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Hudgins SN, Curtin A, Tracy J, Ayaz H. Impaired Cortico-Thalamo-Cerebellar Integration Across Schizophrenia, Bipolar II, and Attention Deficit Hyperactivity Disorder Patients Suggests Potential Neural Signatures for Psychiatric Illness. RESEARCH SQUARE 2024:rs.3.rs-4145883. [PMID: 38586053 PMCID: PMC10996788 DOI: 10.21203/rs.3.rs-4145883/v1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 04/09/2024]
Abstract
Understanding aberrant functional changes between brain regions has shown promise for characterizing and differentiating the symptoms associated with progressive psychiatric disorders. The functional integration between the thalamus and cerebellum significantly influences learning and memory in cognition. Observed in schizophrenic patients, dysfunction within the corticalthalamocerebellar (CTC) circuitry is linked to challenges in prioritizing, processing, coordinating, and responding to information. This study explored whether abnormal CTC functional network connectivity patterns are present across schizophrenia (SCHZ) patients, bipolar II disorder (BIPOL) patients, and ADHD patients by examining both task- and task-free conditions compared to healthy volunteers (HC). Leveraging fMRI data from 135 participants (39 HC, 27 SCHZ patients, 38 BIPOL patients, and 31 ADHD patients), we analyzed functional network connectivity (FNC) patterns across 115 cortical, thalamic, subcortical, and cerebellar regions of interest (ROIs). Guiding our investigation: First, do the brain regions of the CTC circuit exhibit distinct abnormal patterns at rest in SCHZ, ADHD, and BIPOL? Second, do working memory tasks in these patients engage common regions of the circuit in similar or unique patterns? Consistent with previous findings, our observations revealed FNC patterns constrained in the cerebellar, thalamic, striatal, hippocampal, medial prefrontal and insular cortices across all three psychiatric cohorts when compared to controls in both task and task-free conditions. Post hoc analysis suggested a predominance in schizophrenia and ADHD patients during rest, while the task condition demonstrated effects across all three disorders. Factor-by-covariance GLM MANOVA further specified regions associated with clinical symptoms and trait assessments. Our study provides evidence suggesting that dysfunctional CTC circuitry in both task-free and task-free conditions may be an important broader neural signature of psychiatric illness.
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Samson GD, Lahti AC, Kraguljac NV. The neural substrates of neurological soft signs in schizophrenia: a systematic review. SCHIZOPHRENIA (HEIDELBERG, GERMANY) 2022; 8:42. [PMID: 35853869 PMCID: PMC9261110 DOI: 10.1038/s41537-022-00245-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/18/2021] [Accepted: 03/11/2022] [Indexed: 06/01/2023]
Abstract
Neurological soft signs (NSS) are common in patients with schizophrenia. However, the neural substrates of NSS remain poorly understood. Using legacy PubMed, we performed a systematic review and included studies that assessed NSS and obtained neuroimaging data in patients with a schizophrenia spectrum disorder published up to June 2020. We systematically reviewed 35 relevant articles. Studies consistently implicate the basal ganglia and cerebellum as structural substrates of NSS and suggest that somatomotor and somatosensory regions as well as areas involved in visual processing and spatial orientation may underlie NSS in psychosis spectrum disorders. Additionally, dysfunction of frontoparietal and cerebellar networks has been implicated in the pathophysiology of NSS. The current literature outlines several structural and functional brain signatures that are relevant for NSS in schizophrenia spectrum disorder. The majority of studies assessed gray matter structure, but only a few studies leveraged other imaging methods such as diffusion weighted imaging, or molecular imaging. Due to this, it remains unclear if white matter integrity deficits or neurometabolic alterations contribute to NSS in the illness. While a substantial portion of the literature has been conducted in patients in the early illness stages, mitigating confounds of illness chronicity, few studies have been conducted in antipsychotic medication-naïve patients, which is a clear limitation. Furthermore, only little is known about the temporal evolution of NSS and associated brain signatures. Future studies addressing these pivotal gaps in our mechanistic understanding of NSS will be important.
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Affiliation(s)
- Genelle D Samson
- Department of Psychology, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, AL, USA
| | - Adrienne C Lahti
- Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Neurobiology, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, AL, USA
| | - Nina V Kraguljac
- Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Neurobiology, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, AL, USA.
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3
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Zhou HY, Shi LJ, Shen YM, Fang YM, He YQ, Li HB, Luo XR, Cheung EFC, Chan RCK. Altered topographical organization of grey matter structural network in early-onset schizophrenia. Psychiatry Res Neuroimaging 2021; 316:111344. [PMID: 34358964 DOI: 10.1016/j.pscychresns.2021.111344] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/20/2019] [Revised: 05/18/2021] [Accepted: 06/10/2021] [Indexed: 01/21/2023]
Abstract
Schizophrenia is characterized by both disrupted neurodevelopmental processes and abnormal brain connectivity. However, few studies have examined the atypical features of brain network topography associated with schizophrenia during childhood and adolescence. We used graph theory to compare the grey matter structural networks of individuals (aged 10-15 years) with early-onset schizophrenia (EOS) (n = 25) and a typically-developing (TD) comparison group (n = 31). Compared with the TD group, EOS patients showed significantly increased clustering and local efficiency across a range of network densities (0.3 - 0.4). The network of EOS patients also had more modules (6 modules in EOS vs. 3 modules in controls), indicating a more segregated network at the cost of functional integration. Although our results were preliminary and failed to survive corrections for multiple comparisons, EOS patients might be characterized by altered nodal centrality in several higher-order associative regions including the prefrontal cortex, the hippocampus and the cerebellum. The EOS structural network also lacked the typical left-hemispheric-dominant hub distribution compared with the TD group. These findings suggest that brain structural network was not only globally but also regionally altered in EOS patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Han-Yu Zhou
- Neuropsychology and Applied Cognitive Neuroscience Laboratory, CAS Key Laboratory of Mental Health, Institute of Psychology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China; Department of Psychology, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Li-Juan Shi
- Neuropsychology and Applied Cognitive Neuroscience Laboratory, CAS Key Laboratory of Mental Health, Institute of Psychology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China; School of Education, Hunan University of Science and Technology, Xiangtan, Hunan, China
| | - Yan-Mei Shen
- Mental Health Institute, the Second Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan, China
| | - Yu-Min Fang
- Mental Health Institute, the Second Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan, China
| | - Yu-Qiong He
- Mental Health Institute, the Second Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan, China
| | - Hua-Bing Li
- Medical Imaging Department, the Second Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan, China
| | - Xue-Rong Luo
- Mental Health Institute, the Second Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan, China
| | - Eric F C Cheung
- Castle Peak Hospital, Hong Kong Special Administrative Region, China
| | - Raymond C K Chan
- Neuropsychology and Applied Cognitive Neuroscience Laboratory, CAS Key Laboratory of Mental Health, Institute of Psychology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China; Department of Psychology, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China.
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Multimodal classification of drug-naïve first-episode schizophrenia combining anatomical, diffusion and resting state functional resonance imaging. Neurosci Lett 2019; 705:87-93. [PMID: 31022433 DOI: 10.1016/j.neulet.2019.04.039] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/11/2018] [Revised: 04/16/2019] [Accepted: 04/17/2019] [Indexed: 01/15/2023]
Abstract
The accurate diagnosis in the early stage of schizophrenia (SZ) is of great importance yet remains challenging. The classification between SZ and control groups based on magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) data using machine learning method could be helpful for SZ diagnosis. Increasing evidence showed that the combination of multimodal MRI data might further improve the classification performance However, medication effect has a profound influence on patients' anatomical and functional features and may reduce the classification efficiency. In this paper, we proposed a multimodal classification method to discriminate drug-naïve first-episode schizophrenia patients from healthy controls (HCs) by a combined structural MRI, diffusion tensor imaging (DTI) and resting state-functional MRI data. To reduce the feature dimension of multimodal data, we applied sparse coding (SC) for feature selection and multi-kernel support vector machine (SVM) for feature combination and classification. The best classification performance with the classification accuracy of 84.29% and area under the receiver operating characteristic (ROC) curve (AUC) of 81.64% was achieved when all modality data were combined. Interestingly, the identified functional markers were mainly found in default mode network (DMN) and cerebellar connections, while the structural markers were within limbic system and prefrontal-thalamo-hippocampal circuit.
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de Bartolomeis A, Prinzivalli E, Callovini G, D'Ambrosio L, Altavilla B, Avagliano C, Iasevoli F. Treatment resistant schizophrenia and neurological soft signs may converge on the same pathology: Evidence from explanatory analysis on clinical, psychopathological, and cognitive variables. Prog Neuropsychopharmacol Biol Psychiatry 2018; 81:356-366. [PMID: 28887181 DOI: 10.1016/j.pnpbp.2017.09.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/06/2017] [Revised: 08/17/2017] [Accepted: 09/03/2017] [Indexed: 12/31/2022]
Abstract
Here, we investigated neurological soft signs (NSSs) in treatment resistant schizophrenia (TRS) vs treatment responder schizophrenia (SZ) patients. TRS is a severe condition, affecting approximately one-third of schizophrenia patients and representing a relevant clinical challenge. NSSs are neurological abnormalities reportedly described in schizophrenia patients and linked to dysregulated network connections. We explored the possibility that NSSs may be: i) more severe in TRS patients; ii) differentially associated to clinical/cognitive variables in TRS vs SZ; iii) predictive of having TRS. In addition, we evaluated whether diagnosis may mediate NSSs associations with the above-mentioned variables. Consecutive patients with schizophrenia diagnosis underwent stringent assessment for TRS diagnosis. Demographics and clinical variables were recorded. Psychopathology (by Positive and Negative Syndrome Scale, PANSS), cognitive performances, and NSSs (by Neurological Evaluation Scale, NES) were tested. TRS had higher scores than SZ patients in total NES score and in almost all NES subscales, even after correction for duration of illness and antipsychotic dose (ANCOVA, p<0.05). NSSs significantly correlated with multiple clinical, psychopathological, and cognitive variables (above all: duration of disease and negative symptoms) in TRS but not in SZ patients. Two-way ANOVA showed NSS-x-diagnosis interaction in determining outcomes on multiple cognitive performances, but not in other clinical variables. However, simple main effect analysis detected a significant relationship between high severity NSSs and TRS diagnosis on multiple clinical and cognitive outcomes. Hierarchical regression analysis showed that diagnosis was among a discrete number of predictors yielding significant increases in variance explained on NES total, Sensory Integration and Other Signs subscales' scores. NSSs, together with antipsychotic dose and disease severity, were found to be significantly predictive of TRS diagnosis in a binary logistic regression model. These results suggest a stringent association between NSSs and TRS diagnosis, and may imply that NSSs association with clinical, psychopathological, and cognitive variables may be in part mediated by TRS diagnosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Andrea de Bartolomeis
- Section of Psychiatry - Unit on Treatment Resistant Psychosis, Laboratory of Molecular and Translational Psychiatry, Department of Neuroscience, University School of Medicine Federico II, Naples, Italy.
| | - Emiliano Prinzivalli
- Section of Psychiatry - Unit on Treatment Resistant Psychosis, Laboratory of Molecular and Translational Psychiatry, Department of Neuroscience, University School of Medicine Federico II, Naples, Italy
| | - Gemma Callovini
- Section of Psychiatry - Unit on Treatment Resistant Psychosis, Laboratory of Molecular and Translational Psychiatry, Department of Neuroscience, University School of Medicine Federico II, Naples, Italy
| | - Luigi D'Ambrosio
- Section of Psychiatry - Unit on Treatment Resistant Psychosis, Laboratory of Molecular and Translational Psychiatry, Department of Neuroscience, University School of Medicine Federico II, Naples, Italy
| | - Benedetta Altavilla
- Section of Psychiatry - Unit on Treatment Resistant Psychosis, Laboratory of Molecular and Translational Psychiatry, Department of Neuroscience, University School of Medicine Federico II, Naples, Italy
| | - Camilla Avagliano
- Section of Psychiatry - Unit on Treatment Resistant Psychosis, Laboratory of Molecular and Translational Psychiatry, Department of Neuroscience, University School of Medicine Federico II, Naples, Italy
| | - Felice Iasevoli
- Section of Psychiatry - Unit on Treatment Resistant Psychosis, Laboratory of Molecular and Translational Psychiatry, Department of Neuroscience, University School of Medicine Federico II, Naples, Italy
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Hirjak D, Northoff G, Thomann PA, Kubera KM, Wolf RC. Genuine motorische Phänomene bei schizophrenen Psychosen. DER NERVENARZT 2017; 89:27-43. [DOI: 10.1007/s00115-017-0434-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
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Abboud R, Noronha C, Diwadkar VA. Motor system dysfunction in the schizophrenia diathesis: Neural systems to neurotransmitters. Eur Psychiatry 2017. [PMID: 28641214 DOI: 10.1016/j.eurpsy.2017.04.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Motor control is a ubiquitous aspect of human function, and from its earliest origins, abnormal motor control has been proposed as being central to schizophrenia. The neurobiological architecture of the motor system is well understood in primates and involves cortical and sub-cortical components including the primary motor cortex, supplementary motor area, dorsal anterior cingulate cortex, the prefrontal cortex, the basal ganglia, and cerebellum. Notably all of these regions are associated in some manner to the pathophysiology of schizophrenia. At the molecular scale, both dopamine and γ-Aminobutyric Acid (GABA) abnormalities have been associated with working memory dysfunction, but particularly relating to the basal ganglia and the prefrontal cortex respectively. As evidence from multiple scales (behavioral, regional and molecular) converges, here we provide a synthesis of the bio-behavioral relevance of motor dysfunction in schizophrenia, and its consistency across scales. We believe that the selective compendium we provide can supplement calls arguing for renewed interest in studying the motor system in schizophrenia. We believe that in addition to being a highly relevant target for the study of schizophrenia related pathways in the brain, such focus provides tractable behavioral probes for in vivo imaging studies in the illness. Our assessment is that the motor system is a highly valuable research domain for the study of schizophrenia.
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Affiliation(s)
- R Abboud
- College of Osteopathic Medicine, Michigan State University Lansing, MI, USA
| | - C Noronha
- School of Medicine, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI, USA
| | - V A Diwadkar
- Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Neuroscience, Wayne State University School of Medicine, Suite 5A, Tolan Park Medical Building, 3901 Chrysler Service Drive, 48201 Detroit, MI, USA.
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Térémetz M, Carment L, Brénugat-Herne L, Croca M, Bleton JP, Krebs MO, Maier MA, Amado I, Lindberg PG. Manual Dexterity in Schizophrenia-A Neglected Clinical Marker? Front Psychiatry 2017; 8:120. [PMID: 28740470 PMCID: PMC5502278 DOI: 10.3389/fpsyt.2017.00120] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/06/2017] [Accepted: 06/23/2017] [Indexed: 01/30/2023] Open
Abstract
Impaired manual dexterity is commonly observed in schizophrenia. However, a quantitative description of key sensorimotor components contributing to impaired dexterity is lacking. Whether the key components of dexterity are differentially affected and how they relate to clinical characteristics also remains unclear. We quantified the degree of dexterity in 35 stabilized patients with schizophrenia and in 20 age-matched control subjects using four visuomotor tasks: (i) force tracking to quantify visuomotor precision, (ii) sequential finger tapping to measure motor sequence recall, (iii) single-finger tapping to assess temporal regularity, and (iv) multi-finger tapping to measure independence of finger movements. Diverse clinical and neuropsychological tests were also applied. A patient subgroup (N = 15) participated in a 14-week cognitive remediation protocol and was assessed before and after remediation. Compared to control subjects, patients with schizophrenia showed greater error in force tracking, poorer recall of tapping sequences, decreased tapping regularity, and reduced degree of finger individuation. A composite performance measure discriminated patients from controls with sensitivity = 0.79 and specificity = 0.9. Aside from force-tracking error, no other dexterity components correlated with antipsychotic medication. In patients, some dexterity components correlated with neurological soft signs, Positive and Negative Syndrome Scale (PANSS), or neuropsychological scores. This suggests differential cognitive contributions to these components. Cognitive remediation lead to significant improvement in PANSS, tracking error, and sequence recall (without change in medication). These findings show that multiple aspects of sensorimotor control contribute to impaired manual dexterity in schizophrenia. Only visuomotor precision was related to antipsychotic medication. Good diagnostic accuracy and responsiveness to treatment suggest that manual dexterity may represent a useful clinical marker in schizophrenia.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maxime Térémetz
- FR3636, CNRS, Université Paris Descartes, Sorbonne Paris Cité, Paris, France
| | - Loïc Carment
- FR3636, CNRS, Université Paris Descartes, Sorbonne Paris Cité, Paris, France
| | - Lindsay Brénugat-Herne
- SHU, Resource Center for Cognitive Remediation and Psychosocial Rehabilitation, Université Paris Descartes, Hôpital Sainte-Anne, Paris, France.,INSERM U894, GDR3557 Psychiatrie, Université Paris Descartes, Sorbonne Paris Cité, Paris, France
| | - Marta Croca
- SHU, Resource Center for Cognitive Remediation and Psychosocial Rehabilitation, Université Paris Descartes, Hôpital Sainte-Anne, Paris, France.,INSERM U894, GDR3557 Psychiatrie, Université Paris Descartes, Sorbonne Paris Cité, Paris, France
| | | | - Marie-Odile Krebs
- SHU, Resource Center for Cognitive Remediation and Psychosocial Rehabilitation, Université Paris Descartes, Hôpital Sainte-Anne, Paris, France.,INSERM U894, GDR3557 Psychiatrie, Université Paris Descartes, Sorbonne Paris Cité, Paris, France
| | - Marc A Maier
- FR3636, CNRS, Université Paris Descartes, Sorbonne Paris Cité, Paris, France.,Université Paris Diderot, Sorbonne Paris Cité, Paris, France
| | - Isabelle Amado
- SHU, Resource Center for Cognitive Remediation and Psychosocial Rehabilitation, Université Paris Descartes, Hôpital Sainte-Anne, Paris, France.,INSERM U894, GDR3557 Psychiatrie, Université Paris Descartes, Sorbonne Paris Cité, Paris, France
| | - Påvel G Lindberg
- FR3636, CNRS, Université Paris Descartes, Sorbonne Paris Cité, Paris, France.,INSERM U894, GDR3557 Psychiatrie, Université Paris Descartes, Sorbonne Paris Cité, Paris, France
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Zemankova P, Lungu O, Huttlova J, Kerkovsky M, Zubor J, Lipova P, Bares M, Kasparek T. Neuronal substrate and effective connectivity of abnormal movement sequencing in schizophrenia. Prog Neuropsychopharmacol Biol Psychiatry 2016; 67:1-9. [PMID: 26780603 DOI: 10.1016/j.pnpbp.2016.01.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/29/2015] [Revised: 01/05/2016] [Accepted: 01/06/2016] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
Movement sequencing difficulties are part of the neurological soft signs (NSS), they have high clinical value because they are not always present in schizophrenia. We investigated the neuronal correlates of movement sequencing in 24 healthy controls and 24 schizophrenia patients, with (SZP SQ+) or without (SZP SQ-) sequencing difficulties. We characterized simultaneous and lagged functional connectivity between brain regions involved in movement sequencing using psychophysiological interaction (PPI) and the Granger causality modeling (GCM), respectively. Left premotor cortex (PMC) and superior parietal lobule (SPL) were specifically activated during sequential movements in all participants. Right PMC and precuneus, ipsilateral to the hand executing the task, activated during sequential movements only in healthy controls and SZP SQ-. SZP SQ+ showed hyperactivation in contralateral PMC, as compared to the other groups. PPI analysis revealed a deficit in inhibitory connections within this fronto-parietal network in SZP SQ+ during sequential task. GCM showed a significant lagged effective connectivity from right PMC to left SPL during task and rest periods in all groups and from right PMC to right precuneus in SZP SQ+ group only. Both SZP groups had a significant lagged connectivity from right to left PMC, during sequential task. Our results indicate that aberrant fronto-parietal network connectivity with cortical inhibition deficit and abnormal reliance on previous network activity are related to movement sequencing in SZP. The overactivation of motor cortex seems to be a good compensating strategy, the hyperactivation of parietal cortex is linked to motor deficit symptoms.
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Affiliation(s)
- Petra Zemankova
- Behavioural and Social Neuroscience Research Group, Central European Institute of Technology - Masaryk University, Brno, Czech Republic.
| | - Ovidiu Lungu
- Department of Psychiatry, University of Montreal, Centre de recherche de l'Institut Universitaire de Gériatrie de Montreal, Montreal, Canada; Centre for Research in Aging, Donald Berman Maimonides Geriatric Centre, Montreal, Canada
| | - Jitka Huttlova
- Department of Psychiatry, Faculty of Medicine of the Masaryk University and University Hospital Brno, Brno, Czech Republic
| | - Milos Kerkovsky
- Department of Radiology, Faculty of Medicine of the Masaryk University and University Hospital Brno, Brno, Czech Republic
| | - Jozef Zubor
- Department of Psychiatry, Faculty of Medicine of the Masaryk University and University Hospital Brno, Brno, Czech Republic
| | - Petra Lipova
- Department of Psychiatry, Faculty of Medicine of the Masaryk University and University Hospital Brno, Brno, Czech Republic
| | - Martin Bares
- Behavioural and Social Neuroscience Research Group, Central European Institute of Technology - Masaryk University, Brno, Czech Republic; First Department of Neurology, Faculty of Medicine of the Masaryk University and St. Anne's University Hospital, Brno, Czech Republic
| | - Tomas Kasparek
- Behavioural and Social Neuroscience Research Group, Central European Institute of Technology - Masaryk University, Brno, Czech Republic; Department of Psychiatry, Faculty of Medicine of the Masaryk University and University Hospital Brno, Brno, Czech Republic
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Abstract
Postural instability is a feature that is frequently observed in patients with psychotic disorders. Previous studies applied rating scales or behavioral test to assess postural instabilities. Recently, a pressure-sensitive platform has been used to study detailed characteristics of postural sway and regulation. However, characteristics of posturography indices in patients with psychotic disorders have not been well documented. To integrate the findings from studies that assessed postural sway using posturography in patients with psychotic disorders, we conducted a systematic review. Following database literature search, we identified nine eligible articles. Assessment conditions and indices of postural stability varied between studies. Postural control was associated with negative and general psychopathology in two studies. Two studies reported associations between posturographic variables and medication dose, whereas four studies reported no associations. This review identified the need to develop standards to assess postural sway in patients with psychiatric disorders. Further studies need to report associations between postural sway and confounding factors.
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Affiliation(s)
- Haruo Fujino
- Graduate School of Human Sciences, Osaka University, 1-2, Yamadaoka, Suita, Osaka, 5650871, Japan.
| | - Osamu Imura
- Graduate School of Human Sciences, Osaka University, 1-2, Yamadaoka, Suita, Osaka, 5650871, Japan.
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Bareš M, Apps R, Kikinis Z, Timmann D, Oz G, Ashe JJ, Loft M, Koutsikou S, Cerminara N, Bushara KO, Kašpárek T. Proceedings of the workshop on Cerebellum, Basal Ganglia and Cortical Connections Unmasked in Health and Disorder held in Brno, Czech Republic, October 17th, 2013. CEREBELLUM (LONDON, ENGLAND) 2015; 14:142-50. [PMID: 25205331 PMCID: PMC5035040 DOI: 10.1007/s12311-014-0595-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Abstract
The proceedings of the workshop synthesize the experimental, preclinical, and clinical data suggesting that the cerebellum, basal ganglia (BG), and their connections play an important role in pathophysiology of various movement disorders (like Parkinson's disease and atypical parkinsonian syndromes) or neurodevelopmental disorders (like autism). The contributions from individual distinguished speakers cover the neuroanatomical research of complex networks, neuroimaging data showing that the cerebellum and BG are connected to a wide range of other central nervous system structures involved in movement control. Especially, the cerebellum plays a more complex role in how the brain functions than previously thought.
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Affiliation(s)
- Martin Bareš
- Central European Institute of Technology, CEITEC MU, Behavioral and Social Neuroscience Research Group, Masaryk University, Brno, Czech Republic,
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20. Movement sequencing abnormalities in schizophrenia: Changes in cortical activity during finger-tapping task. Clin Neurophysiol 2015. [DOI: 10.1016/j.clinph.2014.10.179] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/18/2022]
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13
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Mittal VA, Dean DJ, Bernard JA, Orr JM, Pelletier-Baldelli A, Carol EE, Gupta T, Turner J, Leopold DR, Robustelli BL, Millman ZB. Neurological soft signs predict abnormal cerebellar-thalamic tract development and negative symptoms in adolescents at high risk for psychosis: a longitudinal perspective. Schizophr Bull 2014; 40:1204-15. [PMID: 24375457 PMCID: PMC4193696 DOI: 10.1093/schbul/sbt199] [Citation(s) in RCA: 98] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/21/2023]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION There is an emerging consensus that neurological soft signs (NSS) may not be "soft" at all but rather may reflect neuropathy, particularly in the cerebellum and thalamus. However, our understanding of connective tract abnormalities is limited, and to date, there have been no investigations examining NSS and longitudinal white matter development during the prodrome. Mapping the correlates of NSS in ultrahigh-risk (UHR) youth offers potential for highlighting a viable biomarker as well as for advancing understanding of pathogenic processes during the adolescent risk period. METHODS A total of 68 (33 UHR and 35 healthy control) adolescents were assessed with an NSS inventory, structured interviews, and diffusion tensor imaging. Fractional anisotropy (FA) of theoretically relevant cerebellar-thalamic tracts was calculated (left/right superior cerebellar peduncles [SCPs]). Twelve months later, a subset of 30 (15 UHR and 15 control) participants returned for follow-up diffusion tension imaging/clinical assessments. RESULTS UHR youth exhibited elevated NSS across domains. While there were no group differences in the integrity of the SCPs at baseline, controls showed a normative increase while the UHR group showed a decrease in FA over 12 months. NSS predicted a longitudinal decrease in cerebellar-thalamic FA and elevations in negative but not positive symptoms 12 months later. DISCUSSION Findings of abnormal white matter development provide direct empirical evidence to support prominent neurodevelopmental theories. The predictive relationships between NSS and longitudinal cerebellar-thalamic tract integrity and negative symptom course provide insight into the role of cognitive dysmetria in the high-risk period and inform on a unique biomarker tied to core features underlying psychosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Vijay A. Mittal
- Department of Psychology and Neuroscience, University of Colorado Boulder, Boulder, CO;,Center for Neuroscience, University of Colorado Boulder, Boulder, CO;,*To whom correspondence should be addressed; Department of Psychology and Neuroscience, University of Colorado at Boulder, 345 UCB, Boulder, CO 80309-0345, US; tel: 310-923-2822, fax: 303-492-4616, e-mail:
| | - Derek J. Dean
- Department of Psychology and Neuroscience, University of Colorado Boulder, Boulder, CO;,Center for Neuroscience, University of Colorado Boulder, Boulder, CO
| | - Jessica A. Bernard
- Department of Psychology and Neuroscience, University of Colorado Boulder, Boulder, CO
| | - Joseph M. Orr
- Institute for Cognitive Science, University of Colorado Boulder, Boulder, CO
| | - Andrea Pelletier-Baldelli
- Department of Psychology and Neuroscience, University of Colorado Boulder, Boulder, CO;,Center for Neuroscience, University of Colorado Boulder, Boulder, CO
| | - Emily E. Carol
- Department of Psychology and Neuroscience, University of Colorado Boulder, Boulder, CO
| | - Tina Gupta
- Department of Psychology and Neuroscience, University of Colorado Boulder, Boulder, CO
| | - Jessica Turner
- Department of Psychology, Georgia State University, Atlanta, GA
| | - Daniel R. Leopold
- Department of Psychology and Neuroscience, University of Colorado Boulder, Boulder, CO;,Center for Neuroscience, University of Colorado Boulder, Boulder, CO
| | - Briana L. Robustelli
- Department of Psychology and Neuroscience, University of Colorado Boulder, Boulder, CO
| | - Zachary B. Millman
- Department of Psychology and Neuroscience, University of Colorado Boulder, Boulder, CO
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Bernard JA, Mittal VA. Cerebellar-motor dysfunction in schizophrenia and psychosis-risk: the importance of regional cerebellar analysis approaches. Front Psychiatry 2014; 5:160. [PMID: 25505424 PMCID: PMC4243486 DOI: 10.3389/fpsyt.2014.00160] [Citation(s) in RCA: 69] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/28/2014] [Accepted: 10/25/2014] [Indexed: 12/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Motor abnormalities in individuals with schizophrenia and those at-risk for psychosis are well documented. An accumulating body of work has also highlighted motor abnormalities related to cerebellar dysfunction in schizophrenia including eye-blink conditioning, timing, postural control, and motor learning. We have also recently found evidence for motor dysfunction in individuals at ultra high-risk for psychosis (1-3). This is particularly relevant as the cerebellum is thought to be central to the cognitive dysmetria model of schizophrenia, and these overt motor signs may point to more general cerebellar dysfunction in the etiology of psychotic disorders. While studies have provided evidence indicative of motor cerebellar dysfunction in at-risk populations and in schizophrenia, findings with respect to the cerebellum have been mixed. One factor potentially contributing to these mixed results is the whole-structure approach taken when investigating the cerebellum. In non-human primates, there are distinct closed-loop circuits between the cerebellum, thalamus, and brain with motor and non-motor cortical regions. Recent human neuroimaging has supported this finding and indicates that there is a cerebellar functional topography (4), and this information is being missed with whole-structure approaches. Here, we review cerebellar-motor dysfunction in individuals with schizophrenia and those at-risk for psychosis. We also discuss cerebellar abnormalities in psychosis, and the cerebellar functional topography. Because of the segregated functional regions of the cerebellum, we propose that it is important to look at the structure regionally in order to better understand its role in motor dysfunction in these populations. This is analogous to approaches taken with the basal ganglia, where each region is considered separately. Such an approach is necessary to better understand cerebellar pathophysiology on a macro-structural level with respect to the pathogenesis of psychosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jessica A Bernard
- Department of Psychology and Neuroscience, University of Colorado Boulder , Boulder, CO , USA
| | - Vijay A Mittal
- Department of Psychology and Neuroscience, University of Colorado Boulder , Boulder, CO , USA ; Center for Neuroscience, University of Colorado Boulder , Boulder, CO , USA
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Lallart E, Jouvent R, Herrmann FR, Perez-Diaz F, Lallart X, Beauchet O, Allali G. Gait control and executive dysfunction in early schizophrenia. J Neural Transm (Vienna) 2013; 121:443-50. [PMID: 24201834 DOI: 10.1007/s00702-013-1111-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/29/2013] [Accepted: 10/22/2013] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
Dysexecutive functioning, which is described as an enduring core feature of schizophrenia, has been associated with gait disorders. However, few studies have reported gait disorders in schizophrenia patients. The objective of this study was to examine the association between executive dysfunction and gait performance in recent-onset schizophrenia patients using the dual task paradigm. Thirty-two subjects participated to the study: 17 with recent-onset schizophrenia and 15 healthy age-matched controls. Executive functions were evaluated using the Frontal Assessment Battery, Stroop and Trail-Making tests. Mean values and coefficients of variation (CV) of the temporal gait parameters while single tasking (just walking) and while dual tasking (walking and forward counting, walking and backward counting, walking and verbal fluency) were measured using the SMTEC(®)-footswitch system. We focused on the CV of stride time as this measure has been shown to be the most representative parameter of higher gait control. A strong effect of the stride time was found in the group factor for the verbal fluency dual-task when compared to controls (Cohen's d mean = 1.28 and CV = 1.05). The effect was lower in the other dual tasks, and insignificant in the single task of walking. This study shows that patients exhibit higher stride-to-stride variability while dual tasking than controls. It also shows a stronger impact of verbal fluency on gait regularity compared to the other dual tasks revealing a relationship between the executive dysfunction and gait modification. Those results are in line with the idea that schizophrenia implies not only cognitive but also motor functioning and coordination impairment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Elise Lallart
- Emotion Center, CNRS UMR 3246, Hôpital de la Pitié-Salpêtrière, Pavillon Clérambault 47-83 Bd de l'Hôpital, 75013, Paris, France,
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Feinstein I, Kritzer MF. Acute N-methyl-D-aspartate receptor hypofunction induced by MK801 evokes sex-specific changes in behaviors observed in open-field testing in adult male and proestrus female rats. Neuroscience 2012; 228:200-14. [PMID: 23085219 DOI: 10.1016/j.neuroscience.2012.10.026] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/16/2012] [Revised: 10/02/2012] [Accepted: 10/10/2012] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Abstract
Schizophrenia is a complex constellation of positive, negative and cognitive symptoms. Acute administration of the non-competitive antagonist of the N-methyl-d-aspartate receptor (NMDAR) dizocilpine (MK801) in rats is one of few preclinical animal models of this disorder that has both face and/or construct validity for these multiple at-risk behavioral domains and predictive power for the efficacy of therapeutic drugs in treating them. This study asked whether and to what extent the rat NMDAR hypofunction model also embodies the sex differences that distinguish the symptoms of schizophrenia and their treatment. Thus, we compared the effects of acute MK801, with and without pretreatment with haloperidol or clozapine, on seven discrete spontaneous open-field activities in adult male and female rats. These analyses revealed that MK801 was more effective in stimulating ataxia and locomotion and inhibiting stationary behavior in females while more potently stimulating stereotypy and thigmotaxis and inhibiting rearing and grooming in males. Haloperidol and clozapine pretreatments had markedly different efficacies in terms of behaviors but strong similarities in their effectiveness in male and female subjects. These results bear intriguing relationships with the complex male/female differences that characterize the symptoms of schizophrenia and suggest possible applications for acute NMDAR hypofunction as a preclinical model for investigating the neurobiology that underlies them.
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Affiliation(s)
- I Feinstein
- Graduate Program in Neuroscience, Stony Brook University, Stony Brook, NY 11794-5230, USA
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