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Budden KF, Shukla SD, Bowerman KL, Vaughan A, Gellatly SL, Wood DLA, Lachner N, Idrees S, Rehman SF, Faiz A, Patel VK, Donovan C, Alemao CA, Shen S, Amorim N, Majumder R, Vanka KS, Mason J, Haw TJ, Tillet B, Fricker M, Keely S, Hansbro N, Belz GT, Horvat J, Ashhurst T, van Vreden C, McGuire H, Fazekas de St Groth B, King NJC, Crossett B, Cordwell SJ, Bonaguro L, Schultze JL, Hamilton-Williams EE, Mann E, Forster SC, Cooper MA, Segal LN, Chotirmall SH, Collins P, Bowman R, Fong KM, Yang IA, Wark PAB, Dennis PG, Hugenholtz P, Hansbro PM. Faecal microbial transfer and complex carbohydrates mediate protection against COPD. Gut 2024; 73:751-769. [PMID: 38331563 DOI: 10.1136/gutjnl-2023-330521] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/18/2023] [Accepted: 01/08/2024] [Indexed: 02/10/2024]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE Chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) is a major cause of global illness and death, most commonly caused by cigarette smoke. The mechanisms of pathogenesis remain poorly understood, limiting the development of effective therapies. The gastrointestinal microbiome has been implicated in chronic lung diseases via the gut-lung axis, but its role is unclear. DESIGN Using an in vivo mouse model of cigarette smoke (CS)-induced COPD and faecal microbial transfer (FMT), we characterised the faecal microbiota using metagenomics, proteomics and metabolomics. Findings were correlated with airway and systemic inflammation, lung and gut histopathology and lung function. Complex carbohydrates were assessed in mice using a high resistant starch diet, and in 16 patients with COPD using a randomised, double-blind, placebo-controlled pilot study of inulin supplementation. RESULTS FMT alleviated hallmark features of COPD (inflammation, alveolar destruction, impaired lung function), gastrointestinal pathology and systemic immune changes. Protective effects were additive to smoking cessation, and transfer of CS-associated microbiota after antibiotic-induced microbiome depletion was sufficient to increase lung inflammation while suppressing colonic immunity in the absence of CS exposure. Disease features correlated with the relative abundance of Muribaculaceae, Desulfovibrionaceae and Lachnospiraceae family members. Proteomics and metabolomics identified downregulation of glucose and starch metabolism in CS-associated microbiota, and supplementation of mice or human patients with complex carbohydrates improved disease outcomes. CONCLUSION The gut microbiome contributes to COPD pathogenesis and can be targeted therapeutically.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kurtis F Budden
- Priority Research Centre for Healthy Lungs and Immune Health Research Program, The University of Newcastle and Hunter Medical Research Institute, Newcastle, NSW, Australia
| | - Shakti D Shukla
- Priority Research Centre for Healthy Lungs and Immune Health Research Program, The University of Newcastle and Hunter Medical Research Institute, Newcastle, NSW, Australia
| | - Kate L Bowerman
- School of Chemistry and Molecular Biosciences, Australian Centre for Ecogenomics, The University of Queensland, Brisbane, QLD, Australia
| | - Annalicia Vaughan
- Centre for Inflammation, Centenary Institute, Sydney, NSW, Australia
- School of Life Sciences, Faculty of Science, University of Technology Sydney, Sydney, NSW, Australia
- UQ Thoracic Research Centre, Faculty of Medicine, The University of Queensland, Brisbane, QLD, Australia
- Department of Thoracic Medicine, The Prince Charles Hospital, Chermside, QLD, Australia
| | - Shaan L Gellatly
- Priority Research Centre for Healthy Lungs and Immune Health Research Program, The University of Newcastle and Hunter Medical Research Institute, Newcastle, NSW, Australia
| | - David L A Wood
- School of Chemistry and Molecular Biosciences, Australian Centre for Ecogenomics, The University of Queensland, Brisbane, QLD, Australia
| | - Nancy Lachner
- School of Chemistry and Molecular Biosciences, Australian Centre for Ecogenomics, The University of Queensland, Brisbane, QLD, Australia
| | - Sobia Idrees
- Centre for Inflammation, Centenary Institute, Sydney, NSW, Australia
- School of Life Sciences, Faculty of Science, University of Technology Sydney, Sydney, NSW, Australia
| | - Saima Firdous Rehman
- Priority Research Centre for Healthy Lungs and Immune Health Research Program, The University of Newcastle and Hunter Medical Research Institute, Newcastle, NSW, Australia
- Centre for Inflammation, Centenary Institute, Sydney, NSW, Australia
- School of Life Sciences, Faculty of Science, University of Technology Sydney, Sydney, NSW, Australia
| | - Alen Faiz
- Respiratory Bioinformatics and Molecular Biology, School of Life Sciences, University of Technology Sydney, Sydney, NSW, Australia
| | - Vyoma K Patel
- Centre for Inflammation, Centenary Institute, Sydney, NSW, Australia
- School of Life Sciences, Faculty of Science, University of Technology Sydney, Sydney, NSW, Australia
| | - Chantal Donovan
- Priority Research Centre for Healthy Lungs and Immune Health Research Program, The University of Newcastle and Hunter Medical Research Institute, Newcastle, NSW, Australia
- School of Life Sciences, Faculty of Science, University of Technology Sydney, Sydney, NSW, Australia
| | - Charlotte A Alemao
- Priority Research Centre for Healthy Lungs and Immune Health Research Program, The University of Newcastle and Hunter Medical Research Institute, Newcastle, NSW, Australia
| | - Sj Shen
- Centre for Inflammation, Centenary Institute, Sydney, NSW, Australia
- School of Life Sciences, Faculty of Science, University of Technology Sydney, Sydney, NSW, Australia
| | - Nadia Amorim
- Centre for Inflammation, Centenary Institute, Sydney, NSW, Australia
- School of Life Sciences, Faculty of Science, University of Technology Sydney, Sydney, NSW, Australia
| | - Rajib Majumder
- Centre for Inflammation, Centenary Institute, Sydney, NSW, Australia
- School of Life Sciences, Faculty of Science, University of Technology Sydney, Sydney, NSW, Australia
| | - Kanth S Vanka
- Priority Research Centre for Healthy Lungs and Immune Health Research Program, The University of Newcastle and Hunter Medical Research Institute, Newcastle, NSW, Australia
| | - Jazz Mason
- Priority Research Centre for Healthy Lungs and Immune Health Research Program, The University of Newcastle and Hunter Medical Research Institute, Newcastle, NSW, Australia
| | - Tatt Jhong Haw
- Priority Research Centre for Healthy Lungs and Immune Health Research Program, The University of Newcastle and Hunter Medical Research Institute, Newcastle, NSW, Australia
| | - Bree Tillet
- Frazer Institute, University of Queensland, Woolloongabba, QLD, Australia
| | - Michael Fricker
- Priority Research Centre for Healthy Lungs and Immune Health Research Program, The University of Newcastle and Hunter Medical Research Institute, Newcastle, NSW, Australia
| | - Simon Keely
- Priority Research Centre for Healthy Lungs and Immune Health Research Program, The University of Newcastle and Hunter Medical Research Institute, Newcastle, NSW, Australia
| | - Nicole Hansbro
- Centre for Inflammation, Centenary Institute, Sydney, NSW, Australia
- School of Life Sciences, Faculty of Science, University of Technology Sydney, Sydney, NSW, Australia
| | - Gabrielle T Belz
- Frazer Institute, University of Queensland, Woolloongabba, QLD, Australia
| | - Jay Horvat
- Priority Research Centre for Healthy Lungs and Immune Health Research Program, The University of Newcastle and Hunter Medical Research Institute, Newcastle, NSW, Australia
| | - Thomas Ashhurst
- Sydney Cytometry, Charles Perkins Centre, Centenary Institute and The University of Sydney, Sydney, NSW, Australia
- Marie Bashir Institute for Infectious Diseases and Biosecurity, The University of Sydney, Sydney, NSW, Australia
| | - Caryn van Vreden
- Sydney Cytometry, Charles Perkins Centre, Centenary Institute and The University of Sydney, Sydney, NSW, Australia
- Ramaciotti Facility for Human Systems Biology, Charles Perkins Centre and The University of Sydney, Sydney, NSW, Australia
| | - Helen McGuire
- Ramaciotti Facility for Human Systems Biology, Charles Perkins Centre and The University of Sydney, Sydney, NSW, Australia
| | - Barbara Fazekas de St Groth
- Ramaciotti Facility for Human Systems Biology, Charles Perkins Centre and The University of Sydney, Sydney, NSW, Australia
| | - Nicholas J C King
- Sydney Cytometry, Charles Perkins Centre, Centenary Institute and The University of Sydney, Sydney, NSW, Australia
- Marie Bashir Institute for Infectious Diseases and Biosecurity, The University of Sydney, Sydney, NSW, Australia
- Ramaciotti Facility for Human Systems Biology, Charles Perkins Centre and The University of Sydney, Sydney, NSW, Australia
- Discipline of Pathology, Faculty of Medicine and Health, School of Medical Sciences, The University of Sydney, Sydney, NSW, Australia
| | - Ben Crossett
- Sydney Mass Spectrometry, The University of Sydney, Sydney, NSW, Australia
| | - Stuart J Cordwell
- Sydney Mass Spectrometry, The University of Sydney, Sydney, NSW, Australia
- School of Life and Environmental Sciences, Charles Perkins Centre and The University of Sydney, Sydney, NSW, Australia
| | - Lorenzo Bonaguro
- Systems Medicine, Deutsches Zentrum für Neurodegenerative Erkrankungen (DZNE), Bonn, Germany
- Genomics and Immunoregulation, Life & Medical Sciences (LIMES) Institute, University of Bonn, Bonn, Germany
| | - Joachim L Schultze
- Systems Medicine, Deutsches Zentrum für Neurodegenerative Erkrankungen (DZNE), Bonn, Germany
- Genomics and Immunoregulation, Life & Medical Sciences (LIMES) Institute, University of Bonn, Bonn, Germany
- PRECISE Platform for Single Cell Genomics and Epigenomics, Deutsches Zentrum für Neurodegenerative Erkrankungen (DZNE) and the University of Bonn, Bonn, Germany
| | | | - Elizabeth Mann
- Lydia Becker Institute of Immunology and Inflammation, University of Manchester, Manchester, UK
| | - Samuel C Forster
- Centre for Innate Immunity and Infectious Diseases and Department of Molecular and Translational Science, Hudson Institute of Medical Research and Monash University, Melbourne, VIC, Australia
| | - Matthew A Cooper
- Institute for Molecular Bioscience, The University of Queensland, Brisbane, QLD, Australia
| | - Leopoldo N Segal
- Division of Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, Laura and Isaac Perlmutter Cancer Center, New York University Grossman School of Medicine, NYU Langone Health, New York, NY, USA
| | - Sanjay H Chotirmall
- Lee Kong Chian School of Medicine, Translational Respiratory Research Laboratory, Singapore
| | - Peter Collins
- Mater Research Institute, Faculty of Medicine, University of Queensland, Brisbane, QLD, Australia
- Department of Dietetics & Food Services, Mater Hospital, Brisbane, QLD, Australia
| | - Rayleen Bowman
- UQ Thoracic Research Centre, Faculty of Medicine, The University of Queensland, Brisbane, QLD, Australia
- Department of Thoracic Medicine, The Prince Charles Hospital, Chermside, QLD, Australia
| | - Kwun M Fong
- UQ Thoracic Research Centre, Faculty of Medicine, The University of Queensland, Brisbane, QLD, Australia
- Department of Thoracic Medicine, The Prince Charles Hospital, Chermside, QLD, Australia
| | - Ian A Yang
- UQ Thoracic Research Centre, Faculty of Medicine, The University of Queensland, Brisbane, QLD, Australia
- Department of Thoracic Medicine, The Prince Charles Hospital, Chermside, QLD, Australia
| | - Peter A B Wark
- Priority Research Centre for Healthy Lungs and Immune Health Research Program, The University of Newcastle and Hunter Medical Research Institute, Newcastle, NSW, Australia
| | - Paul G Dennis
- School of Earth and Environmental Sciences, The University of Queensland, Brisbane, QLD, Australia
| | - Philip Hugenholtz
- School of Chemistry and Molecular Biosciences, Australian Centre for Ecogenomics, The University of Queensland, Brisbane, QLD, Australia
| | - Philip M Hansbro
- Priority Research Centre for Healthy Lungs and Immune Health Research Program, The University of Newcastle and Hunter Medical Research Institute, Newcastle, NSW, Australia
- Centre for Inflammation, Centenary Institute, Sydney, NSW, Australia
- School of Life Sciences, Faculty of Science, University of Technology Sydney, Sydney, NSW, Australia
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Gress C, Litzenburger T, Schmid R, Xiao K, Heissig F, Muller M, Gupta A, Hohlfeld JM. Transcriptomic characterization of the human segmental endotoxin challenge model. Sci Rep 2024; 14:1721. [PMID: 38242945 PMCID: PMC10798985 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-024-51547-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/04/2023] [Accepted: 01/06/2024] [Indexed: 01/21/2024] Open
Abstract
Segmental instillation of lipopolysaccharide (LPS) by bronchoscopy safely induces transient airway inflammation in human lungs. This model enables investigation of pulmonary inflammatory mechanisms as well as pharmacodynamic analysis of investigational drugs. The aim of this work was to describe the transcriptomic profile of human segmental LPS challenge with contextualization to major respiratory diseases. Pre-challenge bronchoalveolar lavage (BAL) fluid and biopsies were sampled from 28 smoking, healthy participants, followed by segmental instillation of LPS and saline as control. Twenty-four hours post instillation, BAL and biopsies were collected from challenged lung segments. Total RNA of cells from BAL and biopsy samples were sequenced and analysed for differentially expressed genes (DEGs). After challenge with LPS compared with saline, 6316 DEGs were upregulated and 241 were downregulated in BAL, but only one DEG was downregulated in biopsy samples. Upregulated DEGs in BAL were related to molecular functions such as "Inflammatory response" or "chemokine receptor activity", and upregulated pro-inflammatory pathways such as "Wnt-"/"Ras-"/"JAK-STAT" "-signaling pathway". Furthermore, the segmental LPS challenge model resembled aspects of the five most prevalent respiratory diseases chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD), asthma, pneumonia, tuberculosis and lung cancer and featured similarities with acute exacerbations in COPD (AECOPD) and community-acquired pneumonia. Overall, our study provides extensive information about the transcriptomic profile from BAL cells and mucosal biopsies following LPS challenge in healthy smokers. It expands the knowledge about the LPS challenge model providing potential overlap with respiratory diseases in general and infection-triggered respiratory insults such as AECOPD in particular.
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Affiliation(s)
- Christina Gress
- Fraunhofer Institute for Toxicology and Experimental Medicine ITEM, Clinical Airway Research, 30625, Hannover, Germany
- German Center for Lung Research (DZL-BREATH), Hannover, Germany
| | | | - Ramona Schmid
- Boehringer Ingelheim Pharma GmbH & Co. KG, Biberach an der Riss, Germany
| | - Ke Xiao
- Fraunhofer Institute for Toxicology and Experimental Medicine ITEM, Clinical Airway Research, 30625, Hannover, Germany
| | - Florian Heissig
- Boehringer Ingelheim Pharma GmbH & Co. KG, Biberach an der Riss, Germany
| | - Meike Muller
- Fraunhofer Institute for Toxicology and Experimental Medicine ITEM, Clinical Airway Research, 30625, Hannover, Germany
- German Center for Lung Research (DZL-BREATH), Hannover, Germany
| | - Abhya Gupta
- Boehringer Ingelheim International GmbH, Biberach an der Riss, Germany
| | - Jens M Hohlfeld
- Fraunhofer Institute for Toxicology and Experimental Medicine ITEM, Clinical Airway Research, 30625, Hannover, Germany.
- German Center for Lung Research (DZL-BREATH), Hannover, Germany.
- Hannover Medical School, Department of Respiratory Medicine and Infectious Disease, Hannover, Germany.
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Gress C, Vogel-Claussen J, Badorrek P, Müller M, Hohl K, Konietzke M, Litzenburger T, Seibold W, Gupta A, Hohlfeld JM. The effect of bradykinin 1 receptor antagonist BI 1026706 on pulmonary inflammation after segmental lipopolysaccharide challenge in healthy smokers. Pulm Pharmacol Ther 2023; 82:102246. [PMID: 37562641 DOI: 10.1016/j.pupt.2023.102246] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/28/2023] [Revised: 05/25/2023] [Accepted: 08/07/2023] [Indexed: 08/12/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Bradykinin 1 receptor (B1R) signalling pathways may be involved in the inflammatory pathophysiology of chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD). B1R signalling is induced by inflammatory stimuli or tissue injury and leads to activation and increased migration of pro-inflammatory cells. Lipopolysaccharide (LPS) lung challenge in man is an experimental method of exploring inflammation in the lung whereby interference in these pathways can help to assess pharmacologic interventions in COPD. BI 1026706, a potent B1R antagonist, was hypothesized to reduce the inflammatory activity after segmental lipopolysaccharide (LPS) challenge in humans due to decreased pulmonary cell influx. METHODS In a monocentric, randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled, parallel-group, phase I trial, 57 healthy, smoking subjects were treated for 28 days with either oral BI 1026706 100 mg bid or placebo. At day 21, turbo-inversion recovery magnitude magnetic resonance imaging (TIRM MRI) was performed. On the last day of treatment, pre-challenge bronchoalveolar lavage fluid (BAL) and biopsies were sampled, followed by segmental LPS challenge (40 endotoxin units/kg body weight) and saline control instillation in different lung lobes. Twenty-four hours later, TIRM MRI was performed, then BAL and biopsies were collected from the challenged segments. In BAL samples, cells were differentiated for neutrophil numbers as the primary endpoint. Other endpoints included assessment of safety, biomarkers in BAL (e.g. interleukin-8 [IL-8], albumin and total protein), B1R expression in lung biopsies and TIRM score by MRI as a measure for the extent of pulmonary oedema. RESULTS After LPS, but not after saline, high numbers of inflammatory cells, predominantly neutrophils were observed in the airways. IL-8, albumin and total protein were also increased in BAL samples after LPS challenge as compared with saline control. There were no significant differences in cells or other biomarkers from BAL in volunteers treated with BI 1026706 compared with those treated with placebo. Unexpectedly, neutrophil numbers in BAL were 30% higher and MRI-derived extent of oedema was significantly higher with BI 1026706 treatment compared with placebo, 24 h after LPS challenge. Adverse events were mainly mild to moderate and not different between treatment groups. CONCLUSIONS Treatment with BI 1026706 for four weeks was safe and well-tolerated in healthy smoking subjects. BI 1026706 100 mg bid did not provide evidence for anti-inflammatory effects in the human bronchial LPS challenge model. TRIAL REGISTRATION The study was registered on January 14, 2016 at ClinicalTrials.gov (NCT02657408).
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Affiliation(s)
- Christina Gress
- Clinical Airway Research, Fraunhofer Institute for Toxicology and Experimental Medicine, Hannover, Germany; German Center for Lung Research (BREATH), Hannover, Germany
| | - Jens Vogel-Claussen
- German Center for Lung Research (BREATH), Hannover, Germany; Department of Diagnostic and Interventional Radiology, Hannover Medical School, Germany
| | - Philipp Badorrek
- Clinical Airway Research, Fraunhofer Institute for Toxicology and Experimental Medicine, Hannover, Germany
| | - Meike Müller
- Clinical Airway Research, Fraunhofer Institute for Toxicology and Experimental Medicine, Hannover, Germany; German Center for Lung Research (BREATH), Hannover, Germany
| | - Kathrin Hohl
- Boehringer Ingelheim Pharma GmbH & Co. KG, Biberach, Germany
| | | | | | | | - Abhya Gupta
- Boehringer Ingelheim International GmbH, Biberach, Germany
| | - Jens M Hohlfeld
- Clinical Airway Research, Fraunhofer Institute for Toxicology and Experimental Medicine, Hannover, Germany; German Center for Lung Research (BREATH), Hannover, Germany; Department of Respiratory Medicine, Hannover Medical School, Germany.
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Kotlyarov S. The Role of Smoking in the Mechanisms of Development of Chronic Obstructive Pulmonary Disease and Atherosclerosis. Int J Mol Sci 2023; 24:ijms24108725. [PMID: 37240069 DOI: 10.3390/ijms24108725] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/16/2023] [Revised: 05/05/2023] [Accepted: 05/11/2023] [Indexed: 05/28/2023] Open
Abstract
Tobacco smoking is a major cause of chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) and atherosclerotic cardiovascular disease (ASCVD). These diseases share common pathogenesis and significantly influence each other's clinical presentation and prognosis. There is increasing evidence that the mechanisms underlying the comorbidity of COPD and ASCVD are complex and multifactorial. Smoking-induced systemic inflammation, impaired endothelial function and oxidative stress may contribute to the development and progression of both diseases. The components present in tobacco smoke can have adverse effects on various cellular functions, including macrophages and endothelial cells. Smoking may also affect the innate immune system, impair apoptosis, and promote oxidative stress in the respiratory and vascular systems. The purpose of this review is to discuss the importance of smoking in the mechanisms underlying the comorbid course of COPD and ASCVD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Stanislav Kotlyarov
- Department of Nursing, Ryazan State Medical University, 390026 Ryazan, Russia
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Dolah S, Mohd Adnan M, Abd Rahman N. Towards Healthy Adolescents: A Review of Smoking Impact According to Dental Perspectives. JANUARY 2023 2023; 19:316-324. [DOI: 10.47836/mjmhs.19.1.40] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 09/02/2023]
Abstract
Nowadays, tobacco companies target to recruit new smokers among adolescents due to this age group was easy to be influenced by smoking behaviours. This narrative review aimed to explore the possible impact of smoking among adolescents. Knowing the negative impacts of smoking might result in avoiding continuing the habit or preventing from initiation of the habit. The literature search on PubMed, SCOPUS, and Epistemonikos database with related search terms of “adolescents”, “smoking” and “impact”. Only papers published within the year 2017 to 2021 and in the English language were included. However, articles without full text were excluded from this review. Fourteen articles were selected and divided impacts into three categories which are effect on oral health, effect on general health and other impacts. Possible impacts of smoking among adolescents were identified, and it could be beneficial in the development of customized smoking prevention or smoking cessation intervention for adolescents.
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Malayil L, Chattopadhyay S, Bui A, Panse M, Cagle R, Mongodin EF, Sapkota AR. Viable bacteria abundant in cigarettes are aerosolized in mainstream smoke. ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH 2022; 212:113462. [PMID: 35580667 DOI: 10.1016/j.envres.2022.113462] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/18/2021] [Revised: 04/29/2022] [Accepted: 05/07/2022] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Abstract
Multiple studies have demonstrated that cigarettes harbor bacterial pathogens. Yet, to our knowledge, there are no published data to date on whether or not these microorganisms can be aerosolized and transmitted to the respiratory tract of users. To address this knowledge gap, we characterized cigarette bacterial communities and evaluated whether or not they could be aerosolized in mainstream smoke. Filtered and unfiltered cigarettes were tested. Non-smoked tobacco leaf, enriched non-smoked tobacco leaf extract and enriched mainstream smoke extract samples (n = 144) were incubated on trypticase soy agar, and resulting bacterial colonies were sequenced. Total DNA was also extracted, followed by PCR amplification of the 16S rRNA gene, sequencing and analysis using UCHIME, QIIME and R packages. The predominant bacterial genera cultured from the mainstream smoke of unfiltered cigarettes were Bacillus, Terribacillus, Paenibacillus and Desulfotomaculum. Culturable bacteria were not recovered from the smoke of filtered products. However, sequencing data demonstrated no significant differences in bacterial community diversity in the smoke of filtered versus unfiltered cigarettes, suggesting that other non-culturable bacteria may be aerosolized in mainstream smoke as well. Our study provides novel evidence that tobacco-associated bacterial communities are viable, can be aerosolized in mainstream smoke, and could potentially be transferred to the oral cavity and respiratory tract of smokers.
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Affiliation(s)
- Leena Malayil
- Maryland Institute for Applied Environmental Health, University of Maryland School of Public Health, College Park, MD, USA
| | - Suhana Chattopadhyay
- Maryland Institute for Applied Environmental Health, University of Maryland School of Public Health, College Park, MD, USA
| | - Anthony Bui
- Maryland Institute for Applied Environmental Health, University of Maryland School of Public Health, College Park, MD, USA
| | - Mansi Panse
- Maryland Institute for Applied Environmental Health, University of Maryland School of Public Health, College Park, MD, USA
| | - Robin Cagle
- Maryland Institute for Applied Environmental Health, University of Maryland School of Public Health, College Park, MD, USA
| | - Emmanuel F Mongodin
- Institute for Genome Sciences, University of Maryland School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, USA
| | - Amy R Sapkota
- Maryland Institute for Applied Environmental Health, University of Maryland School of Public Health, College Park, MD, USA.
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The functions of CD4 T-helper lymphocytes in chronic obstructive pulmonary disease. Acta Biochim Biophys Sin (Shanghai) 2021; 54:173-178. [PMID: 35130627 PMCID: PMC9827934 DOI: 10.3724/abbs.2021009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) has been increasingly accounted for global morbidity and mortality worldwide. Although it is partially reversible, the obstructive ventilatory schema of COPD often causes chronic inflammation that primarily affects peripheral airways, pulmonary parenchyma, and the development of lung lymphoid follicles. Among various T-helper (Th) cell types associated with COPD, Th1, Th2 and Th17 cell numbers are increased in COPD patients, whereas Treg cell number is reduced. Here, we reviewed recent advance in understanding the roles of Th1/Th2 and Th17/Treg in the pathogenesis of COPD and discussed the potential underlying mechanism.
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Ghura S, Gross R, Jordan-Sciutto K, Dubroff J, Schnoll R, Collman RG, Ashare RL. Bidirectional Associations among Nicotine and Tobacco Smoke, NeuroHIV, and Antiretroviral Therapy. J Neuroimmune Pharmacol 2019; 15:694-714. [PMID: 31834620 DOI: 10.1007/s11481-019-09897-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/03/2019] [Accepted: 12/01/2019] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
People living with HIV (PLWH) in the antiretroviral therapy (ART) era may lose more life-years to tobacco use than to HIV. Yet, smoking rates are more than twice as high among PLWH than the general population, contributing not just to mortality but to other adverse health outcomes, including neurocognitive deficits (neuroHIV). There is growing evidence that synergy with chronic inflammation and immune dysregulation that persists despite ART may be one mechanism by which tobacco smoking contributes to neuroHIV. This review will summarize the differential effects of nicotine vs tobacco smoking on inflammation in addition to the effects of tobacco smoke components on HIV disease progression. We will also discuss biomarkers of inflammation via neuroimaging as well as biomarkers of nicotine dependence (e.g., nicotine metabolite ratio). Tobacco smoking and nicotine may impact ART drug metabolism and conversely, certain ARTs may impact nicotine metabolism. Thus, we will review these bidirectional relationships and how they may contribute to neuroHIV and other adverse outcomes. We will also discuss the effects of tobacco use on the interaction between peripheral organs (lungs, heart, kidney) and subsequent CNS function in the context of HIV. Lastly, given the dramatic rise in the use of electronic nicotine delivery systems, we will discuss the implications of vaping on these processes. Despite the growing recognition of the importance of addressing tobacco use among PLWH, more research is necessary at both the preclinical and clinical level to disentangle the potentially synergistic effects of tobacco use, nicotine, HIV, cognition and immune dysregulation, as well as identify optimal approaches to reduce tobacco use. Graphical Abstract Proposed model of the relationships among HIV, ART, smoking, inflammation, and neurocognition. Solid lines represent relationships supported by evidence. Dashed lines represent relationships for which there is not enough evidence to make a conclusion. (a) HIV infection produces elevated levels of inflammation even among virally suppressed individuals. (b) HIV is associated with deficits in cognition function. (c) Smoking rates are higher among PLWH, compared to the general population. (d) The nicotine metabolite ratio (NMR) is associated with smoking behavior. (e) HIV and tobacco use are both associated with higher rates of psychiatric comorbidities, such as depression, and elevated levels of chronic stress. These factors may represent other mechanisms linking HIV and tobacco use. (f) The relationship between nicotine, tobacco smoking, and inflammation is complex, but it is well-established that smoking induces inflammation; the evidence for nicotine as anti-inflammatory is supported in some studies, but not others. (g) The relationship between tobacco use and neurocognition may differ for the effects of nicotine (acute nicotine use may have beneficial effects) vs. tobacco smoking (chronic use may impair cognition). (h) Elevated levels of inflammation may be associated with deficits in cognition. (i) PLWH may metabolize nicotine faster than those without HIV; the mechanism is not yet known and the finding needs validation in larger samples. We also hypothesize that if HIV-infection increases nicotine metabolism, then we should observe an attenuation effect once ART is initiated. (j) It is possible that the increase in NMR is due to ART effects on CYP2A6. (k) We hypothesize that faster nicotine metabolism may result in higher levels of inflammation since nicotine has anti-inflammatory properties.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shivesh Ghura
- Department of Pathology, School of Dental Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, USA
| | - Robert Gross
- Division of Infectious Diseases, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, USA.,Center for Clinical Epidemiology and Biostatistics, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, USA
| | - Kelly Jordan-Sciutto
- Department of Pathology, School of Dental Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, USA
| | - Jacob Dubroff
- Department of Radiology, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, USA
| | - Robert Schnoll
- Department of Psychiatry, University of Pennsylvania, 3535 Market Street, Suite, Philadelphia, PA, 4100, USA
| | - Ronald G Collman
- Pulmonary, Allergy and Critical Care Division, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, USA
| | - Rebecca L Ashare
- Department of Psychiatry, University of Pennsylvania, 3535 Market Street, Suite, Philadelphia, PA, 4100, USA.
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Janbazacyabar H, van Bergenhenegouwen J, Verheijden KA, Leusink-Muis T, van Helvoort A, Garssen J, Folkerts G, Braber S. Non-digestible oligosaccharides partially prevent the development of LPS-induced lung emphysema in mice. PHARMANUTRITION 2019. [DOI: 10.1016/j.phanu.2019.100163] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
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Zheng X, Zhang L, Chen J, Gu Y, Xu J, Ouyang Y. Dendritic cells and Th17/Treg ratio play critical roles in pathogenic process of chronic obstructive pulmonary disease. Biomed Pharmacother 2018; 108:1141-1151. [PMID: 30372815 DOI: 10.1016/j.biopha.2018.09.113] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/08/2018] [Revised: 09/11/2018] [Accepted: 09/19/2018] [Indexed: 12/22/2022] Open
Abstract
Chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) is a common disorder of respiratory system. This study aimed to evaluate changes of mature dendritic cells (DCs) and regulatory T cells (Treg) in lung tissues and peripheral blood of COPD patients. For lung tissue analysis, patients were divided into no-smoking and no-COPD (CS-COPD-), smoking and no-COPD (CS + COPD-) and COPD group. For peripheral blood analysis, patients were divided into CS-COPD-, CS + COPD-, stable COPD (SCOPD) and acute exacerbation of COPD (AECOPD) group. Hematoxylin and eosin (HE) staining was used to evaluate inflammation of lung tissues. Immunohistochemistry assay was employed to examine CD80, CCR6, IL-17 A, FoxP3 in lung tissues. DCs and Treg cells were isolated from lung tissues and peripheral blood. Levels of CD80, FoxP3+ Treg, CCR6 and IL-17 A were detected by using flow cytometry. Results showed that FEV%, FVC% and FEV1/FVC were significantly reduced and Bosken scores were remarkably increased in COPD patients compared to non-COPD patients (p < 0.05). CD80 and FoxP3 levels were lower, and CCR6 and IL-17A levels were higher obviously in COPD compared to non-COPD patients (p < 0.05). COPD patients illustrated reduced mDCs levels and enhanced imDCs levels. COPD patients exhibited remarkably higher Th17 levels compared to no-smoking patients (p < 0.05). COPD patients illustrated obviously lower Treg levels and significantly higher Th17/Treg ratio compared to non-smoking patients (p < 0.05). Th17% (Th17/Treg) negatively and Treg% was positively correlated with FEV1%, FEVC%, FEV1/FEVC (p < 0.05). In conclusion, dendritic cells and Th17/Treg ratio play critical roles for pathogenic process of chronic obstructive pulmonary disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiangru Zheng
- Department of Respiratory Medicine, Affiliated Hospital of Zunyi Medical University, Zunyi, China
| | - Lanying Zhang
- Department of Respiratory Medicine, Affiliated Hospital of Zunyi Medical University, Zunyi, China
| | - Jie Chen
- Department of Respiratory Medicine, Affiliated Hospital of Zunyi Medical University, Zunyi, China
| | - Yanhui Gu
- Department of Respiratory Medicine, Affiliated Hospital of Zunyi Medical University, Zunyi, China
| | - Jingqing Xu
- Tongji Medical College of HUST, Wuhan, China
| | - Yao Ouyang
- Department of Respiratory Medicine, Affiliated Hospital of Zunyi Medical University, Zunyi, China.
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11
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Di Padova F, Quesniaux VFJ, Ryffel B. MyD88 as a therapeutic target for inflammatory lung diseases. Expert Opin Ther Targets 2018; 22:401-408. [PMID: 29658361 DOI: 10.1080/14728222.2018.1464139] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/23/2022]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Myeloid differentiation primary response protein 88 (MyD88) is a critical adaptor protein involved in Toll-like and IL-1 receptor family signaling controlling innate immune responses and inflammation. Genetic deletion of MyD88 function results in profound suppression of inflammation and reduced resistance of the host to pathogens indicating non-redundant roles of MyD88. The TIR domain is critical for MyD88 dimerization and signaling for TLR and IL-1R family receptor. Areas covered: Emerging evidence suggests that chemical disruption of the TIR domain attenuates cell activation and inhibits in vivo MyD88-dependent inflammation. We review the development of MyD88 dimerization disruptors as a novel therapeutic approach of respiratory diseases with a focus on COPD. Expert opinion: There is a proof of concept that therapeutic targeting of MyD88 is feasible and first preclinical data are highly promising. This opens a great opportunity to treat exacerbations of COPD and other chronic respiratory diseases. However, extensive preclinical investigations and risk analyses are required with carefully evaluation of reduced host resistance and opportunistic infections.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Valerie F J Quesniaux
- b Laboratory of experimental and molecular immunology and neurogenetics (INEM) , UMR 7355 CNRS-University of Orleans , Orleans , France
| | - Bernhard Ryffel
- b Laboratory of experimental and molecular immunology and neurogenetics (INEM) , UMR 7355 CNRS-University of Orleans , Orleans , France.,c IDM, Institute of Infectious Disease and Molecular Medicine , University of Cape Town , Cape Town , RSA
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12
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Gotts JE, Abbott J, Fang X, Yanagisawa H, Takasaka N, Nishimura SL, Calfee CS, Matthay MA. Cigarette Smoke Exposure Worsens Endotoxin-Induced Lung Injury and Pulmonary Edema in Mice. Nicotine Tob Res 2018; 19:1033-1039. [PMID: 28340238 DOI: 10.1093/ntr/ntx062] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/08/2016] [Accepted: 03/07/2017] [Indexed: 01/19/2023]
Abstract
Introduction Cigarette smoking (CS) remains a major public health concern and has recently been associated with an increased risk of developing acute respiratory distress syndrome (ARDS). Bronchoalveolar lavage (BAL) experiments in human volunteers have demonstrated that active smokers develop increased alveolar-epithelial barrier permeability to protein after inhaling lipopolysaccharide (LPS). Here we tested the hypothesis that short-term whole-body CS exposure would increase LPS-induced lung edema in mice. Methods Adult mice were exposed in a Teague TE-10 machine to CS from 3R4F cigarettes at 100 mg/m3 total suspended particulates for 12 days, then given LPS or saline intratracheally. Control mice were housed in the same room without CS exposure. Post-mortem measurements included gravimetric lung water and BAL protein, cell counts, and lung histology. Cytokines were measured in lung homogenate by ELISA and in plasma by Luminex and ELISA. Results In CS-exposed mice, intratracheal LPS caused greater increases in pulmonary edema by gravimetric measurement and histologic scoring. CS-exposed mice also had an increase in BAL neutrophilia, lung IL-6, and plasma CXCL9, a T-cell chemoattractant. Intratracheal LPS concentrated blood hemoglobin to a greater degree in CS-exposed mice, consistent with an increase in systemic vascular permeability. Conclusions These results demonstrate that CS exposure in endotoxin injured mice increases the severity of acute lung injury. The increased lung IL-6 in CS-exposed LPS-injured mice indicates that this potent cytokine, previously shown to predict mortality in patients with ARDS, may play a role in exacerbating lung injury in smokers and may have utility as a biomarker of tobacco-related lung injury. Implications Our results suggest that short-term CS exposure at levels that cause no overt lung injury may still prime the lung for acute inflammatory damage from a "second hit", a finding that mirrors the increased risk of developing ARDS in patients who smoke. This model may be useful for evaluating the acute pulmonary toxicity of existing and/or novel tobacco products and identifying biomarkers of tobacco-related lung injury.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jeffrey E Gotts
- Departments of Medicine and Anesthesia, Cardiovascular Research Institute, University of California, San Francisco, CA
| | - Jason Abbott
- Departments of Medicine and Anesthesia, Cardiovascular Research Institute, University of California, San Francisco, CA
| | - Xiaohui Fang
- Departments of Medicine and Anesthesia, Cardiovascular Research Institute, University of California, San Francisco, CA
| | - Haru Yanagisawa
- Department of Pathology, University of California, San Francisco, CA
| | - Naoki Takasaka
- Department of Pathology, University of California, San Francisco, CA
| | | | - Carolyn S Calfee
- Departments of Medicine and Anesthesia, Cardiovascular Research Institute, University of California, San Francisco, CA
| | - Michael A Matthay
- Departments of Medicine and Anesthesia, Cardiovascular Research Institute, University of California, San Francisco, CA
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13
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Gotts JE, Chun L, Abbott J, Fang X, Takasaka N, Nishimura SL, Springer ML, Schick SF, Calfee CS, Matthay MA. Cigarette smoke exposure worsens acute lung injury in antibiotic-treated bacterial pneumonia in mice. Am J Physiol Lung Cell Mol Physiol 2018. [PMID: 29543040 DOI: 10.1152/ajplung.00405.2017] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/28/2022] Open
Abstract
Evidence is accumulating that exposure to cigarette smoke (CS) increases the risk of developing acute respiratory distress syndrome (ARDS). Streptococcus pneumoniae is the most common cause of bacterial pneumonia, which in turn is the leading cause of ARDS. Chronic smokers have increased rates of pneumococcal colonization and develop more severe pneumococcal pneumonia than nonsmokers; yet mechanistic connections between CS exposure, bacterial pneumonia, and ARDS pathogenesis remain relatively unexplored. We exposed mice to 3 wk of moderate whole body CS or air, followed by intranasal inoculation with an invasive serotype of S. pneumoniae. CS exposure alone caused no detectable lung injury or bronchoalveolar lavage (BAL) inflammation. During pneumococcal infection, CS-exposed mice had greater survival than air-exposed mice, in association with reduced systemic spread of bacteria from the lungs. However, when mice were treated with antibiotics after infection to improve clinical relevance, the survival benefit was lost, and CS-exposed mice had more pulmonary edema, increased numbers of BAL monocytes, and elevated monocyte and lymphocyte chemokines. CS-exposed antibiotic-treated mice also had higher serum surfactant protein D and angiopoietin-2, consistent with more severe lung epithelial and endothelial injury. The results indicate that acute CS exposure enhances the recruitment of immune cells to the lung during bacterial pneumonia, an effect that may provide microbiological benefit but simultaneously exposes the mice to more severe inflammatory lung injury. The inclusion of antibiotic treatment in preclinical studies of acute lung injury in bacterial pneumonia may enhance clinical relevance, particularly for future studies of current or emerging tobacco products.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jeffrey E Gotts
- Departments of Medicine and Anesthesia, Cardiovascular Research Institute, University of California , San Francisco, California
| | - Lauren Chun
- Departments of Medicine and Anesthesia, Cardiovascular Research Institute, University of California , San Francisco, California
| | - Jason Abbott
- Departments of Medicine and Anesthesia, Cardiovascular Research Institute, University of California , San Francisco, California
| | - Xiaohui Fang
- Departments of Medicine and Anesthesia, Cardiovascular Research Institute, University of California , San Francisco, California
| | - Naoki Takasaka
- Department of Pathology, University of California , San Francisco, California
| | - Stephen L Nishimura
- Department of Pathology, University of California , San Francisco, California
| | - Matthew L Springer
- Department of Medicine, Cardiovascular Research Institute, University of California , San Francisco, California
| | - Suzaynn F Schick
- Department of Medicine, Cardiovascular Research Institute, University of California , San Francisco, California
| | - Carolyn S Calfee
- Departments of Medicine and Anesthesia, Cardiovascular Research Institute, University of California , San Francisco, California
| | - Michael A Matthay
- Departments of Medicine and Anesthesia, Cardiovascular Research Institute, University of California , San Francisco, California
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14
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Mertens TCJ, Karmouty-Quintana H, Taube C, Hiemstra PS. Use of airway epithelial cell culture to unravel the pathogenesis and study treatment in obstructive airway diseases. Pulm Pharmacol Ther 2017; 45:101-113. [PMID: 28502841 DOI: 10.1016/j.pupt.2017.05.008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 34] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/26/2017] [Revised: 04/19/2017] [Accepted: 05/10/2017] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
Asthma and chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) are considered as two distinct obstructive diseases. Both chronic diseases share a component of airway epithelial dysfunction. The airway epithelium is localized to deal with inhaled substances, and functions as a barrier preventing penetration of such substances into the body. In addition, the epithelium is involved in the regulation of both innate and adaptive immune responses following inhalation of particles, allergens and pathogens. Through triggering and inducing immune responses, airway epithelial cells contribute to the pathogenesis of both asthma and COPD. Various in vitro research models have been described to study airway epithelial cell dysfunction in asthma and COPD. However, various considerations and cautions have to be taken into account when designing such in vitro experiments. Epithelial features of asthma and COPD can be modelled by using a variety of disease-related invoking substances either alone or in combination, and by the use of primary cells isolated from patients. Differentiation is a hallmark of airway epithelial cells, and therefore models should include the ability of cells to differentiate, as can be achieved in air-liquid interface models. More recently developed in vitro models, including precision cut lung slices, lung-on-a-chip, organoids and human induced pluripotent stem cells derived cultures, provide novel state-of-the-art alternatives to the conventional in vitro models. Furthermore, advanced models in which cells are exposed to respiratory pathogens, aerosolized medications and inhaled toxic substances such as cigarette smoke and air pollution are increasingly used to model e.g. acute exacerbations. These exposure models are relevant to study how epithelial features of asthma and COPD are affected and provide a useful tool to study the effect of drugs used in treatment of asthma and COPD. These new developments are expected to contribute to a better understanding of the complex gene-environment interactions that contribute to development and progression of asthma and COPD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tinne C J Mertens
- Department of Pulmonology, Leiden University Medical Center, Leiden, The Netherlands; Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, The University of Texas Health Science Center at Houston, Houston, TX, USA.
| | - Harry Karmouty-Quintana
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, The University of Texas Health Science Center at Houston, Houston, TX, USA
| | - Christian Taube
- Department of Pulmonology, Leiden University Medical Center, Leiden, The Netherlands
| | - Pieter S Hiemstra
- Department of Pulmonology, Leiden University Medical Center, Leiden, The Netherlands
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15
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Muthumalage T, Pritsos K, Hunter K, Pritsos C. Commonly used air filters fail to eliminate secondhand smoke induced oxidative stress and inflammatory responses. Toxicol Mech Methods 2017; 27:458-466. [DOI: 10.1080/15376516.2017.1320694] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Thivanka Muthumalage
- Department of Agriculture, Nutrition and Veterinary Sciences, University of Nevada, Reno, NV, USA
- Environmental Sciences Program, University of Nevada, Reno, NV, USA
| | - Karen Pritsos
- Department of Agriculture, Nutrition and Veterinary Sciences, University of Nevada, Reno, NV, USA
| | - Kenneth Hunter
- Microbiology and Immunology, University of Nevada, Reno, NV, USA
| | - Chris Pritsos
- Department of Agriculture, Nutrition and Veterinary Sciences, University of Nevada, Reno, NV, USA
- Environmental Sciences Program, University of Nevada, Reno, NV, USA
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16
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Agarwal R, Bhogal S, Choudhary H, Aggarwal AN, Sehgal IS, Dhooria S, Behera D, Chakrabarti A. Aspergillus
sensitisation in bidi smokers with and without chronic obstructive lung disease. Mycoses 2017; 60:381-386. [DOI: 10.1111/myc.12605] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/20/2016] [Revised: 12/29/2016] [Accepted: 01/06/2017] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Ritesh Agarwal
- Department of Pulmonary Medicine; Postgraduate Institute of Medical Education and Research (PGIMER); Chandigarh India
| | - Sumita Bhogal
- Department of Pulmonary Medicine; Postgraduate Institute of Medical Education and Research (PGIMER); Chandigarh India
| | - Hansraj Choudhary
- Department of Pulmonary Medicine; Postgraduate Institute of Medical Education and Research (PGIMER); Chandigarh India
| | - Ashutosh N. Aggarwal
- Department of Pulmonary Medicine; Postgraduate Institute of Medical Education and Research (PGIMER); Chandigarh India
| | - Inderpaul S. Sehgal
- Department of Pulmonary Medicine; Postgraduate Institute of Medical Education and Research (PGIMER); Chandigarh India
| | - Sahajal Dhooria
- Department of Pulmonary Medicine; Postgraduate Institute of Medical Education and Research (PGIMER); Chandigarh India
| | - Digambar Behera
- Department of Pulmonary Medicine; Postgraduate Institute of Medical Education and Research (PGIMER); Chandigarh India
| | - Arunaloke Chakrabarti
- Department of Medical Microbiology; Postgraduate Institute of Medical Education and Research (PGIMER); Chandigarh India
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17
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Anderson R, Meyer PWA, Ally MMTM, Tikly M. Smoking and Air Pollution as Pro-Inflammatory Triggers for the Development of Rheumatoid Arthritis. Nicotine Tob Res 2016; 18:1556-65. [PMID: 26957528 DOI: 10.1093/ntr/ntw030] [Citation(s) in RCA: 38] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/24/2015] [Accepted: 01/27/2016] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Smoking is now well recognized not only as a risk factor for rheumatoid arthritis (RA), but also as a determinant of disease activity, severity, response to therapy, and possibly mortality. METHODS Studies, mostly recent, which have provided significant insights into the molecular and cellular mechanisms which underpin the pathogenesis of smoking-related RA, as well as the possible involvement of other types of outdoor and indoor pollution form the basis of this review. RESULTS Smoking initiates chronic inflammatory events in the lungs. These, in turn, promote the release of the enzymes, peptidylarginine deiminases 2 and 4 from smoke-activated, resident and infiltrating pulmonary phagocytes. Peptidylarginine deiminases mediate conversion of various endogenous proteins to putative citrullinated autoantigens. In genetically susceptible individuals, these autoantigens trigger the production of anti-citrullinated peptide, pathogenic autoantibodies, an event which precedes the development of RA. CONCLUSIONS An increasing body of evidence has linked chronic inflammatory events in the lungs of smokers, to the production of anti-citrullinated peptide autoantibodies and development of RA. Creation of awareness of the associated risks, assessment of smoking status and implementation of compelling antismoking strategies must be included in the routine clinical management of patients presenting with suspected RA. IMPLICATIONS Chronic inflammatory mechanisms operative in the lungs of smokers lead to the production of anti-citrullinated protein antibodies which, in turn, drive the development of RA. These mechanistic insights not only reinforce the association between smoking and risk for RA, but also the necessity to increase the level of awareness in those at highest risk.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ronald Anderson
- Institute for Cellular and Molecular Medicine, Department of Immunology, Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Pretoria, Pretoria, South Africa;
| | - Pieter W A Meyer
- Department of Immunology, Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Pretoria and Tshwane Academic Division of the National Health Laboratory Service, Pretoria, South Africa
| | - Mahmood M T M Ally
- Department of Internal Medicine, Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Pretoria and Steve Biko Academic Hospital, Pretoria, South Africa
| | - Mohammed Tikly
- Division of Rheumatology, Chris Hani Baragwanath Academic Hospital, Faculty of Health Sciences, University of the Witwatersrand, Johannesburg, South Africa
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18
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Dong J, Segawa R, Mizuno N, Hiratsuka M, Hirasawa N. Inhibitory effects of nicotine derived from cigarette smoke on thymic stromal lymphopoietin production in epidermal keratinocytes. Cell Immunol 2016; 302:19-25. [PMID: 26786889 DOI: 10.1016/j.cellimm.2016.01.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/30/2015] [Revised: 12/31/2015] [Accepted: 01/01/2016] [Indexed: 01/02/2023]
Abstract
Thymic stromal lymphopoietin (TSLP) is regarded as the main factor responsible for the pathogenesis of atopic dermatitis (AD). Cigarette smoke is an aggravating factor for allergies, but has been reported to decrease the risk of AD. In the present study, we evaluated the role of nicotine, the main constituent in cigarette smoke extract, and its underlying mechanism of action in the regulation of TSLP expression. We found that nicotine significantly inhibited 12-O-tetradecanoylphorbol-13-acetate (TPA)-induced TSLP expression in BALB/c mice and the mouse keratinocyte cell line PAM212. Nicotine inhibition of TSLP production was abolished by pretreatments with α7 nicotinic acetylcholine receptor (α7 nAChR) antagonists, AMP-activated protein kinase (AMPK) inhibitor, and phosphoinositide 3-kinase (PI3K) inhibitors. The same inhibitors abolished inhibition of nuclear factor-κB (NF-κB) activation by nicotine. These results suggest that nicotine inhibits the expression of TSLP by suppressing the activation of NF-κB through the α7 nAChR-PI3K-AMPK signaling pathway.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jiangxu Dong
- Laboratory of Pharmacotherapy of Life-Style Related Diseases, Graduate School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Tohoku University, Sendai, Japan
| | - Ryosuke Segawa
- Laboratory of Pharmacotherapy of Life-Style Related Diseases, Graduate School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Tohoku University, Sendai, Japan
| | - Natsumi Mizuno
- Laboratory of Pharmacotherapy of Life-Style Related Diseases, Graduate School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Tohoku University, Sendai, Japan
| | - Masahiro Hiratsuka
- Laboratory of Pharmacotherapy of Life-Style Related Diseases, Graduate School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Tohoku University, Sendai, Japan
| | - Noriyasu Hirasawa
- Laboratory of Pharmacotherapy of Life-Style Related Diseases, Graduate School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Tohoku University, Sendai, Japan.
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19
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Givi ME, Folkerts G, Wagenaar GTM, Redegeld FA, Mortaz E. Cigarette smoke differentially modulates dendritic cell maturation and function in time. Respir Res 2015; 16:131. [PMID: 26498483 PMCID: PMC4619524 DOI: 10.1186/s12931-015-0291-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 38] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/16/2014] [Accepted: 10/13/2015] [Indexed: 12/26/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Dendritic cells (DCs) as professional antigen presenting cells (APCs) play a critical role in the regulation of host immune responses. DCs evolve from immature, antigen-capturing cells, to mature antigen-presenting cells. The relative contribution of DCs to cigarette smoke-induced inflammation is not well documented. In the current study, we investigated a modulatory effect of cigarette smoke extract (CSE) on differentiation, maturation and function of DCs. Methods Primary murine DCs were grown from bone marrow cells with GM-CSF. Development of DC was analyzed by expression of CD11c, MHCII, CD86, CD40 and CD83 using flow cytometry. Murine DC’s and human L428 cells were co-cultured with CSE for various periods of time. Functional activity was analyzed by measuring FITC-dextran uptake, cytokine production and the ability to stimulate T cell activation in a mixed lymphocyte reaction. Results Our results show that short-term CSE stimulation (~24 h) influence the maturation status of newly differentiated and immature DCs towards more mature cells as revealed by upregulation of MHCII, CD83, CD86, CD40, reduction in antigen up-take capacity and enhanced secretion of pro-inflammatory (IL-12, IL-6 and TNF-α) cytokines. Interestingly, long-term CSE exposure, time- and concentration-dependently, suppressed the development of functional DCs. This suppression was demonstrated by a decline in CD11c/MHCII, CD83, CD86 and CD40 expression, the production of cytokines and ability to stimulate T lymphocytes. Moreover, CSE significantly suppressed the endocytosis function of mouse DCs which was not due to diminished DC viability. Similar to mouse DCs, long-term co-culturing of the human L428 DC cell line with CSE time-dependently suppressed the expression of CD54. Conclusions The present study provides evidence that CSE modulates DC-mediated immune responses via affecting both the function and maturation of DCs. The suppressive effects of cigarette smoke on DC function might lead to impaired immune responses to various infections. Electronic supplementary material The online version of this article (doi:10.1186/s12931-015-0291-6) contains supplementary material, which is available to authorized users.
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Affiliation(s)
- Masoumeh Ezzati Givi
- Division of Pharmacology, Utrecht Institute for Pharmaceutical Sciences, Faculty of Science, Utrecht University, PO BOX 80082, 3508, TB, Utrecht, The Netherlands.,Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Shahid Chamran University, Ahvaz, Iran
| | - Gert Folkerts
- Division of Pharmacology, Utrecht Institute for Pharmaceutical Sciences, Faculty of Science, Utrecht University, PO BOX 80082, 3508, TB, Utrecht, The Netherlands
| | - Gerry T M Wagenaar
- Department of Pediatrics, Division of Neonatology, Leiden University Medical Center, Leiden, The Netherlands
| | - Frank A Redegeld
- Division of Pharmacology, Utrecht Institute for Pharmaceutical Sciences, Faculty of Science, Utrecht University, PO BOX 80082, 3508, TB, Utrecht, The Netherlands.
| | - Esmaeil Mortaz
- Division of Pharmacology, Utrecht Institute for Pharmaceutical Sciences, Faculty of Science, Utrecht University, PO BOX 80082, 3508, TB, Utrecht, The Netherlands.,Chronic Respiratory Diseases Research Center and National Research Institute of Tuberculosis and Lung Diseases (NRITLD), Department of Immunology, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran.,Airways Disease Section, National Heart and Lung Institute, Imperial College London, London, UK
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20
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Rossouw TM, Anderson R, Feldman C. Impact of HIV infection and smoking on lung immunity and related disorders. Eur Respir J 2015; 46:1781-95. [PMID: 26250491 DOI: 10.1183/13993003.00353-2015] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/02/2014] [Accepted: 05/23/2015] [Indexed: 12/29/2022]
Abstract
HIV-infected persons not only have higher rates of smoking than the general population, but are also unusually vulnerable to the associated adverse health effects, both infective and noninfective in origin. Indeed, in the setting of well-organised care and availability of highly active antiretroviral therapy, HIV-infected smokers lose more life-years to smoking than to HIV infection per se, presenting a major challenge to healthcare providers. Not surprisingly, the respiratory system is particularly susceptible to the damaging interactive chronic inflammatory and immunosuppressive effects of HIV and smoking, intensifying the risk of the development of opportunistic infections, as well as lung cancer and obstructive lung disorders. The impact of smoking on the immunopathogenesis and frequencies of these respiratory conditions in the setting of HIV infection, as well as on the efficacy of antiretroviral therapy, represent the primary focus of this review.
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Affiliation(s)
- Theresa M Rossouw
- Department of Immunology, Faculty of Health Sciences, Institute of Cellular and Molecular Medicine, University of Pretoria, Pretoria, South Africa Department of Family Medicine, Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Pretoria, Pretoria, South Africa
| | - Ronald Anderson
- Department of Immunology, Faculty of Health Sciences, Institute of Cellular and Molecular Medicine, University of Pretoria, Pretoria, South Africa
| | - Charles Feldman
- Division of Pulmonology, Department of Internal Medicine, Charlotte Maxeke Johannesburg Academic Hospital and Faculty of Health Sciences, University of the Witwatersrand, Johannesburg, South Africa
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21
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Song JM, Qian X, Molla K, Teferi F, Upadhyaya P, O Sullivan G, Luo X, Kassie F. Combinations of indole-3-carbinol and silibinin suppress inflammation-driven mouse lung tumorigenesis by modulating critical cell cycle regulators. Carcinogenesis 2015; 36:666-75. [PMID: 25896445 DOI: 10.1093/carcin/bgv054] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/13/2015] [Accepted: 03/30/2015] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Chronic inflammation is an important risk factor for lung cancer. Therefore, identification of chemopreventive agents that suppress inflammation-driven lung cancer is indispensable. We studied the efficacy of combinations of indole-3-carbinol (I3C) and silibinin (Sil), 20 µmol/g diet each, against mouse lung tumors induced by 4-(methylnitrosamino)-1-(3-pyridyl)-1-butanone (NNK) and driven by lipopolysaccharide (LPS), a potent inflammatory agent and constituent of tobacco smoke. Mice treated with NNK + LPS developed 14.7±4.1 lung tumors/mouse, whereas mice treated with NNK + LPS and given combinations of I3C and Sil had 7.1±4.5 lung tumors/mouse, corresponding to a significant reduction of 52%. Moreover, the number of largest tumors (>1.0mm) was significantly reduced from 6.3±2.9 lung tumors/mouse in the control group to 1.0±1.3 and 1.6±1.8 lung tumors/mouse in mice given I3C + Sil and I3C alone, respectively. These results were paralleled by significant reductions in the level of proinflammatory and procarcinogenic proteins (pSTAT3, pIκBα and COX-2) and proteins that regulate cell proliferation (pAkt, cyclin D1, CDKs 2, 4, 6 and pRB). Further studies in premalignant bronchial cells showed that the antiproliferative effects of I3C + Sil were higher than the individual compounds and these effects were mediated by targeting cyclin D1, CDKs 2, 4 and 6 and pRB. I3C + Sil suppressed cyclin D1 by reducing its messenger RNA level and by enhancing its proteasomal degradation. Our results showed the potential lung cancer chemopreventive effects of I3C + Sil in smokers/former smokers with chronic pulmonary inflammatory conditions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jung Min Song
- Masonic Cancer Center, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, MN 55455, USA
| | - Xuemin Qian
- Masonic Cancer Center, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, MN 55455, USA
| | - Kalkidan Molla
- Masonic Cancer Center, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, MN 55455, USA
| | - Fistum Teferi
- Masonic Cancer Center, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, MN 55455, USA
| | - Pramod Upadhyaya
- Masonic Cancer Center, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, MN 55455, USA
| | - Gerry O Sullivan
- Masonic Cancer Center, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, MN 55455, USA, College of Veterinary Medicine, University of Minnesota, Saint Paul, MN 55108, USA and
| | - Xianghua Luo
- Masonic Cancer Center, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, MN 55455, USA, Division of Biostatistics, School of Public Health, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, MN 55455, USA
| | - Fekadu Kassie
- Masonic Cancer Center, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, MN 55455, USA, College of Veterinary Medicine, University of Minnesota, Saint Paul, MN 55108, USA and
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Qian X, Khammanivong A, Song JM, Teferi F, Upadhyaya P, Dickerson E, Kassie F. RNA-sequencing studies identify genes differentially regulated during inflammation-driven lung tumorigenesis and targeted by chemopreventive agents. Inflamm Res 2015; 64:343-61. [PMID: 25795230 DOI: 10.1007/s00011-015-0815-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/23/2015] [Accepted: 03/10/2015] [Indexed: 11/28/2022] Open
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Chronic pulmonary inflammation has been consistently shown to increase the risk of lung cancer. Therefore, assessing the molecular links between the two diseases and identification of chemopreventive agents that inhibit inflammation-driven lung tumorigenesis is indispensable. MATERIALS AND METHODS Female A/J mice were treated with the tobacco smoke carcinogen 4-(methylnitrosamino)-1-(3-pyridyl)-1-butanone (NNK) and lipopolysaccharide (LPS), a potent inflammatory agent and constituent of tobacco smoke, and maintained on control diet or diet supplemented with the chemopreventive agents indole-3-carbinol (I3C) and/or silibinin (Sil). At the end of the study, mice were sacrificed and tumors on the surface of the lung were counted and gene expression levels in lung tissues were determined by RNA sequencing. RESULTS The mean number of lung tumors induced by NNK and NNK + LPS was 5 and 15 tumors/mouse, respectively. Dietary supplementation with the combination of I3C and Sil significantly reduced the size and multiplicity (by 50 %) of NNK + LPS-induced lung tumors. Also, we found that 330, 2957, and 1143 genes were differentially regulated in mice treated with NNK, LPS, and NNK + LPS, respectively. The inflammatory response of lung tumors to LPS, as determined by the number of proinflammatory genes with altered gene expression or the level of alteration, was markedly less than that of normal lungs. Among 1143 genes differentially regulated in the NNK + LPS group, the expression of 162 genes and associated signaling pathways was significantly modulated by I3C and/or Sil + I3C. These genes include cytokines, chemokines, putative oncogenes and tumor suppressor genes and Ros1, AREG, EREG, Cyp1a1, Arntl, and Npas2. CONCLUSION To our knowledge, this is the first report that provides insight into genes that are differentially expressed during inflammation-driven lung tumorigenesis and the modulation of these genes by chemopreventive agents.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xuemin Qian
- Masonic Cancer Center, University of Minnesota, Mayo Mail Code 806, 420 Delaware Street SE, Minneapolis, MN, 55455, USA
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Song JM, Qian X, Teferi F, Pan J, Wang Y, Kassie F. Dietary diindolylmethane suppresses inflammation-driven lung squamous cell carcinoma in mice. Cancer Prev Res (Phila) 2014; 8:77-85. [PMID: 25403850 DOI: 10.1158/1940-6207.capr-14-0245] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/02/2023]
Abstract
Inflammatory conditions of the lung such as chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) are known to increase lung cancer risk, particularly lung squamous cell carcinoma (LSCC). In the present study, we developed a mouse model of inflammation-driven LSCC that was induced by N-nitroso-trischloroethylurea (NTCU) and enhanced by lipopolysaccharide (LPS), a potent proinflammatory agent contained in tobacco and tobacco smoke, and determined the chemopreventive effects of BioResponse diindolylmethane (DIM) in the same model. Compared with mice treated with NTCU alone, mice treated with the combination of NTCU and LPS had a 9-fold increase in the number of bronchioles with LSCC. Also, compared with mice treated with LPS alone, mice treated with NTCU plus LPS showed significantly increased expression of the inflammatory cytokines IL1α, IL6, and TNFα (all three increased about 7-fold). Parallel to the increased cytokine gene expression, the NTCU plus LPS-treated group exhibited significantly enhanced activation of NF-κB, STAT3, ERK, p-38, and Akt, expression of p53, COX-2, and Mcl-1, and NF-κB- and STAT3-DNA binding in the lung. Dietary administration of DIM (10 μmol/g diet or 2,460 ppm) to mice treated with NTCU plus LPS reduced the incidence of LSCC by 2-fold, suppressed activation/expression of proinflammatory and procarcinogenic proteins and NF-κB- and STAT3-DNA binding, but not the expression of cytokines and p53. This study highlights the potential significance of our mouse model to identify promising drugs or dietary agents for the chemoprevention of human LSCC and that DIM is a very good candidate for clinical lung cancer chemoprevention trials.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jung Min Song
- Masonic Cancer Center, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, Minnesota
| | - Xuemin Qian
- Masonic Cancer Center, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, Minnesota
| | - Fitsum Teferi
- Masonic Cancer Center, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, Minnesota
| | - Jing Pan
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology and Cancer Center, Medical College of Wisconsin, Milwaukee, Wisconsin
| | - Yian Wang
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology and Cancer Center, Medical College of Wisconsin, Milwaukee, Wisconsin
| | - Fekadu Kassie
- Masonic Cancer Center, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, Minnesota. College of Veterinary Medicine, University of Minnesota, Saint Paul, Minnesota.
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Markowicz P, Löndahl J, Wierzbicka A, Suleiman R, Shihadeh A, Larsson L. A study on particles and some microbial markers in waterpipe tobacco smoke. THE SCIENCE OF THE TOTAL ENVIRONMENT 2014; 499:107-13. [PMID: 25181042 PMCID: PMC4297659 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2014.08.055] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/28/2014] [Revised: 07/29/2014] [Accepted: 08/19/2014] [Indexed: 05/21/2023]
Abstract
Waterpipe smoking is becoming increasingly popular worldwide. Research has shown that cigarette smoke, in addition to hundreds of carcinogenic and otherwise toxic compounds, may also contain compounds of microbiological origin. In the present study we analyzed waterpipe smoke for some microbial compounds. Both of the two markers studied, viz 3-hydroxy fatty acids of bacterial lipopolysaccharide (LPS) and ergosterol of fungal biomass, were found in waterpipe tobacco, in amounts similar as previously found in cigarette tobacco, and in smoke. Waterpipe mainstream smoke contained on average 1800 pmol LPS and 84.4 ng ergosterol produced per session. An average concentration of 2.8 pmol/m(3) of LPS was found in second hand smoke during a 1-2-h waterpipe smoking session while ergosterol was not detected; corresponding concentrations from smoking five cigarettes were 22.2 pmol/m(3) of LPS and 87.5 ng/m(3) of ergosterol. This is the first time that waterpipe smoking has been shown to create a bioaerosol. In the present study we also found that waterpipe smoking generated several polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons, carbon monoxide, and high fraction of small (<200 nm) particles that may have adverse effects on human health upon inhalation.
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Affiliation(s)
- P Markowicz
- Lund University, Department of Laboratory Medicine, Division of Medical Microbiology, Sölvegatan 23, SE-22362 Lund, Sweden
| | - J Löndahl
- Division of Ergonomics and Aerosol Technology, Lund University, P.O. Box 118, SE-221 00, Lund, Sweden
| | - A Wierzbicka
- Division of Ergonomics and Aerosol Technology, Lund University, P.O. Box 118, SE-221 00, Lund, Sweden
| | - R Suleiman
- Mechanical Engineering Department, American University of Beirut, Beirut, Lebanon
| | - A Shihadeh
- Mechanical Engineering Department, American University of Beirut, Beirut, Lebanon
| | - L Larsson
- Lund University, Department of Laboratory Medicine, Division of Medical Microbiology, Sölvegatan 23, SE-22362 Lund, Sweden.
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Combined exposure to cigarette smoke and nontypeable Haemophilus influenzae drives development of a COPD phenotype in mice. Respir Res 2014; 15:11. [PMID: 24495712 PMCID: PMC3926338 DOI: 10.1186/1465-9921-15-11] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/02/2013] [Accepted: 02/03/2014] [Indexed: 01/20/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Cigarette smoke (CS) is the major etiologic factor of chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD). CS-exposed mice develop emphysema and mild pulmonary inflammation but no airway obstruction, which is also a prominent feature of COPD. Therefore, CS may interact with other factors, particularly respiratory infections, in the pathogenesis of airway remodeling in COPD. METHODS C57BL/6 mice were exposed to CS for 2 h a day, 5 days a week for 8 weeks. Mice were also exposed to heat-killed non-typeable H. influenzae (HK-NTHi) on days 7 and 21. One day after the last exposure to CS, mice were sacrificed and lung inflammation and mechanics, emphysematous changes, and goblet cell metaplasia were assessed. Mice exposed to CS or HK-NTHi alone or room air served as controls. To determine the susceptibility to viral infections, we also challenged these mice with rhinovirus (RV). RESULTS Unlike mice exposed to CS or HK-NTHi alone, animals exposed to CS/HK-NTHi developed emphysema, lung inflammation and goblet cell metaplasia in both large and small airways. CS/HK-NTHi-exposed mice also expressed increased levels of mucin genes and cytokines compared to mice in other groups. CS/HK-NTHi-exposed mice infected with RV demonstrated increased viral persistence, sustained neutrophilia, and further increments in mucin gene and chemokine expression compared to other groups. CONCLUSIONS These findings indicate that in addition to CS, bacteria may also contribute to development of COPD, particularly changes in airways. Mice exposed to CS/HK-NTHi are also more susceptible to subsequent viral infection than mice exposed to either CS or HK-NTHi alone.
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Streibel T, Mitschke S, Adam T, Zimmermann R. Time-resolved analysis of the emission of sidestream smoke (SSS) from cigarettes during smoking by photo ionisation/time-of-flight mass spectrometry (PI-TOFMS): towards a better description of environmental tobacco smoke. Anal Bioanal Chem 2013; 405:7071-82. [PMID: 23354580 DOI: 10.1007/s00216-013-6739-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/05/2012] [Revised: 12/19/2012] [Accepted: 01/12/2013] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
Abstract
In this study, the chemical composition of sidestream smoke (SSS) emissions of cigarettes are characterised using a laser-based single-photon ionisation time-of-flight mass spectrometer. SSS is generated from various cigarette types (2R4F research cigarette; Burley, Oriental and Virginia single-tobacco-type cigarettes) smoked on a single-port smoking machine and collected using a so-called fishtail chimney device. Using this setup, a puff-resolved quantification of several SSS components was performed. Investigations of the dynamics of SSS emissions show that concentration profiles of various substances can be categorised into several groups, either depending on the occurrence of a puff or uninfluenced by the changes in the burning zone during puffing. The SSS emissions occurring directly after a puff strongly resemble the composition of mainstream smoke (MSS). In the smouldering phase, clear differences between MSS and SSS are observed. The changed chemical profiles of SSS and MSS might be also of importance on environmental tobacco smoke which is largely determined by SSS. Additionally, the chemical composition of the SSS is strongly affected by the tobacco type. Hence, the higher nitrogen content of Burley tobacco leads to the detection of increased amounts of nitrogen-containing substances in SSS.
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Affiliation(s)
- T Streibel
- Joint Mass Spectrometry Centre, Chair of Analytical Chemistry, Institute of Chemistry, University of Rostock, 18059 Rostock, Germany
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Givi ME, Blokhuis BR, Da Silva CA, Adcock I, Garssen J, Folkerts G, Redegeld FA, Mortaz E. Cigarette smoke suppresses the surface expression of c-kit and FcεRI on mast cells. Mediators Inflamm 2013; 2013:813091. [PMID: 23476107 PMCID: PMC3583132 DOI: 10.1155/2013/813091] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/18/2012] [Revised: 01/01/2013] [Accepted: 01/02/2013] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) is a multicomponent disease characterized by emphysema and/or chronic bronchitis. COPD is mostly associated with cigarette smoking. Cigarette smoke contains over 4,700 chemical compounds, including free radicals and LPS (a Toll-Like Receptor 4 agonist) at concentrations which may contribute to the pathogenesis of diseases like COPD. We have previously shown that short-term exposure to cigarette smoke medium (CSM) can stimulate several inflammatory cells via TLR4 and that CSM reduces the degranulation of bone-marrow-derived mast cells (BMMCs). In the current study, the effect of CSM on mast cells maturation and function was investigated. Coculturing of BMMC with CSM during the development of bone marrow progenitor cells suppressed the granularity and the surface expression of c-kit and Fc ε RI receptors. Stimulation with IgE/antigen resulted in decreased degranulation and release of Th1 and Th2 cytokines. The effects of CSM exposure could not be mimicked by the addition of LPS to the culture medium. In conclusion, this study shows that CSM may affect mast cell development and subsequent response to allergic activation in a TLR4-independent manner.
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Affiliation(s)
- M. E. Givi
- Division of Pharmacology, Utrecht Institute for Pharmaceutical Sciences, Faculty of Science, Utrecht University, 3584 CG Utrecht, The Netherlands
| | - B. R. Blokhuis
- Division of Pharmacology, Utrecht Institute for Pharmaceutical Sciences, Faculty of Science, Utrecht University, 3584 CG Utrecht, The Netherlands
| | - C. A. Da Silva
- Integrative Pharmacology, Department of Biosciences, AstraZeneca R&D Lund Respiratory and Inflammation Research Area, 22 187 Lund, 43183 Mölndal, Sweden
| | - I. Adcock
- Airways Disease Section, National Heart and Lung Institute, Imperial College London, South Kensington Campus, London SW7 2AZ, UK
| | - J. Garssen
- Division of Pharmacology, Utrecht Institute for Pharmaceutical Sciences, Faculty of Science, Utrecht University, 3584 CG Utrecht, The Netherlands
- Danone Research-Centre for Specialised Nutrition, P.O. Box 7005, 6700 CA Wageningen, The Netherlands
| | - G. Folkerts
- Division of Pharmacology, Utrecht Institute for Pharmaceutical Sciences, Faculty of Science, Utrecht University, 3584 CG Utrecht, The Netherlands
| | - F. A. Redegeld
- Division of Pharmacology, Utrecht Institute for Pharmaceutical Sciences, Faculty of Science, Utrecht University, 3584 CG Utrecht, The Netherlands
| | - E. Mortaz
- Division of Pharmacology, Utrecht Institute for Pharmaceutical Sciences, Faculty of Science, Utrecht University, 3584 CG Utrecht, The Netherlands
- Department of Immunology, Chronic Respiratory Disease Research Center and National Research Institute of Tuberculosis and Lung Disease (NRITLD), Masih Daneshvari Hospital, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, P.O. Box 19575/154, Tehran, Iran
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Melkamu T, Qian X, Upadhyaya P, O'Sullivan MG, Kassie F. Lipopolysaccharide enhances mouse lung tumorigenesis: a model for inflammation-driven lung cancer. Vet Pathol 2013; 50:895-902. [PMID: 23381924 DOI: 10.1177/0300985813476061] [Citation(s) in RCA: 48] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
Abstract
The association between pulmonary inflammation and lung cancer is well established. However, currently there are no appropriate models that recapitulate inflammation-related lung cancer in humans. In the present study, we examined, in 2 tumor bioassays, enhancement by bacterial lipopolysaccharide (LPS) of 4-(methylnitrosamino)-1-(3-pyridyl)-1-butanone (NNK)-induced lung tumorigenesis in A/J mice. Mice that were treated with NNK alone developed 29.6 ± 9.8 and 36.2 ± 4.1 lung tumors per mouse in experiments 1 and 2, respectively. Chronic intranasal instillation of LPS to NNK-treated mice increased the multiplicity of lung tumors to 47.3 ± 16.1 and 51.2 ± 4.8 lung tumors per mouse in experiments 1 and 2, corresponding to a significant increase by 60% and 41%, respectively. Moreover, administration of LPS to NNK-pretreated mice significantly increased the multiplicity of larger tumors and histopathologically more advanced lesions (adenoma with dysplasia and adenocarcinoma), macrophage recruitment to the peritumoral area, and expression of inflammation-, cell proliferation-, and survival-related proteins. Overall, our findings demonstrated the promise of the NNK-LPS-A/J mice model to better understand inflammation-driven lung cancer, dissect the molecular pathways involved, and identify more effective preventive and therapeutic agents against lung cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- T Melkamu
- Masonic Cancer Center, University of Minnesota, Mayo Mail Code 806, 420 Delaware Street SE, Minneapolis, MN 55455.
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