An association between hOGG1 Ser326Cys polymorphism and the risk of bladder cancer in non-smokers: a meta-analysis

Oxidative stress and DNA damage in the mechanism of fetal alcohol spectrum disorders

This review covers molecular mechanisms involving oxidative stress and DNA damage that may contribute to morphological and functional developmental disorders in animal models resulting from exposure to alcohol (ethanol, EtOH) in utero or in embryo culture. Components covered include: (a) a brief overview of EtOH metabolism and embryopathic mechanisms other than oxidative stress; (b) mechanisms within the embryo and fetal brain by which EtOH increases the formation of reactive oxygen species (ROS); (c) critical embryonic/fetal antioxidative enzymes and substrates that detoxify ROS; (d) mechanisms by which ROS can alter development, including ROS-mediated signal transduction and oxidative DNA damage, the latter of which leads to pathogenic genetic (mutations) and epigenetic changes; (e) pathways of DNA repair that mitigate the pathogenic effects of DNA damage; (f) related indirect mechanisms by which EtOH enhances risk, for example by enhancing the degradation of some DNA repair proteins; and, (g) embryonic/fetal pathways like NRF2 that regulate the levels of many of the above components. Particular attention is paid to studies in which chemical and/or genetic manipulation of the above mechanisms has been shown to alter the ability of EtOH to adversely affect development. Alterations in the above components are also discussed in terms of: (a) individual embryonic and fetal determinants of risk and (b) potential risk biomarkers and mitigating strategies. FASD risk is likely increased in progeny which/who are biochemically predisposed via genetic and/or environmental mechanisms, including enhanced pathways for ROS formation and/or deficient pathways for ROS detoxification or DNA repair.

A 3' untranslated region polymorphism rs2304277 in the DNA repair pathway gene OGG1 is a novel risk modulator for urothelial bladder carcinoma

Altered DNA repair capacity may affect an individual's susceptibility to cancers due to compromised genomic integrity. This study was designed to elucidate the association of selected polymorphisms in DNA repair genes with urothelial bladder carcinoma (UBC). OGG1 rs1052133 and rs2304277, XRCC1 rs1799782 and rs25487, XRCC3 rs861539, XPC rs2228001, and XPD rs13181 were genotyped using polymerase chain reaction-restriction fragment length polymorphism (PCR-RFLP) in 200 UBC cases and 200 controls. We found association of OGG1 rs2304277 [odds ratio (OR)_GG = 3.55, 95% confidence interval (CI) = 1.79-7.06] and XPC rs2228001 (OR_AC = 2.38, 95% CI = 1.43-3.94) with UBC. In stratified analysis with respect to smoking status, OGG1 rs2304277 and XPC rs2228001 exhibited increased risk in smokers [(rs2304277 OR_GG = 4.96, 95% CI = 1.51-16.30) (rs2228001 OR_AC = 2.19, 95% CI = 1.02-4.72)] as well as nonsmokers [(rs2304277 OR_GG = 2.95, 95% CI = 1.26-6.90) (rs2228001 OR_AC = 2.57, 95% CI = 1.31-5.04)]. These polymorphisms were also associated with both low-grade [(rs2304277 OR_GG = 3.73, 95% CI = 1.72-8.09) (rs2228001 OR_AC = 2.18, 95% CI = 1.21-3.92)] and high-grade tumors [(rs2304277 OR_GG = 3.45, 95% CI = 1.52-7.80) (rs2228001 OR_AC = 2.81, 95% CI = 1.48-5.33)] as well as with non-muscle-invasive bladder cancer [(rs2304277 OR_GG = 4.03, 95% CI = 1.87-8.67) (rs2228001 OR_AC = 2.14, 95% CI = 1.20-3.81)] and muscle-invasive bladder cancer [(rs2304277 OR_GG = 3.06, 95%CI = 1.31-7.13) (rs2228001 OR_AC = 2.95, 95%CI = 1.51-5.75)]. This is the first study on DNA repair gene polymorphisms and UBC in the Pakistani population. It identifies OGG1 rs2304277 and replicates XPC rs2228001 as significant modulators of UBC susceptibility.

The hOGG1 Ser326Cys gene polymorphism and susceptibility for bladder cancer: a meta-analysis

Objective:

To assess the susceptibility of the hOGG1 genetic polymorphism for bladder cancer and evaluate the impact of smoking exposure.

Materials and Methods:

Articles included in PubMed, Medline and Springer databases were retrieved using the following key words: “human 8-oxoguanine DNA glycosylase”, “OGG”, “OGG1”, “hOGG1”, “genetic variation”, “polymorphism” , “bladder cancer”, and “bladder carcinoma” to Meta-analysis was performed to detect whether there were differences between the bladder cancer group and the control group about the distribution of genotypes of the hOGG1 gene.

Results:

The results showed that there are no significant associations between the hOGG1 326Cys polymorphism and bladder cancer: GG vs. CC (OR: 1.09, 95% CI: 0.85–1.40, p=0.480); GC vs. CC (OR: 1.05, 95% CI: 0.85–1.28, p=0.662); GG+GC vs. CC (OR: 1.04, 95% CI: 0.89–1.21, p=0.619); GG vs. GC+CC(OR: 1.02, 95% CI: 0.78–1.33, p=0.888); G vs. C (OR: 1.01, 95% CI: 0.91–1.13, p=0.818). In the smoker population, no significant associations between the hOGG1 326Cys polymorphism and bladder cancer were observed for all the models. However, individuals carrying the hOGG1 Cys326Cys genotype have increased risk for bladder cancer compared to those carrying the hOGG1 Ser326Ser genotype in the non-smoker Asian population.

Conclusion:

The hOGG1 326Cys polymorphisms aren't a risk factor for bladder cancer, especially in the smoker population. But GG genotype is a risk factor for bladder cancer to the non-smoker Asian population compared with CC genotype.

The Ser326Cys polymorphism of hOGG1 is associated with intrahepatic cholangiocarcinoma susceptibility in a Chinese population

OBJECTIVE

Intrahepatic cholangiocarcinoma is a rare disease whose etiology is far from clear, the Ser326Cys polymorphism in human 8-hydroxyguanine glycosylase (hOGG1) has been shown associated with various cancers, however, the association of Ser326Cys (rsl052133) polymorphism and intrahepatic cholangiocarcinoma susceptibility has not been clarified. The purpose of this study is to investigate whether this polymorphism is related to the genetic susceptibility of intrahepatic cholangiocarcinoma.

METHODS

A total 150 patients and 150 normal people were included in this study, the Ser326Cys polymorphisms in each group were genotyped using PCR-RFLP method.

RESULTS

We found that individuals carrying Cys/Cys genotype were exposed to higher riskof intrahepatic cholangiocarcinoma (OR=2.924, 95% CI=1.475-5.780) compared with the individuals with wild type genotype Ser/Ser. Further analysis revealed that male individuals carrying Cys/Cys genotype also had increased risk (OR=2.762, 95% CI=1.233-6.173), whereas no significant difference was observed in female group.

CONCLUSIONS

Therefore, our data indicates that the Ser326Cys (rs1052133) polymorphism is associated with intrahepatic cholangiocarcinoma susceptibility, and it shows preference in male population.

Single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) of hOGG1 and XRCC1 DNA repair genes and the risk of ovarian cancer in Polish women

The aim of this study was to determine single nucleotide polymorphisms in hOGG1 (Ser326Cys (rs13181)) and XRCC1 (Arg194Trp (rs1799782)) genes, respectively, and to identify the correlation between them and the overall risk, grading and staging of ovarian cancer in Polish women. Our study comprised 720 patients diagnosed with ovarian cancer and 720 healthy controls. The genotype analysis of hOGG1 and XRCC1 polymorphisms was performed using polymerase chain reaction (PCR)-based restriction fragment length polymorphism (PCR-RFLP). Odds ratios (OR) and 95 % confidence intervals (CI) for each genotype and allele were calculated. Results revealed an association between hOGG1 Ser326Cys polymorphism and the incidence of ovarian cancer. Variant Cys allele of hOGG1 increased the overall cancer risk (OR 2.89; 95 % CI 2.47-3.38; p < .0001). Moreover, ovarian cancer grading remained in a relationship with both analysed polymorphisms; G1 tumours presented increased frequencies of hOGG1 Cys/Cys homozygotes (OR 18.33; 95 % CI 9.38-35.81; p < .0001) and XRCC1 Trp/Trp homozygotes (OR 20.50; 95 % CI 10.17-41.32; p < .0001). Furthermore, G1 ovarian cancers displayed an overrepresentation of Cys and Trp allele. In conclusion, hOGG1 Ser326Cys and XRCC1 Arg194Trp polymorphisms may be regarded as risk factors of ovarian cancer.

Polymorphism of DNA repair genes OGG1, XRCC1, XPD and ERCC6 in bladder cancer in Belarus

CONTEXT

The study of DNA base and nucleotide excision repair gene polymorphisms in bladder cancer seems to have a predictive value because of the evident relationship between the DNA damage response induced by environmental mutagens and cancer predisposition.

OBJECTIVE

The objective was to determine OGG1 Ser326Cys, XRCC1 Arg399Gln, XPD Asp312Asn, and ERCC6 Met1097Val polymorphisms in bladder cancer patients as compared to controls.

METHODS

Both groups were predominantly represented by Belarusians and Eastern Slavs. DNA samples from 336 patients and 370 controls were genotyped using a PCR-RFLP method.

RESULTS

The genotype distributions were in agreement with the Hardy-Weinberg equilibrium. The minor allele frequencies in the control population were in the range of those in Caucasians in contrast to Asians. The OGG1 326 Ser/Cys and XPD 312 Asp/Asn heterozygous genotypes were inversely associated with cancer risk (OR [95% CI] = 0.69 [0.50-0.95] and 1.35 [1.0-1.82], respectively). The contrasting effects of these genotypes were potentiated due to their interactions with smoking habit or age.

CONCLUSIONS

Among four DNA repair gene polymorphisms, the OGG1 326 Ser/Cys and XPD 312 Asp/Asn heterozygous genotypes might be recognized as potential genetic markers modifying susceptibility to bladder cancer in Belarus.