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Voo PY, Wu CT, Sun HL, Ko JL, Lue KH. Effect of combination treatment with Lactobacillus rhamnosus and corticosteroid in reducing airway inflammation in a mouse asthma model. JOURNAL OF MICROBIOLOGY, IMMUNOLOGY, AND INFECTION = WEI MIAN YU GAN RAN ZA ZHI 2022; 55:766-776. [PMID: 35487817 DOI: 10.1016/j.jmii.2022.03.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/19/2021] [Revised: 02/13/2022] [Accepted: 03/24/2022] [Indexed: 10/18/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Asthma is a complex multifactorial chronic airway inflammatory disease with diverse phenotypes and levels of severity and is associated with significant health and economic burden. In a certain population of asthma patients, the symptoms cannot be well controlled with steroid. There has been long standing interest in the use of probiotics for treating allergic diseases. The purpose of this study is to investigate whether the combination of Lactobacillus rhamnosus GG (LGG) with prednisolone could reduce the dosage of glucocorticoid in controlling airway inflammation in a murine model for allergic asthma. MATERIAL AND METHODS We used Der p 2-sensitized asthma model in female BALB/c mice. The animals were treated with 75 μl or 50 μl oral prednisolone or combination treatment of these two doses of oral prednisolone with LGG. Airway hyperresponsiveness, serum specific IgE/IgG1/IgG2a, infiltrating inflammatory cells in lung and cytokines were assessed. RESULTS Compared to 75 μl prednisolone, a lower dose of prednisolone with 50 μl was less satisfactory in suppressing airway hyperresponsives, serum IgE and IgG1, Th2 cytokines and inflammatory cytokines such as IL-6, IL-8 and IL-17 as well as infiltrating inflammatory cells. However, combination of 50 μl prednisolone and LGG decreased airway resistance and serum IgE and IgG1, inhibited the production of IL-4, IL-5, IL-6, IL-8, IL-13 and IL-17, upregulated serum IgG2a and enhanced Th1 immune response. CONCLUSIONS LGG may reduce the dosage of prednisolone and thus may be beneficial in the treatment of asthma.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pit-Yee Voo
- Department of Pediatrics, Chung Shan Medical University Hospital, Taichung, Taiwan.
| | - Chia-Ta Wu
- Institute of Medicine, Chung Shan Medical University, Taichung, Taiwan; Department of Emergency Medicine, Changhua Christian Hospital, Changhua, Taiwan.
| | - Hai-Lun Sun
- Department of Pediatrics, Chung Shan Medical University Hospital, Taichung, Taiwan; School of Medicine, Chung Shan Medical University, Taichung, Taiwan
| | - Jiunn-Liang Ko
- Institute of Medicine, Chung Shan Medical University, Taichung, Taiwan
| | - Ko-Haung Lue
- Department of Pediatrics, Chung Shan Medical University Hospital, Taichung, Taiwan; Institute of Medicine, Chung Shan Medical University, Taichung, Taiwan; School of Medicine, Chung Shan Medical University, Taichung, Taiwan; College of Biological Science and Technology, National Chiao Tung University, Hsinchu, Taiwan.
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Noureddine N, Chalubinski M, Wawrzyniak P. The Role of Defective Epithelial Barriers in Allergic Lung Disease and Asthma Development. J Asthma Allergy 2022; 15:487-504. [PMID: 35463205 PMCID: PMC9030405 DOI: 10.2147/jaa.s324080] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/11/2022] [Accepted: 04/06/2022] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
The respiratory epithelium constitutes the physical barrier between the human body and the environment, thus providing functional and immunological protection. It is often exposed to allergens, microbial substances, pathogens, pollutants, and environmental toxins, which lead to dysregulation of the epithelial barrier and result in the chronic inflammation seen in allergic diseases and asthma. This epithelial barrier dysfunction results from the disturbed tight junction formation, which are multi-protein subunits that promote cell–cell adhesion and barrier integrity. The increasing interest and evidence of the role of impaired epithelial barrier function in allergy and asthma highlight the need for innovative approaches that can provide new knowledge in this area. Here, we review and discuss the current role and mechanism of epithelial barrier dysfunction in developing allergic diseases and the effect of current allergy therapies on epithelial barrier restoration.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nazek Noureddine
- Division of Clinical Chemistry and Biochemistry, University Children’s Hospital Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland
- Children’s Research Center, University Children’s Hospital Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland
- Center for Integrative Human Physiology, University of Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Maciej Chalubinski
- Department of Immunology and Allergy, Medical University of Lodz, Lodz, Poland
| | - Paulina Wawrzyniak
- Division of Clinical Chemistry and Biochemistry, University Children’s Hospital Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland
- Children’s Research Center, University Children’s Hospital Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland
- Correspondence: Paulina Wawrzyniak, Division of Clinical Chemistry and Biochemistry, University Children’s Hospital Zurich, Zurich, 8032, Switzerland, Tel +41 44 266 75 42, Email ;
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Jamieson RR, Stasiak SE, Polio SR, Augspurg RD, McCormick CA, Ruberti JW, Parameswaran H. Stiffening of the extracellular matrix is a sufficient condition for airway hyperreactivity. J Appl Physiol (1985) 2021; 130:1635-1645. [PMID: 33792403 DOI: 10.1152/japplphysiol.00554.2020] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022] Open
Abstract
The current therapeutic approach to asthma focuses exclusively on targeting inflammation and reducing airway smooth muscle force to prevent the recurrence of symptoms. However, even when inflammation is brought under control, airways in an asthmatic can still hyperconstrict when exposed to a low dose of agonist. This suggests that there are mechanisms at play that are likely triggered by inflammation and eventually become self-sustaining so that even when airway inflammation is brought back under control, these alternative mechanisms continue to drive airway hyperreactivity in asthmatics. In this study, we hypothesized that stiffening of the airway extracellular matrix is a core pathological change sufficient to support excessive bronchoconstriction even in the absence of inflammation. To test this hypothesis, we increased the stiffness of the airway extracellular matrix by photo-crosslinking collagen fibers within the airway wall of freshly dissected bovine rings using riboflavin (vitamin B2) and Ultraviolet-A radiation. In our experiments, collagen crosslinking led to a twofold increase in the stiffness of the airway extracellular matrix. This change was sufficient to cause airways to constrict to a greater degree, and at a faster rate when they were exposed to 10-5 M acetylcholine for 5 min. Our results show that stiffening of the extracellular matrix is sufficient to drive excessive airway constriction even in the absence of inflammatory signals.NEW & NOTEWORTHY Targeting inflammation is the central dogma on which current asthma therapy is based. Here, we show that a healthy airway can be made to constrict excessively and at a faster rate in response to the same stimulus by increasing the stiffness of the extracellular matrix, without the use of inflammatory agents. Our results provide an independent mechanism by which airway remodeling in asthma can sustain airway hyperreactivity even in the absence of inflammatory signals.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ryan R Jamieson
- Department of Bioengineering, Northeastern University, Boston, Massachusetts
| | - Suzanne E Stasiak
- Department of Bioengineering, Northeastern University, Boston, Massachusetts
| | - Samuel R Polio
- Department of Bioengineering, Northeastern University, Boston, Massachusetts
| | - Ralston D Augspurg
- Department of Bioengineering, Northeastern University, Boston, Massachusetts
| | | | - Jeffrey W Ruberti
- Department of Bioengineering, Northeastern University, Boston, Massachusetts
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Beneficial effects of ursodeoxycholic acid via inhibition of airway remodelling, apoptosis of airway epithelial cells, and Th2 immune response in murine model of chronic asthma. Allergol Immunopathol (Madr) 2017; 45:339-349. [PMID: 28256288 DOI: 10.1016/j.aller.2016.12.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/26/2016] [Revised: 11/19/2016] [Accepted: 12/03/2016] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND AND AIMS In previous studies, anti-inflammatory, anti-apoptotic and immunomodulatory effects of ursodeoxycholic acid (UDCA) on liver diseases have been shown. In this study, we aimed to investigate the effects of UDCA on airway remodelling, epithelial apoptosis, and T Helper (Th)-2 derived cytokine levels in a murine model of chronic asthma. METHODS Twenty-seven BALB/c mice were divided into five groups; PBS-Control, OVA-Placebo, OVA-50mg/kg UDCA, OVA-150mg/kg UDCA, OVA-Dexamethasone. Mice in groups OVA-50mg/kg UDCA, OVA-150mg/kg UDCA, OVA-Dexamethasone received the UDCA (50mg/kg), UDCA (150mg/kg), and dexamethasone, respectively. Epithelium thickness, sub-epithelial smooth muscle thickness, number of mast and goblet cells of samples isolated from the lung were measured. Immunohistochemical scorings of the lung tissue for matrix metalloproteinase-9 (MMP-9), vascular endothelial growth factor (VEG-F), transforming growth factor-beta (TGF-β), terminal deoxynucleotidyl transferase-mediated dUTP nick endlabeling (TUNEL) and cysteine-dependent aspartate-specific proteases (caspase)-3 were determined. IL-4, IL-5, IL-13, Nitric oxide, ovalbumin-specific immunoglobulin (Ig) E levels were quantified. RESULTS The dose of 150mg/kg UDCA treatment led to lower epithelial thickness, sub-epithelial smooth muscle thickness, goblet and mast cell numbers compared to placebo. Except for MMP-9 and TUNEL all immunohistochemical scores were similar in both UDCA treated groups and the placebo. All cytokine levels were significantly lower in group IV compared to the placebo. CONCLUSIONS These findings suggested that the dose of 150mg/kg UDCA improved all histopathological changes of airway remodelling and its beneficial effects might be related to modulating Th-2 derived cytokines and the inhibition of apoptosis of airway epithelial cells.
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Sagar S, Morgan ME, Chen S, Vos AP, Garssen J, van Bergenhenegouwen J, Boon L, Georgiou NA, Kraneveld AD, Folkerts G. Bifidobacterium breve and Lactobacillus rhamnosus treatment is as effective as budesonide at reducing inflammation in a murine model for chronic asthma. Respir Res 2014; 15:46. [PMID: 24735374 PMCID: PMC4029990 DOI: 10.1186/1465-9921-15-46] [Citation(s) in RCA: 63] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/09/2013] [Accepted: 04/03/2014] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Background Asthma is estimated to affect as many as 300 million people worldwide and its incidence and prevalence are rapidly increasing throughout the world, especially in children and within developing countries. Recently, there has been a growing interest in the use of potentially beneficial bacteria for allergic diseases. This study is aimed at exploring the therapeutic effects of long-term treatment with two different beneficial bacterial strains (Bifidobacterium breve M-16 V and Lactobacillus rhamnosus NutRes1) and a glucocorticoid (budesonide), as a reference treatment, on inflammatory response in a murine model for chronic allergic asthma. Methods To mimic the chronic disease in asthmatic patients, we used the murine ovalbumin-induced asthma model combined with prolonged allergen exposure. Airway function; pulmonary airway inflammation; airway remodelling, mRNA expression of pattern recognition receptors, Th-specific cytokines and transcription factors in lung tissue; mast cell degranulation; in vitro T cell activation; and expression of Foxp3 in blood Th cells were examined. Results Lactobacillus rhamnosus reduced lung resistance to a similar extent as budesonide treatment in chronically asthmatic mice. Pulmonary airway inflammation, mast cell degranulation, T cell activation and airway remodelling were suppressed by all treatments. Beneficial bacteria and budesonide differentially modulated the expression of toll-like receptors (TLRs), nod-like receptors (NLRs), cytokines and T cell transcription factors. Bifidobacterium breve induced regulatory T cell responses in the airways by increasing Il10 and Foxp3 transcription in lung tissue as well as systemic by augmenting the mean fluorescence intensity of Foxp3 in blood CD4+ T cells. Conclusion These findings show that Bifidobacterium breve M-16 V and Lactobacillus rhamnosus NutRes1 have strong anti-inflammatory properties that are comparable to budesonide and therefore may be beneficial in the treatment of chronic asthma.
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Affiliation(s)
- Seil Sagar
- Division of Pharmacology, Utrecht Institute for Pharmaceutical Sciences, Faculty of Science, Utrecht University, PO box 80082, 3508 TB Utrecht, The Netherlands.
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Alrifai M, Marsh LM, Dicke T, Kılıç A, Conrad ML, Renz H, Garn H. Compartmental and temporal dynamics of chronic inflammation and airway remodelling in a chronic asthma mouse model. PLoS One 2014; 9:e85839. [PMID: 24465740 PMCID: PMC3897544 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0085839] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/29/2013] [Accepted: 12/02/2013] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Allergic asthma is associated with chronic airway inflammation and progressive airway remodelling. However, the dynamics of the development of these features and their spontaneous and pharmacological reversibility are still poorly understood. We have therefore investigated the dynamics of airway remodelling and repair in an experimental asthma model and studied how pharmacological intervention affects these processes. METHODS Using BALB/c mice, the kinetics of chronic asthma progression and resolution were characterised in absence and presence of inhaled corticosteroid (ICS) treatment. Airway inflammation and remodelling was assessed by the analysis of bronchoalveolar and peribronichal inflammatory cell infiltrate, goblet cell hyperplasia, collagen deposition and smooth muscle thickening. RESULTS Chronic allergen exposure resulted in early (goblet cell hyperplasia) and late remodelling (collagen deposition and smooth muscle thickening). After four weeks of allergen cessation eosinophilic inflammation, goblet cell hyperplasia and collagen deposition were resolved, full resolution of lymphocyte inflammation and smooth muscle thickening was only observed after eight weeks. ICS therapy when started before the full establishment of chronic asthma reduced the development of lung inflammation, decreased goblet cell hyperplasia and collagen deposition, but did not affect smooth muscle thickening. These effects of ICS on airway remodelling were maintained for a further four weeks even when therapy was discontinued. CONCLUSIONS Utilising a chronic model of experimental asthma we have shown that repeated allergen exposure induces reversible airway remodelling and inflammation in mice. Therapeutic intervention with ICS was partially effective in inhibiting the transition from acute to chronic asthma by reducing airway inflammation and remodelling but was ineffective in preventing smooth muscle hypertrophy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mohammed Alrifai
- Institute of Laboratory Medicine and Pathobiochemistry - Molecular Diagnostics, Medical Faculty, Philipps University Marburg, Universities of Giessen and Marburg Lung Center (UGMLC), Member of the German Center for Lung Research, Marburg, Germany
| | - Leigh M. Marsh
- Institute of Laboratory Medicine and Pathobiochemistry - Molecular Diagnostics, Medical Faculty, Philipps University Marburg, Universities of Giessen and Marburg Lung Center (UGMLC), Member of the German Center for Lung Research, Marburg, Germany
- Ludwig Boltzmann Institute for Lung Vascular Research, Graz, Austria
| | - Tanja Dicke
- Institute of Laboratory Medicine and Pathobiochemistry - Molecular Diagnostics, Medical Faculty, Philipps University Marburg, Universities of Giessen and Marburg Lung Center (UGMLC), Member of the German Center for Lung Research, Marburg, Germany
| | - Ayse Kılıç
- Institute of Laboratory Medicine and Pathobiochemistry - Molecular Diagnostics, Medical Faculty, Philipps University Marburg, Universities of Giessen and Marburg Lung Center (UGMLC), Member of the German Center for Lung Research, Marburg, Germany
| | - Melanie L. Conrad
- Institute of Laboratory Medicine and Pathobiochemistry - Molecular Diagnostics, Medical Faculty, Philipps University Marburg, Universities of Giessen and Marburg Lung Center (UGMLC), Member of the German Center for Lung Research, Marburg, Germany
| | - Harald Renz
- Institute of Laboratory Medicine and Pathobiochemistry - Molecular Diagnostics, Medical Faculty, Philipps University Marburg, Universities of Giessen and Marburg Lung Center (UGMLC), Member of the German Center for Lung Research, Marburg, Germany
| | - Holger Garn
- Institute of Laboratory Medicine and Pathobiochemistry - Molecular Diagnostics, Medical Faculty, Philipps University Marburg, Universities of Giessen and Marburg Lung Center (UGMLC), Member of the German Center for Lung Research, Marburg, Germany
- * E-mail:
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Nrf2 deficiency influences susceptibility to steroid resistance via HDAC2 reduction. Biochem Biophys Res Commun 2010; 403:452-6. [PMID: 21094147 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbrc.2010.11.054] [Citation(s) in RCA: 57] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/06/2010] [Accepted: 11/14/2010] [Indexed: 01/06/2023]
Abstract
Abnormal lung inflammation and oxidant burden are associated with a significant reduction in histone deacetylase 2 (HDAC2) abundance and steroid resistance. We hypothesized that Nrf2 regulates steroid sensitivity via HDAC2 in response to inflammation in mouse lung. Furthermore, HDAC2 deficiency leads to steroid resistance in attenuating lung inflammatory response, which may be due to oxidant/antioxidant imbalance. Loss of antioxidant transcription factor Nrf2 resulted in decreased HDAC2 level in lung, and increased inflammatory lung response which was not reversed by steroid. Thus, steroid resistance or inability of steroids to control lung inflammatory response is dependent on Nrf2-HDAC2 axis. These findings have implications in steroid resistance, particularly during the conditions of oxidative stress when the lungs are more susceptible to inflammatory response, which is seen in patients with chronic obstructive pulmonary disease, asthma, rheumatoid arthritis, and inflammatory bowel disease.
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Effect of budesonide on TGF-β1-enhanced VEGF production by lung fibroblasts. Cell Biol Int 2010; 34:777-82. [DOI: 10.1042/cbi20090083] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/23/2022]
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Uller L, Emanuelsson CA, Andersson M, Erjefält JS, Greiff L, Persson CG. Early phase resolution of mucosal eosinophilic inflammation in allergic rhinitis. Respir Res 2010; 11:54. [PMID: 20459697 PMCID: PMC2873933 DOI: 10.1186/1465-9921-11-54] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/20/2009] [Accepted: 05/09/2010] [Indexed: 02/15/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND It is widely assumed that apoptosis of eosinophils is a central component of resolution of allergic airway disease. However, this has not been demonstrated in human allergic airways in vivo. Based on animal in vivo observations we hypothesised that steroid-induced resolution of human airway eosinophilic inflammation involves inhibition of CCL5 (RANTES), a CC-chemokine regulating eosinophil and lymphocyte traffic, and elimination of eosinophils without evident occurrence of apoptotic eosinophils in the diseased tissue. OBJECTIVE To determine mucosal eosinophilia, apoptotic eosinophils, general cell apoptosis and cell proliferation, and expression of CCL5 and CCL11 (eotaxin) in human allergic airway tissues in vivo at resolution of established symptomatic eosinophilic inflammation. METHODS Twenty-one patients with intermittent (birch and/or grass) allergic rhinitis received daily nasal allergen challenges for two seven days' periods separated by more than two weeks washout. Five days into these "artificial pollen seasons", nasal treatment with budesonide was instituted and continued for six days in a double blinded, randomized, placebo-controlled, and crossover design. This report is a parallel group comparison of nasal biopsy histochemistry data obtained on the final day of the second treatment period. RESULTS Treatments were instituted when clinical rhinitis symptoms had been established. Compared to placebo, budesonide reduced tissue eosinophilia, and subepithelial more than epithelial eosinophilia. Steroid treatment also attenuated tissue expression of CCL5, but CCL11 was not reduced. General tissue cell apoptosis and epithelial cell proliferation were reduced by budesonide. However, apoptotic eosinophils were not detected in any biopsies, irrespective of treatment. CONCLUSIONS Inhibition of CCL5-dependent recruitment of cells to diseased airway tissue, and reduced cell proliferation, reduced general cell apoptosis, but not increased eosinophil apoptosis, are involved in early phase steroid-induced resolution of human allergic rhinitis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lena Uller
- Department of Experimental Medical Science, Lund University, Lund, Sweden.
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Hirota JA, Budelsky A, Smith D, Lipsky B, Ellis R, Xiang YY, Lu WY, Inman MD. The role of interleukin-4Ralpha in the induction of glutamic acid decarboxylase in airway epithelium following acute house dust mite exposure. Clin Exp Allergy 2010; 40:820-30. [PMID: 20337645 DOI: 10.1111/j.1365-2222.2010.03458.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/28/2022]
Abstract
Background Asthma is a disease characterized by airway inflammation, remodelling and dysfunction. Airway inflammation contributes to remodelling, a term that is used to describe structural changes including goblet cell metaplasia (GCM), matrix deposition, and smooth muscle hyperplasia/hypertrophy. GCM has been implicated in asthma mortality by contributing to mucus plugs and leading to asphyxiation. In animal models, this process is highly dependent on IL-13. Recently, we have described an IL-13-dependent up-regulation of a GABAergic signalling system in airway epithelium that contributes to GCM. The mechanism by which IL-13 up-regulates GABA signalling in airway epithelium is unknown. Objectives To test the hypothesis that IL-4Ralpha signalling is required for allergen induced up-regulation of GABAergic signalling and GCM. Methods BALB/c mice were exposed to an acute house dust mite (HDM) protocol and received vehicle, anti-IL-4Ralpha-monoclonal antibody, or control antibody. Outcomes included airway responses to inhaled methacholine (MCh), histology for eosinophilia and GCM, phosphorylated STAT6 levels using immunohistochemistry and immunoblot, and glutamic acid decarboxylase (GAD) 65/67 and GABA(A)beta(2/3) receptor subunit expression using confocal microscopy. Results Acute HDM exposure resulted in increased airway responses to MCh, lung eosinophilia, STAT6 phosphorylation, elevations in GAD65/67 and GABA(A)beta(2/3) receptor expression, and GCM that were inhibited with anti-IL-4Ralpha-monoclonal treatment. Control antibody had no effect. Conclusion The IL-4Ralpha is required for allergen-induced up-regulation of a GABAergic system in airway epithelium implicated in GCM following acute HDM exposure.
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Affiliation(s)
- J A Hirota
- Firestone Institute for Respiratory Health, St. Joseph's Hospital, McMaster University, 50 Charlton Avenue East, Hamilton, Ontario, Canada
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