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Moawadh MS, Mir R, Tayeb FJ, Asim O, Ullah MF. Molecular Evaluation of the Impact of Polymorphic Variants in Apoptotic ( Bcl-2/Bax) and Proinflammatory Cytokine ( TNF-α/IL-8) Genes on the Susceptibility and Progression of Myeloproliferative Neoplasms: A Case-Control Biomarker Study. Curr Issues Mol Biol 2023; 45:3933-3952. [PMID: 37232720 DOI: 10.3390/cimb45050251] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/23/2023] [Revised: 04/18/2023] [Accepted: 04/20/2023] [Indexed: 05/27/2023] Open
Abstract
The regulation of apoptosis (the programmed cell death) is dependent on the crucial involvement of BCL2 and BAX. The Bax-248G>A and Bcl-2-938 C>A polymorphic variations in the promoter sequences of the Bax and Bcl-2 gene have been recently associated with low Bax expression, progression to advanced stages, treatment resistance, and shortened overall survival rate in some hematological malignancies, including chronic myeloid leukemia (CML) and other myeloproliferative neoplasms. Chronic inflammation has been linked to various stages of carcinogenesis wherein pro-inflammatory cytokines play diverse roles in influencing cancer microenvironment leading to cell invasion and cancer progression. Cytokines such as TNF-α and IL-8 have been implicated in cancer growth in both solid and hematological malignancies with studies showing their elevated levels in patients. Genomic approaches have in recent years provided significant knowledge with the regard to the association of certain SNPs (single nucleotide polymerphisms) either in a gene or its promoter that can influence its expression, with the risk and susceptibility to human diseases including cancer. This study has investigated the consequences of promoter SNPs in apoptosis genes Bax-248G>A (rs4645878)/Bcl-2-938C>A (rs2279115) and pro-inflammatory cytokines TNF-α rs1800629 G>A/IL-8 rs4073 T>A on the risk and susceptibility towards hematological cancers. The study design has 235 individuals both male and female enrolled as subjects that had 113 cases of MPDs (myeloproliferative disorders) and 122 healthy individuals as controls. The genotyping studies were conducted through ARMS PCR (amplification-refractory mutation system PCR). The Bcl-2-938 C>A polymorphism showed up in 22% of patients in the study, while it was observed in only 10% of normal controls. This difference in genotype and allele frequency between the two groups was significant (p = 0.025). Similarly, the Bax-248G>A polymorphism was detected in 6.48% of the patients and 4.54% of the normal controls, with a significant difference in genotype and allele frequency between the groups (p = 0.048). The results suggest that the Bcl-2-938 C>A variant is linked to an elevated risk of MPDs in the codominant, dominant, and recessive inheritance models. Moreover, the study indicated allele A as risk allele which can significantly increase the risk of MPDs unlike the C allele. In case of Bax gene covariants, these were associated with an increased risk of MPDs in the codominant inheritance model and dominant inheritance model. It was found that the allele A significantly enhanced the risk of MPDs unlike the G allele. The frequencies of IL-8 rs4073 T>A in patients was found to be TT (16.39%), AT (36.88%) and AA (46.72%), compared to controls who were more likely to have frequencies of TT (39.34%), AT (37.70%) and AA (22.95%) as such, respectively. There was a notable overrepresentation of the AA genotype and GG homozygotes among patients compared to controls in TNF-α polymorphic variants, with 6.55% of patients having the AA genotype and 84% of patients being GG homozygotes, compared to 1.63% and 69%, respectively in controls. The data from the current study provide partial but important evidence that polymorphisms in apoptotic genes Bcl-2-938C>A and Bax-248G>A and pro-inflammatory cytokines IL-8 rs4073 T>A and TNF-α G>A may help predict the clinical outcomes of patients and determine the significance of such polymorphic variations in the risk of myeloproliferative diseases and their role as prognostic markers in disease management using a case-control study approach.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mamdoh S Moawadh
- Department of Medical Laboratory Technology (FAMS), University of Tabuk, Tabuk 71491, Saudi Arabia
| | - Rashid Mir
- Department of Medical Laboratory Technology (FAMS), University of Tabuk, Tabuk 71491, Saudi Arabia
- Division of Molecular Biology, Prince Fahd Chair for Biomedical Research, University of Tabuk, Tabuk 71491, Saudi Arabia
| | - Faris J Tayeb
- Department of Medical Laboratory Technology (FAMS), University of Tabuk, Tabuk 71491, Saudi Arabia
- Community College, University of Tabuk, Tabuk 71491, Saudi Arabia
| | - Orooba Asim
- Division of Molecular Biology, Prince Fahd Chair for Biomedical Research, University of Tabuk, Tabuk 71491, Saudi Arabia
| | - Mohammad Fahad Ullah
- Department of Medical Laboratory Technology (FAMS), University of Tabuk, Tabuk 71491, Saudi Arabia
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Maamari D, El-Khoury H, Saifi O, Muwakkit SA, Zgheib NK. Implementation of Pharmacogenetics to Individualize Treatment Regimens for Children with Acute Lymphoblastic Leukemia. Pharmgenomics Pers Med 2020; 13:295-317. [PMID: 32848445 PMCID: PMC7429230 DOI: 10.2147/pgpm.s239602] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/29/2020] [Accepted: 07/20/2020] [Indexed: 12/28/2022] Open
Abstract
Despite major advances in the management and high cure rates of childhood acute lymphoblastic leukemia (ALL), patients still suffer from many drug-induced toxicities, sometimes necessitating dose reduction, or halting of cytotoxic drugs with a secondary risk of disease relapse. In addition, investigators have noted significant inter-individual variability in drug toxicities and disease outcomes, hence the role of pharmacogenetics (PGx) in elucidating genetic polymorphisms in candidate genes for the optimization of disease management. In this review, we present the PGx data in association with main toxicities seen in children treated for ALL in addition to efficacy, with a focus on the most plausible germline PGx variants. We then follow with a summary of the highest evidence drug-gene annotations with suggestions to move forward in implementing preemptive PGx for the individualization of treatment regimens for children with ALL.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dimitri Maamari
- Faculty of Medicine, American University of Beirut, Beirut, Lebanon
| | - Habib El-Khoury
- Faculty of Medicine, American University of Beirut, Beirut, Lebanon
| | - Omran Saifi
- Faculty of Medicine, American University of Beirut, Beirut, Lebanon
| | - Samar A Muwakkit
- Department of Pediatrics and Adolescent Medicine, American University of Beirut Medical Center, Beirut, Lebanon
| | - Nathalie K Zgheib
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, American University of Beirut, Faculty of Medicine, Beirut, Lebanon
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Yao Z, Yang B, Liu Z, Li W, He Q, Peng X. Genetic polymorphisms of Bcl-2 promoter in cancer susceptibility and prognosis: a meta-analysis. Oncotarget 2018; 8:25270-25278. [PMID: 28445963 PMCID: PMC5421928 DOI: 10.18632/oncotarget.15751] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/12/2016] [Accepted: 01/29/2017] [Indexed: 11/25/2022] Open
Abstract
Bcl-2 is critical for tumorigenesis. However, previous studies on the association of Bcl-2 promoter polymorphisms with predisposition to different cancer types are somewhat contradictory. Therefore, we performed this meta-analysis regarding the relationship between Bcl-2 promoter single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) and cancer susceptibility and prognosis. Up to August 2016, 32 original publications were identified covering two Bcl-2 promoter SNPs (rs2279115 and rs1801018). Our results showed statistically significant association between rs2279115 and cancer susceptibility and prognosis in all four genetic models but not in rs1801018. Subgroups analysis indicated that rs2279115 was associated with a significantly higher risk of cancer susceptibility in Asia but not in Caucasian. Furthermore, rs2279115 was associated with a significantly higher risk in digestive system cancer and endocrine system cancer but not in breast cancer, respiratory cancer and hematopoietic cancer. Simultaneously, rs2279115 was correlated with a significantly higher risk of cancer prognosis in Asia but not in Caucasian. Considering these promising results, rs2279115 may be a tumor marker for cancertherapy in Asia. Sensitivity analysis show four gene model were stable, and no publication bias was observed in all four gene model. Large sample size, different ethnic population and different cancer type are warranted to validate this association.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhongqiang Yao
- Department of Medical Oncology, 3201 Affiliated Hospital of Medical College of Xi'an Jiaotong University, Hanzhong, 723000, Shanxi Province, P. R. China
| | - Binhui Yang
- Department of Medical Oncology, 3201 Affiliated Hospital of Medical College of Xi'an Jiaotong University, Hanzhong, 723000, Shanxi Province, P. R. China
| | - Zhongqiu Liu
- Department of Medical Oncology, 3201 Affiliated Hospital of Medical College of Xi'an Jiaotong University, Hanzhong, 723000, Shanxi Province, P. R. China
| | - Wei Li
- Department of Medical Oncology, 3201 Affiliated Hospital of Medical College of Xi'an Jiaotong University, Hanzhong, 723000, Shanxi Province, P. R. China
| | - Qihua He
- Department of Medical Oncology, 3201 Affiliated Hospital of Medical College of Xi'an Jiaotong University, Hanzhong, 723000, Shanxi Province, P. R. China
| | - Xingchun Peng
- Department of Centre of Oncology, Renmin Hospital, Hubei University of Medicine, Shiyan, 442000, Hubei Province, P. R. China
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Stelmach P, Wedemeyer C, Fuest L, Kurscheid G, Gehrke T, Klenke S, Jäger M, Kauther MD, Bachmann HS. The BCL2 -938C>A Promoter Polymorphism Is Associated with Risk for and Time to Aseptic Loosening of Total Hip Arthroplasty. PLoS One 2016; 11:e0149528. [PMID: 26881923 PMCID: PMC4755546 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0149528] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/09/2015] [Accepted: 02/02/2016] [Indexed: 01/15/2023] Open
Abstract
Aseptic loosening is a major cause of revision surgery of total hip arthroplasty (THA). Only few host factors affecting aseptic loosening have been identified until now, although they are urgently needed to identify and possibly treat those patients at higher risk for aseptic loosening. To determine whether the functional single nucleotide polymorphism (SNP) c.-938C>A (rs2279115), located in the promoter region of the BCL2 gene has an impact on aseptic loosening of THA we genotyped and analyzed 234 patients suffering from aseptic loosening and 231 patients after primary THA. The polymorphism is associated with risk for aseptic loosening with the CC genotype at highest risk for aseptic loosening, Odds Ratio CC vs. AA 1.93, 95%CI 1.15-3.25, p = 0.013. In contrast, low risk AA genotype carriers that still developed aseptic loosening showed a significantly shorter time to aseptic loosening than patients carrying the C allele (p = 0.004). These results indicate that the BCL2 -938C>A polymorphism influences the occurrence and course of aseptic loosening and suggests this polymorphism as an interesting candidate for prospective studies and analyses in THA registers.
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Affiliation(s)
- Patrick Stelmach
- Institute of Pharmacogenetics, University Hospital Essen, Essen, Germany
| | - Christian Wedemeyer
- Department of Orthopaedics and Trauma Surgery, University Hospital Essen, Essen, Germany
| | - Lena Fuest
- Institute of Pharmacogenetics, University Hospital Essen, Essen, Germany
- Department of Orthopaedics and Trauma Surgery, University Hospital Essen, Essen, Germany
| | - Gina Kurscheid
- Institute of Pharmacogenetics, University Hospital Essen, Essen, Germany
- Department of Orthopaedics and Trauma Surgery, University Hospital Essen, Essen, Germany
| | - Thorsten Gehrke
- Department of Joint Surgery, Helios ENDO-Klinik, Hamburg, Germany
| | - Stefanie Klenke
- Institute of Pharmacogenetics, University Hospital Essen, Essen, Germany
- Department of Anaesthesiology and Intensive Care, University Hospital Essen, Essen, Germany
| | - Marcus Jäger
- Department of Orthopaedics and Trauma Surgery, University Hospital Essen, Essen, Germany
| | - Max D. Kauther
- Department of Orthopaedics and Trauma Surgery, University Hospital Essen, Essen, Germany
| | - Hagen S. Bachmann
- Institute of Pharmacogenetics, University Hospital Essen, Essen, Germany
- * E-mail:
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Jackson RK, Irving JAE, Veal GJ. Personalization of dexamethasone therapy in childhood acute lymphoblastic leukaemia. Br J Haematol 2016; 173:13-24. [DOI: 10.1111/bjh.13924] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/31/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Rosanna K. Jackson
- Northern Institute for Cancer Research; Newcastle University; Newcastle upon Tyne UK
| | - Julie A. E. Irving
- Northern Institute for Cancer Research; Newcastle University; Newcastle upon Tyne UK
| | - Gareth J. Veal
- Northern Institute for Cancer Research; Newcastle University; Newcastle upon Tyne UK
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Polymorphisms of BCL2 and BAX Genes Associate with Outcomes in Advanced Non-small cell lung cancer Patients treated with platinum-based Chemotherapy. Sci Rep 2015; 5:17766. [PMID: 26656462 PMCID: PMC4674711 DOI: 10.1038/srep17766] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/09/2015] [Accepted: 11/05/2015] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Single-nucleotide polymorphisms (SNP) of the gene belonging to the BCL2 family are thought to play a role in chemotherapy resistance. This study investigated the association of BCL2-938C>A(rs2279115) and BAX-248G>A(rs4645878) promoter region SNPs and the clinical responses and outcomes of 235 non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC) patients treated with platinum-based chemotherapy. The data suggested that BAX-248GA and GA+AA genotype was associated with poor response [odds ratio (OR) 1.943, p = 0.039; OR 1.867, p = 0.038, respectively] to chemotherapy, and BCL2-938CA, CA+AA and BAX-248GA, AA and GA+AA were associated with poor progression-free survival (PFS) [hazard ratio (HR) 1.514, p = 0.004; HR 1.456, p = 0.009; HR 1.449, p = 0.013; HR 2.006, p = 0.010; HR 1.506, p = 0.003, respectively] and BCL2-938CA, AA and CA+AA and BAX-248GA, AA and GA+AA were associated with poor overall survival (OS) (HR 2.006, p < 0.001; HR 2.322, p < 0.001; HR 2.096, p < 0.001; HR 1.632, p = 0.001; HR 2.014, p = 0.010; HR 1.506, p < 0.001, respectively). Furthermore, combination of these two polymorphisms showed patients with 2–4 variant alleles of these two genes associated with poor PFS and OS (HR 1.637, p = 0.001; HR 2.365, p < 0.001). The data from the current study provide evidence that BCL2-938C>A and BAX-248G>A polymorphisms may be useful in predicting clinical outcomes of patients with advanced inoperable NSCLC to platinum-based chemotherapy.
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Zhang X, Weng W, Xu W, Wang Y, Yu W, Tang X, Ma L, Pan Q, Wang J, Sun F. Role of Bcl-2 -938 C>A polymorphism in susceptibility and prognosis of cancer: a meta-analysis. Sci Rep 2014; 4:7241. [PMID: 25430556 PMCID: PMC5384243 DOI: 10.1038/srep07241] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/19/2014] [Accepted: 11/10/2014] [Indexed: 11/10/2022] Open
Abstract
The association between B-cell lymphoma 2 (Bcl-2) polymorphism and cancer is under debate and remains elusive. This meta-analysis was performed to evaluate the relationships of Bcl-2 -938 C>A polymorphism (rs2279115) with susceptibility and prognosis of cancer. Odds ratios (ORs) were used to measure the association between Bcl-2 polymorphisms and cancer risk. Hazard ratios (HRs) were used to measure the association between Bcl-2 polymorphisms and cancer prognosis. On the basis of 26 studies about Bcl-2 -938C>A polymorphism and cancer, we found Bcl-2 -938 C>A polymorphism was significantly associated with increased cancer risk in dominant model (OR = 1.12, 95%CI: 1.00-1.25, P = 0.04), recessive model (OR = 1.38, 95%CI: 1.11-1.71, P = 0.004), allelic model (OR = 1.15, 95%CI: 1.04-1.28, P = 0.007) and homozygote comparison(OR = 1.44, 95%CI: 1.11-1.87, P = 0.006). Furthermore, Bcl-2 -938 C>A polymorphism was significantly associated with increased cancer risk in Asians but not in Caucasians. Moreover, Bcl-2 -938 C>A polymorphism was not significantly associated with the prognosis of cancer (AA vs CA: OR = 0.99, 95%CI: 0.77-1.27, P = 0.93; AA vs CC: OR = 0.92, 95%CI: 0.65-1.30, P = 0.63; AC vs CC: OR = 0.94, 95%CI: 0.80-1.11, P = 0.48; CC vs AA+CA: OR = 1.21, 95%CI: 0.69-2.13, P = 0.50; AA vs CC+CA: OR = 0.99, 95%CI: 0.48-2.04, P = 0.97). Studies with larger samples and gene-environment interactions are needed to validate our findings.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiao Zhang
- Department of Clinical laboratory medicine, Shanghai Tenth People's Hospital of Tongji University, Shanghai, China, 200072
| | - Wenhao Weng
- Department of Clinical laboratory medicine, Shanghai Tenth People's Hospital of Tongji University, Shanghai, China, 200072
| | - Wen Xu
- Department of Clinical laboratory medicine, Zhongshan Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai, China, 200032
| | - Yulan Wang
- Department of Clinical laboratory medicine, Shanghai Tenth People's Hospital of Tongji University, Shanghai, China, 200072
| | - Wenjun Yu
- Department of Clinical laboratory medicine, Shanghai Tenth People's Hospital of Tongji University, Shanghai, China, 200072
| | - Xun Tang
- Department of Clinical laboratory medicine, Shanghai Tenth People's Hospital of Tongji University, Shanghai, China, 200072
| | - Lifang Ma
- Department of Clinical laboratory medicine, Shanghai Tenth People's Hospital of Tongji University, Shanghai, China, 200072
| | - Qiuhui Pan
- Department of Central Laboratory, Shanghai Tenth People's Hospital of Tongji University, Shanghai, China, 200072
| | - Jiayi Wang
- Department of Clinical laboratory medicine, Shanghai Tenth People's Hospital of Tongji University, Shanghai, China, 200072
| | - Fenyong Sun
- Department of Clinical laboratory medicine, Shanghai Tenth People's Hospital of Tongji University, Shanghai, China, 200072
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Dulucq S, Laverdière C, Sinnett D, Krajinovic M. Pharmacogenetic considerations for acute lymphoblastic leukemia therapies. Expert Opin Drug Metab Toxicol 2014; 10:699-719. [PMID: 24673379 DOI: 10.1517/17425255.2014.893294] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/05/2022]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Advances in our understanding of the pathobiology of childhood acute lymphoblastic leukemia (ALL) have led to risk-targeted treatment regimens and remarkable improvement in survival rates. Still, up to 20% of patients experience treatment failure due to drug resistance. Treatment-related toxicities are often life-threatening and are the primary cause of treatment interruption, while ALL survivors may develop complications due to exposure to chemotherapy and/or irradiation during a vulnerable period of development. Different factors may contribute to variable treatment outcomes including patient genetics that has been shown to play important role. AREAS COVERED This review summarizes candidate gene and genome-wide association studies that identified common polymorphisms underlying variability in treatment responses including a few studies addressing late effects of the treatment. Genetic variants influencing antileukemic drug effects or leukemic cell biology have been identified, including for example variants in folate-dependent enzymes, influx and efflux transporters, metabolizing enzymes, drug receptor or apoptotic proteins. EXPERT OPINION Many pharmacogenetic studies have been conducted in ALL and a variety of potential markers have been identified. Yet more comprehensive insight into genome variations influencing drug responses is needed. Whole exome/genome sequencing, careful study design, mechanistic explanation of association found and collaborative studies will ultimately lead to personalized treatment and improved therapeutic and health outcomes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Stéphanie Dulucq
- University Health Center Bordeaux, Heamatology Laboratory , Bordeaux , France
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