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Zhou H, Zhao Q, Jiang J, Wang Z, Li L, Gao Q, Wang K. Enhancing of pretreatment on high solids enzymatic hydrolysis of food waste: Sugar yield, trimming of substrate structure. BIORESOURCE TECHNOLOGY 2023; 379:128989. [PMID: 37003452 DOI: 10.1016/j.biortech.2023.128989] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/23/2023] [Revised: 03/27/2023] [Accepted: 03/28/2023] [Indexed: 05/03/2023]
Abstract
The development of high solids enzymatic hydrolysis (HSEH) technology is a promising way to improve the efficiency of bioenergy production from solid waste. Pretreatment methods such as ultrasound (USP), freeze-thaw (FTP), hydrothermal (HTP), and dried (DRD) were carried out to evaluate the effect and mechanism of the pretreatment methods on the HSEH of FW. The reducing sugar of HTP and DRD reached 94.75% and 94.92% of the theoretical value. HTP and DRD could reduce the crystallinity of FW. DRD resulted in lower alignment and the occurrence of fractures of the substrate and exposed the α-1,4 glycosidic bond of starch. The high destructive power of HTP and DRD reduced the obstacles caused by the high solid content. Moreover, DRD consumed only 27.62% of the total energy of HTP. DRD could be a promising pretreatment methods for glucose recovery for its high product yield, significant substrate destruction, and economic feasibility.
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Affiliation(s)
- Huimin Zhou
- School of Environment, Harbin Institute of Technology, Harbin 150090, China
| | - Qingliang Zhao
- School of Environment, Harbin Institute of Technology, Harbin 150090, China; State Key Laboratory of Urban Water Resources and Environments (SKLUWRE), Harbin Institute of Technology, Harbin 150090, China
| | - Junqiu Jiang
- School of Environment, Harbin Institute of Technology, Harbin 150090, China.
| | - Zhaoxia Wang
- School of Environment, Harbin Institute of Technology, Harbin 150090, China
| | - Lili Li
- School of Environment, Harbin Institute of Technology, Harbin 150090, China
| | - Qingwei Gao
- School of Environment, Harbin Institute of Technology, Harbin 150090, China
| | - Kun Wang
- School of Environment, Harbin Institute of Technology, Harbin 150090, China
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Heng S, Sutheeworapong S, Champreda V, Uke A, Kosugi A, Pason P, Waeonukul R, Ceballos RM, Ratanakhanokchai K, Tachaapaikoon C. Genomics and cellulolytic, hemicellulolytic, and amylolytic potential of Iocasia fonsfrigidae strain SP3-1 for polysaccharide degradation. PeerJ 2022; 10:e14211. [PMID: 36281362 PMCID: PMC9587714 DOI: 10.7717/peerj.14211] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/13/2022] [Accepted: 09/19/2022] [Indexed: 01/24/2023] Open
Abstract
Background Cellulolytic, hemicellulolytic, and amylolytic (CHA) enzyme-producing halophiles are understudied. The recently defined taxon Iocasia fonsfrigidae consists of one well-described anaerobic bacterial strain: NS-1T. Prior to characterization of strain NS-1T, an isolate designated Halocella sp. SP3-1 was isolated and its genome was published. Based on physiological and genetic comparisons, it was suggested that Halocella sp. SP3-1 may be another isolate of I. fronsfrigidae. Despite being geographic variants of the same species, data indicate that strain SP3-1 exhibits genetic, genomic, and physiological characteristics that distinguish it from strain NS-1T. In this study, we examine the halophilic and alkaliphilic nature of strain SP3-1 and the genetic substrates underlying phenotypic differences between strains SP3-1 and NS-1T with focus on sugar metabolism and CHA enzyme expression. Methods Standard methods in anaerobic cell culture were used to grow strains SP3-1 as well as other comparator species. Morphological characterization was done via electron microscopy and Schaeffer-Fulton staining. Data for sequence comparisons (e.g., 16S rRNA) were retrieved via BLAST and EzBioCloud. Alignments and phylogenetic trees were generated via CLUTAL_X and neighbor joining functions in MEGA (version 11). Genomes were assembled/annotated via the Prokka annotation pipeline. Clusters of Orthologous Groups (COGs) were defined by eegNOG 4.5. DNA-DNA hybridization calculations were performed by the ANI Calculator web service. Results Cells of strain SP3-1 are rods. SP3-1 cells grow at NaCl concentrations of 5-30% (w/v). Optimal growth occurs at 37 °C, pH 8.0, and 20% NaCl (w/v). Although phylogenetic analysis based on 16S rRNA gene indicates that strain SP3-1 belongs to the genus Iocasia with 99.58% average nucleotide sequence identity to Iocasia fonsfrigida NS-1T, strain SP3-1 is uniquely an extreme haloalkaliphile. Moreover, strain SP3-1 ferments D-glucose to acetate, butyrate, carbon dioxide, hydrogen, ethanol, and butanol and will grow on L-arabinose, D-fructose, D-galactose, D-glucose, D-mannose, D-raffinose, D-xylose, cellobiose, lactose, maltose, sucrose, starch, xylan and phosphoric acid swollen cellulose (PASC). D-rhamnose, alginate, and lignin do not serve as suitable culture substrates for strain SP3-1. Thus, the carbon utilization profile of strain SP3-1 differs from that of I. fronsfrigidae strain NS-1T. Differences between these two strains are also noted in their lipid composition. Genomic data reveal key differences between the genetic profiles of strain SP3-1 and NS-1T that likely account for differences in morphology, sugar metabolism, and CHA-enzyme potential. Important to this study, I. fonsfrigidae SP3-1 produces and extracellularly secretes CHA enzymes at different levels and composition than type strain NS-1T. The high salt tolerance and pH range of SP3-1 makes it an ideal candidate for salt and pH tolerant enzyme discovery.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sobroney Heng
- School of Bioresources and Technology, King Mongkut’s Institute of Technology Thonburi, Bangkok, Thailand
| | - Sawannee Sutheeworapong
- Pilot Plant Development and Training Institute, King Mongkut’s Institute of Technology Thonburi, Bangkok, Thailand
| | - Verawat Champreda
- National Center for Genetic Engineering and Biotechnology, Thailand Science Park, Klong Luang, Pathumthani, Thailand
| | - Ayaka Uke
- Biological Resources and Post-harvest Division, Japan International Research Center for Agricultural Sciences, Ibaraki, Japan
| | - Akihiko Kosugi
- Biological Resources and Post-harvest Division, Japan International Research Center for Agricultural Sciences, Ibaraki, Japan
| | - Patthra Pason
- School of Bioresources and Technology, King Mongkut’s Institute of Technology Thonburi, Bangkok, Thailand,Excellent Center of Enzyme Technology and Microbial Utilization, Pilot Plant Development and Training Institute, King Mongkut’s Institute of Technology Thonburi, Bangkok, Thailand
| | - Rattiya Waeonukul
- School of Bioresources and Technology, King Mongkut’s Institute of Technology Thonburi, Bangkok, Thailand,Excellent Center of Enzyme Technology and Microbial Utilization, Pilot Plant Development and Training Institute, King Mongkut’s Institute of Technology Thonburi, Bangkok, Thailand
| | - Ruben Michael Ceballos
- Department of Biological Sciences, University of Arkansas, Fayetteville, AR, United States of America,Arkansas Center for Space & Planetary Sciences, University of Arkansas, Fayetteville, AR, United States of America
| | - Khanok Ratanakhanokchai
- School of Bioresources and Technology, King Mongkut’s Institute of Technology Thonburi, Bangkok, Thailand,Excellent Center of Enzyme Technology and Microbial Utilization, Pilot Plant Development and Training Institute, King Mongkut’s Institute of Technology Thonburi, Bangkok, Thailand
| | - Chakrit Tachaapaikoon
- School of Bioresources and Technology, King Mongkut’s Institute of Technology Thonburi, Bangkok, Thailand,Excellent Center of Enzyme Technology and Microbial Utilization, Pilot Plant Development and Training Institute, King Mongkut’s Institute of Technology Thonburi, Bangkok, Thailand
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Fathima AA, Sanitha M, Tripathi L, Muiruri S. Cassava (
Manihot esculenta
) dual use for food and bioenergy: A review. Food Energy Secur 2022. [DOI: 10.1002/fes3.380] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/04/2023] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Anwar Aliya Fathima
- Department of Bioinformatics Saveetha School of Engineering Saveetha Institute of Medical and Technical Sciences Chennai India
| | - Mary Sanitha
- Department of Bioinformatics Saveetha School of Engineering Saveetha Institute of Medical and Technical Sciences Chennai India
| | - Leena Tripathi
- International Institute of Tropical Agriculture (IITA) Nairobi Kenya
| | - Samwel Muiruri
- International Institute of Tropical Agriculture (IITA) Nairobi Kenya
- Department of Plant Sciences Kenyatta University Nairobi Kenya
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Tatta ER, Imchen M, Moopantakath J, Kumavath R. Bioprospecting of microbial enzymes: current trends in industry and healthcare. Appl Microbiol Biotechnol 2022; 106:1813-1835. [PMID: 35254498 DOI: 10.1007/s00253-022-11859-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/15/2022] [Revised: 02/15/2022] [Accepted: 02/26/2022] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
Microbial enzymes have an indispensable role in producing foods, pharmaceuticals, and other commercial goods. Many novel enzymes have been reported from all domains of life, such as plants, microbes, and animals. Nonetheless, industrially desirable enzymes of microbial origin are limited. This review article discusses the classifications, applications, sources, and challenges of most demanded industrial enzymes such as pectinases, cellulase, lipase, and protease. In addition, the production of novel enzymes through protein engineering technologies such as directed evolution, rational, and de novo design, for the improvement of existing industrial enzymes is also explored. We have also explored the role of metagenomics, nanotechnology, OMICs, and machine learning approaches in the bioprospecting of novel enzymes. Overall, this review covers the basics of biocatalysts in industrial and healthcare applications and provides an overview of existing microbial enzyme optimization tools. KEY POINTS: • Microbial bioactive molecules are vital for therapeutic and industrial applications. • High-throughput OMIC is the most proficient approach for novel enzyme discovery. • Comprehensive databases and efficient machine learning models are the need of the hour to fast forward de novo enzyme design and discovery.
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Affiliation(s)
- Eswar Rao Tatta
- Department of Genomic Science, School of Biological Sciences, Central University of Kerala, Tejaswini Hills, Periya (PO.), Kasaragod, Kerala, 671320, India
| | - Madangchanok Imchen
- Department of Genomic Science, School of Biological Sciences, Central University of Kerala, Tejaswini Hills, Periya (PO.), Kasaragod, Kerala, 671320, India
| | - Jamseel Moopantakath
- Department of Genomic Science, School of Biological Sciences, Central University of Kerala, Tejaswini Hills, Periya (PO.), Kasaragod, Kerala, 671320, India
| | - Ranjith Kumavath
- Department of Genomic Science, School of Biological Sciences, Central University of Kerala, Tejaswini Hills, Periya (PO.), Kasaragod, Kerala, 671320, India.
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Li D, Yang N, Wu Z, Xu E, Zhou Y, Cui B, Han Y, Tao Y. Effects of connection mode on acid hydrolysis of corn starch during induced electric field treatment. Int J Biol Macromol 2022; 200:370-377. [PMID: 34999042 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijbiomac.2021.12.177] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/19/2021] [Revised: 12/28/2021] [Accepted: 12/28/2021] [Indexed: 01/02/2023]
Abstract
This study aimed to explore the effect of induced electric field (IEF) treatment on acid hydrolysis of corn starch by altering the connection modes of sample coils of a 4-reactor IEF system. Results suggested that IEF treatment could enhance the hydrolysis of corn starch and series connection (1. RRRR, η=16ESi2Pin4ZSi+Zload) exhibited higher energy efficiency than parallel (9. (RRRR), η=4ESi2PinZSi+4Zload), thus contributing to more extensive hydrolysis. Although no new functional group was formed, the starch granules were partially cracked into pieces and the crystallinity was slightly increased after IEF-assisted hydrolysis. Differential scanning calorimetry results indicated that IEF-assisted hydrolysis increased the gelatinization temperatures but decreased the enthalpy of starch, with a greatest variation was observed by series connection. Rapid visco-analysis showed that IEF-assisted hydrolysis greatly decreased the pasting viscosity of corn starch and also series connection showed the strongest reduction. The obtained results could provide a theoretical guide for the applications of IEF technology in biomaterial processing.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dandan Li
- College of Food Science and Technology, Whole Grain Food Engineering Research Center, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing 210095, Jiangsu Province, China.
| | - Na Yang
- College of Food Science and Technology, Jiangnan University, Wuxi 214122, Jiangsu Province, China
| | - Zhengzong Wu
- State Key Laboratory of Biobased Material and Green Papermaking, Qilu University of Technology, Jinan 250353, Shandong Province, China
| | - Enbo Xu
- College of Biosystems Engineering and Food Science, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310058, Zhejiang Province, China
| | - Yuyi Zhou
- College of Food Science and Technology, Jiangnan University, Wuxi 214122, Jiangsu Province, China
| | - Bo Cui
- State Key Laboratory of Biobased Material and Green Papermaking, Qilu University of Technology, Jinan 250353, Shandong Province, China
| | - Yongbin Han
- College of Food Science and Technology, Whole Grain Food Engineering Research Center, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing 210095, Jiangsu Province, China
| | - Yang Tao
- College of Food Science and Technology, Whole Grain Food Engineering Research Center, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing 210095, Jiangsu Province, China.
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Ban X, Xie X, Li C, Gu Z, Hong Y, Cheng L, Kaustubh B, Li Z. The desirable salt bridges in amylases: Distribution, configuration and location. Food Chem 2021; 354:129475. [PMID: 33744660 DOI: 10.1016/j.foodchem.2021.129475] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/12/2020] [Revised: 01/30/2021] [Accepted: 02/22/2021] [Indexed: 12/07/2022]
Abstract
The α-amylases are the most widely used industrial enzymes, and are particularly useful as liquifying enzymes in industrial processes based upon starch. Since starch liquefication is carried out at evaluated temperatures, typically above 60 °C, there is substantial demand for thermostable α -amylases. Most naturally occurring α -amylases exhibit moderate thermostability, so substantial effort has been invested in attempts to increase their thermostability. One structural feature that has the potential to increase protein thermostability is the introduction of salt bridges. However, not every salt bridge contributes to protein thermostability. The salt bridges in amylases have their characteristics in terms of distribution, configuration and location. The summary of these features helps to introduce new salt bridges based on the characteristics. This review focuses on salt bridges of α-amylases, both naturally present and introduced using mutagenesis. Its aim is to provide a bird's eye view of distribution, configuration, location of desirable salt bridges.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiaofeng Ban
- School of Food Science and Technology, Jiangnan University, Wuxi 214122, People's Republic of China
| | - Xiaofang Xie
- School of Food Science and Technology, Jiangnan University, Wuxi 214122, People's Republic of China
| | - Caiming Li
- School of Food Science and Technology, Jiangnan University, Wuxi 214122, People's Republic of China
| | - Zhengbiao Gu
- State Key Laboratory of Food Science and Technology, Jiangnan University, Wuxi 214122, People's Republic of China; School of Food Science and Technology, Jiangnan University, Wuxi 214122, People's Republic of China; Synergetic Innovation Center of Food Safety and Nutrition, Jiangnan University, Wuxi, Jiangsu 214122, People's Republic of China
| | - Yan Hong
- School of Food Science and Technology, Jiangnan University, Wuxi 214122, People's Republic of China
| | - Li Cheng
- School of Food Science and Technology, Jiangnan University, Wuxi 214122, People's Republic of China
| | - Bhalerao Kaustubh
- Department of Agricultural and Biological Engineering, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, USA
| | - Zhaofeng Li
- State Key Laboratory of Food Science and Technology, Jiangnan University, Wuxi 214122, People's Republic of China; National Engineering Laboratory for Cereal Fermentation Technology, Wuxi 214122, People's Republic of China; School of Food Science and Technology, Jiangnan University, Wuxi 214122, People's Republic of China.
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Nnaemeka IC, Samuel O E, Maxwell I O, Christain AO, Chinelo S O. Optimization and kinetic studies for enzymatic hydrolysis and fermentation of colocynthis vulgaris Shrad seeds shell for bioethanol production. JOURNAL OF BIORESOURCES AND BIOPRODUCTS 2021. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jobab.2021.02.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/22/2022] Open
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Probiotic properties of lactic acid bacteria isolated from traditionally prepared dry starters of the Eastern Himalayas. World J Microbiol Biotechnol 2021; 37:7. [PMID: 33392833 DOI: 10.1007/s11274-020-02975-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/23/2020] [Accepted: 12/01/2020] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
The Himalayan people prepare dry and oval to round-shaped starter cultures to ferment cereals into mild-alcoholic beverages, which contain lactic acid bacteria (LAB) as one of the essential microbiota. There is no report on probiotic characters of LAB isolated from dry starters. Hence, we screened the probiotic and some functional properties of 37 LAB strains isolated from dry starters of the Eastern Himalayas viz. marcha, phab, paa, pee and phut. About 38% of the LAB strains showed high survival rate (> 50%) at pH 3 and 0.3% bile salts. Enterococcus durans BPB21 and SMB7 showed the highest hydrophobicity percentage of 98%. E. durans DMB4 and SMB7 showed maximum cholesterol assimilation activity. About 65% of the LAB strains showed the ability to produce β galactosidase. Majority of the strains showed phytase activity, whereas none of the strain showed amylase activity. About 86% of LAB strains showed an optimum tolerance of 10% ethanol concentration. Genetic screening of some probiotic and functional marker genes have also been analysed. The occurrence of clp L gene, agu A gene (survival of gastrointestinal tract conditions), apf, mub1 and map A gene (adhesion genes) was higher compared to other genes. The occurrence of bsh gene (bile salt tolerance) was detected in Pediococcus pentosaceus SMB13-1 and Enterococcus faecium BPB11. Gene ped B for pediocin with amplicon size of 375 bp was detected in E. durans DMB13 and Pediococcus acidilactici AKB3. Detection of nutritional marker gene rib A and fol P in some strains showed the potential ability to synthesize riboflavin and folic acid. LAB with probiotic and functional properties may be explored for food industry in future.
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Prospects for the Improvement of Bioethanol and Biohydrogen Production from Mixed Starch-Based Agricultural Wastes. ENERGIES 2020. [DOI: 10.3390/en13246609] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/06/2023]
Abstract
The need for fossil fuel alternatives keeps increasing. Bioethanol and biohydrogen have emerged as significant renewable options. However, these bioprocess routes have presented various challenges, which constantly impede commercialization. Most of these bottlenecks are hinged on feedstock logistics, low biofuel yield and enormous process costs. Meanwhile, a large output of renewable energy can be generated from mixed starch-based agricultural wastes due to their intrinsic bioenergy characteristics. This study, therefore, focuses on the production of bioethanol and biohydrogen from mixed starch-based agricultural wastes. The content further highlights the current challenges of their individual processes and elucidates the prospects for improvement, through an integrated biofuel approach. The use of mixed starch-based agricultural wastes as substrates for integrated bioethanol and biohydrogen production was proposed. Furthermore, the use of mixture-based experimental design for the determination of optimal values of critical factors influencing biofuel production emerges as a viable prospect for profitable bioethanol production from the starch-based biomass. Additionally, biohydrogen production from effluents of the mixed starch-based waste bioethanol looked promising. Thus, the study proposed valuable insights towards achieving a cost-effective biofuel technology.
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10
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Pradhan P, Tamang JP. Phenotypic and Genotypic Identification of Bacteria Isolated From Traditionally Prepared Dry Starters of the Eastern Himalayas. Front Microbiol 2019; 10:2526. [PMID: 31749787 PMCID: PMC6848222 DOI: 10.3389/fmicb.2019.02526] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/20/2019] [Accepted: 10/21/2019] [Indexed: 12/30/2022] Open
Abstract
Preparation of dry starters for alcohol production is an age-old traditional technology in the Eastern Himalayan regions of east Nepal, the Darjeeling hills, Sikkim, and Arunachal Pradesh in India, and Bhutan. We studied the bacterial diversity in 35 samples of traditionally prepared dry starters, represented by marcha of Nepal, Sikkim, the Darjeeling hills, and Bhutan, phab of Bhutan, and paa, pee, and phut of Arunachal Pradesh, respectively. Populations of bacteria in these starters were 105 to 108 cfu/g. A total of 201 bacterial strains were isolated from starter samples, phenotypically characterized, and their identities confirmed by the 16S rRNA sanger sequencing method. The dominant phylum was Firmicutes (85%), followed by Proteobacteria (9%), and Actinobacteria (6%). Lactic acid bacteria (LAB) (59%) formed the most abundant group, followed by non-LAB (32%) and Gram-negative bacteria (9%). Based on the 16S rRNA gene sequencing result, we identified LAB: Enterococcus durans, E. faecium, E. fecalis, E. hirae, E. lactis, Pediococcus acidilactici, P. pentosaceus, Lactobacillus plantarum subsp. plantarum, Lb. pentosus, Leuconostoc mesenteroides, and Weissella cibaria; non-LAB: Bacillus subtilis subsp. inaquosorum, B. circulans, B. albus, B. cereus, B. nakamurai, B. nitratireducens, B. pseudomycoides, B. zhangzhouensis, Kocuria rosea, Staphylococcus hominis subsp. hominis, S. warneri, S. gallinarum, S. sciuri, Lysinibacillus boronitolerans, Brevibacterium frigoritolerans, and Micrococcus yunnanensis; Gram-negative bacteria: Pseudomonas putida, Klebsiella pneumoniae, Enterobacter hormaechei subsp. xiangfangensis, E. hormaechei subsp. steigerwaltii, and Stenotrophomonas maltophilia. We characterized diversity indexes of the bacterial community present in traditionally prepared dry starters. This is the first report on the bacterial diversity of traditionally dry starters of the Eastern Himalayas by sanger sequencing.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Jyoti Prakash Tamang
- DAICENTRE (DBT-AIST International Centre for Translational and Environmental Research) and Bioinformatics Centre, Department of Microbiology, School of Life Sciences, Sikkim University, Gangtok, India
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Pervez S, Nawaz MA, Jamal M, Jan T, Maqbool F, Shah I, Aman A, Ul Qader SA. Improvement of catalytic properties of starch hydrolyzing fungal amyloglucosidase: Utilization of agar-agar as an organic matrix for immobilization. Carbohydr Res 2019; 486:107860. [PMID: 31683070 DOI: 10.1016/j.carres.2019.107860] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/04/2019] [Revised: 10/02/2019] [Accepted: 10/25/2019] [Indexed: 10/25/2022]
Abstract
In this study, amyloglucosidase was immobilized within agar-agar through entrapment technique for the hydrolysis of soluble starch. Enzymatic activities of soluble and entrapped amyloglucosidase were compared using soluble starch as a substrate. Partially purified enzyme was immobilized and maximum immobilization yield (80%) was attained at 40 gL-1 of agar-agar. Enzyme catalysis reaction time shifted from 5.0 min to 10 min after immobilization. Similarly, a five-degree shift in temperature (60 °C-65 °C) and a 0.5 unit increase in pH (pH-5.0 to pH-5.5) were also observed. Substrate saturation kinetics revealed that Km of entrapped amyloglucosidase increased from 1.41 mg ml-1 (soluble enzyme) to 3.39 mg ml-1 (immobilized enzyme) whereas, Vmax decreased from 947 kU mg-1 (soluble enzyme) to 698 kU mg-1 (immobilized enzyme). Entrapped amyloglucosidase also exhibited significant catalytic performance during thermal and storage stability when compared with soluble enzyme. Reusability of entrapped amyloglucosidase for hydrolysis of soluble starch demonstrated its recycling efficiency up to six cycles which is an exceptional characteristic for continuous bioprocessing of soluble starch into glucose.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sidra Pervez
- Department of Microbiology, Hazara University, Mansehra, Khyber Pakhtunkhwa, Pakistan
| | - Muhammad Asif Nawaz
- Department of Biotechnology, Shaheed Benazir Bhutto University, Sheringal, Dir (Upper), Khyber Pakhtunkhwa, Pakistan.
| | - Muhsin Jamal
- Department of Microbiology, Abdul Wali Khan University, Garden Campus, Mardan, Pakistan
| | - Tour Jan
- Department of Botany, University of Malakand, Chakdrara, Khyber Pakhtunkhwa, Pakistan
| | - Farhana Maqbool
- Department of Microbiology, Hazara University, Mansehra, Khyber Pakhtunkhwa, Pakistan
| | - Ismail Shah
- Department of Pharmacy, Abdul Wali Khan University, Garden Campus, Mardan, Pakistan
| | - Afsheen Aman
- The Karachi Institute of Biotechnology and Genetic Engineering (KIBGE), University of Karachi, 75270, Karachi, Pakistan
| | - Shah Ali Ul Qader
- Department of Biochemistry, University of Karachi, Karachi, 75270, Pakistan
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Olguin-Maciel E, Larqué-Saavedra A, Lappe-Oliveras PE, Barahona-Pérez LF, Alzate-Gaviria L, Chablé-Villacis R, Domínguez-Maldonado J, Pacheco-Catalán D, Ruíz HA, Tapia-Tussell R. Consolidated Bioprocess for Bioethanol Production from Raw Flour of Brosimum alicastrum Seeds Using the Native Strain of Trametes hirsuta Bm-2. Microorganisms 2019; 7:microorganisms7110483. [PMID: 31652874 PMCID: PMC6920830 DOI: 10.3390/microorganisms7110483] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/27/2019] [Revised: 09/23/2019] [Accepted: 10/07/2019] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Consolidated bioprocessing (CBP), which integrates biological pretreatment, enzyme production, saccharification, and fermentation, is a promising operational strategy for cost-effective ethanol production from biomass. In this study, the use of a native strain of Trametes hirsuta (Bm-2) was evaluated for bioethanol production from Brosimum alicastrum in a CBP. The raw seed flour obtained from the ramon tree contained 61% of starch, indicating its potential as a raw material for bioethanol production. Quantitative assays revealed that the Bm-2 strain produced the amylase enzyme with activity of 193.85 U/mL. The Bm-2 strain showed high tolerance to ethanol stress and was capable of directly producing ethanol from raw flour at a concentration of 13 g/L, with a production yield of 123.4 mL/kg flour. This study demonstrates the potential of T. hirsuta Bm-2 for starch-based ethanol production in a consolidated bioprocess to be implemented in the biofuel industry. The residual biomass after fermentation showed an average protein content of 22.5%, suggesting that it could also be considered as a valuable biorefinery co-product for animal feeding.
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Affiliation(s)
- Edgar Olguin-Maciel
- Renewable Energy Department, Yucatan Center for Scientific Research, Merida 97302, Mexico.
| | | | - Patricia E Lappe-Oliveras
- Mycology Laboratory, Biology Institute, National Autonomous University of Mexico, Mexico City 04510, Mexico.
| | - Luis F Barahona-Pérez
- Renewable Energy Department, Yucatan Center for Scientific Research, Merida 97302, Mexico.
| | - Liliana Alzate-Gaviria
- Renewable Energy Department, Yucatan Center for Scientific Research, Merida 97302, Mexico.
| | - Rubí Chablé-Villacis
- Renewable Energy Department, Yucatan Center for Scientific Research, Merida 97302, Mexico.
| | | | | | - Hector A Ruíz
- Biorefinery Group, Food Research Department, Faculty of Chemistry Sciences, Autonomous University of Coahuila, Saltillo 25280, Mexico.
| | - Raúl Tapia-Tussell
- Renewable Energy Department, Yucatan Center for Scientific Research, Merida 97302, Mexico.
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Song CW, Park JM, Chung SC, Lee SY, Song H. Microbial production of 2,3-butanediol for industrial applications. J Ind Microbiol Biotechnol 2019; 46:1583-1601. [PMID: 31468234 DOI: 10.1007/s10295-019-02231-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 70] [Impact Index Per Article: 14.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/30/2019] [Accepted: 08/23/2019] [Indexed: 12/31/2022]
Abstract
2,3-Butanediol (2,3-BD) has great potential for diverse industries, including chemical, cosmetics, agriculture, and pharmaceutical areas. However, its industrial production and usage are limited by the fairly high cost of its petro-based production. Several bio-based 2,3-BD production processes have been developed and their economic advantages over petro-based production process have been reported. In particular, many 2,3-BD-producing microorganisms including bacteria and yeast have been isolated and metabolically engineered for efficient production of 2,3-BD. In addition, several fermentation processes have been tested using feedstocks such as starch, sugar, glycerol, and even lignocellulose as raw materials. Since separation and purification of 2,3-BD from fermentation broth account for the majority of its production cost, cost-effective processes have been simultaneously developed. The construction of a demonstration plant that can annually produce around 300 tons of 2,3-BD is scheduled to be mechanically completed in Korea in 2019. In this paper, core technologies for bio-based 2,3-BD production are reviewed and their potentials for use in the commercial sector are discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chan Woo Song
- Research and Development Center, GS Caltex Corporation, Yuseong-gu, Daejeon, 34122, South Korea
| | - Jong Myoung Park
- Research and Development Center, GS Caltex Corporation, Yuseong-gu, Daejeon, 34122, South Korea
| | - Sang Chul Chung
- Research and Development Center, GS Caltex Corporation, Yuseong-gu, Daejeon, 34122, South Korea.,Department of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering (BK21 Plus Program), BioProcess Engineering Research Center, Bioinformatics Research Center, Korea Advanced Institute of Science and Technology, Daejeon, 34141, South Korea
| | - Sang Yup Lee
- Department of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering (BK21 Plus Program), BioProcess Engineering Research Center, Bioinformatics Research Center, Korea Advanced Institute of Science and Technology, Daejeon, 34141, South Korea
| | - Hyohak Song
- Research and Development Center, GS Caltex Corporation, Yuseong-gu, Daejeon, 34122, South Korea.
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Viayaraghavan P, Jeba Kumar S, Valan Arasu M, Al-Dhabi NA. Simultaneous production of commercial enzymes using agro industrial residues by statistical approach. JOURNAL OF THE SCIENCE OF FOOD AND AGRICULTURE 2019; 99:2685-2696. [PMID: 30345553 DOI: 10.1002/jsfa.9436] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/22/2018] [Revised: 10/16/2018] [Accepted: 10/17/2018] [Indexed: 06/08/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Simultaneous production of commercial enzymes using agro-industrial residues by statistical approach is an important perspective in an industrial point of view. Despite the advantages of statistical methods optimization, the report on simultaneous production of pectinase and amylases are limited. The accumulation of agro-industrial residues causes serious environmental problems; however, citrus peel can be the important substrate for various enzymes production, including pectinase. These enzymes involving saccharification process and act as clarifying agent. RESULTS In this study, orange peel and banana peel mixture were used as the suitable substrate for pectinase and amylase production using Bacillus pumilus in solid-state culture. The process parameters were optimized for simultaneous production of enzymes by a traditional-one-variable-at-a-time approach, a two level full factorial design, central composite design and response surface methodology. Among the selected variables, moisture content of the medium, pH and mineral supplement significantly influenced pectinase and amylase production. Pectinase production increased over 3-fold, whereas, 2-fold increase on amylase production was achieved after optimization by statistical approach. The purified pectinase exhibited maximal activity at pH 8.0, temperature of 60 °C and the molecular weight was 60 kDa. The purified amylase was highly active at pH 8.0, at 50 °C and the molecular weight was 37 kDa. The enzyme showed activity on fruit pulp in increasing clarity in orange and carrot juice and the saccharification of starch. CONCLUSION Orange peel and banana peel mixture was effective as a solid medium for the simultaneous production of pectinase and amylase by Bacillus pumilus. Also, our statistical approach to optimize the medium components to yield more pectinase and amylase was fruitful and these enzymes showed appreciable results suitable for various applications. © 2018 Society of Chemical Industry.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Sujin Jeba Kumar
- Bioprocess Engineering Division, Smykon Biotech Pvt LtD, Kanyakumari, India
| | - Mariadhas Valan Arasu
- Department of Botany and Microbiology, College of Science, King Saud University, Riyadh, Kingdom of Saudi Arabia
| | - Naif Abdullah Al-Dhabi
- Department of Botany and Microbiology, College of Science, King Saud University, Riyadh, Kingdom of Saudi Arabia
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Kumar S, Dangi AK, Shukla P, Baishya D, Khare SK. Thermozymes: Adaptive strategies and tools for their biotechnological applications. BIORESOURCE TECHNOLOGY 2019; 278:372-382. [PMID: 30709766 DOI: 10.1016/j.biortech.2019.01.088] [Citation(s) in RCA: 36] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/14/2018] [Revised: 01/19/2019] [Accepted: 01/21/2019] [Indexed: 05/10/2023]
Abstract
In today's scenario of global climate change, there is a colossal demand for sustainable industrial processes and enzymes from thermophiles. Plausibly, thermozymes are an important toolkit, as they are known to be polyextremophilic in nature. Small genome size and diverse molecular conformational modifications have been implicated in devising adaptive strategies. Besides, the utilization of chemical technology and gene editing attributions according to mechanical necessities are the additional key factor for efficacious bioprocess development. Microbial thermozymes have been extensively used in waste management, biofuel, food, paper, detergent, medicinal and pharmaceutical industries. To understand the strength of enzymes at higher temperatures different models utilize X-ray structures of thermostable proteins, machine learning calculations, neural networks, but unified adaptive measures are yet to be totally comprehended. The present review provides a recent updates on thermozymes and various interdisciplinary applications including the aspects of thermophiles bioengineering utilizing synthetic biology and gene editing tools.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sumit Kumar
- Enzyme and Microbial Biochemistry Laboratory, Department of Chemistry, Indian Institute of Technology Delhi, New Delhi 110016, India
| | - Arun K Dangi
- Enzyme Technology and Protein Bioinformatics Laboratory, Department of Microbiology, Maharshi Dayanand University, Rohtak, India
| | - Pratyoosh Shukla
- Enzyme Technology and Protein Bioinformatics Laboratory, Department of Microbiology, Maharshi Dayanand University, Rohtak, India
| | - Debabrat Baishya
- Department of Bioengineering and Technology, Institute of Science and Technology, Gauhati University, Guwahati 781014, Assam, India
| | - Sunil K Khare
- Enzyme and Microbial Biochemistry Laboratory, Department of Chemistry, Indian Institute of Technology Delhi, New Delhi 110016, India.
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Intaramas K, Sakdaronnarong C, Liu CG, Mehmood MA, Jonglertjunya W, Laosiripojana N. Sequential catalytic-mixed-milling and thermohydrolysis of cassava starch improved ethanol fermentation. FOOD AND BIOPRODUCTS PROCESSING 2019. [DOI: 10.1016/j.fbp.2018.11.011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/22/2023]
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Siriwong T, Laimeheriwa B, Aini UN, Cahyanto MN, Reungsang A, Salakkam A. Cold hydrolysis of cassava pulp and its use in simultaneous saccharification and fermentation (SSF) process for ethanol fermentation. J Biotechnol 2019; 292:57-63. [PMID: 30690096 DOI: 10.1016/j.jbiotec.2019.01.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/27/2018] [Revised: 12/23/2018] [Accepted: 01/07/2019] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
Abstract
The present study investigated cold hydrolysis of cassava pulp (CP) and the use of cold hydrolysis with simultaneous saccharification and fermentation (SSF) for ethanol production. Cold hydrolysis of 100 g-CP/L at 50 °C for 2 h, followed by at 30 °C for 72 h resulted in the production of 71.5 ± 1.8 g/L of reducing sugar, with a yield of 0.72 g/g-CP. A mathematical model describing the cold hydrolysis process was subsequently developed. The model proved to be applicable for other cold hydrolysis systems with satisfactory results. The sequential process of cold hydrolysis at 50 °C for 2 h, followed by SSF at 30 °C for 72 h gave 27.4 g-ethanol/L, with a productivity of 0.37 g/(L h) and a fermentation efficiency of 57.58%. Based on the results, a bioconversion process for CP to ethanol was proposed. In this process, 1 kg of ethanol could be produced from 3.65 kg of CP without any nutrient supplementation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tanyaporn Siriwong
- Department of Biotechnology, Khon Kaen University, Khon Kaen, 40002 Thailand.
| | - Bustomi Laimeheriwa
- Department of Biotechnology, Khon Kaen University, Khon Kaen, 40002 Thailand; Department of Food and Agricultural Product Technology, Gadjah Mada University, Yogyakarta, Indonesia.
| | - Uyun Nurul Aini
- Department of Biotechnology, Khon Kaen University, Khon Kaen, 40002 Thailand; Department of Food and Agricultural Product Technology, Gadjah Mada University, Yogyakarta, Indonesia.
| | - Muhammad Nur Cahyanto
- Department of Food and Agricultural Product Technology, Gadjah Mada University, Yogyakarta, Indonesia.
| | - Alissara Reungsang
- Department of Biotechnology, Khon Kaen University, Khon Kaen, 40002 Thailand; Research Group for Development of Microbial Hydrogen Production Process from Biomass, Khon Kaen University, Khon Kaen, 40002, Thailand.
| | - Apilak Salakkam
- Department of Biotechnology, Khon Kaen University, Khon Kaen, 40002 Thailand.
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18
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Comparison of Cassava Starch with Corn as a Feedstock for Bioethanol Production. ENERGIES 2018. [DOI: 10.3390/en11123476] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
Cassava is a high potential feedstock for bioethanol production in Asian countries, primarily due to high yield of carbohydrate per unit land, and its ability to grow on marginal lands with minimal agrochemical requirements. The objective of this study was to compare the bioethanol production from cassava starch with corn starch using a conventional and a raw/granular starch hydrolyzing process (GSH). The fermentation performance of cassava starch was compared with three corn starch types with different amylose: Amylopectin ratios. The final ethanol concentration with cassava starch was similar to that of two corn starch types, dent corn and waxy corn for both processes. For the cassava starch, the ethanol concentration achieved with GSH process was 2.8% higher than that in the conventional process. Cassava starch yielded the highest fermentation rates of the four starches investigated, during the conventional process. Ethanol production and fermentation profiles comparable with corn, a widely used feedstock, makes cassava starch an attractive substrate for bioethanol production.
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19
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Agarose Hydrogel Beads: An Effective Approach to Improve the Catalytic Activity, Stability and Reusability of Fungal Amyloglucosidase of GH15 Family. Catal Letters 2018. [DOI: 10.1007/s10562-018-2460-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
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20
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Rigoldi F, Donini S, Redaelli A, Parisini E, Gautieri A. Review: Engineering of thermostable enzymes for industrial applications. APL Bioeng 2018; 2:011501. [PMID: 31069285 PMCID: PMC6481699 DOI: 10.1063/1.4997367] [Citation(s) in RCA: 155] [Impact Index Per Article: 25.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/24/2017] [Accepted: 11/14/2017] [Indexed: 01/19/2023] Open
Abstract
The catalytic properties of some selected enzymes have long been exploited to carry out efficient and cost-effective bioconversions in a multitude of research and industrial sectors, such as food, health, cosmetics, agriculture, chemistry, energy, and others. Nonetheless, for several applications, naturally occurring enzymes are not considered to be viable options owing to their limited stability in the required working conditions. Over the years, the quest for novel enzymes with actual potential for biotechnological applications has involved various complementary approaches such as mining enzyme variants from organisms living in extreme conditions (extremophiles), mimicking evolution in the laboratory to develop more stable enzyme variants, and more recently, using rational, computer-assisted enzyme engineering strategies. In this review, we provide an overview of the most relevant enzymes that are used for industrial applications and we discuss the strategies that are adopted to enhance enzyme stability and/or activity, along with some of the most relevant achievements. In all living species, many different enzymes catalyze fundamental chemical reactions with high substrate specificity and rate enhancements. Besides specificity, enzymes also possess many other favorable properties, such as, for instance, cost-effectiveness, good stability under mild pH and temperature conditions, generally low toxicity levels, and ease of termination of activity. As efficient natural biocatalysts, enzymes provide great opportunities to carry out important chemical reactions in several research and industrial settings, ranging from food to pharmaceutical, cosmetic, agricultural, and other crucial economic sectors.
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Affiliation(s)
- Federica Rigoldi
- Biomolecular Engineering Lab, Dipartimento di Elettronica, Informazione e Bioingegneria, Politecnico di Milano, Piazza Leonardo da Vinci 32, 20133 Milano, Italy
| | - Stefano Donini
- Center for Nano Science and Technology at Polimi, Istituto Italiano di Tecnologia, Via G. Pascoli 70/3, 20133 Milano, Italy
| | - Alberto Redaelli
- Biomolecular Engineering Lab, Dipartimento di Elettronica, Informazione e Bioingegneria, Politecnico di Milano, Piazza Leonardo da Vinci 32, 20133 Milano, Italy
| | - Emilio Parisini
- Center for Nano Science and Technology at Polimi, Istituto Italiano di Tecnologia, Via G. Pascoli 70/3, 20133 Milano, Italy
| | - Alfonso Gautieri
- Biomolecular Engineering Lab, Dipartimento di Elettronica, Informazione e Bioingegneria, Politecnico di Milano, Piazza Leonardo da Vinci 32, 20133 Milano, Italy
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Jain D, Katyal P. Optimization of gluco-amylase production from Aspergillus spp. for its use in saccharification of liquefied corn starch. 3 Biotech 2018; 8:101. [PMID: 29430363 DOI: 10.1007/s13205-018-1131-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/28/2017] [Accepted: 01/20/2018] [Indexed: 11/28/2022] Open
Abstract
Fungal gluco-amylase is required for the production of sugars from starchy substrates. Commercially available fungal gluco-amylase is quite costly which makes the process uneconomical. This study was undertaken to standardize physico-chemical parameters for optimum production of gluco-amylases from Aspergillus spp. Two fungal cultures, i.e., Aspergillus niger and Aspergillus terreus, were compared for gluco-amylase activity both under stationary and shake flask conditions. Among two fungal cultures, maximum gluco-amylase activity was shown by A. niger (243.09 U/ml) under stationary conditions as compared to A. terreus (126.34 U/ml). Gluco-amylase activity of A. niger increases by 42.48% from 243.09 to 346.35 U/ml after optimization using response surface methodology, whereby a substrate concentration of 7%, yeast extract 0.25%, temperature 32.5 °C and pH 5.5 were found to be optimum for gluco-amylase production. Crude enzyme was compared with commercial enzyme and it was found that when 500 U of Glucoamylase ex. Rhizopus were inoculated into starch-supplemented minimal media (SSMM) liquefied using 2 g of fungal diastase, it increases the reducing sugar concentration from 2.19 to 21.15 mg/ml and a saccharification efficiency of 77.7% was achieved, whereas 1.5 ml of crude enzyme (extracted from A. niger) was able to produce 14.46 mg/ml of reducing sugars with a saccharification efficiency of 53.2%.
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Affiliation(s)
- Deepali Jain
- Department of Microbiology, Punjab Agricultural University, Ludhiana, 141004 India
| | - Priya Katyal
- Department of Microbiology, Punjab Agricultural University, Ludhiana, 141004 India
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Catalytic Properties of Amylolytic Enzymes Produced by Gongronella butleri Using Agroindustrial Residues on Solid-State Fermentation. BIOMED RESEARCH INTERNATIONAL 2017; 2017:7507523. [PMID: 29376074 PMCID: PMC5742443 DOI: 10.1155/2017/7507523] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/16/2017] [Accepted: 11/09/2017] [Indexed: 11/18/2022]
Abstract
Amylases catalyze the hydrolysis of starch, a vegetable polysaccharide abundant in nature. These enzymes can be utilized in the production of syrups, alcohol, detergent, pharmaceutical products, and animal feed formulations. The aim of this study was to optimize the production of amylases by the filamentous fungus Gongronella butleri by solid-state fermentation and to evaluate the catalytic properties of the obtained enzymatic extract. The highest amylase production, 63.25 U g-1 (or 6.32 U mL-1), was obtained by culturing the fungus in wheat bran with 55% of initial moisture, cultivated for 96 h at 25°C. The enzyme presented optimum activity at pH 5.0 and 55°C. The amylase produced was stable in a wide pH range (3.5-9.5) and maintained its catalytic activity for 1 h at 40°C. Furthermore, the enzymatic extract hydrolyzed starches from different vegetable sources, presenting predominant dextrinizing activity for all substrates evaluated. However, the presence of glucose was observed in a higher concentration during hydrolysis of corn starch, indicating the synergistic action of endo- and exoamylases, which enables the application of this enzymatic extract to produce syrups from different starch sources.
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23
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24
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Zietsman AJ, Moore JP, Fangel JU, Willats WG, Vivier MA. Combining hydrothermal pretreatment with enzymes de-pectinates and exposes the innermost xyloglucan-rich hemicellulose layers of wine grape pomace. Food Chem 2017; 232:340-350. [DOI: 10.1016/j.foodchem.2017.04.015] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/06/2016] [Revised: 02/23/2017] [Accepted: 04/02/2017] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
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25
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Pervez S, Shahid F, Aman A, Qader SAU. Algal biomass: A sustainable, economical and renewable approach for microbial production of pectinolytic enzymes using submerged and solid state fermentation techniques. BIOCATAL BIOTRANSFOR 2017. [DOI: 10.1080/10242422.2017.1364731] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/19/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Sidra Pervez
- Department of Biochemistry, Jinnah University for Women, Karachi, Pakistan
| | - Faiza Shahid
- The Karachi Institute of Biotechnology and Genetic Engineering (KIBGE), University of Karachi, Karachi, Pakistan
| | - Afsheen Aman
- The Karachi Institute of Biotechnology and Genetic Engineering (KIBGE), University of Karachi, Karachi, Pakistan
| | - Shah Ali Ul Qader
- Department of Biochemistry, University of Karachi, Karachi, Pakistan
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Pereira C, Resende J, Guerra E, Lima V, Martins M, Knob A. Enzymatic conversion of sweet potato granular starch into fermentable sugars: Feasibility of sweet potato peel as alternative substrate for α-amylase production. BIOCATALYSIS AND AGRICULTURAL BIOTECHNOLOGY 2017. [DOI: 10.1016/j.bcab.2017.07.011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/30/2022]
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Characterization of a thermophilic cellulase from Geobacillus sp. HTA426, an efficient cellulase-producer on alkali pretreated of lignocellulosic biomass. PLoS One 2017; 12:e0175004. [PMID: 28406925 PMCID: PMC5390992 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0175004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/04/2016] [Accepted: 03/17/2017] [Indexed: 11/19/2022] Open
Abstract
A themophilic cellulase-producing bacterium was isolated from a hot spring district and identified as Geobacillus sp. HTA426. The cellulase enzyme produced by the Geobacillus sp. HTA426 was purified through ammonium sulfate precipitation and ion exchange chromatography, with the recovery yield and fold purification of 10.14% and 5.12, respectively. The purified cellulase has a molecular weight of 40 kDa. The optimum temperature and pH for carboxymethyl cellulase (CMCase) activity of the purified cellulase were 60°C and pH 7.0, respectively. The enzyme was also stable over a wide temperature range of 50°C to 70°C after 5 h of incubation. Moreover, the strain HTA426 was able to grow and produce cellulase on alkali-treated sugarcane bagasse, rice straw and water hyacinth as carbon sources. Enzymatic hydrolysis of sugarcane bagasse, which was regarded as the most effective carbon source for cellulase production (CMCase activity = 103.67 U/mL), followed by rice straw (74.70 U/mL) and water hyacinth (51.10 U/mL). This strain producing an efficient thermostable cellulose is a potential candidate for developing a more efficient and cost-effective process for converting lignocellulosic biomass into biofuel and other industrial process.
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Pervez S, Aman A, Ul Qader SA. Role of two polysaccharide matrices on activity, stability and recycling efficiency of immobilized fungal amyloglucosidase of GH15 family. Int J Biol Macromol 2017; 96:70-77. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ijbiomac.2016.12.023] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/30/2016] [Revised: 11/11/2016] [Accepted: 12/05/2016] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
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Ayodeji AO, Bamidele OS, Kolawole AO, Ajele JO. Physicochemical and kinetic properties of a high salt tolerant Aspergillus flavus glucoamylase. BIOCATALYSIS AND AGRICULTURAL BIOTECHNOLOGY 2017. [DOI: 10.1016/j.bcab.2016.11.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/20/2022]
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Pirwitz K, Rihko-Struckmann L, Sundmacher K. Valorization of the aqueous phase obtained from hydrothermally treated Dunaliella salina remnant biomass. BIORESOURCE TECHNOLOGY 2016; 219:64-71. [PMID: 27475332 DOI: 10.1016/j.biortech.2016.06.095] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/15/2016] [Revised: 06/20/2016] [Accepted: 06/24/2016] [Indexed: 06/06/2023]
Abstract
Up to 90% of Dunaliella salina biomass remains unused after extraction of the main product β-carotene. The potential of mild hydrothermal liquefaction (HTL) to exploit this biomass as a source of valuable by-products was assessed. The results indicate that 80% of the remnant was converted into glucose by mild HTL (100°C, 0min). The recovered glucose was successfully used as a carbon source to cultivate biotechnologically relevant microorganisms, namely Chlorella vulgaris, Escherichia coli and Saccharomyces cerevisiae. Furthermore, the analysis of energy demand and operating costs confirms the beneficial effect of mild liquefaction on the overall process economics of algal β-carotene production.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kristin Pirwitz
- Max Planck Institute for Dynamics of Complex Technical Systems, Process Systems Engineering, Sandtorstr. 1, 39106 Magdeburg, Germany
| | - Liisa Rihko-Struckmann
- Max Planck Institute for Dynamics of Complex Technical Systems, Process Systems Engineering, Sandtorstr. 1, 39106 Magdeburg, Germany.
| | - Kai Sundmacher
- Max Planck Institute for Dynamics of Complex Technical Systems, Process Systems Engineering, Sandtorstr. 1, 39106 Magdeburg, Germany; Otto-von-Guericke-University Magdeburg, Process Systems Engineering, Universitätsplatz 2, 39106 Magdeburg, Germany
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Sugar Beet Pulp as Leuconostoc mesenteroides T3 Support for Enhanced Dextransucrase Production on Molasses. Appl Biochem Biotechnol 2016; 180:1016-1027. [PMID: 27287996 DOI: 10.1007/s12010-016-2149-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/12/2016] [Accepted: 05/25/2016] [Indexed: 10/21/2022]
Abstract
Sugar beet pulp (SBP) and molasses, as an agro industrial waste material, are produced in large amounts annually. Thus, a major challenge nowadays is to develop procedures that could increase the value of the generated waste. In this study, SBP as a support for cell immobilization and molasses as a source of nutrients were used for a dextransucrase (DS) production by Leuconostoc mesenteroides T3. The influence of SBP in native form (SBP-N) and after treatment with NaOH (SBP-NaOH) on DS production was investigated. The optimal medium composition for the maximum DS production was determined by varying the concentration of molasses, SBP, and sucrose. The maximum DS yield of 2.02 U/ml was obtained in the medium with 2.5 % of molasses, 2.5 % SBP-NaOH, and 4 % of sucrose concentration. Scanning electron microscopy (SEM) showed immobilization of Lc. mesenteroides T3 cells onto SBP-NaOH. According to the obtained results, the production of DS on molasses could be improved by using NaOH-treated SBP as a carrier for whole-cell immobilization. Our study reveals the basis for the development of process for DS production with additional reduction of expenses by using waste materials for obtaining the valuable biotechnological product.
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Chintagunta AD, Jacob S, Banerjee R. Integrated bioethanol and biomanure production from potato waste. WASTE MANAGEMENT (NEW YORK, N.Y.) 2016; 49:320-325. [PMID: 26316099 DOI: 10.1016/j.wasman.2015.08.010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/01/2015] [Revised: 07/23/2015] [Accepted: 08/10/2015] [Indexed: 06/04/2023]
Abstract
Disposal of potato processing waste and the problem of pollution associated with it is a vital issue that is being faced by the potato processing plants. The conventional peeling methods presently followed in the processing plants for removing the potato peel, also result in the loss of some portion of the mash which is rich in starch. Indiscriminate discharge of the waste causes detrimental effects in the environment, so this problem can be resolved by successful utilization of the waste for the generation of value added products. Hence, the present work focuses on integrated production of bioethanol and biomanure to utilize the waste completely leading to zero waste generation. The first part of the work describes a comparative study of ethanol production from potato peel and mash wastes by employing co-culture of Aspergillus niger and Saccharomyces cerevisiae at various incubation time (24-120 h) instead of application of enzymes. The solid state fermentation of potato peel and mash inoculated with co-culture, resulted in bioethanol production of 6.18% (v/v) and 9.30% (v/v) respectively. In the second part of the work, the residue obtained after ethanol production was inoculated with seven different microorganisms (Nostoc muscorum, Fischerella muscicola, Anabaena variabilis, Aulosira fertilissima, Cylindrospermum muscicola, Azospirillium lipoferum, Azotobacter chroococcum) and mixture of all the organisms in equal ratio for nitrogen (N), phosphorous (P) and potassium (K) enrichment. Among them, A. variabilis was found to enrich N, P and K content of the residue by nearly 7.66, 21.66 and 15 fold than that of the initial content, ultimately leading to improved N:P:K ratio of approximately 2:1:1. The application of simultaneous saccharification and fermentation (SSF) for the conversion of potato waste to ethanol and enrichment of residue obtained after ethanol production with microorganisms to be used as manure envisages environmental sustainability.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anjani Devi Chintagunta
- Advanced Technology Development Centre, Indian Institute of Technology, Kharagpur 721302, West Bengal, India
| | - Samuel Jacob
- Agricultural & Food Engineering Department, Indian Institute of Technology, Kharagpur 721302, West Bengal, India
| | - Rintu Banerjee
- Agricultural & Food Engineering Department, Indian Institute of Technology, Kharagpur 721302, West Bengal, India.
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Analysis on evolutionary relationship of amylases from archaea, bacteria and eukaryota. World J Microbiol Biotechnol 2016; 32:24. [PMID: 26745984 PMCID: PMC4706583 DOI: 10.1007/s11274-015-1979-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/03/2015] [Accepted: 11/16/2015] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Abstract
Amylase is one of the earliest characterized enzymes and has many applications in clinical and industrial settings. In biotechnological industries, the amylase activity is enhanced through modifying amylase structure and through cloning and expressing targeted amylases in different species. It is important to understand how engineered amylases can survive from generation to generation. This study used phylogenetic and statistical approaches to explore general patterns of amylases evolution, including 3118 α-amylases and 280 β-amylases from archaea, eukaryota and bacteria with fully documented taxonomic lineage. First, the phylogenetic tree was created to analyze the evolution of amylases with focus on individual amylases used in biofuel industry. Second, the average pairwise p-distance was computed for each kingdom, phylum, class, order, family and genus, and its diversity implies multi-time and multi-clan evolution. Finally, the variance was further partitioned into inter-clan variance and intra-clan variance for each taxonomic group, and they represent horizontal and vertical gene transfer. Theoretically, the results show a full picture on the evolution of amylases in manners of vertical and horizontal gene transfer, and multi-time and multi-clan evolution as well. Practically, this study provides the information on the surviving chance of desired amylase in a given taxonomic group, which may potentially enhance the successful rate of cloning and expression of amylase gene in different species.
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Jang SW, Kim JS, Park JB, Jung JH, Park CS, Shin WC, Ha SJ. Characterization of the starch degradation activity from newly isolated Rhizopus oryzae WCS-1 and mixed cultures with Saccharomyces cerevisiae for efficient ethanol production from starch. Food Sci Biotechnol 2015. [DOI: 10.1007/s10068-015-0235-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/23/2022] Open
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Barman D, Dkhar MS. Amylolytic activity and its parametric optimization of an endophytic bacterium Bacillus subtilis with an ethno-medicinal origin. Biologia (Bratisl) 2015. [DOI: 10.1515/biolog-2015-0047] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/15/2022]
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