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Dourson AJ, Jankowski MP. Developmental impact of peripheral injury on neuroimmune signaling. Brain Behav Immun 2023; 113:156-165. [PMID: 37442302 PMCID: PMC10530254 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbi.2023.07.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/28/2023] [Revised: 06/01/2023] [Accepted: 07/05/2023] [Indexed: 07/15/2023] Open
Abstract
A peripheral injury drives neuroimmune interactions at the level of the injury and throughout the neuraxis. Understanding these systems will be beneficial in the pursuit to target persistent pain that involves both neural and immune components. In this review, we discuss the impact of injury on the development of neuroimmune signaling, along with data that suggest a possible cellular immune memory. We also discuss the parallel effects of injury in the nervous system and immune related areas including bone marrow, lymph node and central nervous system-related cells. Finally, we relate these findings to patient populations and current research that evaluates human tissue.
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Affiliation(s)
- Adam J Dourson
- Department of Anesthesia, Division of Pain Management, Cincinnati Children's Hospital Medical Center, Cincinnati, OH, United States; Department of Anesthesiology, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, MO, United States
| | - Michael P Jankowski
- Department of Anesthesia, Division of Pain Management, Cincinnati Children's Hospital Medical Center, Cincinnati, OH, United States; Department of Pediatrics, University of Cincinnati, College of Medicine, Cincinnati, OH, United States; Pediatric Pain Research Center, Cincinnati Children's Hospital Medical Center, Cincinnati, OH, United States.
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The BCG Moreau Vaccine Upregulates In Vitro the Expression of TLR4, B7-1, Dectin-1 and EP2 on Human Monocytes. Vaccines (Basel) 2022; 11:vaccines11010086. [PMID: 36679931 PMCID: PMC9861981 DOI: 10.3390/vaccines11010086] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/22/2022] [Revised: 12/10/2022] [Accepted: 12/13/2022] [Indexed: 01/03/2023] Open
Abstract
Background: Tuberculosis (TB) is currently the second greatest killer worldwide and is caused by a single infectious agent. Since Bacillus Calmette−Guérin (BCG) is the only vaccine currently in use against TB, studies addressing the protective role of BCG in the context of inducible surface biomarkers are urgently required for TB control. Methods: In this study, groups of HIV-negative adult healthy donors (HD; n = 22) and neonate samples (UCB; n = 48) were voluntarily enrolled. The BCG Moreau strain was used for the in vitro mononuclear cell infections. Subsequently, phenotyping tools were used for surface biomarker detection. Monocytes were assayed for TLR4, B7-1, Dectin-1, EP2, and TIM-3 expression levels. Results: At 48 h, the BCG Moreau induced the highest TLR4, B7-1, and Dectin-1 levels in the HD group only (p-value < 0.05). TIM-3 expression failed to be modulated after BCG infection. At 72 h, BCG Moreau equally induced the highest EP2 levels in the HD group (p-value < 0.005), and higher levels were also found in HD when compared with the UCB group (p-value < 0.05). Conclusions: This study uncovers critical roles for biomarkers after the instruction of host monocyte activation patterns. Understanding the regulation of human innate immune responses is critical for vaccine development and for treating infectious diseases.
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Schneider A, Weier M, Herderschee J, Perreau M, Calandra T, Roger T, Giannoni E. IRF5 Is a Key Regulator of Macrophage Response to Lipopolysaccharide in Newborns. Front Immunol 2018; 9:1597. [PMID: 30050534 PMCID: PMC6050365 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2018.01597] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/06/2018] [Accepted: 06/27/2018] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Infections are a leading cause of mortality and morbidity in newborns. The high susceptibility of newborns to infection has been associated with a limited capacity to mount protective immune responses. Monocytes and macrophages are involved in the initiation, amplification, and termination of immune responses. Depending on cues received from their environment, monocytes differentiate into M1 or M2 macrophages with proinflammatory or anti-inflammatory and tissue repair properties, respectively. The purpose of this study was to characterize differences in monocyte to macrophage differentiation and polarization between newborns and adults. Monocytes from umbilical cord blood of healthy term newborns and from peripheral blood of adult healthy subjects were exposed to GM-CSF or M-CSF to induce M1 or M2 macrophages. Newborn monocytes differentiated into M1 and M2 macrophages with similar morphology and expression of differentiation/polarization markers as adult monocytes, with the exception of CD163 that was expressed at sevenfold higher levels in newborn compared to adult M1 macrophages. Upon TLR4 stimulation, newborn M1 macrophages produced threefold to sixfold lower levels of TNF than adult macrophages, while production of IL-1-β, IL-6, IL-8, IL-10, and IL-23 was at similar levels as in adults. Nuclear levels of IRF5, a transcription factor involved in M1 polarization, were markedly reduced in newborns, whereas the NF-κB and MAP kinase pathways were not altered. In line with a functional role for IRF5, adenoviral-mediated IRF5 overexpression in newborn M1 macrophages restored lipopolysaccharide-induced TNF production. Altogether, these data highlight a distinct immune response of newborn macrophages and identify IRF5 as a key regulator of macrophage TNF response in newborns.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anina Schneider
- Clinic of Neonatology, Department of Woman-Mother-Child, Lausanne University Hospital, Lausanne, Switzerland
- Infectious Diseases Service, Department of Medicine, Lausanne University Hospital, Lausanne, Switzerland
| | - Manuela Weier
- Clinic of Neonatology, Department of Woman-Mother-Child, Lausanne University Hospital, Lausanne, Switzerland
- Infectious Diseases Service, Department of Medicine, Lausanne University Hospital, Lausanne, Switzerland
| | - Jacobus Herderschee
- Infectious Diseases Service, Department of Medicine, Lausanne University Hospital, Lausanne, Switzerland
| | - Matthieu Perreau
- Service of Immunology and Allergy, Department of Medicine, Lausanne University Hospital, Lausanne, Switzerland
| | - Thierry Calandra
- Infectious Diseases Service, Department of Medicine, Lausanne University Hospital, Lausanne, Switzerland
| | - Thierry Roger
- Infectious Diseases Service, Department of Medicine, Lausanne University Hospital, Lausanne, Switzerland
| | - Eric Giannoni
- Clinic of Neonatology, Department of Woman-Mother-Child, Lausanne University Hospital, Lausanne, Switzerland
- Infectious Diseases Service, Department of Medicine, Lausanne University Hospital, Lausanne, Switzerland
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Lambert L, Culley FJ. Innate Immunity to Respiratory Infection in Early Life. Front Immunol 2017; 8:1570. [PMID: 29184555 PMCID: PMC5694434 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2017.01570] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/06/2017] [Accepted: 11/01/2017] [Indexed: 01/09/2023] Open
Abstract
Early life is a period of particular susceptibility to respiratory infections and symptoms are frequently more severe in infants than in adults. The neonatal immune system is generally held to be deficient in most compartments; responses to innate stimuli are weak, antigen-presenting cells have poor immunostimulatory activity and adaptive lymphocyte responses are limited, leading to poor immune memory and ineffective vaccine responses. For mucosal surfaces such as the lung, which is continuously exposed to airborne antigen and to potential pathogenic invasion, the ability to discriminate between harmless and potentially dangerous antigens is essential, to prevent inflammation that could lead to loss of gaseous exchange and damage to the developing lung tissue. We have only recently begun to define the differences in respiratory immunity in early life and its environmental and developmental influences. The innate immune system may be of relatively greater importance than the adaptive immune system in the neonatal and infant period than later in life, as it does not require specific antigenic experience. A better understanding of what constitutes protective innate immunity in the respiratory tract in this age group and the factors that influence its development should allow us to predict why certain infants are vulnerable to severe respiratory infections, design treatments to accelerate the development of protective immunity, and design age specific adjuvants to better boost immunity to infection in the lung.
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Affiliation(s)
- Laura Lambert
- Faculty of Medicine, Respiratory Infections Section, National Heart and Lung Institute, Imperial College London, London, United Kingdom
| | - Fiona J Culley
- Faculty of Medicine, Respiratory Infections Section, National Heart and Lung Institute, Imperial College London, London, United Kingdom
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Procario MC, McCarthy MK, Levine RE, Molloy CT, Weinberg JB. Prostaglandin E2 production during neonatal respiratory infection with mouse adenovirus type 1. Virus Res 2016; 214:26-32. [PMID: 26795547 DOI: 10.1016/j.virusres.2016.01.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/23/2015] [Revised: 01/08/2016] [Accepted: 01/14/2016] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Abstract
Neonatal mice are more susceptible than adults to mouse adenovirus type 1 (MAV1) respiratory infection. In adult mice, MAV-1 respiratory infection induces production of prostaglandin E2 (PGE2), a lipid mediator that exerts suppressive effects on a variety of host immune functions. We tested the hypothesis that exaggerated PGE2 production in neonatal mice contributes to increased susceptibility to MAV-1. PGE2 concentrations were lower in lungs of uninfected neonatal mice than in adults. PGE2 production was induced by both MAV-1 and a nonspecific stimulus to a greater degree in neonatal mice than in adults, but only in adults was PGE2 induced in a virus-specific manner. Lung viral loads were equivalent in PGE2-deficient neonatal mice and wild type controls, as was virus-induced expression of IFN-γ, IL-17A, and CCL5 in the lungs. PGE2 deficiency had minimal effect on production of virus-specific IgG or establishment of protective immunity in neonatal mice. Collectively, our data indicate that lung PGE2 production is exaggerated early in life, but this effect does not mediate increased susceptibility to MAV-1 infection.
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Affiliation(s)
- Megan C Procario
- Department of Pediatrics and Communicable Diseases, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI, United States
| | - Mary K McCarthy
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI, United States
| | - Rachael E Levine
- Department of Pediatrics and Communicable Diseases, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI, United States
| | - Caitlyn T Molloy
- Department of Pediatrics and Communicable Diseases, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI, United States
| | - Jason B Weinberg
- Department of Pediatrics and Communicable Diseases, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI, United States; Department of Microbiology and Immunology, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI, United States.
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Landwehr-Kenzel S, Henneke P. Interaction of Streptococcus agalactiae and Cellular Innate Immunity in Colonization and Disease. Front Immunol 2014; 5:519. [PMID: 25400631 PMCID: PMC4212683 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2014.00519] [Citation(s) in RCA: 66] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/30/2014] [Accepted: 10/05/2014] [Indexed: 12/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Streptococcus agalactiae (Group B streptococcus, GBS) is highly adapted to humans, where it is a normal constituent of the intestinal and vaginal flora. Yet, GBS has highly invasive potential and causes excessive inflammation, sepsis, and death at the beginning of life, in the elderly and in diabetic patients. Thus, GBS is a model pathobiont that thrives in the healthy host, but has not lost its potential virulence during coevolution with mankind. It remains incompletely understood how the innate immune system contains GBS in the natural niches, the intestinal and genital tracts, and which molecular events underlie breakdown of mucocutaneous resistance. Newborn infants between days 7 and 90 of life are at risk of a particularly striking sepsis manifestation (late-onset disease), where the transition from colonization to invasion and dissemination, and thus from health to severe sepsis is typically fulminant and not predictable. The great majority of late-onset sepsis cases are caused by one clone, GBS ST17, which expresses HvgA as a signature virulence factor and adhesin. In mice, HvgA promotes the crossing of both the mucosal and the blood–brain barrier. Expression levels of HvgA and other GBS virulence factors, such as pili and toxins, are regulated by the upstream two-component control system CovR/S. This in turn is modulated by acidic epithelial pH, high glucose levels, and during the passage through the mouse intestine. After invasion, GBS has the ability to subvert innate immunity by mechanisms like glycerinaldehyde-3-phosphate-dehydrogenase-dependent induction of IL-10 and β-protein binding to the inhibitory phagocyte receptors sialic acid binding immunoglobulin-like lectin 5 and 14. On the host side, sensing of GBS nucleic acids and lipopeptides by both Toll-like receptors and the inflammasome appears to be critical for host resistance against GBS. Yet, comprehensive models on the interplay between GBS and human immune cells at the colonizing site are just emerging.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sybille Landwehr-Kenzel
- Berlin-Brandenburg Center for Regenerative Therapies, Charité University Medicine Berlin , Berlin , Germany ; Berlin-Brandenburg School for Regenerative Therapies, Charité University Medicine Berlin , Berlin , Germany ; Department of Pediatric Pulmonology and Immunology, Charité University Medicine Berlin , Berlin , Germany
| | - Philipp Henneke
- Center for Pediatrics and Adolescent Medicine, University Medical Center Freiburg , Freiburg , Germany ; Center for Chronic Immunodeficiency, University Medical Center Freiburg , Freiburg , Germany
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