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Khalifa A, Khalil A, Abdel-Aziz MM, Albohy A, Mohamady S. Isatin-pyrimidine hybrid derivatives as enoyl acyl carrier protein reductase (InhA) inhibitors against Mycobacterium tuberculosis. Bioorg Chem 2023; 138:106591. [PMID: 37201321 DOI: 10.1016/j.bioorg.2023.106591] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/13/2023] [Revised: 04/20/2023] [Accepted: 05/02/2023] [Indexed: 05/20/2023]
Abstract
Tuberculosis is a worldwide problem that impose a burden on the economy due to continuous development of resistant strains. The development of new antitubercular drugs is a need and can be achieved through inhibition of druggable targets. Mycobacterium tuberculosis enoyl acyl carrier protein (ACP) reductase (InhA) is an important enzyme for Mycobacterium tuberculosis survival. In this study, we report the synthesis of isatin derivatives that could treat TB through inhibition of this enzyme. Compound 4l showed IC50 value (0.6 ± 0.94 µM) similar to isoniazid but is also effective against MDR and XDR Mycobacterium tuberculosis strains (MIC of 0.48 and 3.9 µg/mL, respectively). Molecular docking studies suggest that this compound binds through the use of relatively unexplored hydrophobic pocket in the active site. Molecular dynamics was used to investigate and support the stability of 4l complex with the target enzyme. This study paves the way for the design and synthesis of novel antitubercular drugs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Abdalrahman Khalifa
- Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, Faculty of Pharmacy, The British University in Egypt, El-Sherouk City, Cairo 11837, Egypt; The Center for Drug Research and Development (CDRD), Faculty of Pharmacy, The British University in Egypt, El-Sherouk City, Cairo 11837, Egypt; Department of Chemistry, Prairie View A&M University, Prairie View, TX 77446, USA
| | - Amira Khalil
- Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, Faculty of Pharmacy, The British University in Egypt, El-Sherouk City, Cairo 11837, Egypt; The Center for Drug Research and Development (CDRD), Faculty of Pharmacy, The British University in Egypt, El-Sherouk City, Cairo 11837, Egypt
| | - Marwa M Abdel-Aziz
- The Regional Center for Mycology & Biotechnology, Al-Azhar University, Cairo, Egypt
| | - Amgad Albohy
- Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, Faculty of Pharmacy, The British University in Egypt, El-Sherouk City, Cairo 11837, Egypt; The Center for Drug Research and Development (CDRD), Faculty of Pharmacy, The British University in Egypt, El-Sherouk City, Cairo 11837, Egypt.
| | - Samy Mohamady
- Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, Faculty of Pharmacy, The British University in Egypt, El-Sherouk City, Cairo 11837, Egypt; The Center for Drug Research and Development (CDRD), Faculty of Pharmacy, The British University in Egypt, El-Sherouk City, Cairo 11837, Egypt.
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2
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El-Kimary EI, Allam AN, Khafagy ES, Hegazy WAH. Analytical Methodologies for the Estimation of Oxazolidinone Antibiotics as Key Members of anti-MRSA Arsenal: A Decade in Review. Crit Rev Anal Chem 2023:1-30. [PMID: 37378883 DOI: 10.1080/10408347.2023.2228902] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/29/2023]
Abstract
Gram-positive bacterial infections are among the most serious diseases related with high mortality rates and huge healthcare costs especially with the rise of antibiotic-resistant strains that limits treatment options. Thus, development of new antibiotics combating these multi-drug resistant bacteria is crucial. Oxazolidinone antibiotics are the only totally synthetic group of antibiotics that showed activity against multi-drug resistant Gram positive bacteria including MRSA because of their unique mechanism of action in targeting protein synthesis. This group include approved marketed members (tedizolid, linezolid and contezolid) or those under development (delpazlolid, radezolid and sutezolid). Due to the significant impact of this class, larger number of analytical methods were required to meet the needs of both clinical and industrial studies. Analyzing these drugs either alone or with other antimicrobial agents commonly used in ICU, in the presence of pharmaceutical or endogenous biological interferences, or in the presence of matrix impurities as metabolites and degradation products poses a big analytical challenge. This review highlights current analytical approaches published in the last decade (2012-2022) that dealt with the determination of these drugs in different matrices and discusses their advantages and disadvantages. Various techniques have been described for their determination including chromatographic, spectroscopic, capillary electrophoretic and electroanalytical methods. The review comprises six sections (one for each drug) with their related tables that depict critical figures of merit and some experimental conditions for the reviewed methods. Furthermore, future perspectives about the analytical methodologies that can be developed in the near future for determination of these drugs are suggested.
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Affiliation(s)
- Eman I El-Kimary
- Faculty of Pharmacy, Department of Pharmaceutical Analytical Chemistry, Alexandria University, Alexandria, Egypt
- Pharmacy Program, Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences (Chemistry), Oman College of Health Sciences, Muscat, Oman
| | - Ahmed N Allam
- Faculty of Pharmacy, Department of Pharmaceutics, Alexandria University, Alexandria, Egypt
- Pharmacy Program, Department of Pharmaceutics, Oman College of Health Sciences, Muscat, Oman
| | - El-Sayed Khafagy
- Department of Pharmaceutics, College of Pharmacy, Prince Sattam Bin Abdulaziz University, Al-kharj, Saudi Arabia
- Department of Pharmaceutics and Industrial Pharmacy, Faculty of Pharmacy, Suez Canal University, Ismailia, Egypt
| | - Wael A H Hegazy
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Faculty of Pharmacy, Zagazig University, Zagazig, Egypt
- Pharmacy Program, Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences (Microbiology and Immunology), Oman College of Health Sciences, Muscat, Oman
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3
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Nanosized Drug Delivery Systems to Fight Tuberculosis. Pharmaceutics 2023; 15:pharmaceutics15020393. [PMID: 36839715 PMCID: PMC9964171 DOI: 10.3390/pharmaceutics15020393] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/30/2022] [Revised: 01/17/2023] [Accepted: 01/20/2023] [Indexed: 01/26/2023] Open
Abstract
Tuberculosis (TB) is currently the second deadliest infectious disease. Existing antitubercular therapies are long, complex, and have severe side effects that result in low patient compliance. In this context, nanosized drug delivery systems (DDSs) have the potential to optimize the treatment's efficiency while reducing its toxicity. Hundreds of publications illustrate the growing interest in this field. In this review, the main challenges related to the use of drug nanocarriers to fight TB are overviewed. Relevant publications regarding DDSs for the treatment of TB are classified according to the encapsulated drugs, from first-line to second-line drugs. The physicochemical and biological properties of the investigated formulations are listed. DDSs could simultaneously (i) optimize the therapy's antibacterial effects; (ii) reduce the doses; (iii) reduce the posology; (iv) diminish the toxicity; and as a global result, (v) mitigate the emergence of resistant strains. Moreover, we highlight that host-directed therapy using nanoparticles (NPs) is a recent promising trend. Although the research on nanosized DDSs for TB treatment is expanding, clinical applications have yet to be developed. Most studies are only dedicated to the development of new formulations, without the in vivo proof of concept. In the near future, it is expected that NPs prepared by "green" scalable methods, with intrinsic antibacterial properties and capable of co-encapsulating synergistic drugs, may find applications to fight TB.
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Dookie N, Ngema SL, Perumal R, Naicker N, Padayatchi N, Naidoo K. The Changing Paradigm of Drug-Resistant Tuberculosis Treatment: Successes, Pitfalls, and Future Perspectives. Clin Microbiol Rev 2022; 35:e0018019. [PMID: 36200885 PMCID: PMC9769521 DOI: 10.1128/cmr.00180-19] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/27/2023] Open
Abstract
Drug-resistant tuberculosis (DR-TB) remains a global crisis due to the increasing incidence of drug-resistant forms of the disease, gaps in detection and prevention, models of care, and limited treatment options. The DR-TB treatment landscape has evolved over the last 10 years. Recent developments include the remarkable activity demonstrated by the newly approved anti-TB drugs bedaquiline and pretomanid against Mycobacterium tuberculosis. Hence, treatment of DR-TB has drastically evolved with the introduction of the short-course regimen for multidrug-resistant TB (MDR-TB), transitioning to injection-free regimens and the approval of the 6-month short regimens for rifampin-resistant TB and MDR-TB. Moreover, numerous clinical trials are under way with the aim to reduce pill burden and shorten the DR-TB treatment duration. While there have been apparent successes in the field, some challenges remain. These include the ongoing inclusion of high-dose isoniazid in DR-TB regimens despite a lack of evidence for its efficacy and the inclusion of ethambutol and pyrazinamide in the standard short regimen despite known high levels of background resistance to both drugs. Furthermore, antimicrobial heteroresistance, extensive cavitary disease and intracavitary gradients, the emergence of bedaquiline resistance, and the lack of biomarkers to monitor DR-TB treatment response remain serious challenges to the sustained successes. In this review, we outline the impact of the new drugs and regimens on patient treatment outcomes, explore evidence underpinning current practices on regimen selection and duration, reflect on the disappointments and pitfalls in the field, and highlight key areas that require continued efforts toward improving treatment approaches and rapid biomarkers for monitoring treatment response.
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Affiliation(s)
- Navisha Dookie
- Centre for the AIDS Programme of Research in South Africa, University of KwaZulu-Natal, Durban, South Africa
| | - Senamile L. Ngema
- Centre for the AIDS Programme of Research in South Africa, University of KwaZulu-Natal, Durban, South Africa
| | - Rubeshan Perumal
- Centre for the AIDS Programme of Research in South Africa, University of KwaZulu-Natal, Durban, South Africa
- South African Medical Research Council–CAPRISA HIV-TB Pathogenesis and Treatment Research Unit, Durban, South Africa
| | - Nikita Naicker
- Centre for the AIDS Programme of Research in South Africa, University of KwaZulu-Natal, Durban, South Africa
- South African Medical Research Council–CAPRISA HIV-TB Pathogenesis and Treatment Research Unit, Durban, South Africa
| | - Nesri Padayatchi
- Centre for the AIDS Programme of Research in South Africa, University of KwaZulu-Natal, Durban, South Africa
- South African Medical Research Council–CAPRISA HIV-TB Pathogenesis and Treatment Research Unit, Durban, South Africa
| | - Kogieleum Naidoo
- Centre for the AIDS Programme of Research in South Africa, University of KwaZulu-Natal, Durban, South Africa
- South African Medical Research Council–CAPRISA HIV-TB Pathogenesis and Treatment Research Unit, Durban, South Africa
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5
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Novel approaches for the treatment of infections due to multidrug-resistant bacterial pathogens. Future Med Chem 2022; 14:1133-1148. [PMID: 35861021 DOI: 10.4155/fmc-2022-0029] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Antimicrobial resistance (AMR), which is a major challenge for global healthcare, emerging because of several reasons including overpopulation, increased global migration and selection pressure due to enhanced use of antibiotics. Antibiotics are the widely used therapeutic options to combat infectious diseases; however, unfortunately, inadequate and irregular antibiotic courses are also major contributing factors in the emergence of AMR. Additionally, persistent failure to develop and commercialize new antibiotics has created the scarcity of effective anti-infective drugs. Thus, there is an urgent need for a new class of antimicrobials and other novel approaches to curb the menace of AMR. Besides the conventional approaches, some novel approaches such as the use of antimicrobial peptides, bacteriophages, immunomodulation, host-directed therapy and antibodies have shown really promising potentials.
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6
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Horetski M, Gorlova A, Płocińska R, Brzostek A, Faletrov Y, Dziadek J, Shkumatov V. Synthesis, Optical Properties, Preliminary Antimycobacterial Evaluation and Docking Studies of Trifluoroacetylated 3‐Pyrrolyl Boron‐Dipyrromethene. ChemistrySelect 2022. [DOI: 10.1002/slct.202200506] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/05/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Matvey Horetski
- Department of Macromolecular Compounds Belarusian State University 14 Leningradskaya Street. Minsk 220030 Belarus
| | - Anna Gorlova
- Department of Natural Sciences Novosibirsk State University 1 Pirogova Street. Novosibirsk 630090 Russia
| | - Renata Płocińska
- The Institute of Medical Biology Polish Academy of Sciences 106 Lodowa Street. Lodz 93-232 Poland
| | - Anna Brzostek
- The Institute of Medical Biology Polish Academy of Sciences 106 Lodowa Street. Lodz 93-232 Poland
| | - Yaroslav Faletrov
- Department of Macromolecular Compounds Belarusian State University 14 Leningradskaya Street. Minsk 220030 Belarus
| | - Jarosław Dziadek
- The Institute of Medical Biology Polish Academy of Sciences 106 Lodowa Street. Lodz 93-232 Poland
| | - Vladimir Shkumatov
- Department of Macromolecular Compounds Belarusian State University 14 Leningradskaya Street. Minsk 220030 Belarus
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Pretomanid for tuberculosis treatment: an update for clinical purposes. CURRENT RESEARCH IN PHARMACOLOGY AND DRUG DISCOVERY 2022; 3:100128. [PMID: 36105740 PMCID: PMC9461242 DOI: 10.1016/j.crphar.2022.100128] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/20/2022] [Revised: 08/16/2022] [Accepted: 09/03/2022] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Coronavirus disease (COVID-19) pandemic determined a 10 years-set back in tuberculosis (TB) control programs. Recent advances in available therapies may help recover the time lost. While Linezolid (LZD) and Bedaquiline (BDQ), previously Group D second line drugs (SLDs) for TB, have been relocated to Group A, other drugs are currently being studied in regimens for drug resistant TB (DR-TB). Among these, Pretomanid (PA), a recently introduced antimycobacterial drug derived from nitroimidazole with both solid bactericidal and bacteriostatic effect, and with an excellent effectiveness and tolerability profile, is in the spotlight. Following promising data obtained from recently published and ongoing randomized controlled trials (RCTs), the World Health Organization (WHO) determined to include PA in its guidelines for the treatment of rifampicin-resistant (RR), multi drug resistant (MDR) and pre-extensively drug resistant TB (pre-XDR-TB) with BDQ, LZD and Moxifloxacine (MFX) in a 6-month regimen. Although further studies on the subject are needed, PA may also represent a treatment option for drug-susceptible TB (DS-TB), latent TB infection (LTBI) and non tuberculous mycobacteria (NTM). This narrative review aims to examine current implementation options and future possibilities for PA in the never-ending fight against TB.
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8
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Fridianto KT, Li M, Hards K, Negatu DA, Cook GM, Dick T, Lam Y, Go ML. Functionalized Dioxonaphthoimidazoliums: A Redox Cycling Chemotype with Potent Bactericidal Activities against Mycobacterium tuberculosis. J Med Chem 2021; 64:15991-16007. [PMID: 34706190 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jmedchem.1c01383] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Abstract
Disruption of redox homeostasis in mycobacteria causes irreversible stress induction and cell death. Here, we report the dioxonaphthoimidazolium scaffold as a novel redox cycling antituberculosis chemotype with potent bactericidal activity against growing and nutrient-starved phenotypically drug-resistant nongrowing bacteria. Maximal potency was dependent on the activation of the redox cycling quinone by the positively charged scaffold and accessibility to the mycobacterial cell membrane as directed by the lipophilicity and conformational characteristics of the N-substituted side chains. Evidence from microbiological, biochemical, and genetic investigations implicates a redox-driven mode of action that is reliant on the reduction of the quinone by type II NADH dehydrogenase (NDH2) for the generation of bactericidal levels of the reactive oxygen species (ROS). The bactericidal profile of a potent water-soluble analogue 32 revealed good activity against nutrient-starved organisms in the Loebel model of dormancy, low spontaneous resistance mutation frequency, and synergy with isoniazid in the checkerboard assay.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Kiel Hards
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, University of Otago, Dunedin 9054, New Zealand
| | - Dereje A Negatu
- Center for Discovery and Innovation, Hackensack Meridian Health & Department of Medical Sciences, Hackensack Meridian School of Medicine, Nutley, New Jersey 07110, United States
| | - Gregory M Cook
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, University of Otago, Dunedin 9054, New Zealand
| | - Thomas Dick
- Center for Discovery and Innovation, Hackensack Meridian Health & Department of Medical Sciences, Hackensack Meridian School of Medicine, Nutley, New Jersey 07110, United States.,Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Georgetown University, Washington, District of Columbia 20057, United States
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9
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Quang NT, Jang J. Current Molecular Therapeutic Agents and Drug Candidates for Mycobacterium abscessus. Front Pharmacol 2021; 12:724725. [PMID: 34526902 PMCID: PMC8435730 DOI: 10.3389/fphar.2021.724725] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/14/2021] [Accepted: 08/03/2021] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Mycobacterium abscessus has been recognised as a dreadful respiratory pathogen among the non-tuberculous mycobacteria (NTM) because of misdiagnosis, prolonged therapy with poor treatment outcomes and a high cost. This pathogen also shows extremely high antimicrobial resistance against current antibiotics, including the anti-tuberculosis agents. Therefore, current chemotherapies require a long curative period and the clinical outcomes are not satisfactory. Thus, there is an urgent need for discovering and developing novel, more effective anti-M. abscessus drugs. In this review, we sum the effectiveness of the current anti-M. abscessus drugs and drug candidates. Furthermore, we describe the shortcomings and difficulties associated with M. abscessus drug discovery and development.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nguyen Thanh Quang
- Molecular Mechanisms of Antibiotics, Division of Life Science, Department of Bio and Medical Big Data (BK21 Four Program), Research Institute of Life Science, Gyeongsang National University, Jinju, South Korea
| | - Jichan Jang
- Molecular Mechanisms of Antibiotics, Division of Life Science, Department of Bio and Medical Big Data (BK21 Four Program), Research Institute of Life Science, Gyeongsang National University, Jinju, South Korea
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10
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Chemical Classes Presenting Novel Antituberculosis Agents Currently in Different Phases of Drug Development: A 2010-2020 Review. PHARMACEUTICALS (BASEL, SWITZERLAND) 2021; 14:ph14050461. [PMID: 34068171 PMCID: PMC8152995 DOI: 10.3390/ph14050461] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/27/2021] [Revised: 05/08/2021] [Accepted: 05/10/2021] [Indexed: 01/18/2023]
Abstract
Tuberculosis (TB), caused by Mycobacterium tuberculosis (Mtb), is a curable airborne disease currently treated using a drug regimen consisting of four drugs. Global TB control has been a persistent challenge for many decades due to the emergence of drug-resistant Mtb strains. The duration and complexity of TB treatment are the main issues leading to treatment failures. Other challenges faced by currently deployed TB regimens include drug-drug interactions, miss-matched pharmacokinetics parameters of drugs in a regimen, and lack of activity against slow replicating sub-population. These challenges underpin the continuous search for novel TB drugs and treatment regimens. This review summarizes new TB drugs/drug candidates under development with emphasis on their chemical classes, biological targets, mode of resistance generation, and pharmacokinetic properties. As effective TB treatment requires a combination of drugs, the issue of drug-drug interaction is, therefore, of great concern; herein, we have compiled drug-drug interaction reports, as well as efficacy reports for drug combinations studies involving antitubercular agents in clinical development.
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11
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Bedaquiline: Current status and future perspectives. J Glob Antimicrob Resist 2021; 25:48-59. [PMID: 33684606 DOI: 10.1016/j.jgar.2021.02.017] [Citation(s) in RCA: 35] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/15/2020] [Revised: 01/28/2021] [Accepted: 02/17/2021] [Indexed: 12/21/2022] Open
Abstract
The development of drug-resistant tuberculosis (TB) is a major threat worldwide. Based on World Health Organization (WHO) reports, it is estimated that more than 500 000 new cases of drug-resistant TB occur annually. In addition, there are alarming reports of increasing multidrug-resistant TB (MDR-TB) and the emergence of extensively drug-resistant TB (XDR-TB) from different countries of the world. Therefore, new options for TB therapy are required. Bedaquiline (BDQ), a novel anti-TB drug, has significant minimum inhibitory concentrations (MICs) both against drug-susceptible and drug-resistant TB. Moreover, BDQ was recently approved for therapy of MDR-TB. The current narrative review summarises the available data on BDQ resistance, describes its antimicrobial properties, and provides new perspectives on clinical use of this novel anti-TB agent.
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12
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Van Der Walt M, Keddy KH. The Tuberculosis-Depression Syndemic and Evolution of Pharmaceutical Therapeutics: From Ancient Times to the Future. Front Psychiatry 2021; 12:617751. [PMID: 34140898 PMCID: PMC8203803 DOI: 10.3389/fpsyt.2021.617751] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/16/2020] [Accepted: 04/15/2021] [Indexed: 01/08/2023] Open
Abstract
The interplay between tuberculosis and depression has been problematic since the humoralists. Over the centuries similarities in disease management have transpired. With the advent of isoniazid chemotherapy, transformation of tuberculosis patients from morbidly depressive to euphoric was noted. Isoniazid was thereafter widely prescribed for depression: hepatotoxicity ending its use as an antidepressant in 1961. Isoniazid monotherapy led to the emergence of drug resistant tuberculosis, stimulating new drug development. Vastly increased investment into antidepressants ensued thereafter while investment in new drugs for tuberculosis lagged. In the 21st century, both diseases independently contribute significantly to global disease burdens: renewed convergence and the resultant syndemic is detrimental to both patient groups. Ending the global tuberculosis epidemic and decreasing the burden of depression and will require multidisciplinary, patient-centered approaches that consider this combined co-morbidity. The emerging era of big data for health, digital interventions and novel and repurposed compounds promise new ways to treat both diseases and manage the syndemic, but absence of clinical structures to support these innovations may derail the treatment programs for both. New policies are urgently required optimizing use of the current advances in healthcare available in the digital era, to ensure that patient-centered care takes cognizance of both diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Martie Van Der Walt
- Tuberculosis Platform, South African Medical Research Council, Pretoria, South Africa
| | - Karen H Keddy
- Tuberculosis Platform, South African Medical Research Council, Pretoria, South Africa
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Meena CL, Singh P, Shaliwal RP, Kumar V, Kumar A, Tiwari AK, Asthana S, Singh R, Mahajan D. Synthesis and evaluation of thiophene based small molecules as potent inhibitors of Mycobacterium tuberculosis. Eur J Med Chem 2020; 208:112772. [PMID: 32920342 DOI: 10.1016/j.ejmech.2020.112772] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/27/2020] [Revised: 06/18/2020] [Accepted: 08/17/2020] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
Herein, we report the synthesis and anti-tubercular studies of novel molecules based on thiophene scaffold. We identified two novel small molecules 4a and 4b, which demonstrated 2-fold higher in vitro activity (MIC99: 0.195 μM) compared to first line TB drug, isoniazid (0.39 μM). The identified leads demonstrated additive effect with front line TB drugs (isoniazid, rifampicin and levofloxacin) and synergistic effect with a recently FDA-approved drug, bedaquiline. Mechanistic studies (i) negated the role of Pks13 and (ii) suggested the involvement of KatG in the anti-tubercular activity of these identified leads.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chhuttan L Meena
- Translational Health Science and Technology Institute (THSTI), NCR Biotech Science Cluster, 3rd Milestone, Faridabad-Gurugram Expressway, Faridabad, 121001, India
| | - Padam Singh
- Translational Health Science and Technology Institute (THSTI), NCR Biotech Science Cluster, 3rd Milestone, Faridabad-Gurugram Expressway, Faridabad, 121001, India
| | - Ravi P Shaliwal
- Translational Health Science and Technology Institute (THSTI), NCR Biotech Science Cluster, 3rd Milestone, Faridabad-Gurugram Expressway, Faridabad, 121001, India
| | - Varun Kumar
- Translational Health Science and Technology Institute (THSTI), NCR Biotech Science Cluster, 3rd Milestone, Faridabad-Gurugram Expressway, Faridabad, 121001, India
| | - Arun Kumar
- Translational Health Science and Technology Institute (THSTI), NCR Biotech Science Cluster, 3rd Milestone, Faridabad-Gurugram Expressway, Faridabad, 121001, India
| | - Anoop Kumar Tiwari
- Translational Health Science and Technology Institute (THSTI), NCR Biotech Science Cluster, 3rd Milestone, Faridabad-Gurugram Expressway, Faridabad, 121001, India
| | - Shailendra Asthana
- Translational Health Science and Technology Institute (THSTI), NCR Biotech Science Cluster, 3rd Milestone, Faridabad-Gurugram Expressway, Faridabad, 121001, India
| | - Ramandeep Singh
- Translational Health Science and Technology Institute (THSTI), NCR Biotech Science Cluster, 3rd Milestone, Faridabad-Gurugram Expressway, Faridabad, 121001, India.
| | - Dinesh Mahajan
- Translational Health Science and Technology Institute (THSTI), NCR Biotech Science Cluster, 3rd Milestone, Faridabad-Gurugram Expressway, Faridabad, 121001, India.
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14
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Pretomanid: A novel therapeutic paradigm for treatment of drug resistant tuberculosis. Indian J Tuberc 2020; 68:106-113. [PMID: 33641829 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijtb.2020.09.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/28/2020] [Revised: 08/16/2020] [Accepted: 09/03/2020] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
Tuberculosis is currently an anticipated driver of pandemic diseases. It remains an imminent issue accounting for about 1.4 million deaths annually across the world. Since the evolution of human entity drug susceptible tuberculosis was managed through potent first line therapies. Unfortunately, the emergence of newer multitude strains refractory amongst available drugs in Drug resistant TB has led to an emergence MDR-TB and XDR-TB. Moreover, the increasing incidence of drug susceptible TB in developing countries paved way to development of new guidelines for treating various form of tuberculosis. Furthermore, newer regimens are warranted to combat resistance that preferably cause a reduction in mortality. Until now, various ongoing trials are being carried in order to potentially evaluate the suitable novel drug candidates, repurposed drugs and host directed therapies that will optimistically be safe, easy to tolerate, cost effective and non-toxic that will modify the prospects for treating drug resistant TB and latent TB. In context, the current scenario seems to impose a significant challenge on health care researchers in the field of drug discovery owing to complexities, prolong treatment duration, and is cumbersome. Pretomanid is a novel drug with potent bactericidal properties emerging a key advancement used in combination along with other drug therapies This review details the role of pretomanid in treating tuberculosis and the clinical trials in adultsd.
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15
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Outcomes and adverse events of pre- and extensively drug-resistant tuberculosis patients in Kinshasa, Democratique Republic of the Congo: A retrospective cohort study. PLoS One 2020; 15:e0236264. [PMID: 32750060 PMCID: PMC7402497 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0236264] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/16/2019] [Accepted: 07/01/2020] [Indexed: 11/30/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Extensively drug-resistant tuberculosis (XDR TB) is a very serious form of tuberculosis that is burdened with a heavy mortality toll, especially before the advent of new TB drugs. The Democratic Republic of the Congo (DRC) is among the countries most affected by this new epidemic. Methods A retrospective analysis was performed of the records of all patients with pre- and extensively drug-resistant tuberculosis hospitalized from January 1, 2015 to December 31, 2017 and monitored for at least 6 months to one year after the end of their treatment in Kinshasa; an individualized therapeutic regimen with bedaquiline for 20 months was built for each patient. The adverse effects were systematically monitored. Results Of the 40 laboratory-confirmed patients, 32 (80%) patients started treatment, including 29 preXRB and 3 XDR TB patients. In the eligible group, 3 patients (9.4%) had HIV-TB coinfections. The therapeutic success rate was 53.2%, and the mortality rate was 46.8% (15/32); there were no relapses, failures or losses to follow-up. All coinfected HIV–TB patients died during treatment. The cumulative patient survival rate was 62.5% at 3 months, 53.1% at 6 months and 53.1% at 20 months. The most common adverse events were vomiting, Skin rash, anemia and peripheral neuropathy. Conclusion The new anti-tuberculosis drugs are a real hope for the management of Drug Resistant tuberculosis patient and other new therapeutic combinations may improve favorable outcomes.
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Timo GO, Reis RSSVD, Melo AFD, Costa TVL, Magalhães PDO, Homem-de-Mello M. Predictive Power of In Silico Approach to Evaluate Chemicals against M. tuberculosis: A Systematic Review. Pharmaceuticals (Basel) 2019; 12:E135. [PMID: 31527425 PMCID: PMC6789803 DOI: 10.3390/ph12030135] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/02/2019] [Revised: 08/06/2019] [Accepted: 08/15/2019] [Indexed: 12/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Mycobacterium tuberculosis (Mtb) is an endemic bacterium worldwide that causes tuberculosis (TB) and involves long-term treatment that is not always effective. In this context, several studies are trying to develop and evaluate new substances active against Mtb. In silico techniques are often used to predict the effects on some known target. We used a systematic approach to find and evaluate manuscripts that applied an in silico technique to find antimycobacterial molecules and tried to prove its predictive potential by testing them in vitro or in vivo. After searching three different databases and applying exclusion criteria, we were able to retrieve 46 documents. We found that they all follow a similar screening procedure, but few studies exploited equal targets, exploring the interaction of multiple ligands to 29 distinct enzymes. The following in vitro/vivo analysis showed that, although the virtual assays were able to decrease the number of molecules tested, saving time and money, virtual screening procedures still need to develop the correlation to more favorable in vitro outcomes. We find that the in silico approach has a good predictive power for in vitro results, but call for more studies to evaluate its clinical predictive possibilities.
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Affiliation(s)
- Giulia Oliveira Timo
- InSiliTox, Department of Pharmacy, Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Brasilia, Brasilia 70910-900, Brazil
| | | | - Adriana Françozo de Melo
- InSiliTox, Department of Pharmacy, Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Brasilia, Brasilia 70910-900, Brazil
| | | | - Pérola de Oliveira Magalhães
- Laboratory of Natural Products, Department of Pharmacy, Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Brasilia, Brasilia 70910-900, Brazil
| | - Mauricio Homem-de-Mello
- InSiliTox, Department of Pharmacy, Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Brasilia, Brasilia 70910-900, Brazil.
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17
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Time to appropriate treatment in patients with multidrug-resistant tuberculosis in South Korea: Are we still in 2010? PLoS One 2019; 14:e0216084. [PMID: 31022260 PMCID: PMC6483266 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0216084] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/04/2019] [Accepted: 04/12/2019] [Indexed: 11/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Background This study investigated the time to appropriate treatment and factors affecting late treatment initiation in patients with multidrug-resistant tuberculosis (MDR-TB) in South Korea. Methods Data from patients with culture-confirmed pulmonary MDR-TB who received treatment at Pusan National University Hospital (PNUH) between January 2010 and July 2018 were reviewed retrospectively. Patients were divided into two groups according to the first institution they visited [patients who were transferred to PNUH after diagnosis of MDR-TB (Group A) and patients who were initially diagnosed with TB at PNUH (Group B)]. Results A total of 100 patients were included (53 in Group A and 47 in Group B). The percentage of patients in whom line probe assays (LPAs) for isoniazid and rifampin or Xpert MTB/RIF assays were performed was higher in Group B than in Group A [20.8 vs. 57.4% (P < 0.001) and 17.0 vs. 46.8% (P = 0.001), respectively]. The median time from the first visit to appropriate treatment initiation was longer in Group A (102.0 vs. 77.0 days, P = 0.002). However, a subgroup analysis of patients with pre-extensively or extensively drug-resistant TB (pre-XDR- or XDR-TB) revealed that the time to appropriate treatment did not differ between Groups A and B. Although the time to appropriate treatment decreased during the study period in both Groups A and B, this trend was not evident in patients with pre-XDR- or XDR-TB in Group B. Based on multivariate analyses, performance of LPAs for isoniazid and rifampin, performance of Xpert MTB/RIF assays, and the presence of uncomplicated MDR-TB were protective against delays in appropriate treatment initiation. Conclusions The time to appropriate treatment in patients with MDR-TB in South Korea was not acceptable, particularly for patients diagnosed outside of PNUH and for patients with pre-XDR- or XDR-TB. The use of rapid molecular drug susceptibility tests in various healthcare settings and introduction of second-line LPAs are required.
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18
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Challenges and recent progress in drug discovery for tropical diseases. Nature 2018; 559:498-506. [PMID: 30046073 PMCID: PMC6129172 DOI: 10.1038/s41586-018-0327-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 120] [Impact Index Per Article: 20.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/08/2018] [Accepted: 05/02/2018] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
Infectious tropical diseases have a huge effect in terms of mortality and morbidity, and impose a heavy economic burden on affected countries. These diseases predominantly affect the world's poorest people. Currently available drugs are inadequate for the majority of these diseases, and there is an urgent need for new treatments. This Review discusses some of the challenges involved in developing new drugs to treat these diseases and highlights recent progress. While there have been notable successes, there is still a long way to go.
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Heyckendorf J, van Leth F, Kalsdorf B, Olaru ID, Günther G, Salzer H, Terhalle E, Rolling T, Glattki G, Müller M, Schuhmann M, Avsar K, Lange C. Relapse-free cure from multidrug-resistant tuberculosis in Germany. Eur Respir J 2018; 51:51/2/1702122. [DOI: 10.1183/13993003.02122-2017] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/15/2017] [Accepted: 12/20/2017] [Indexed: 11/05/2022]
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20
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Salina EG, Huszár S, Zemanová J, Keruchenko J, Riabova O, Kazakova E, Grigorov A, Azhikina T, Kaprelyants A, Mikušová K, Makarov V. Copper-related toxicity in replicating and dormantMycobacterium tuberculosiscaused by 1-hydroxy-5-R-pyridine-2(1H)-thiones. Metallomics 2018; 10:992-1002. [DOI: 10.1039/c8mt00067k] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/30/2022]
Abstract
1-Hydroxy-5-R-pyridine-2(1H)-thiones are novel copper-dependentM. tuberculosisinhibitors that provide intracellular accumulation of toxic concentrations of copper.
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Affiliation(s)
- Elena G. Salina
- Bach Institute of Biochemistry
- Research Center of Biotechnology of the Russian Academy of Sciences
- Moscow
- Russia
| | - Stanislav Huszár
- Comenius University in Bratislava
- Faculty of Natural Sciences
- Department of Biochemistry
- 84215 Bratislava
- Slovak Republic
| | - Júlia Zemanová
- Comenius University in Bratislava
- Faculty of Natural Sciences
- Department of Biochemistry
- 84215 Bratislava
- Slovak Republic
| | - Jan Keruchenko
- Bach Institute of Biochemistry
- Research Center of Biotechnology of the Russian Academy of Sciences
- Moscow
- Russia
| | - Olga Riabova
- Bach Institute of Biochemistry
- Research Center of Biotechnology of the Russian Academy of Sciences
- Moscow
- Russia
| | - Elena Kazakova
- Bach Institute of Biochemistry
- Research Center of Biotechnology of the Russian Academy of Sciences
- Moscow
- Russia
| | | | - Tatyana Azhikina
- Shemyakin and Ovchinnikov Institute of Bioorganic Chemistry
- Russian Academy of Sciences
- Moscow
- Russian Federation
| | - Arseny Kaprelyants
- Bach Institute of Biochemistry
- Research Center of Biotechnology of the Russian Academy of Sciences
- Moscow
- Russia
| | - Katarína Mikušová
- Comenius University in Bratislava
- Faculty of Natural Sciences
- Department of Biochemistry
- 84215 Bratislava
- Slovak Republic
| | - Vadim Makarov
- Bach Institute of Biochemistry
- Research Center of Biotechnology of the Russian Academy of Sciences
- Moscow
- Russia
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21
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Schaaf HS, Garcia-Prats AJ, McKenna L, Seddon JA. Challenges of using new and repurposed drugs for the treatment of multidrug-resistant tuberculosis in children. Expert Rev Clin Pharmacol 2017; 11:233-244. [DOI: 10.1080/17512433.2018.1421067] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/18/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- H. Simon Schaaf
- Desmond Tutu TB Centre, Department of Paediatrics and Child Health, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, Stellenbosch University, Cape Town, South Africa
| | - Anthony J. Garcia-Prats
- Desmond Tutu TB Centre, Department of Paediatrics and Child Health, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, Stellenbosch University, Cape Town, South Africa
| | | | - James A. Seddon
- Desmond Tutu TB Centre, Department of Paediatrics and Child Health, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, Stellenbosch University, Cape Town, South Africa
- Centre for International Child Health, Department of Paediatrics, Imperial College London, London, UK
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Lee YS, Lee BY, Jo KW, Shim TS. Performance of the GenoType MTBDRsl assay for the detection second-line anti-tuberculosis drug resistance. J Infect Chemother 2017; 23:820-825. [PMID: 29066216 DOI: 10.1016/j.jiac.2017.08.010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/06/2017] [Revised: 08/09/2017] [Accepted: 08/15/2017] [Indexed: 10/18/2022]
Abstract
The rapid detection of drug-resistant tuberculosis (TB) is important to improve treatment outcomes and prevent disease transmission. The GenoType MTBDRsl assay (MTBDRsl assay) was developed to detect fluoroquinolone (FQ) and second-line injectable drug (SLID) resistance. The aim of this study was to evaluate the performance and clinical utility of MTBDRsl assay. We retrospectively reviewed patient medical records with MTBDRsl assay data between December 2011 and February 2017. MTBDRsl assay results were compared with that of phenotypic drug susceptibility testing. In addition, treatment outcomes were analyzed to evaluate the clinical utility of the MTBDRsl assay. Among 107 clinical isolates (84 cultured isolates and 23 sputum specimens), 85 (79.4%) were multidrug-resistant TB and 9 (8.4%) were extensively drug-resistant TB (XDR-TB). The sensitivity, specificity, positive predictive value (PPV), negative predictive value (NPV), and accuracy of MTBDRsl assay for detecting FQ resistance was 87.5%, 94.7%, 87.5%, 94.7%, and 92.5%, respectively. The sensitivity, specificity, PPV, NPV, and accuracy of MTBDRsl assay for detecting SLID resistance was 88.9%, 98.9%, 94.1%, 97.8%, and 97.2%, respectively. Novel drugs such as bedaquiline and linezolid were more commonly used in patients with FQ or SLID resistance detected by the MTBDRsl assay and, probably therefore, the treatment outcome was favorable irrespective of FQ or SLID resistance. The MTBDRsl assay could be used as a rule-in test to detect FQ and SLID resistance. By detecting FQ- and SLID-drug resistance rapidly, novel or repurposed drugs could be initiated earlier, suggesting that better treatment outcomes would be expected in patients with pre-XDR- and XDR-TB.
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Affiliation(s)
- Young Seok Lee
- Division of Respiratory and Critical Care Medicine, Department of Internal Medicine, Korea University Medical Center, Guro Hospital, Seoul, South Korea
| | - Bo Young Lee
- Division of Allergy and Respiratory Diseases, SoonChunHyang University Hospital, Seoul, South Korea
| | - Kyung-Wook Jo
- Department of Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, University of Ulsan College of Medicine, Asan Medical Center, Seoul, South Korea
| | - Tae Sun Shim
- Department of Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, University of Ulsan College of Medicine, Asan Medical Center, Seoul, South Korea.
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Olaru ID, Heyckendorf J, Andres S, Kalsdorf B, Lange C. Bedaquiline-based treatment regimen for multidrug-resistant tuberculosis. Eur Respir J 2017; 49:49/5/1700742. [DOI: 10.1183/13993003.00742-2017] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/10/2017] [Accepted: 04/29/2017] [Indexed: 11/05/2022]
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24
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Sato MR, Oshiro Junior JA, Machado RT, de Souza PC, Campos DL, Pavan FR, da Silva PB, Chorilli M. Nanostructured lipid carriers for incorporation of copper(II) complexes to be used against Mycobacterium tuberculosis. Drug Des Devel Ther 2017; 11:909-921. [PMID: 28356717 PMCID: PMC5367736 DOI: 10.2147/dddt.s127048] [Citation(s) in RCA: 42] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/23/2022] Open
Abstract
Tuberculosis (TB) is a disease caused by Mycobacterium tuberculosis. Cessation of treatment before the recommended conclusion may lead to the emergence of multidrug-resistant strains. The aim of this study was to develop nanostructured lipid carriers (NLCs) for use in the treatment of M. tuberculosis. The NLCs comprised the following lipid phase: 2.07% polyoxyethylene 40 stearate, 2.05% caprylic/capric triglyceride, and 0.88% polyoxyl 40 hydrogenated castor oil; the following aqueous phase: 3.50% poloxamer 407 (F1-F6), and 0.50% cetyltrimethylammonium bromide (F7-F12); and incorporated the copper(II) complexes [CuCl2(INH)2]·H2O (1), [Cu(NCS)2(INH)2]·5H2O (2), and [Cu(NCO)2(INH)2]·4H2O (3) to form compounds F11.1, F11.2, and F11.3, respectively. The mean diameter of F11, F11.1, F11.2, and F11.3 ranged from 111.27±21.86 to 134.25±22.72 nm, 90.27±12.97 to 116.46±9.17 nm, 112.4±10.22 to 149.3±15.82 nm, and 78.65±6.00 to 122.00±8.70 nm, respectively. The polydispersity index values for the NLCs ranged from 0.13±0.01 to 0.30±0.09. The NLCs showed significant changes in zeta potential, except for F11.2, with F11, F11.1, F11.2, and F11.3 ranging from 18.87±4.04 to 23.25±1.13 mV, 17.03±1.77 to 21.42±1.87 mV, 20.51±1.88 to 22.60±3.44 mV, and 17.80±1.96 to 25.25±7.78 mV, respectively. Atomic force microscopy confirmed the formation of nanoscale spherical particle dispersions by the NLCs. Differential scanning calorimetry determined the melting points of the constituents of the NLCs. The in vitro activity of copper(II) complex-loaded NLCs against M. tuberculosis H37Rv showed an improvement in the anti-TB activity of 55.4, 27.1, and 41.1 times the activity for complexes 1, 2, and 3, respectively. An in vivo acute toxicity study of complex-loaded NLCs demonstrated their reduced toxicity. The results suggest that NLCs may be a powerful tool to optimize the activity of copper(II) complexes against M. tuberculosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mariana R Sato
- Department of Drugs and Medicines, Faculdade de Ciências Farmacêuticas, UNESP - Univ Estadual Paulista, Campus Araraquara, Araraquara, SP, Brazil
| | - João A Oshiro Junior
- Department of Drugs and Medicines, Faculdade de Ciências Farmacêuticas, UNESP - Univ Estadual Paulista, Campus Araraquara, Araraquara, SP, Brazil
| | - Rachel Ta Machado
- Department of Drugs and Medicines, Faculdade de Ciências Farmacêuticas, UNESP - Univ Estadual Paulista, Campus Araraquara, Araraquara, SP, Brazil
| | - Paula C de Souza
- Department of Biological Sciences, Faculdade de Ciências Farmacêuticas, UNESP - Univ Estadual Paulista, Campus Araraquara, Araraquara, SP, Brazil
| | - Débora L Campos
- Department of Biological Sciences, Faculdade de Ciências Farmacêuticas, UNESP - Univ Estadual Paulista, Campus Araraquara, Araraquara, SP, Brazil
| | - Fernando R Pavan
- Department of Biological Sciences, Faculdade de Ciências Farmacêuticas, UNESP - Univ Estadual Paulista, Campus Araraquara, Araraquara, SP, Brazil
| | - Patricia B da Silva
- Department of Drugs and Medicines, Faculdade de Ciências Farmacêuticas, UNESP - Univ Estadual Paulista, Campus Araraquara, Araraquara, SP, Brazil
| | - Marlus Chorilli
- Department of Drugs and Medicines, Faculdade de Ciências Farmacêuticas, UNESP - Univ Estadual Paulista, Campus Araraquara, Araraquara, SP, Brazil
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Amaral L, Viveiros M. Thioridazine: A Non-Antibiotic Drug Highly Effective, in Combination with First Line Anti-Tuberculosis Drugs, against Any Form of Antibiotic Resistance of Mycobacterium tuberculosis Due to Its Multi-Mechanisms of Action. Antibiotics (Basel) 2017; 6:antibiotics6010003. [PMID: 28098814 PMCID: PMC5372983 DOI: 10.3390/antibiotics6010003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 35] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/08/2016] [Revised: 12/29/2016] [Accepted: 01/05/2017] [Indexed: 01/01/2023] Open
Abstract
This review presents the evidence that supports the use of thioridazine (TZ) for the therapy of a pulmonary tuberculosis infection regardless of its antibiotic resistance status. The evidence consists of in vitro and ex vivo assays that demonstrate the activity of TZ against all encountered Mycobacterium tuberculosis (Mtb) regardless of its antibiotic resistance phenotype, as well as in vivo as a therapy for mice infected with multi-drug resistant strains of Mtb, or for human subjects infected with extensively drug resistant (XDR) Mtb. The mechanisms of action by which TZ brings about successful therapeutic outcomes are presented in detail.
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Affiliation(s)
- Leonard Amaral
- Insititute of Hygiene and Tropical Medicine, Universidade Nova de Lisboa, Lisbon 1349-008, Portugal.
- Institute of Medical Microbiology and Immunobiology, University of Szeged, Szeged 6720, Hungary.
| | - Miguel Viveiros
- Unidade de Microbiologia Médica, Global Health and Tropical Medicine, Instituto de Higiene e Medicina Tropical, Universidade Nova de Lisboa, Lisbon 1349-008, Portugal.
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26
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Efficacy and safety of quercetin and polyvinylpyrrolidone in treatment of patients with newly diagnosed destructive pulmonary tuberculosis in comparison with standard antimycobacterial therapy. Int J Mycobacteriol 2016; 5:446-453. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ijmyco.2016.06.012] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/10/2016] [Accepted: 06/16/2016] [Indexed: 11/20/2022] Open
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27
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Dalton JP, Uy B, Phummarin N, Copp BR, Denny WA, Swift S, Wiles S. Effect of common and experimental anti-tuberculosis treatments on Mycobacterium tuberculosis growing as biofilms. PeerJ 2016; 4:e2717. [PMID: 27904808 PMCID: PMC5126618 DOI: 10.7717/peerj.2717] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/24/2014] [Accepted: 10/25/2016] [Indexed: 01/01/2023] Open
Abstract
Much is known regarding the antibiotic susceptibility of planktonic cultures of Mycobacterium tuberculosis, the bacterium responsible for the lung disease tuberculosis (TB). As planktonically-grown M. tuberculosis are unlikely to be entirely representative of the bacterium during infection, we set out to determine how effective a range of anti-mycobacterial treatments were against M. tuberculosis growing as a biofilm, a bacterial phenotype known to be more resistant to antibiotic treatment. Light levels from bioluminescently-labelled M. tuberculosis H37Rv (strain BSG001) were used as a surrogate for bacterial viability, and were monitored before and after one week of treatment. After treatment, biofilms were disrupted, washed and inoculated into fresh broth and plated onto solid media to rescue any surviving bacteria. We found that in this phenotypic state M. tuberculosis was resistant to the majority of the compounds tested. Minimum inhibitory concentrations (MICs) increased by 20-fold to greater than 1,000-fold, underlying the potential of this phenotype to cause significant problems during treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- James P. Dalton
- Molecular Medicine and Pathology, University of Auckland, Auckland, New Zealand
- Bioluminescent Superbugs Lab, University of Auckland, Auckland, New Zealand
- Maurice Wilkins Centre for Molecular Biodiscovery, Auckland, New Zealand
| | - Benedict Uy
- Molecular Medicine and Pathology, University of Auckland, Auckland, New Zealand
- Bioluminescent Superbugs Lab, University of Auckland, Auckland, New Zealand
| | - Narisa Phummarin
- School of Chemical Sciences, University of Auckland, Auckland, New Zealand
| | - Brent R. Copp
- Maurice Wilkins Centre for Molecular Biodiscovery, Auckland, New Zealand
- School of Chemical Sciences, University of Auckland, Auckland, New Zealand
| | - William A. Denny
- Maurice Wilkins Centre for Molecular Biodiscovery, Auckland, New Zealand
- Auckland Cancer Society Research Centre, University of Auckland, Auckland, New Zealand
| | - Simon Swift
- Molecular Medicine and Pathology, University of Auckland, Auckland, New Zealand
| | - Siouxsie Wiles
- Molecular Medicine and Pathology, University of Auckland, Auckland, New Zealand
- Bioluminescent Superbugs Lab, University of Auckland, Auckland, New Zealand
- Maurice Wilkins Centre for Molecular Biodiscovery, Auckland, New Zealand
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28
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Detection of transrenal DNA for the diagnosis of pulmonary tuberculosis and treatment monitoring. Infection 2016; 45:269-276. [PMID: 27798774 DOI: 10.1007/s15010-016-0955-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/04/2016] [Accepted: 10/17/2016] [Indexed: 01/12/2023]
Abstract
PURPOSE Molecular diagnostics of patients with MTB tuberculosis from urine samples. METHODS We developed a new molecular assay based on the detection of M. tuberculosis-specific transrenal DNA (trDNA) and tested it for the diagnosis of active tuberculosis at the initiation of anti-tuberculosis therapy and during treatment follow-up. RESULTS The overall sensitivity of trDNA was 96 and 100% when smear-microscopy and trDNA was combined. In a subset of TB treatment naïve patients (n = 11) sensitivity and specificity of trDNA was 64 and 100%, respectively. For this subset of patients the sensitivity was 91% when smear-microscopy and trDNA diagnosis were combined. After treatment initiation, trDNA showed a significant reduction in concentration over time reaching undetectable trDNA values at week 12 in 9 of 11 accessible patients (82%). Kinetics in treatment-naïve patients showed low base-line trDNA levels, which increased to maximal trDNA levels within one week indicating bactericidal activity of anti-tuberculosis drugs after the initiation of effective therapy. Maximal trDNA levels correlated positively with a radiological score, suggesting that the process of DNA excretion may reflect the extent of pulmonary disease. Matched samples showed an inverse correlation between the time to positivity of solid culture with maximum trDNA levels as well as the expected positive correlation between smear grade and maximum trDNA values. CONCLUSION The detection of M. tuberculosis trDNA from urine specimen is a promising method for the diagnosis tuberculosis. The assay may be a candidate diagnostic tool for patients with paucibacillary and extrapulmonary disease, as method to assess treatment responses and could be helpful to diagnose tuberculosis in children.
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29
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Dalton JP, Uy B, Okuda KS, Hall CJ, Denny WA, Crosier PS, Swift S, Wiles S. Screening of anti-mycobacterial compounds in a naturally infected zebrafish larvae model. J Antimicrob Chemother 2016; 72:421-427. [PMID: 27798206 DOI: 10.1093/jac/dkw421] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/19/2016] [Revised: 08/28/2016] [Accepted: 09/07/2016] [Indexed: 11/14/2022] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVES Mycobacterium tuberculosis is a deadly human pathogen that causes the lung disease TB. M. tuberculosis latently infects a third of the world's population, resulting in ∼1.5 million deaths per year. Due to the difficulties and expense of carrying out animal drug trials using M. tuberculosis and rodents, infections of the zebrafish Danio rerio with Mycobacterium marinum have become a useful surrogate. However, the infection methods described to date require specialized equipment and a high level of operator expertise. METHODS We investigated whether zebrafish larvae could be naturally infected with bioluminescently labelled M. marinum by immersion, and whether infected larvae could be used for rapid screening of anti-mycobacterial compounds using bioluminescence. We used rifampicin and a variety of nitroimidazole-based next-generation and experimental anti-mycobacterial drugs, selected for their wide range of potencies against M. tuberculosis, to validate this model for anti-mycobacterial drug discovery. RESULTS We observed that five of the six treatments (rifampicin, pretomanid, delamanid, SN30488 and SN30527) significantly reduced the bioluminescent signal from M. marinum within naturally infected zebrafish larvae. Importantly, these same five treatments also retarded the growth of M. tuberculosis in vitro. In contrast, only three of the six treatments tested (rifampicin, delamanid and SN30527) retarded the growth of M. marinum in vitro. CONCLUSIONS We have demonstrated that zebrafish larvae naturally infected with bioluminescent M. marinum M can be used for the rapid screening of anti-mycobacterial compounds with readily available equipment and limited expertise. The result is an assay that can be carried out by a wide variety of laboratories for minimal cost and without high levels of zebrafish expertise.
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Affiliation(s)
- J P Dalton
- Bioluminescent Superbugs Lab, University of Auckland, Auckland, New Zealand.,Department of Molecular Medicine and Pathology, University of Auckland, Auckland, New Zealand.,Maurice Wilkins Centre for Molecular Biodiscovery, Auckland, New Zealand
| | - B Uy
- Bioluminescent Superbugs Lab, University of Auckland, Auckland, New Zealand.,Department of Molecular Medicine and Pathology, University of Auckland, Auckland, New Zealand
| | - K S Okuda
- Department of Molecular Medicine and Pathology, University of Auckland, Auckland, New Zealand
| | - C J Hall
- Department of Molecular Medicine and Pathology, University of Auckland, Auckland, New Zealand.,Maurice Wilkins Centre for Molecular Biodiscovery, Auckland, New Zealand
| | - W A Denny
- Maurice Wilkins Centre for Molecular Biodiscovery, Auckland, New Zealand.,Auckland Cancer Society Research Centre, University of Auckland, Auckland, New Zealand
| | - P S Crosier
- Department of Molecular Medicine and Pathology, University of Auckland, Auckland, New Zealand.,Maurice Wilkins Centre for Molecular Biodiscovery, Auckland, New Zealand
| | - S Swift
- Department of Molecular Medicine and Pathology, University of Auckland, Auckland, New Zealand
| | - S Wiles
- Bioluminescent Superbugs Lab, University of Auckland, Auckland, New Zealand .,Department of Molecular Medicine and Pathology, University of Auckland, Auckland, New Zealand.,Maurice Wilkins Centre for Molecular Biodiscovery, Auckland, New Zealand
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Zheng X, Av-Gay Y. New Era of TB Drug Discovery and Its Impact on Disease Management. CURRENT TREATMENT OPTIONS IN INFECTIOUS DISEASES 2016. [DOI: 10.1007/s40506-016-0098-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/24/2023]
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Kunkel A, Cobelens FG, Cohen T. Tradeoffs in Introduction Policies for the Anti-Tuberculosis Drug Bedaquiline: A Model-Based Analysis. PLoS Med 2016; 13:e1002142. [PMID: 27727274 PMCID: PMC5058480 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pmed.1002142] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/10/2016] [Accepted: 08/29/2016] [Indexed: 01/20/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND New drugs for the treatment of tuberculosis (TB) are becoming available for the first time in over 40 y. Optimal strategies for introducing these drugs have not yet been established. The objective of this study was to compare different strategies for introducing the new TB drug bedaquiline based on patients' resistance patterns. METHODS AND FINDINGS We created a Markov decision model to follow a hypothetical cohort of multidrug-resistant (MDR) TB patients under different bedaquiline use strategies. The explored strategies included making bedaquiline available to all patients with MDR TB, restricting bedaquiline usage to patients with MDR plus additional resistance and withholding bedaquiline introduction completely. We compared these strategies according to life expectancy, risks of acquired resistance, and the expected number and health outcomes of secondary cases. For our simulated cohort, the mean (2.5th, 97.5th percentile) life expectancy from time of initiation of MDR TB treatment at age 30 was 36.0 y (33.5, 38.7) assuming all patients with MDR TB received bedaquiline, 35.1 y (34.4, 35.8) assuming patients with pre-extensively drug-resistant (PreXDR) and extensively drug-resistant (XDR) TB received bedaquiline, and 34.9 y (34.6, 35.2) assuming only patients with XDR TB received bedaquiline. Although providing bedaquiline to all MDR patients resulted in the highest life expectancy for our initial cohort averaged across all parameter sets, for parameter sets in which bedaquiline conferred high risks of added mortality and only small reductions in median time to culture conversion, the optimal strategy would be to withhold use even from patients with the most extensive resistance. Across all parameter sets, the most liberal bedaquiline use strategies consistently increased the risk of bedaquiline resistance but decreased the risk of resistance to other MDR drugs. In almost all cases, more liberal bedaquiline use strategies reduced the expected number of secondary cases and resulting life years lost. The generalizability of our results is limited by the lack of available data about drug effects among individuals with HIV co-infection, drug interactions, and other sources of heterogeneity, as well as changing recommendations for MDR TB treatment. CONCLUSIONS If mortality benefits can be empirically verified, our results provide support for expanding bedaquiline access to all patients with MDR TB. Such expansion could improve patients' health, protect background MDR TB drugs, and decrease transmission, but would likely result in greater resistance to bedaquiline.
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Affiliation(s)
- Amber Kunkel
- Department of Epidemiology, Harvard T.H. Chan School of Public Health, Boston, Massachusetts, United States of America
- Department of Epidemiology of Microbial Diseases, Yale School of Public Health, New Haven, Connecticut, United States of America
- * E-mail:
| | - Frank G. Cobelens
- Department of Global Health, Academic Medical Center, Amsterdam, Netherlands
- KNCV Tuberculosis Foundation, The Hague, Netherlands
| | - Ted Cohen
- Department of Epidemiology of Microbial Diseases, Yale School of Public Health, New Haven, Connecticut, United States of America
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Effects of Lipid-Lowering Drugs on Vancomycin Susceptibility of Mycobacteria. Antimicrob Agents Chemother 2016; 60:6193-9. [PMID: 27503643 DOI: 10.1128/aac.00872-16] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/21/2016] [Accepted: 07/17/2016] [Indexed: 12/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Tuberculosis is still a cause of major concern, partly due to the emergence of multidrug-resistant strains. New drugs are therefore needed. Vancomycin can target mycobacteria with cell envelope deficiency. In this study, we used a vancomycin susceptibility assay to detect drugs hampering lipid synthesis in Mycobacterium bovis BCG and in Mycobacterium tuberculosis We tested three drugs already used to treat human obesity: tetrahydrolipstatin (THL), simvastatin, and fenofibrate. Only vancomycin and THL were able to synergize on M. bovis BCG and on M. tuberculosis, although mycobacteria could also be inhibited by simvastatin alone. Lipid analysis allowed us to identify several lipid modifications in M. tuberculosis H37Rv treated with those drugs. THL treatment mainly reduced the phthiocerol dimycocerosate (PDIM) content in the mycobacterial cell wall, providing an explanation for the synergy, since PDIM deficiency has been related to vancomycin susceptibility. Proteomic analysis suggested that bacteria treated with THL, in contrast to bacteria treated with simvastatin, tried to recover, inducing, among other reactions, lipid synthesis. The combination of THL and vancomycin should be considered a promising solution in developing new strategies to treat multidrug-resistant tuberculosis.
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Delivery of RNAi Therapeutics to the Airways-From Bench to Bedside. Molecules 2016; 21:molecules21091249. [PMID: 27657028 PMCID: PMC6272875 DOI: 10.3390/molecules21091249] [Citation(s) in RCA: 48] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/16/2016] [Revised: 09/05/2016] [Accepted: 09/13/2016] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
RNA interference (RNAi) is a potent and specific post-transcriptional gene silencing process. Since its discovery, tremendous efforts have been made to translate RNAi technology into therapeutic applications for the treatment of different human diseases including respiratory diseases, by manipulating the expression of disease-associated gene(s). Similar to other nucleic acid-based therapeutics, the major hurdle of RNAi therapy is delivery. Pulmonary delivery is a promising approach of delivering RNAi therapeutics directly to the airways for treating local conditions and minimizing systemic side effects. It is a non-invasive route of administration that is generally well accepted by patients. However, pulmonary drug delivery is a challenge as the lungs pose a series of anatomical, physiological and immunological barriers to drug delivery. Understanding these barriers is essential for the development an effective RNA delivery system. In this review, the different barriers to pulmonary drug delivery are introduced. The potential of RNAi molecules as new class of therapeutics, and the latest preclinical and clinical studies of using RNAi therapeutics in different respiratory conditions are discussed in details. We hope this review can provide some useful insights for moving inhaled RNAi therapeutics from bench to bedside.
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Sundaramurthi JC, Hanna LE, Selvaraju S, Brindha S, Joel Gnanadoss J, Vincent S, Singh H, Swaminathan S. TBDRUGS – Database of drugs for tuberculosis. Tuberculosis (Edinb) 2016; 100:69-71. [DOI: 10.1016/j.tube.2016.06.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/27/2015] [Revised: 06/13/2016] [Accepted: 06/30/2016] [Indexed: 10/21/2022]
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Baillie TA, Dalvie D, Rietjens IMCM, Cyrus Khojasteh S. Biotransformation and bioactivation reactions – 2015 literature highlights. Drug Metab Rev 2016; 48:113-38. [DOI: 10.1080/03602532.2016.1195404] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/21/2023]
Affiliation(s)
| | - Deepak Dalvie
- Pfizer Global Research and Development, La Jolla Laboratories, San Diego, CA, USA
| | | | - S. Cyrus Khojasteh
- Department of Drug Metabolism and Pharmacokinetics, Genentech, 1 DNA Way, South San Francisco, CA, USA
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Monedero I, Caminero JA, Bhavaraju R, Sanchez-Montalva A. The changing landscape in drug resistant-tuberculosis: an analysis of recent advances. Expert Rev Respir Med 2016; 10:603-6. [PMID: 26954921 DOI: 10.1586/17476348.2016.1164042] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
Affiliation(s)
| | - Jose A Caminero
- b The Union - TB-HIV Department , Gran Canarias , Spain.,c Hospital General de Gran Canaria, Dr. Negrin - Pneumology , Las Palmas de Gran Canarias , Spain
| | | | - Adrian Sanchez-Montalva
- e Infectious diseases department, Tropical Medicine Unit , PROCIS (International Health Program of the Catalan Health Institute), Vall d'Hebron University Hospital, Universistat Autònoma de Barcelona , Barcelona , Spain
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Yew WW, Koh WJ. Emerging strategies for the treatment of pulmonary tuberculosis: promise and limitations? Korean J Intern Med 2016; 31:15-29. [PMID: 26767853 PMCID: PMC4712419 DOI: 10.3904/kjim.2016.31.1.15] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/06/2015] [Accepted: 05/11/2015] [Indexed: 01/03/2023] Open
Abstract
A worsening scenario of drug-resistant tuberculosis has increased the need for new treatment strategies to tackle this worldwide emergency. There is a pressing need to simplify and shorten the current 6-month treatment regimen for drug-susceptible tuberculosis. Rifamycins and fluoroquinolones, as well as several new drugs, are potential candidates under evaluation. At the same time, treatment outcomes of patients with drug-resistant tuberculosis should be improved through optimizing the use of fluoroquinolones, repurposed agents and newly developed drugs. In this context, the safety and tolerance of new therapeutic approaches must be addressed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wing Wai Yew
- Stanley Ho Centre for Emerging Infectious Diseases, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong
- Correspondence to Wing Wai Yew, M.D. Stanley Ho Centre for Emerging Infectious Diseases, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong Tel: +852-2252-8884 Fax: +852-2635-4977 E-mail:
| | - Won-Jung Koh
- Division of Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, Department of Medicine, Samsung Medical Center, Sungkyunkwan University School of Medicine, Seoul, Korea
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Kwon YS, Koh WJ. Synthetic investigational new drugs for the treatment of tuberculosis. Expert Opin Investig Drugs 2015; 25:183-93. [PMID: 26576631 DOI: 10.1517/13543784.2016.1121993] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/05/2022]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Tuberculosis (TB) is a major global health concern. And while there are treatments already on the market, there is a demand for new drugs that are effective and safe against Mycobacterium tuberculosis, which reduce the number of drugs and the duration of treatment in both drug-susceptible TB and multidrug-resistant TB (MDR-TB). AREA COVERED This review covers promising novel investigational TB drugs that are currently under development. Specifically, the authors review the efficacy of novel agents for the treatment of TB in preclinical, phase I and phase II clinical trials. The authors also review the safety and tolerability profiles of these drugs. EXPERT OPINION Bedaquiline and delamanid are the most promising novel drugs for the treatment of MDR-TB, each having high efficacy and tolerability. However, the best regimen for achieving better outcomes and reducing adverse drug reactions remains to be determined, with safety concerns regarding cardiac events due to QT prolongation still to be addressed. Pretomanid is a novel drug that potentially shortens the duration of treatment in both drug-susceptible and drug-resistant TB in combination with moxifloxacin and pyrazinamide. Linezolid shows marked efficacy in the treatment of MDR-TB and extensively drug-resistant TB (XDR-TB), but the drug is known to cause significant adverse drug reactions, including peripheral neuropathy, optic neuropathy and myelosuppression. These adverse reactions must be considered prior to prescribing long-term usage of this drug.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yong-Soo Kwon
- a Department of Internal Medicine , Chonnam National University Hospital , Gwangju , South Korea
| | - Won-Jung Koh
- b Division of Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, Department of Medicine , Samsung Medical Center, Sungkyunkwan University School of Medicine , Seoul , South Korea
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Siwendu S, Mitchell M, Diacon AH, von Groote-Bidlingmaier F. Recruitment challenges for clinical trials with novel regimens for drug-resistant tuberculosis. Eur Respir J 2015; 47:670-2. [DOI: 10.1183/13993003.01330-2015] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/11/2015] [Accepted: 10/20/2015] [Indexed: 11/05/2022]
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Delamanid in multidrug-resistant tuberculosis: a guide to its use in the EU. DRUGS & THERAPY PERSPECTIVES 2015. [DOI: 10.1007/s40267-015-0251-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/27/2022]
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Douros A, Grabowski K, Stahlmann R. Drug–drug interactions and safety of linezolid, tedizolid, and other oxazolidinones. Expert Opin Drug Metab Toxicol 2015; 11:1849-59. [DOI: 10.1517/17425255.2015.1098617] [Citation(s) in RCA: 49] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/05/2023]
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Esposito S, Bianchini S, Blasi F. Bedaquiline and delamanid in tuberculosis. Expert Opin Pharmacother 2015; 16:2319-30. [DOI: 10.1517/14656566.2015.1080240] [Citation(s) in RCA: 38] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/05/2022]
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Krieger D, Vesenbeckh S, Schönfeld N, Bettermann G, Bauer TT, Rüssmann H, Mauch H. Mefloquine as a potential drug against multidrug-resistant tuberculosis. Eur Respir J 2015. [DOI: 10.1183/13993003.00321-2015] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/05/2022]
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In silico-based high-throughput screen for discovery of novel combinations for tuberculosis treatment. Antimicrob Agents Chemother 2015; 59:5664-74. [PMID: 26149995 PMCID: PMC4538536 DOI: 10.1128/aac.05148-14] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/26/2014] [Accepted: 06/27/2015] [Indexed: 11/20/2022] Open
Abstract
There are currently 18 drug classes for the treatment of tuberculosis, including those in the development pipeline. An in silico simulation enabled combing the innumerably large search space to derive multidrug combinations. Through the use of ordinary differential equations (ODE), we constructed an in silico kinetic platform in which the major metabolic pathways in Mycobacterium tuberculosis and the mechanisms of the antituberculosis drugs were integrated into a virtual proteome. The optimized model was used to evaluate 816 triplets from the set of 18 drugs. The experimentally derived cumulative fractional inhibitory concentration (∑FIC) value was within twofold of the model prediction. Bacterial enumeration revealed that a significant number of combinations that were synergistic for growth inhibition were also synergistic for bactericidal effect. The in silico-based screen provided new starting points for testing in a mouse model of tuberculosis, in which two novel triplets and five novel quartets were significantly superior to the reference drug triplet of isoniazid, rifampin, and ethambutol (HRE) or the quartet of HRE plus pyrazinamide (HREZ).
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Disulfiram and Copper Ions Kill Mycobacterium tuberculosis in a Synergistic Manner. Antimicrob Agents Chemother 2015. [PMID: 26033731 DOI: 10.1128/aac.00692‐15] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/05/2023] Open
Abstract
Tuberculosis is a severe disease affecting millions worldwide. Unfortunately, treatment strategies are hampered both by the prohibitively long treatment regimen and the rise of drug-resistant strains. Significant effort has been expended in the search for new treatments, but few options have successfully emerged, and new treatment modalities are desperately needed. Recently, there has been growing interest in the synergistic antibacterial effects of copper ions (Cu(II/I)) in combination with certain small molecular compounds, and we have previously reported development of a drug screening strategy to harness the intrinsic bactericidal properties of Cu(II/I). Here, we describe the copper-dependent antimycobacterial properties of disulfiram, an FDA-approved and well-tolerated sobriety aid. Disulfiram was inhibitory to mycobacteria only in the presence of Cu(II/I) and exerted its bactericidal activity well below the active concentration of Cu(II/I) or disulfiram alone. No other physiologically relevant bivalent transition metals (e.g., Fe(II), Ni(II), Mn(II), and Co(II)) exhibited this effect. We demonstrate that the movement of the disulfiram-copper complex across the cell envelope is porin independent and can inhibit intracellular protein functions. Additionally, the complex is able to synergistically induce intracellular copper stress responses significantly more than Cu(II/I) alone. Our data suggest that by complexing with disulfiram, Cu(II/I) is likely allowed unfettered access to vulnerable intracellular components, bypassing the normally sufficient copper homeostatic machinery. Overall, the synergistic antibacterial activity of Cu(II/I) and disulfiram reveals the susceptibility of the copper homeostasis system of Mycobacterium tuberculosis to chemical attacks and establishes compounds that act in concert with copper as a new class of bacterial inhibitors.
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Disulfiram and Copper Ions Kill Mycobacterium tuberculosis in a Synergistic Manner. Antimicrob Agents Chemother 2015; 59:4835-44. [PMID: 26033731 DOI: 10.1128/aac.00692-15] [Citation(s) in RCA: 58] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/25/2015] [Accepted: 05/27/2015] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
Tuberculosis is a severe disease affecting millions worldwide. Unfortunately, treatment strategies are hampered both by the prohibitively long treatment regimen and the rise of drug-resistant strains. Significant effort has been expended in the search for new treatments, but few options have successfully emerged, and new treatment modalities are desperately needed. Recently, there has been growing interest in the synergistic antibacterial effects of copper ions (Cu(II/I)) in combination with certain small molecular compounds, and we have previously reported development of a drug screening strategy to harness the intrinsic bactericidal properties of Cu(II/I). Here, we describe the copper-dependent antimycobacterial properties of disulfiram, an FDA-approved and well-tolerated sobriety aid. Disulfiram was inhibitory to mycobacteria only in the presence of Cu(II/I) and exerted its bactericidal activity well below the active concentration of Cu(II/I) or disulfiram alone. No other physiologically relevant bivalent transition metals (e.g., Fe(II), Ni(II), Mn(II), and Co(II)) exhibited this effect. We demonstrate that the movement of the disulfiram-copper complex across the cell envelope is porin independent and can inhibit intracellular protein functions. Additionally, the complex is able to synergistically induce intracellular copper stress responses significantly more than Cu(II/I) alone. Our data suggest that by complexing with disulfiram, Cu(II/I) is likely allowed unfettered access to vulnerable intracellular components, bypassing the normally sufficient copper homeostatic machinery. Overall, the synergistic antibacterial activity of Cu(II/I) and disulfiram reveals the susceptibility of the copper homeostasis system of Mycobacterium tuberculosis to chemical attacks and establishes compounds that act in concert with copper as a new class of bacterial inhibitors.
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