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Acute Effects of Whole-Body Electromyostimulation on Energy Expenditure at Resting and during Uphill Walking in Healthy Young Men. Metabolites 2022; 12:metabo12090781. [PMID: 36144186 PMCID: PMC9504893 DOI: 10.3390/metabo12090781] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/21/2022] [Revised: 08/19/2022] [Accepted: 08/21/2022] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
The effects of the different electrical frequencies of whole-body electrical stimulation (WB-EMS) on energy expenditure (EE) and the respiratory exchange ratio (RER) remain poorly understood. This study aimed to determine the effects of different WB-EMS electrical frequencies on EE and the RER during supine resting and uphill walking. A total of 10 healthy and recreationally active men (21.6 ± 3.3 years old) participated in the present study. Participants completed two testing sessions in a randomized order. In each session, a variety of impulse frequencies (1 hertz (Hz), 2 Hz, 4 Hz, 6 Hz, 8 Hz, and 10 Hz) were applied in a randomized order, allowing a 10 min passive recovery between them. Oxygen consumption and carbon dioxide production were measured to calculate EE and the RER. All frequencies increased EE at rest (all p ≤ 0.001), with 4 Hz being the frequency producing the highest increase (Δ = 8.89 ± 1.49 kcal/min), as did 6 Hz (Δ = 8.05 ± 1.52 kcal/min) and 8 Hz (Δ = 7.04 ± 2.16 kcal/min). An increment in the RER at rest was observed with 4 Hz, 6 Hz, 8 Hz and 10 Hz (all p ≤ 0.016), but not with 1 Hz and 2 Hz (p ≥ 0.923). During uphill walking, the frequency that elicited the highest increase in EE was 6 Hz (Δ = 4.87 ± 0.84 kcal/min) compared to the unstimulated condition. None of the impulse frequencies altered the RER during uphill walking. WB-EMS increases EE in healthy young men both during resting and uphill walking.
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O'Connor D, Lennon O, Minogue C, Caulfield B. Design considerations for the development of neuromuscular electrical stimulation (NMES) exercise in cancer rehabilitation. Disabil Rehabil 2020; 43:3117-3126. [PMID: 32116053 DOI: 10.1080/09638288.2020.1726510] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/24/2022]
Abstract
Aim: The aim of this narrative review is to explore design considerations for effective neuromuscular electrical stimulation exercise prescription in cancer rehabilitation, with simultaneous consideration for fundamental principles of exercise training and the current state of the art in neuromuscular electrical stimulation technologies and application methodologies.Method: Narrative review.Results: First, we consider the key neuromuscular electrical stimulation exercise design considerations, with a focus on training objectives and individual training requirements and constraints for individuals with cancer. Here, we contend that concurrent, low and high frequency neuromuscular electrical stimulation exercise, individually prescribed and progressed may be optimal for enhancing physical function. Second, we review the appropriate literature to identify the most appropriate stimulation parameters (pulse frequency, intensity, duration and duty cycle) to deliver effective neuromuscular electrical stimulation in cancer rehabilitation.Conclusions: We propose an informed and innovative neuromuscular electrical stimulation exercise intervention design and provide practical information for clinicians and practitioners who may work with and implement neuromuscular electrical stimulation exercise in cancer.Implications for rehabilitationNeuromuscular electrical stimulation is an emerging technology in cancer rehabilitation to help provide an aerobic and muscle strengthening exercise stimulus.Neuromuscular electrical stimulation may help improve aerobic exercise capacity, muscle strength and augment quality of life.Current prescription in cancer lacks adherence to the fundamental principles of exercise training, which may negatively affect adherence.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dominic O'Connor
- School of Public Health, Physiotherapy and Sports Science, University College Dublin, Dublin, Ireland.,Insight Centre for Data Analytics, University College Dublin, Dublin, Ireland
| | - Olive Lennon
- School of Public Health, Physiotherapy and Sports Science, University College Dublin, Dublin, Ireland
| | | | - Brian Caulfield
- School of Public Health, Physiotherapy and Sports Science, University College Dublin, Dublin, Ireland.,Insight Centre for Data Analytics, University College Dublin, Dublin, Ireland
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Prieur G, Combret Y, Bonnevie T, Gravier FE, Robledo Quesada A, Quieffin J, Lamia B, Medrinal C. Functional Electrical Stimulation Changes Muscle Oxygenation in Patients with Chronic Obstructive Pulmonary Disease During Moderate-Intensity Exercise: A Secondary Analysis. COPD 2019; 16:30-36. [PMID: 30821515 DOI: 10.1080/15412555.2018.1560402] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/29/2022]
Abstract
We previously showed that functional electrical stimulation during cycle ergometry (FES-cycling) increased oxygen consumption (VO2), indicating that metabolism during exercise was increased. However, the effects on muscle oxygenation have never been studied. The aim of this secondary analysis was to analyse changes in muscle oxygenation during an FES-cycling session. Eight patients with chronic obstructive pulmonary disease who were participating in a pulmonary rehabilitation programme were enrolled. Each participant carried out 30 minutes of cycle ergometry with a constant load at 50% of peak oxygen uptake, either (i) with FES or (ii) without (Placebo-FES). Oxygenation of the vastus lateralis (VL) muscle over time was measured using near-infrared spectroscopy (NIRS) during both sessions. External power output on the cycle ergometer was the same in both conditions. There were no differences in dyspnoea between the groups, although the concentrations of deoxygenated haemoglobin and myoglobin (deoxy(Hb + Mb)) in the VL were significantly greater during Placebo-FES than FES-Cycling (respectively +212 ± 65% vs. +84 ± 29%; p < 0.001), as was the decrease in muscle oxygen saturation (StO2) (p < 0.001). When adjusted for VO2, there was a greater increase over time in the deoxy(Hb + Mb)/VO2 ratio during Placebo-FES than FES-cycling (p < 0.0001). FES-cycling could be a useful strategy to decrease muscular deoxy(Hb + Mb) and limit decreases in muscle StO2, however this should be confirmed in larger studies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Guillaume Prieur
- a Normandie Univ, UNIROUEN, EA3830-GRHV , Rouen , France.,b Institute for Research and Innovation in Biomedicine (IRIB) , Rouen , France.,c Institut de Recherche Expérimentale et Clinique (IREC), Pôle de Pneumologie, ORL & Dermatologie, Groupe de Recherche en Kinésithérapie Respiratoire, Université Catholique de Louvain , Brussels , Belgium.,d Groupe Hospitalier du Havre, Pulmonology Department and Pulmonary Rehabilitation Department , Montivilliers , France
| | - Yann Combret
- e Institut de Recherche Expérimentale et Clinique (IREC), Pôle de Pneumologie, ORL & Dermatologie, Université Catholique de Louvain , Brussels , Belgium.,f Groupe Hospitalier du Havre, Physiotherapy Department , Montivilliers , France
| | - Tristan Bonnevie
- a Normandie Univ, UNIROUEN, EA3830-GRHV , Rouen , France.,b Institute for Research and Innovation in Biomedicine (IRIB) , Rouen , France.,g ADIR Association, Rouen University Hospital , Rouen , France
| | | | | | - Jean Quieffin
- h Groupe Hospitalier du Havre, Pulmonology Department , Montivilliers , France
| | - Bouchra Lamia
- a Normandie Univ, UNIROUEN, EA3830-GRHV , Rouen , France.,b Institute for Research and Innovation in Biomedicine (IRIB) , Rouen , France.,h Groupe Hospitalier du Havre, Pulmonology Department , Montivilliers , France
| | - Clement Medrinal
- a Normandie Univ, UNIROUEN, EA3830-GRHV , Rouen , France.,b Institute for Research and Innovation in Biomedicine (IRIB) , Rouen , France.,h Groupe Hospitalier du Havre, Pulmonology Department , Montivilliers , France
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Guzmán-González B, Llanos P, Calatayud J, Maffiuletti NA, Cruz-Montecinos C. Effect of neuromuscular electrical stimulation frequency on postprandial glycemia, current-related discomfort, and muscle soreness. A crossover study. Appl Physiol Nutr Metab 2019; 44:834-839. [PMID: 30620614 DOI: 10.1139/apnm-2018-0801] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
Consensus is lacking regarding optimal neuromuscular electrical stimulation (NMES) parameters for postprandial glycemic control. Therefore, the aim of this study was to determine the NMES frequency inducing the greatest hypoglycemic effect in healthy individuals. The secondary aim was to compare current-related discomfort and muscle soreness between different frequencies. We conducted an experimental clinical study with a randomized crossover design. Sixteen healthy and sedentary participants received NMES for 20 min at 5, 10, or 50 Hz (pulse duration: 400 μs, on-off ratio: 4:12 s) following a standardized meal. Glycemia, discomfort, and muscle soreness during and after NMES were compared between conditions. Five-hertz NMES generated a significant hypoglycemic effect, contrary to 10 Hz and 50 Hz. Ten-hertz and 50-Hz NMES resulted respectively in lower current-related discomfort and greater muscle soreness compared with the other frequencies. Women reported higher discomfort than men. These findings contribute towards the possibility of more efficient long-term NMES treatments in terms of glycemic response and patient tolerance.
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Affiliation(s)
- Benjamín Guzmán-González
- a Laboratory of Clinical Biomechanics, Department of Physical Therapy, Faculty of Medicine, University of Chile, Santiago 8380453, Chile
| | - Pablo Llanos
- b Department of Physical Therapy, Faculty of Medicine, University of Chile, Santiago 8380453, Chile
| | - Joaquín Calatayud
- c Exercise Intervention for Health Research Group (EXINH-RG), Department of Physiotherapy, University of Valencia, Valencia 46010, Spain; National Research Centre for the Working Environment, Copenhagen 2100, Denmark
| | | | - Carlos Cruz-Montecinos
- e Laboratory of Clinical Biomechanics, Department of Physical Therapy, Faculty of Medicine, University of Chile, Santiago 8380453, Chile.,f Laboratory of Biomechanics and Kinesiology, San José Hospital, Santiago 8380419, Chile
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Taylor MJ, Fornusek C, Ruys AJ. The duty cycle in Functional Electrical Stimulation research. Part II: Duty cycle multiplicity and domain reporting. Eur J Transl Myol 2018; 28:7733. [PMID: 30662696 PMCID: PMC6317134 DOI: 10.4081/ejtm.2018.7733] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/02/2018] [Accepted: 09/21/2018] [Indexed: 12/17/2022] Open
Abstract
In part I of this review, we introduced the duty cycle as a fundamental parameter in controlling the effect of electrical stimulation pulse trains on muscle structural and functional properties with special emphasis on fatigue. Following on from a survey of the literature, we discuss here the relative ability of intermittent and continuous stimulation to fatigue muscle. In addition, pertinent literature is explored on a more deeper level, highlighting contentions regarding the duty cycle across studies. In response to literature inconsistencies, we propose frameworks upon which the duty cycle parameter may be specified. We present the idea of domain reporting for the duty cycle, and illustrate with practical examples. In addition we dig further into the literature and present a set of notations that have been used by different researchers to report the duty cycle. We also propose the idea of the duty cycle multiple, which together with domain reporting, will help researchers understand more precisely duty cycles of electrical stimulation. As a case study, we also show how the duty cycle has been looked at by researchers in the context of pressure sore attenuation in patients. Together with part I, it is hoped that the frameworks suggested provide a complete picture of how duty cycle has been discussed across the literature, and gives researchers a more trans-theoretical basis upon which they may report the duty cycle in their studies. This may also lead to a more precise specification of electrical stimulation protocols used in patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Matthew J. Taylor
- Faculty of Engineering and IT, University of Sydney, Camperdown, Australia
- Charles Perkins Centre, University of Sydney, Camperdown, Australia
| | - Ché Fornusek
- Faculty of Medicine and Health, University of Sydney, Lidcombe, Australia
| | - Andrew J. Ruys
- Faculty of Engineering and IT, University of Sydney, Camperdown, Australia
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Barikroo A, Carnaby G, Bolser D, Rozensky R, Crary M. Transcutaneous electrical stimulation on the anterior neck region: The impact of pulse duration and frequency on maximum amplitude tolerance and perceived discomfort. J Oral Rehabil 2018; 45:436-441. [PMID: 29574920 DOI: 10.1111/joor.12625] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 03/12/2018] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
Maximum amplitude tolerance (MAT) has been known as a primary factor determining the depth of electrical current penetration. However, the effect of varying transcutaneous electrical stimulation (TES) parameters on MAT and discomfort level is poorly understood. Furthermore, limited information exists regarding the biopsychological factors that may impact MAT and discomfort. The primary aims of this study were to compare the effects TES protocol with varying levels of pulse duration (300 μs vs 700 μs) and frequency (30 Hz vs 80 Hz) on the MAT and discomfort in healthy older adults. The exploratory aim of this study was to examine relationships between submental adipose tissue thickness, pain sensitivity and gender with MAT and discomfort. Twenty-four healthy older adults participated in this study. Transcutaneous electrical stimulation was delivered to the submental region. Maximum amplitude tolerance and discomfort were measured for each condition. Furthermore, submental adipose tissue thickness and pain sensitivity were measured for each subject. Maximum amplitude tolerance was significantly increased for the TES protocols with short-pulse duration [F (3, 69) = 38.695, P < .0001]. Discomfort was similar across different TES protocols. Submental adipose tissue thickness (r = .30, P < .003) and pain sensitivity (r = -.43, P < .0001) were related to MAT. Pain sensitivity rating was also related to discomfort (r = .45, P < .0001). In conclusion, using TES protocols with short-pulse duration may increase the MAT. Higher amplitude stimulation may increase the impact on deep swallowing muscles. In addition, submental adipose tissue thickness and pain sensitivity are potential biopsychological factors that may affect MAT and discomfort.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ali Barikroo
- Swallowing Physiology and Rehabilitation Research Laboratory, Department of Speech Pathology and Audiology, Kent State University, Kent, OH, USA
| | - Giselle Carnaby
- Swallowing Research Laboratory, Department of Communication Sciences and Disorders, University of Central Florida, Orlando, FL, USA
| | - Donald Bolser
- Department of Physiological Sciences, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL, USA
| | - Ronald Rozensky
- Department of Clinical and Health Psychology, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL, USA
| | - Michael Crary
- Swallowing Research Laboratory, Department of Communication Sciences and Disorders, University of Central Florida, Orlando, FL, USA
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Medrinal C, Prieur G, Combret Y, Quesada AR, Debeaumont D, Bonnevie T, Gravier FE, Dupuis Lozeron E, Quieffin J, Contal O, Lamia B. Functional Electrical Stimulation-A New Therapeutic Approach to Enhance Exercise Intensity in Chronic Obstructive Pulmonary Disease Patients: A Randomized, Controlled Crossover Trial. Arch Phys Med Rehabil 2018. [PMID: 29524398 DOI: 10.1016/j.apmr.2018.02.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE To evaluate the effect of quadriceps functional electrical stimulation (FES)-cycling on exertional oxygen uptake (V˙o2) compared with placebo FES-cycling in patients with chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD). DESIGN A randomized, single-blind, placebo-controlled crossover trial. SETTING Pulmonary rehabilitation department. PARTICIPANTS Consecutive patients (N=23) with COPD Global Initiative for Chronic Obstructive Lung Disease stage 2, 3, or 4 (mean forced expiratory volume during the first second, 1.4±0.4L [50.3% predicted]) who had recently begun a respiratory rehabilitation program. INTERVENTION Two consecutive 30-minute sessions were carried out at a constant load with active and placebo FES-cycling. MAIN OUTCOME MEASURES The primary outcome was mean V˙o2 during the 30-minute exercise session. The secondary outcomes were respiratory gas exchange and hemodynamic parameters averaged over the 30-minute endurance session. Lactate values, dyspnea, and perceived muscle fatigue were evaluated at the end of the sessions. RESULTS FES-cycling increased the physiological response more than the placebo, with a greater V˙o2 achieved of 36.6mL/min (95% confidence interval [CI], 8.9-64.3mL/min) (P=.01). There was also a greater increase in lactate after FES-cycling (+1.5mmol/L [95% CI, .05-2.9mmol/L]; P=.01). FES-cycling did not change dyspnea or muscle fatigue compared with the placebo condition. CONCLUSIONS FES-cycling effectively increased exercise intensity in patients with COPD. Further studies should evaluate longer-term FES-cycling rehabilitation programs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Clément Medrinal
- Normandy University, UNIROUEN, and the Institute for Research and Innovation in Biomedicine, Rouen, France; Pulmonology Department, Le Havre Hospital, Montivilliers, France.
| | - Guillaume Prieur
- Pulmonology Department, Le Havre Hospital, Montivilliers, France
| | - Yann Combret
- Institute for Experimental Research, Pulmonology, ORL & Dermatology, Catholic University of Louvain, Brussels, Belgium; Physiotherapy Department, Le Havre Hospital, Montivilliers, France
| | | | - David Debeaumont
- Exercise and Respiratory Physiology Department, Bois Guillaume Hospital, Rouen University Hospital, Rouen Cedex, France
| | - Tristan Bonnevie
- Normandy University, UNIROUEN, and the Institute for Research and Innovation in Biomedicine, Rouen, France; ADIR Association, Bois Guillaume, France
| | | | - Elise Dupuis Lozeron
- Division of Clinical Epidemiology, Geneva University Hospitals, Geneva, Switzerland
| | - Jean Quieffin
- Pulmonology Department, Le Havre Hospital, Montivilliers, France
| | - Olivier Contal
- University of Applied Sciences and Arts of Western Switzerland (HES-SO), Lausanne, Switzerland
| | - Bouchra Lamia
- Normandy University, UNIROUEN, and the Institute for Research and Innovation in Biomedicine, Rouen, France; Pulmonology Department, Le Havre Hospital, Montivilliers, France; Intensive Care Unit, Respiratory Department, Rouen University Hospital, Rouen, France
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Medrinal C, Prieur G, Debeaumont D, Robledo Quesada A, Combret Y, Quieffin J, Contal O, Lamia B. Comparison of oxygen uptake during cycle ergometry with and without functional electrical stimulation in patients with COPD: protocol for a randomised, single-blind, placebo-controlled, cross-over trial. BMJ Open Respir Res 2016; 3:e000130. [PMID: 27110364 PMCID: PMC4838753 DOI: 10.1136/bmjresp-2016-000130] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/02/2016] [Revised: 03/14/2016] [Accepted: 03/15/2016] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Introduction Chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) has systemic repercussions that can lead to peripheral muscle dysfunction. Muscle atrophy reduces aerobic capacity, greatly limiting activities of daily living and quality of life. Pulmonary rehabilitation is the gold standard treatment for these patients, however, patients may not be able to reach sufficient training intensities for benefits to occur. Technologies such as functional electrical stimulation (FES) are currently being adapted and tested to enhance exercise training. We hypothesise that FES coupled with cycling (FES-cycling) will improve maximal uptake of oxygen (VO2) and aerobic capacity more than endurance training with placebo stimulation. Methods A randomised, single-blind, placebo-controlled crossover trial will be carried out to evaluate the effects of FES-cycling on VO2 during endurance exercise on a cycle ergometer in patients with COPD. 25 patients with COPD will carry out two 30 min sessions at a constant load; one session with active and one with placebo FES. The primary outcome is oxygen uptake recorded with a metabolic measurement system. Secondary outcomes include ventilation equivalent for oxygen, ventilation equivalent for carbon dioxide, cardiac output, lactate values, perceived dyspnoea and perceived muscle fatigue. Results and conclusions Approval has been granted by our Institutional Review Board (Comité de Protection des Personnes Nord-Ouest 3). The results of the trial will be presented at national and international meetings and published in peer-reviewed journals. Trial registration number NCT02594722.
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Affiliation(s)
- Clément Medrinal
- Pulmonology Department, Groupe Hospitalier du Havre, Montivilliers, France; Groupe de Recherche sur le Handicap Ventilatoire, UPRES EA 3830, Haute-Normandie Institute of Biomedical Research and Innovation, Rouen University, Rouen, France
| | - Guillaume Prieur
- Pulmonology Department , Groupe Hospitalier du Havre , Montivilliers , France
| | - David Debeaumont
- Unité de Physiologie Respiratoire et Sportive , Hôpital de Bois Guillaume, CHU de Rouen , Rouen , France
| | | | - Yann Combret
- Physiotherapy Department , Groupe Hospitalier du Havre , Montivilliers , France
| | - Jean Quieffin
- Pulmonology Department , Hôpital Jacques Monod , Montivilliers , France
| | - Olivier Contal
- University of Applied Sciences and Arts Western Switzerland (HES-SO) , Lausanne , Switzerland
| | - Bouchra Lamia
- Intensive Care Unit, Respiratory Department, Rouen University Hospital, Rouen, France; Groupe de Recherche sur le Handicap Ventilatoire, UPRES EA 3830, Haute-Normandie Institute of Biomedical Research and Innovation, Rouen University, Rouen, France
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Tasdemir F, Inal-Ince D, Ergun P, Kaymaz D, Demir N, Demirci E, Egesel N. Neuromuscular electrical stimulation as an adjunct to endurance and resistance training during pulmonary rehabilitation in stable chronic obstructive pulmonary disease. Expert Rev Respir Med 2015; 9:493-502. [DOI: 10.1586/17476348.2015.1068691] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
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Herzig D, Maffiuletti NA, Eser P. The Application of Neuromuscular Electrical Stimulation Training in Various Non-neurologic Patient Populations: A Narrative Review. PM R 2015; 7:1167-1178. [DOI: 10.1016/j.pmrj.2015.03.022] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/10/2014] [Revised: 03/24/2015] [Accepted: 03/27/2015] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
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An Energetic Model of Low Frequency Isometric Neuromuscular Electrical Stimulation. Ann Biomed Eng 2014; 43:1865-76. [PMID: 25527318 DOI: 10.1007/s10439-014-1213-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/09/2014] [Accepted: 12/04/2014] [Indexed: 10/24/2022]
Abstract
The objective of this study was to evaluate whether an adapted Hill-type model of muscle energetics could account for the relatively high energy turnover observed during low frequency isometric Neuromuscular Electrical Stimulation (NMES). A previously validated Hill-based model was adapted to estimate the energy consumption due to muscle activation, force maintenance and internal shortening of the muscle during isometric NMES. Quadriceps muscle model parameters were identified for 10 healthy subjects based on the experimentally measured torque response to isometric stimulation at 8 Hz. Model predictions of torque and energy consumption rates across the stimulation range 1-12 Hz were compared with experimental data recorded from the same subjects. The model provided estimates in close agreement with the experimental values for the group mean energy consumption rate across the frequency range tested, (R adj (2) = 0.98), although prediction of individual data points for all frequencies and all subjects was more variable, (R adj (2) = 0.70). The model suggests that approximately one-third of the energy between 4 and 6 Hz is due to shortening heat. The model provides a means of identifying optimal therapeutic stimulation patterns for sustained incremental oxygen uptake at minimum torque output for a given muscle and provides insight into the energetic components involved.
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Minogue CM, Caulfield BM, Lowery MM. Whole body oxygen uptake and evoked torque during subtetanic isometric electrical stimulation of the quadriceps muscles in a single 30-minute session. Arch Phys Med Rehabil 2014; 95:1750-8. [PMID: 24769070 DOI: 10.1016/j.apmr.2014.04.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/07/2014] [Revised: 03/14/2014] [Accepted: 04/04/2014] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE To evaluate the time course of fatigue in torque output and oxygen uptake during isometric subtetanic neuromuscular electrical stimulation (NMES) to facilitate the design of NMES-based rehabilitation protocols that can accumulate a defined aerobic exercise volume within a given time period. DESIGN Single-arm intervention study with within-subject comparisons. SETTING University research laboratory. PARTICIPANTS Volunteer sample of healthy men (N=11; mean age, 34.2 ± 11.5 y; range, 19-53 y; body mass, 79.1 ± 11.7 kg; range, 58-100 kg). INTERVENTION A single 30-minute session of continuous bilateral isometric quadriceps NMES at 4 Hz evoking a mean twitch amplitude of 12% of the maximum voluntary contraction. MAIN OUTCOME MEASURES Whole body oxygen consumption rate (V˙o2), and evoked torque were measured simultaneously throughout. RESULTS Mean increment in V˙o2 was 596 ± 238 mL/min, and average exercise intensity during the session was 3 ±.47 metabolic equivalents. The V˙o2 and torque declined slowly at a rate of -.54%±.31% and -.47%±.57% per minute, respectively. CONCLUSIONS Despite having a higher incremental V˙o2, the observed fatigue rate was considerably less than that previously reported during intermittent isometric tetanic stimulation, suggesting that subtetanic isometric NMES is more sustainable for exercise interventions aimed at accumulating a therapeutic aerobic exercise volume.
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Affiliation(s)
- Conor M Minogue
- School of Electrical, Electronic and Communications Engineering, University College, Dublin, Ireland.
| | - Brian M Caulfield
- School of Public Health, Physiotherapy and Population Science, University College, Dublin, Ireland
| | - Madeleine M Lowery
- School of Electrical, Electronic and Communications Engineering, University College, Dublin, Ireland
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