (standard deviation 12.7%), the mean diffusion capacity for carbon monoxide adjusted for hemoglobin was 82.8% (standard deviation 15.4%), and the left ventricular ejection fraction was in the normal range in 95% of patients. Hypothyroidism requiring long-term medication occurred in 15% of patients, who were nearly exclusively female (87%). No second primary malignancies occurred, and no patient required corticosteroid treatment at last FU. Patient-reported normalized global quality-of-life score measured by European Organisation for Research and Treatment of Cancer Quality of Life Questionnaire C30 improved over time. This preplanned FU analysis of the largest anti-programmed death protein 1 HL first-line trial to date confirms the outstanding efficacy and relatively favorable safety profile of this therapeutic approach.
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Affiliation(s)
- Paul J Bröckelmann
- University of Cologne, Faculty of Medicine and University Hospital of Cologne, Department I of Internal Medicine, Center for Integrated Oncology Aachen Bonn Cologne Düsseldorf (CIO ABCD) and German Hodgkin Study Group (GHSG), Cologne, Germany
| | - Ina Bühnen
- University of Cologne, Faculty of Medicine and University Hospital of Cologne, Department I of Internal Medicine, Center for Integrated Oncology Aachen Bonn Cologne Düsseldorf (CIO ABCD) and German Hodgkin Study Group (GHSG), Cologne, Germany
| | - Julia Meissner
- Medicine V, University of Heidelberg, Heidelberg, Germany
| | | | - Peter Herhaus
- Technical University Munich, School of Medicine, Klinikum rechts der Isar, Clinic and Policlinic for Internal Medicine III, Munich, Germany
| | - Teresa V Halbsguth
- Division of Hematology/Oncology, Department of Medicine II, Goethe University Hospital Frankfurt, Frankfurt, Germany
| | | | - Andrea Kerkhoff
- Medizinische Klinik A, University Hospital Muenster, Muenster, Germany
| | - Stephan Mathas
- Division of Hematology, Oncology, and Tumor Immunology, Charité-Universitätsmedizin Berlin and Max-Delbrück-Center for Molecular Medicine, Berlin, Germany
| | | | | | - Helen Kaul
- University of Cologne, Faculty of Medicine and University Hospital of Cologne, Department I of Internal Medicine, Center for Integrated Oncology Aachen Bonn Cologne Düsseldorf (CIO ABCD) and German Hodgkin Study Group (GHSG), Cologne, Germany
| | - Michael Fuchs
- University of Cologne, Faculty of Medicine and University Hospital of Cologne, Department I of Internal Medicine, Center for Integrated Oncology Aachen Bonn Cologne Düsseldorf (CIO ABCD) and German Hodgkin Study Group (GHSG), Cologne, Germany
| | - Carsten Kobe
- Department of Nuclear Medicine and GHSG, University Hospital of Cologne, Cologne, Germany
| | - Christian Baues
- Department of Radiation Oncology and GHSG, University Hospital of Cologne, Cologne, Germany
| | - Peter Borchmann
- University of Cologne, Faculty of Medicine and University Hospital of Cologne, Department I of Internal Medicine, Center for Integrated Oncology Aachen Bonn Cologne Düsseldorf (CIO ABCD) and German Hodgkin Study Group (GHSG), Cologne, Germany
| | - Andreas Engert
- University of Cologne, Faculty of Medicine and University Hospital of Cologne, Department I of Internal Medicine, Center for Integrated Oncology Aachen Bonn Cologne Düsseldorf (CIO ABCD) and German Hodgkin Study Group (GHSG), Cologne, Germany
| | - Bastian von Tresckow
- University of Cologne, Faculty of Medicine and University Hospital of Cologne, Department I of Internal Medicine, Center for Integrated Oncology Aachen Bonn Cologne Düsseldorf (CIO ABCD) and German Hodgkin Study Group (GHSG), Cologne, Germany.,Department of Hematology and Stem Cell Transplantation, West German Cancer Center and German Cancer Consortium (DKTK partner site Essen), University Hospital Essen, University of Duisburg-Essen, Essen, Germany
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8
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Zana A, Galbiati A, Gilardoni E, Bocci M, Millul J, Sturm T, Stucchi R, Elsayed A, Nadal L, Cirillo M, Roll W, Stegger L, Asmus I, Backhaus P, Schäfers M, Neri D, Cazzamalli S. Fibroblast Activation Protein Triggers Release of Drug Payload from Non-internalizing Small Molecule Drug Conjugates in Solid Tumors. Clin Cancer Res 2022; 28:5440-5454. [PMID: 36215129 DOI: 10.1158/1078-0432.ccr-22-1788] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/03/2022] [Revised: 09/08/2022] [Accepted: 10/06/2022] [Indexed: 01/24/2023]
Abstract
PURPOSE Small molecule drug conjugates (SMDC) are modular anticancer prodrugs that include a tumor-targeting small organic ligand, a cleavable linker, and a potent cytotoxic agent. Most of the SMDC products that have been developed for clinical applications target internalizing tumor-associated antigens on the surface of tumor cells. We have recently described a novel non-internalizing small organic ligand (named OncoFAP) of fibroblast activation protein (FAP), a tumor-associated antigen highly expressed in the stroma of most solid human malignancies. EXPERIMENTAL DESIGN In this article, we describe a new series of OncoFAP-Drug derivatives based on monomethyl auristatin E (MMAE; a potent cytotoxic tubulin poison) and dipeptide linkers that are selectively cleaved by FAP in the tumor microenvironment. RESULTS The tumor-targeting potential of OncoFAP was confirmed in patients with cancer using nuclear medicine procedures. We used mass spectrometry methodologies to quantify the amount of prodrug delivered to tumors and normal organs, as well as the efficiency of the drug release process. Linkers previously exploited for anticancer drug conjugates were used as benchmark. We identified OncoFAP-Gly-Pro-MMAE as the best performing SMDC, which has now been prioritized for further clinical development. OncoFAP-Gly-Pro-MMAE selectively delivered more than 10% injected dose per gram of MMAE to FAP-positive tumors, with a tumor-to-kidney ratio of 16:1 at 24 hours post-injection. CONCLUSIONS The FAP-specific drug conjugates described in this article promise to be efficacious for the targeting of human malignancies. The extracellular release of potent anticancer payloads mediates durable complete remission in difficult-to-treat animal models of cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Aureliano Zana
- R&D Department, Philochem AG, Otelfingen, Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Andrea Galbiati
- R&D Department, Philochem AG, Otelfingen, Zurich, Switzerland
| | | | - Matilde Bocci
- R&D Department, Philochem AG, Otelfingen, Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Jacopo Millul
- R&D Department, Philochem AG, Otelfingen, Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Theo Sturm
- R&D Department, Philochem AG, Otelfingen, Zurich, Switzerland
| | | | - Abdullah Elsayed
- R&D Department, Philochem AG, Otelfingen, Zurich, Switzerland.,Department of Chemistry and Applied Biosciences, Swiss Federal Institute of Technology, Zürich, Switzerland
| | - Lisa Nadal
- R&D Department, Philochem AG, Otelfingen, Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Martina Cirillo
- Department of Chemistry "G. Ciamician," University of Bologna, Bologna, Italy
| | - Wolfgang Roll
- Department of Nuclear Medicine, University Hospital Münster, Münster, Germany
| | - Lars Stegger
- Department of Nuclear Medicine, University Hospital Münster, Münster, Germany
| | - Inga Asmus
- Department of Nuclear Medicine, University Hospital Münster, Münster, Germany
| | - Philipp Backhaus
- Department of Nuclear Medicine, University Hospital Münster, Münster, Germany.,European Institute for Molecular Imaging, University of Münster, Münster, Germany
| | - Michael Schäfers
- Department of Nuclear Medicine, University Hospital Münster, Münster, Germany.,European Institute for Molecular Imaging, University of Münster, Münster, Germany
| | - Dario Neri
- R&D Department, Philochem AG, Otelfingen, Zurich, Switzerland.,Department of Chemistry and Applied Biosciences, Swiss Federal Institute of Technology, Zürich, Switzerland.,Philogen S.p.A., Siena, Italy
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9
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Zhang Y, Xing Z, Mi L, Li Z, Zhu J, Wei T, Wu W. Novel Agents For Relapsed and Refractory Classical Hodgkin Lymphoma: A Review. Front Oncol 2022; 12:929012. [PMID: 35928877 PMCID: PMC9344040 DOI: 10.3389/fonc.2022.929012] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/26/2022] [Accepted: 06/22/2022] [Indexed: 12/23/2022] Open
Abstract
Classical Hodgkin lymphoma (cHL) is the most common type of HL that occurs mainly in people aged between 15–30 and over 55 years. Although its general prognosis is favorable, 10%–30% of patients with cHL will ultimately develop relapsed or refractory disease (r/r cHL). Improving the cure rate of r/r cHL has proven to be challenging. Some novel agents, such as brentuximab vedotin and immune checkpoint inhibitors, which have been used in conventional regimens for patients with r/r cHL in the past decade, have been shown to have good curative effects. This paper reviews the conventional regimens for patients with r/r cHL and focuses on the newest clinical trials and treatment measures to prolong prognosis and reduce adverse events. The evaluation of prognosis plays a vital role in analyzing the risk of relapse or disease progression; thus, finding new predictive strategies may help treat patients with r/r cHL more efficaciously.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yujie Zhang
- Department of Thyroid Surgery, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China
- Laboratory of Thyroid and Parathyroid Disease, Frontiers Science Center for Disease-Related Molecular Network, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China
| | - Zhichao Xing
- Department of Thyroid Surgery, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China
- Laboratory of Thyroid and Parathyroid Disease, Frontiers Science Center for Disease-Related Molecular Network, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China
| | - Li Mi
- Department of Thyroid Surgery, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China
- Laboratory of Thyroid and Parathyroid Disease, Frontiers Science Center for Disease-Related Molecular Network, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China
| | - Zhihui Li
- Department of Thyroid Surgery, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China
- Laboratory of Thyroid and Parathyroid Disease, Frontiers Science Center for Disease-Related Molecular Network, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China
| | - Jingqiang Zhu
- Department of Thyroid Surgery, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China
- Laboratory of Thyroid and Parathyroid Disease, Frontiers Science Center for Disease-Related Molecular Network, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China
| | - Tao Wei
- Department of Thyroid Surgery, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China
- Laboratory of Thyroid and Parathyroid Disease, Frontiers Science Center for Disease-Related Molecular Network, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China
- *Correspondence: Wenshuang Wu, ; Tao Wei,
| | - Wenshuang Wu
- Department of Thyroid Surgery, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China
- Laboratory of Thyroid and Parathyroid Disease, Frontiers Science Center for Disease-Related Molecular Network, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China
- *Correspondence: Wenshuang Wu, ; Tao Wei,
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10
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Abstract
PURPOSE OF REVIEW With an increasing number of long-term lymphoma survivors, there has been emphasis on optimizing quality of life and identifying survivorship challenges. This review summarizes the latest advancements pertaining to health-related quality of life and survivorship in lymphoma. RECENT FINDINGS Quality of life can vary from diagnosis through survivorship though some physical, social, and emotional effects may be persistent. Incorporation of patient reported outcomes enables recognition of factors that significantly impact quality of life. A greater understanding of quality of life and survivorship issues has generated momentum for practice change, improving education, and designing behavior related interventions. Patients with lymphoma face many challenges as they navigate their cancer experience. There is a tremendous opportunity to build upon this work through well-designed prospective longitudinal studies aimed at identifying vulnerable patient groups and impactful points of intervention during survivorship.
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