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Patuleia SIS, Suijkerbuijk KPM, van der Wall E, van Diest PJ, Moelans CB. Nipple Aspirate Fluid at a Glance. Cancers (Basel) 2021; 14:cancers14010159. [PMID: 35008326 PMCID: PMC8750428 DOI: 10.3390/cancers14010159] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/29/2021] [Revised: 12/20/2021] [Accepted: 12/26/2021] [Indexed: 11/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Simple Summary Nipple aspirate fluid (NAF) is a promising source of markers for detection of breast cancer. NAF can be acquired via the nipple by aspiration using a suction device, which is well tolerated by women. Future possible applications of biomarkers for breast cancer derived from NAF could be (1) as a detection tool to identify the initiation of the cancer development process, (2) as an additional tool next to imaging (mammography and breast magnetic resonance imaging) or (3) as a replacement tool for when imaging is not advisable for women, such as during pregnancy and breastfeeding. With this paper, we present a narrative review and perspectives of NAF research at a glance. Abstract Nipple aspirate fluid (NAF) is an intraductal mammary fluid that, because of its close proximity to and origin from the tissue from which breast cancer originates, is a promising source of biomarkers for early breast cancer detection. NAF can be non-invasively acquired via the nipple by aspiration using a suction device; using oxytocin nasal spray helps increase yield and tolerability. The aspiration procedure is generally experienced as more tolerable than the currently used breast imaging techniques mammography and breast magnetic resonance imaging. Future applications of NAF-derived biomarkers include their use as a tool in the detection of breast carcinogenesis at its earliest stage (before a tumor mass can be seen by imaging), or as a supporting diagnostic tool for imaging, such as when imaging is less reliable (to rule out false positives from imaging) or when imaging is not advisable (such as during pregnancy and breastfeeding). Ongoing clinical studies using NAF samples will likely shed light on NAF’s content and clinical potential. Here, we present a narrative review and perspectives of NAF research at a glance.
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Affiliation(s)
- Susana I. S. Patuleia
- Department of Pathology, University Medical Center Utrecht, Utrecht University, 3508 GA Utrecht, The Netherlands; (S.I.S.P.); (P.J.v.D.)
- Department of Medical Oncology, University Medical Center Utrecht, Utrecht University, 3508 GA Utrecht, The Netherlands; (K.P.M.S.); (E.v.d.W.)
| | - Karijn P. M. Suijkerbuijk
- Department of Medical Oncology, University Medical Center Utrecht, Utrecht University, 3508 GA Utrecht, The Netherlands; (K.P.M.S.); (E.v.d.W.)
| | - Elsken van der Wall
- Department of Medical Oncology, University Medical Center Utrecht, Utrecht University, 3508 GA Utrecht, The Netherlands; (K.P.M.S.); (E.v.d.W.)
| | - Paul J. van Diest
- Department of Pathology, University Medical Center Utrecht, Utrecht University, 3508 GA Utrecht, The Netherlands; (S.I.S.P.); (P.J.v.D.)
| | - Cathy B. Moelans
- Department of Pathology, University Medical Center Utrecht, Utrecht University, 3508 GA Utrecht, The Netherlands; (S.I.S.P.); (P.J.v.D.)
- Correspondence:
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Atashbar S, Jamali Z, Khezri S, Salimi A. Celecoxib decreases mitochondrial complex IV activity and induces oxidative stress in isolated rat heart mitochondria: An analysis for its cardiotoxic adverse effect. J Biochem Mol Toxicol 2021; 36:e22934. [PMID: 34668290 DOI: 10.1002/jbt.22934] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/16/2021] [Revised: 09/07/2021] [Accepted: 10/06/2021] [Indexed: 12/29/2022]
Abstract
In spite of the cardiotoxic effect of selective cyclooxygenase-2 inhibitors, they are most widely used as anti-inflammatory and analgesic drugs. Today, valdecoxib and rofecoxib have been withdrawn in the market but celecoxib remains. In this study, we focused on an analysis of celecoxib toxic effects on isolated mitochondria. Isolated rat heart mitochondria were obtained using differential centrifugation. Using flow cytometry and biochemical assays, we searched succinate dehydrogenases, mitochondrial membrane potential (MMP), reactive oxygen species (ROS) formation, mitochondrial swelling, ATP/ADP ratio, lipid peroxidation, and mitochondrial complexes activity in rat heart isolated mitochondria. Herein, our results indicated a significant decrease in the activity of complex IV after exposure with celecoxib (16 µg/ml). This decrease in the activity of complex IV is paralleled by the MMP collapse, ROS formation, mitochondrial swelling, depletion of ATP, and lipid peroxidation. For the first time, this introductory study has shown a significant decrease in the activity of complex IV and mitochondrial dysfunction after exposure with celecoxib in rat heart isolated mitochondria.
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Affiliation(s)
- Saman Atashbar
- Students Research Committee, Faculty of Pharmacy, Ardabil University of Medical Sciences, Ardabil, Iran
| | - Zhaleh Jamali
- Student Research Committee, School of Medicine, Shahroud University of Medical Sciences, Shahroud, Iran
| | - Saleh Khezri
- Students Research Committee, Faculty of Pharmacy, Ardabil University of Medical Sciences, Ardabil, Iran
| | - Ahmad Salimi
- Traditional Medicine and Hydrotherapy Research Center, Ardabil University of Medical Sciences, Ardabil, Iran.,Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Ardabil University of Medical Sciences, Ardabil, Iran
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Sakane KK, Monteiro CJ, Silva W, Silva AR, Santos PM, Lima KF, Moraes KCM. Cellular and molecular studies of the effects of a selective COX-2 inhibitor celecoxib in the cardiac cell line H9c2 and their correlation with death mechanisms. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2013; 47:50-9. [PMID: 24519091 PMCID: PMC3932973 DOI: 10.1590/1414-431x20133028] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/14/2013] [Accepted: 08/26/2013] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
Abstract
Cardiovascular disease is one of the leading causes of death worldwide, and evidence
indicates a correlation between the inflammatory process and cardiac dysfunction.
Selective inhibitors of cyclooxygenase-2 (COX-2) enzyme are not recommended for
long-term use because of potentially severe side effects to the heart. Considering
this and the frequent prescribing of commercial celecoxib, the present study analyzed
cellular and molecular effects of 1 and 10 µM celecoxib in a cell culture model.
After a 24-h incubation, celecoxib reduced cell viability in a dose-dependent manner
as also demonstrated in MTT assays. Furthermore, reverse transcription-polymerase
chain reaction analysis showed that the drug modulated the expression level of genes
related to death pathways, and Western blot analyses demonstrated a modulatory effect
of the drug on COX-2 protein levels in cardiac cells. In addition, the results
demonstrated a downregulation of prostaglandin E2 production by the cardiac cells
incubated with celecoxib, in a dose-specific manner. These results are consistent
with the decrease in cell viability and the presence of necrotic processes shown by
Fourier transform infrared analysis, suggesting a direct correlation of prostanoids
in cellular homeostasis and survival.
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Affiliation(s)
- K K Sakane
- Universidade do Vale do Paraíba, Instituto de Pesquisa e Desenvolvimento, São José dos CamposSP, Brasil, Instituto de Pesquisa e Desenvolvimento, Universidade do Vale do Paraíba, São José dos Campos, SP, Brasil
| | - C J Monteiro
- Universidade Federal de Ouro Preto, Núcleo de Pesquisa em Ciências Biológicas, Ouro PretoMG, Brasil, Núcleo de Pesquisa em Ciências Biológicas, Universidade Federal de Ouro Preto, Ouro Preto, MG, Brasil
| | - W Silva
- Universidade Federal de Ouro Preto, Núcleo de Pesquisa em Ciências Biológicas, Ouro PretoMG, Brasil, Núcleo de Pesquisa em Ciências Biológicas, Universidade Federal de Ouro Preto, Ouro Preto, MG, Brasil
| | - A R Silva
- Universidade Federal de Ouro Preto, Núcleo de Pesquisa em Ciências Biológicas, Ouro PretoMG, Brasil, Núcleo de Pesquisa em Ciências Biológicas, Universidade Federal de Ouro Preto, Ouro Preto, MG, Brasil
| | - P M Santos
- Universidade do Vale do Paraíba, Instituto de Pesquisa e Desenvolvimento, São José dos CamposSP, Brasil, Instituto de Pesquisa e Desenvolvimento, Universidade do Vale do Paraíba, São José dos Campos, SP, Brasil
| | - K F Lima
- Universidade Federal de Ouro Preto, Núcleo de Pesquisa em Ciências Biológicas, Ouro PretoMG, Brasil, Núcleo de Pesquisa em Ciências Biológicas, Universidade Federal de Ouro Preto, Ouro Preto, MG, Brasil
| | - K C M Moraes
- Universidade Estadual Paulista "Júlio de Mesquita Filho", Departamento de Biologia, Instituto de Biociências, Rio ClaroSP, Brasil, Instituto de Biociências, Departamento de Biologia, Universidade Estadual Paulista ''Júlio de Mesquita Filho'', Rio Claro, SP, Brasil
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Mannello F, Medda V, Tonti GA. Protein profile ana lysis of the breast microenvironment to differentiate healthy women from breast cancer patients. Expert Rev Proteomics 2009; 6:43-60. [DOI: 10.1586/14789450.6.1.43] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 08/30/2023]
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