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Drop M, Jacquot F, Canale V, Chaumont-Dubel S, Walczak M, Satała G, Nosalska K, Mahoro GU, Słoczyńska K, Piska K, Lamoine S, Pękala E, Masurier N, Bojarski AJ, Pawłowski M, Martinez J, Subra G, Bantreil X, Lamaty F, Eschalier A, Marin P, Courteix C, Zajdel P. Neuropathic pain-alleviating activity of novel 5-HT 6 receptor inverse agonists derived from 2-aryl-1H-pyrrole-3-carboxamide. Bioorg Chem 2021; 115:105218. [PMID: 34365058 DOI: 10.1016/j.bioorg.2021.105218] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/31/2021] [Revised: 07/16/2021] [Accepted: 07/24/2021] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
The diverse signaling pathways engaged by serotonin type 6 receptor (5-HT6R) together with its high constitutive activity suggests different types of pharmacological interventions for the treatment of CNS disorders. Non-physiological activation of mTOR kinase by constitutively active 5-HT6R under neuropathic pain conditions focused our attention on the possible repurposing of 5-HT6R inverse agonists as a strategy to treat painful symptoms associated with neuropathies of different etiologies. Herein, we report the identification of compound 33 derived from the library of 2-aryl-1H-pyrrole-3-carboxamides as a potential analgesic agent. Compound 33 behaves as a potent 5-HT6R inverse agonist at Gs, Cdk5, and mTOR signaling. Preliminary ADME/Tox studies revealed preferential distribution of 33 to the CNS and placed it in the low-risk safety space. Finally, compound 33 dose-dependently reduced tactile allodynia in spinal nerve ligation (SNL)-induced neuropathic rats.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marcin Drop
- Faculty of Pharmacy, Jagiellonian University Medical College, 9 Medyczna Str., 30-688 Kraków, Poland; IBMM, Université de Montpellier, CNRS, ENSCM, 34095 Montpellier, France
| | - Florian Jacquot
- Université Clermont Auvergne, INSERM U1107, NEURO-DOL, F-63000 Clermont-Ferrand, France
| | - Vittorio Canale
- Faculty of Pharmacy, Jagiellonian University Medical College, 9 Medyczna Str., 30-688 Kraków, Poland
| | - Severine Chaumont-Dubel
- Institut de Génomique Fonctionelle, Université de Montpellier, CNRS INSERM, 34094 Montpellier, France
| | - Maria Walczak
- Faculty of Pharmacy, Jagiellonian University Medical College, 9 Medyczna Str., 30-688 Kraków, Poland
| | - Grzegorz Satała
- Maj Institute of Pharmacology, Polish Academy of Sciences, 12 Smętna Str., 31-343 Kraków, Poland
| | - Klaudia Nosalska
- Faculty of Pharmacy, Jagiellonian University Medical College, 9 Medyczna Str., 30-688 Kraków, Poland
| | | | - Karolina Słoczyńska
- Faculty of Pharmacy, Jagiellonian University Medical College, 9 Medyczna Str., 30-688 Kraków, Poland
| | - Kamil Piska
- Faculty of Pharmacy, Jagiellonian University Medical College, 9 Medyczna Str., 30-688 Kraków, Poland
| | - Sylvain Lamoine
- Université Clermont Auvergne, INSERM U1107, NEURO-DOL, F-63000 Clermont-Ferrand, France
| | - Elżbieta Pękala
- Faculty of Pharmacy, Jagiellonian University Medical College, 9 Medyczna Str., 30-688 Kraków, Poland
| | - Nicolas Masurier
- IBMM, Université de Montpellier, CNRS, ENSCM, 34095 Montpellier, France
| | - Andrzej J Bojarski
- Maj Institute of Pharmacology, Polish Academy of Sciences, 12 Smętna Str., 31-343 Kraków, Poland
| | - Maciej Pawłowski
- Faculty of Pharmacy, Jagiellonian University Medical College, 9 Medyczna Str., 30-688 Kraków, Poland
| | - Jean Martinez
- IBMM, Université de Montpellier, CNRS, ENSCM, 34095 Montpellier, France
| | - Gilles Subra
- IBMM, Université de Montpellier, CNRS, ENSCM, 34095 Montpellier, France
| | - Xavier Bantreil
- IBMM, Université de Montpellier, CNRS, ENSCM, 34095 Montpellier, France
| | - Frédéric Lamaty
- IBMM, Université de Montpellier, CNRS, ENSCM, 34095 Montpellier, France
| | - Alain Eschalier
- Université Clermont Auvergne, INSERM U1107, NEURO-DOL, F-63000 Clermont-Ferrand, France
| | - Philippe Marin
- Institut de Génomique Fonctionelle, Université de Montpellier, CNRS INSERM, 34094 Montpellier, France
| | - Christine Courteix
- Université Clermont Auvergne, INSERM U1107, NEURO-DOL, F-63000 Clermont-Ferrand, France
| | - Paweł Zajdel
- Faculty of Pharmacy, Jagiellonian University Medical College, 9 Medyczna Str., 30-688 Kraków, Poland.
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Cha M, Choi S, Kim K, Lee BH. Manganese-enhanced MRI depicts a reduction in brain responses to nociception upon mTOR inhibition in chronic pain rats. Mol Brain 2020; 13:158. [PMID: 33267907 PMCID: PMC7713325 DOI: 10.1186/s13041-020-00687-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/09/2020] [Accepted: 10/17/2020] [Indexed: 11/30/2022] Open
Abstract
Neuropathic pain induced by a nerve injury can lead to chronic pain. Recent studies have reported hyperactive neural activities in the nociceptive-related area of the brain as a result of chronic pain. Although cerebral activities associated with hyperalgesia and allodynia in chronic pain models are difficult to represent with functional imaging techniques, advances in manganese (Mn)-enhanced magnetic resonance imaging (MEMRI) could facilitate the visualization of the activation of pain-specific neural responses in the cerebral cortex. In order to investigate the alleviation of pain nociception by mammalian target of rapamycin (mTOR) modulation, we observed cerebrocortical excitability changes and compared regional Mn2+ enhancement after mTOR inhibition. At day 7 after nerve injury, drugs were applied into the intracortical area, and drug (Vehicle, Torin1, and XL388) effects were compared within groups using MEMRI. Therein, signal intensities of the insular cortex (IC), primary somatosensory cortex of the hind limb region, motor cortex 1/2, and anterior cingulate cortex regions were significantly reduced after application of mTOR inhibitors (Torin1 and XL388). Furthermore, rostral-caudal analysis of the IC indicated that the rostral region of the IC was more strongly associated with pain perception than the caudal region. Our data suggest that MEMRI can depict pain-related signal changes in the brain and that mTOR inhibition is closely correlated with pain modulation in chronic pain rats.
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Affiliation(s)
- Myeounghoon Cha
- Department of Physiology, Yonsei University College of Medicine, 50-1, Yonsei-ro, Seodaemun-gu, 03722, Seoul, Republic of Korea.
| | - Songyeon Choi
- Department of Physiology, Yonsei University College of Medicine, 50-1, Yonsei-ro, Seodaemun-gu, 03722, Seoul, Republic of Korea.,Brain Korea 21 PLUS Project for Medical Science, Yonsei University College of Medicine, 03722, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Kyeongmin Kim
- Department of Physiology, Yonsei University College of Medicine, 50-1, Yonsei-ro, Seodaemun-gu, 03722, Seoul, Republic of Korea.,Brain Korea 21 PLUS Project for Medical Science, Yonsei University College of Medicine, 03722, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Bae Hwan Lee
- Department of Physiology, Yonsei University College of Medicine, 50-1, Yonsei-ro, Seodaemun-gu, 03722, Seoul, Republic of Korea. .,Brain Korea 21 PLUS Project for Medical Science, Yonsei University College of Medicine, 03722, Seoul, Republic of Korea.
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Saffarpour S, Nasirinezhad F. The CA1 hippocampal serotonin alterations involved in anxiety-like behavior induced by sciatic nerve injury in rats. Scand J Pain 2020; 21:135-144. [PMID: 32892185 DOI: 10.1515/sjpain-2020-0037] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/01/2020] [Accepted: 07/15/2020] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVES Several clinical and experimental studies reported the anxiety as one of the neuropathic pain comorbidities; however, the mechanisms involved in this comorbidity are incompletely cleared. The current study investigated the consequence of pain induced by peripheral neuropathy on the serotonin (5-HT) level of the CA1 region of the hippocampus, which is known as a potential reason, for anxiety associated with neuropathic pain. METHODS In this manner, 72 male rats were inconstantly subdivided into three experimental groups as follows: control, sham, and chronic constriction injury (CCI). Neuropathic pain was initiated by the CCI of the sciatic nerve, and then, mechanical allodynia, thermal hyperalgesia, and anxiety-like behavior were evaluated using the von Frey filaments, radiant heat, open field test (OFT), and elevated plus maze (EPM) respectively. To investigate the probable mechanisms, the in vivo extracellular levels of 5-HT were assessed by microdialysis and using reverse-phase high-pressure liquid chromatography (HPLC) in the CA1 region of hippocampus on days 16 and 30 post-CCI. RESULTS Our data suggested that CCI caused anxiety-like behavior in OFT and EPM test. 5-HT concentration in the CA1 region of the hippocampus significantly (F=43.8, p=0.000) reduced in CCI rats, when the pain threshold was minimum. Nevertheless, these alterations reversed while the pain threshold innate increased. CONCLUSIONS Neuropathic pain, initiated by constriction of the sciatic nerve can induce anxiety-like behavior in rats. This effect accompanies the reduction in 5-HT concentration in the CA1 region of the hippocampus. When the pain spontaneously alleviated, 5-HT level increased and anxiety-like behavior relieved.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sepideh Saffarpour
- Neuroscience Research Center, Neuropharmacology Institute, Kerman University of Medical Sciences, Kerman, Iran
| | - Farinaz Nasirinezhad
- Physiological Research Center, Department of Physiology, Iran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
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Xu B, Liu SS, Wei J, Jiao ZY, Mo C, Lv CM, Huang AL, Chen QB, Ma L, Guan XH. Role of Spinal Cord Akt-mTOR Signaling Pathways in Postoperative Hyperalgesia Induced by Plantar Incision in Mice. Front Neurosci 2020; 14:766. [PMID: 32848550 PMCID: PMC7396510 DOI: 10.3389/fnins.2020.00766] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/19/2020] [Accepted: 06/29/2020] [Indexed: 12/29/2022] Open
Abstract
Poor postoperative pain (POP) control increases perioperative morbidity, prolongs hospitalization days, and causes chronic pain. However, the specific mechanism(s) underlying POP is unclear and the identification of optimal perioperative treatment remains elusive. Akt and mammalian target of rapamycin (mTOR) are expressed in the spinal cord, dorsal root ganglion, and sensory axons. In this study, we explored the role of Akt and mTOR in pain-related behaviors induced by plantar incision in mice. Plantar incision activated spinal Akt and mTOR in a dose-dependent manner. Pre-treatment with Akt inhibitors intrathecally prevented the activation of mTOR dose-dependently. In addition, blocking the Akt-mTOR signaling cascade attenuated pain-related behaviors and spinal Fos protein expression induced by plantar incision. Our observations demonstrate that Akt-mTOR might be a potential therapeutic target for the treatment of POP.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bing Xu
- Department of Rehabilitation, The People's Hospital of Guangxi Zhuang Autonomous Region, Nanning, China
| | - Su-Su Liu
- Department of Anesthesiology, The People's Hospital of Guangxi Zhuang Autonomous Region, Nanning, China
| | - Jin Wei
- Department of Anesthesiology, The People's Hospital of Guangxi Zhuang Autonomous Region, Nanning, China
| | - Zi-Yin Jiao
- Department of Anesthesiology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Guangxi Medical University, Nanning, China
| | - Cheng Mo
- Department of Anesthesiology, The People's Hospital of Guangxi Zhuang Autonomous Region, Nanning, China
| | - Cheng-Mei Lv
- Department of Anesthesiology, The People's Hospital of Guangxi Zhuang Autonomous Region, Nanning, China
| | - Ai-Lan Huang
- Department of Anesthesiology, The People's Hospital of Guangxi Zhuang Autonomous Region, Nanning, China
| | - Qi-Bo Chen
- Department of Rehabilitation, The People's Hospital of Guangxi Zhuang Autonomous Region, Nanning, China
| | - Li Ma
- Department of Anesthesiology, The People's Hospital of Guangxi Zhuang Autonomous Region, Nanning, China
| | - Xue-Hai Guan
- Department of Anesthesiology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Guangxi Medical University, Nanning, China
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Luo X, He T, Wang Y, Wang JL, Yan XB, Zhou HC, Wang RR, Du R, Wang XL, Chen J, Huang D. Ceftriaxone Relieves Trigeminal Neuropathic Pain Through Suppression of Spatiotemporal Synaptic Plasticity via Restoration of Glutamate Transporter 1 in the Medullary Dorsal Horn. Front Cell Neurosci 2020; 14:199. [PMID: 32714151 PMCID: PMC7340123 DOI: 10.3389/fncel.2020.00199] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/12/2020] [Accepted: 06/08/2020] [Indexed: 12/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Using a rat model of trigeminal neuropathic pain (TNP) produced by chronic compression of the infraorbital nerve (CCI-ION), we investigated the analgesic effect and the underlying mechanisms of ceftriaxone (Cef), a β-lactam antibiotic, that is thought to be a potent stimulator of glutamate transporter 1 (GLT-1). First, repeated intraperitoneal (i.p.) injections of Cef (200 mg/kg) for 5-days since Day 1 of CCI-ION could significantly relieve both mechanical and thermal pain hypersensitivity from day 10 after drug administration. Western blot and immunofluorescent results demonstrated that 5-days administration of Cef resulted in the restoration of GLT-1 expression to a level equivalent to the sham control which was dramatically lost under the TNP condition. Moreover, multi-electrode (8 × 8) array recordings of network field excitatory postsynaptic potentials (fEPSPs) were performed on the acutely dissociated medullary dorsal horn slice evoked by electrical stimulation of the trigeminal spinal tract. The results showed that the increased number of fEPSPs, induction rate, and maintenance of long-term potentiation caused by CCI-ION were significantly suppressed by 5-days administration of Cef. Taken together, the results indicate that Cef can relieve TNP through suppression of spatiotemporal synaptic plasticity via GLT-1 restoration in the medullary dorsal horn of the trigeminal nerve.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiao Luo
- Department of Pain Management, The Third Xiangya Hospital, Institute of Pain Medicine, Central South University, Changsha, China
| | - Ting He
- Institute for Biomedical Sciences of Pain, Tangdu Hospital, The Fourth Military Medical University, Xi'an, China.,Key Laboratory of Brain Stress and Behavior, People's Liberation Army, Xi'an, China
| | - Yan Wang
- Institute for Biomedical Sciences of Pain, Tangdu Hospital, The Fourth Military Medical University, Xi'an, China.,Key Laboratory of Brain Stress and Behavior, People's Liberation Army, Xi'an, China
| | - Jiang-Lin Wang
- Institute for Biomedical Sciences of Pain, Tangdu Hospital, The Fourth Military Medical University, Xi'an, China.,Department of Pain Management, The Affiliated Hospital of Southwest Medical University, Luzhou, China
| | - Xue-Bin Yan
- Department of Pain Management, The Third Xiangya Hospital, Institute of Pain Medicine, Central South University, Changsha, China
| | - Hao-Cheng Zhou
- Department of Pain Management, The Third Xiangya Hospital, Institute of Pain Medicine, Central South University, Changsha, China
| | - Rui-Rui Wang
- Institute for Biomedical Sciences of Pain, Tangdu Hospital, The Fourth Military Medical University, Xi'an, China.,Key Laboratory of Brain Stress and Behavior, People's Liberation Army, Xi'an, China
| | - Rui Du
- Institute for Biomedical Sciences of Pain, Tangdu Hospital, The Fourth Military Medical University, Xi'an, China
| | - Xiao-Liang Wang
- Institute for Biomedical Sciences of Pain, Tangdu Hospital, The Fourth Military Medical University, Xi'an, China.,Key Laboratory of Brain Stress and Behavior, People's Liberation Army, Xi'an, China
| | - Jun Chen
- Institute for Biomedical Sciences of Pain, Tangdu Hospital, The Fourth Military Medical University, Xi'an, China.,Key Laboratory of Brain Stress and Behavior, People's Liberation Army, Xi'an, China
| | - Dong Huang
- Department of Pain Management, The Third Xiangya Hospital, Institute of Pain Medicine, Central South University, Changsha, China
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He WY, Zhang B, Zhao WC, He J, Zhang L, Xiong QM, Wang J, Wang HB. Contributions of mTOR Activation-Mediated Upregulation of Synapsin II and Neurite Outgrowth to Hyperalgesia in STZ-Induced Diabetic Rats. ACS Chem Neurosci 2019; 10:2385-2396. [PMID: 30785256 DOI: 10.1021/acschemneuro.8b00680] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
Painful diabetic neuropathy (PDN) is among the common complications in diabetes mellitus (DM), with its underlying mechanisms largely unknown. Synapsin II is primarily expressed in the spinal dorsal horn, and its upregulation mediates a superfluous release of glutamate and a deficiency of GABAergic interneuron synaptic transmission, which is directly implicated in the facilitation of pain signals in the hyperalgesic nociceptive response. Recently, synapsin II has been revealed to be associated with the modulation of neurite outgrowth, whereas the process of this neuronal structural neuroplasticity following neuronal hyperexcitability still remains unclear. In this study, we found that under conditions of elevated glucose, TNF-α induced the activation of mTOR, mediating the upregulation of synapsin II and neurite outgrowth in dorsal horn neurons. In vivo, we demonstrated that mTOR and synapsin II were upregulated and coexpressed in the spinal dorsal horn neurons in rats with streptozotocin (STZ)-induced diabetes. Furthermore, the intrathecal administration of the mTOR inhibitor rapamycin or synapsin II shRNA significantly diminished the expression of synapsin II, effectively mitigating hyperalgesia in PDN rats. We are the first to discover that in STZ-induced diabetic rats the activation of mTOR mediates the upregulation of synapsin II and neurite outgrowth, both contributing to hyperalgesia. These findings may benefit the clinical therapy of PDN by provision of a novel target.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wan-you He
- Department of Anesthesiology, The First People’s Hospital of Foshan, 81# North of Ling Nan Road, Foshan 528000, China
| | - Bin Zhang
- Department of Anesthesiology, The First People’s Hospital of Foshan, 81# North of Ling Nan Road, Foshan 528000, China
| | - Wei-cheng Zhao
- Department of Anesthesiology, The First People’s Hospital of Foshan, 81# North of Ling Nan Road, Foshan 528000, China
| | - Jian He
- Department of Anesthesiology, The First People’s Hospital of Foshan, 81# North of Ling Nan Road, Foshan 528000, China
| | - Lei Zhang
- Department of Anesthesiology, The First People’s Hospital of Foshan, 81# North of Ling Nan Road, Foshan 528000, China
| | - Qing-ming Xiong
- Department of Anesthesiology, The First People’s Hospital of Foshan, 81# North of Ling Nan Road, Foshan 528000, China
| | - Jing Wang
- Department of Anesthesiology, The First People’s Hospital of Foshan, 81# North of Ling Nan Road, Foshan 528000, China
| | - Han-bing Wang
- Department of Anesthesiology, The First People’s Hospital of Foshan, 81# North of Ling Nan Road, Foshan 528000, China
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Metabotropic Glutamate Receptor 5 and 8 Modulate the Ameliorative Effect of Ultramicronized Palmitoylethanolamide on Cognitive Decline Associated with Neuropathic Pain. Int J Mol Sci 2019; 20:ijms20071757. [PMID: 30970677 PMCID: PMC6480075 DOI: 10.3390/ijms20071757] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/12/2019] [Revised: 04/03/2019] [Accepted: 04/04/2019] [Indexed: 12/23/2022] Open
Abstract
This study investigated whether metabotropic glutamate receptor (mGluR) 5 and 8 are involved in the effect of ultramicronizedpalmitoylethanolamide (um-PEA) on the cognitive behavior and long term potentiation (LTP) at entorhinal cortex (LEC)-dentate gyrus (DG) pathway in mice rendered neuropathic by the spare nerve injury (SNI). SNI reduced discriminative memory and LTP. Um-PEA treatment started after the development of neuropathic pain had no effects in sham mice, whereas it restored cognitive behavior and LTP in SNI mice. 2-Methyl-6-(phenylethynyl) pyridine (MPEP), a selective mGluR5 antagonist, improved cognition in SNI mice and produced a chemical long term depression of the field excitatory postsynaptic potentials (fEPSPs) in sham and SNI mice. After theta burst stimulation (TBS) MPEP restored LTP in SNI mice. In combination with PEA, MPEP antagonized the PEA effect on discriminative memory and decreased LTP in SNI mice. The (RS)-4-(1-amino-1-carboxyethyl)phthalic acid (MDCPG), a selective mGluR8 antagonist, did not affect discriminative memory, but it induced a chemical LTP and prevented the enhancement of fEPSPs after TBS in SNI mice which were treated or not treated with PEA. The effect of PEA on LTP and cognitive behavior was modulated by mGluR5 and mGluR8. In particular in the SNI conditions, the mGluR5 blockade facilitated memory and LTP, but prevented the beneficial effects of PEA on discriminative memory while the mGluR8 blockade, which was ineffective in itself, prevented the favorable action of the PEA on LTP. Thus, although their opposite roles (excitatory/inhibitory of the two receptor subtypes on the glutamatergic system), they appeared to be required for the neuroprotective effect of PEA in conditions of neuropathic pain.
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Anusa AM, Thavarajah R. Risk of cognition alteration and emotional frailty via circulating transcriptome in treatment naïve head and neck squamous cell cancer patients. J Oral Biol Craniofac Res 2019; 9:143-150. [PMID: 30949427 DOI: 10.1016/j.jobcr.2019.03.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/07/2019] [Accepted: 03/06/2019] [Indexed: 11/28/2022] Open
Abstract
Background There is a dearth of research examining the association between differential expression (DE) of genetic transcritome associated with cognition alteration (CA) and emotional frailty (EF) in treatment naïve head and neck squamous cell carcinoma (HNSCC) patients. The present study was undertaken to identify the DE of mRNA of CA-EF in HNSCC tumor and correlate with clinical and other known genetic factors that promote oncogenesis as well as CA-EF. Material and methods Using Genome-Wide Association Studies, putative genes associated with CA-EF(Prixie Fixie score ≥0.10) were identified. The DE of the mRNA of the thus selected genes were obtained from The CANCER GENOME ATLAS - HNSCC patients along with clinical details. The DE of mRNA pertaining to known factors such as inflammation, serotonergic and dopaminergic functions as well as clinical parameters were studied for association with the risk of DE of CA-EF. Appropriate statistics were performed and P ≤ 0.05 was taken as significant. Results A total of 520 HNSCC patients formed study group. There were 77 (14.81%) patients at risk for CD, 41 (7.9%) for CI and 113 (21.73%) for EF risk. In all, 103 (19.81%) HNSCC patients of this cohort had DE of mRNA of genes associated with CA. Inflammation, circadian genes, mTOR pathway, invasion and metastasis set of genes had a significant association with the risk of DE of CA-EF. Discussion Transcriptome's have been postulated to mediate CA-EF by targeted action on human brain. Differential Expression of putative genes associated with CA-EF have been demonstrated in HNSCC tumor. These DE could predispose the patients to CA-EF by the action of gene-environmental as well as psycho-social constructs. As CA-EF could adversely influence the treatment and alter the quality of life among survivors, screening for CA-EF at HNSCC presentation becomes imperative.
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Affiliation(s)
- A M Anusa
- Dept of Psychiatry, Shri Satya Sai Medical College and Research Institute, Affiliated to Shri Balaji Vidyapeeth, Ammapettai, Kanchipuram, India
| | - Rooban Thavarajah
- Marundeeshwara Oral Pathology Services and Analytics, B-1, Mistral Apartments, Wipro Street, Shollinganallur, Chennai, 600 119, India
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9
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The Localization Research of Brain Plasticity Changes after Brachial Plexus Pain: Sensory Regions or Cognitive Regions? Neural Plast 2019; 2019:7381609. [PMID: 30728834 PMCID: PMC6341257 DOI: 10.1155/2019/7381609] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/07/2018] [Revised: 10/30/2018] [Accepted: 11/19/2018] [Indexed: 01/08/2023] Open
Abstract
Objective Neuropathic pain after brachial plexus injury remains an increasingly prevalent and intractable disease due to inadequacy of satisfactory treatment strategies. A detailed mapping of cortical regions concerning the brain plasticity was the first step of therapeutic intervention. However, the specific mapping research of brachial plexus pain was limited. We aimed to provide some localization information about the brain plasticity changes after brachial plexus pain in this preliminary study. Methods 24 Sprague-Dawley rats received complete brachial plexus avulsion with neuropathic pain on the right forelimb successfully. Through functional imaging of both resting-state and block-design studies, we compared the amplitude of low-frequency fluctuations (ALFF) of premodeling and postmodeling groups and the changes of brain activation when applying sensory stimulation. Results The postmodeling group showed significant decreases on the mechanical withdrawal threshold (MWT) in the bilateral hindpaws and thermal withdrawal latency (TWL) in the left hindpaw than the premodeling group (P < 0.05). The amplitude of low-frequency fluctuations (ALFF) of the postmodeling group manifested increases in regions of the left anterodorsal hippocampus, left mesencephalic region, left dorsal midline thalamus, and so on. Decreased ALFF was observed in the bilateral entorhinal cortex compared to that of the premodeling group. The results of block-design scan showed significant differences in regions including the limbic/paralimbic system and somatosensory cortex. Conclusion We concluded that the entorhinal-hippocampus pathway, which was part of the Papez circuit, was involved in the functional integrated areas of brachial plexus pain processing. The regions in the “pain matrix” showed expected activation when applying instant nociceptive stimulus but remained silent in the resting status. This research confirmed the involvement of cognitive function, which brought novel information to the potential new therapy for brachial plexus pain.
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Maltsev AV, Bal NV, Balaban PM. LTP suppression by protein synthesis inhibitors is NO-dependent. Neuropharmacology 2018; 146:276-288. [PMID: 30540927 DOI: 10.1016/j.neuropharm.2018.12.009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/11/2018] [Revised: 11/19/2018] [Accepted: 12/08/2018] [Indexed: 01/25/2023]
Abstract
For several decades, the ability of protein synthesis inhibitors (PSI) to suppress the long-term potentiation (LTP) of hippocampal responses is known. It is considered that mechanisms of such impairment are related to a cessation of translation and a delayed depletion of the protein pool required for maintenance of synaptic plasticity. The present study demonstrates that cycloheximide or anisomycin applications reduce amplitudes of the field excitatory postsynaptic potentials as well as the presynaptically mediated form of plasticity, the paired-pulse facilitation after LTP induction in neurons of the CA1 area of hippocampus. We showed that nitric oxide signaling could be one of the pathways that cause the LTP decrease induced by cycloheximide or anisomycin. Inhibitor of the NO synthase, L-NNA or the NO scavenger, PTIO, rescued the late-phase LTP and restored the paired-pulse facilitation up to the control levels. For the first time we have directly measured the nitric oxide production induced by application of the translation blockers in hippocampal neurons using the NO-sensitive dye DAF-FM. Inhibitory analysis demonstrated that changes during protein synthesis blockade downstream the NO signaling cascade are cGMP-independent and apparently are implemented through degradation of target proteins. Prolonged application of the NO donor SNAP impaired the LTP maintenance in the same manner as PSI.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alexander V Maltsev
- Institute of Higher Nervous Activity and Neurophysiology, Russian Academy of Sciences, Butlerovа 5A, 117485, Moscow, Russia
| | - Natalia V Bal
- Institute of Higher Nervous Activity and Neurophysiology, Russian Academy of Sciences, Butlerovа 5A, 117485, Moscow, Russia.
| | - Pavel M Balaban
- Institute of Higher Nervous Activity and Neurophysiology, Russian Academy of Sciences, Butlerovа 5A, 117485, Moscow, Russia
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11
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Boccella S, Cristiano C, Romano R, Iannotta M, Belardo C, Farina A, Guida F, Piscitelli F, Palazzo E, Mazzitelli M, Imperatore R, Tunisi L, de Novellis V, Cristino L, Di Marzo V, Calignano A, Maione S, Luongo L. Ultra-micronized palmitoylethanolamide rescues the cognitive decline-associated loss of neural plasticity in the neuropathic mouse entorhinal cortex-dentate gyrus pathway. Neurobiol Dis 2018; 121:106-119. [PMID: 30266286 DOI: 10.1016/j.nbd.2018.09.023] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/27/2018] [Revised: 09/10/2018] [Accepted: 09/24/2018] [Indexed: 02/08/2023] Open
Abstract
Chronic pain is associated with cognitive deficits. Palmitoylethanolamide (PEA) has been shown to ameliorate pain and pain-related cognitive impairments by restoring glutamatergic synapses functioning in the spared nerve injury (SNI) of the sciatic nerve in mice. SNI reduced mechanical and thermal threshold, spatial memory and LTP at the lateral entorhinal cortex (LEC)-dentate gyrus (DG) pathway. It decreased also postsynaptic density, volume and dendrite arborization of DG and increased the expression of metabotropic glutamate receptor 1 and 7 (mGluR1 and mGluR7), of the GluR1, GluR1s845 and GluR1s831 subunits of AMPA receptor and the levels of glutamate in the DG. The level of the endocannabinoid 2-arachidonoylglycerol (2-AG) was instead increased in the LEC. Chronic treatment with PEA, starting from when neuropathic pain was fully developed, was able to reverse mechanical allodynia and thermal hyperalgesia, memory deficit and LTP in SNI wild type, but not in PPARα null, mice. PEA also restored the level of glutamate and the expression of phosphorylated GluR1 subunits, postsynaptic density and neurogenesis. Altogether, these results suggest that neuropathic pain negatively affects cognitive behavior and related LTP, glutamatergic synapse and synaptogenesis in the DG. In these conditions PEA treatment alleviates pain and cognitive impairment by restoring LTP and synaptic maladaptative changes in the LEC-DG pathway. These outcomes open new perspectives for the use of the N-acylethanolamines, such as PEA, for the treatment of neuropathic pain and its central behavioural sequelae.
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Affiliation(s)
- Serena Boccella
- Department of Experimental Medicine, Pharmacology Division, University of Campania "L. Vanvitelli", 80138 Naples, Italy
| | - Claudia Cristiano
- Department of Pharmacy, School of Medicine, University of Naples Federico II, Naples, Italy
| | - Rosaria Romano
- Department of Experimental Medicine, Pharmacology Division, University of Campania "L. Vanvitelli", 80138 Naples, Italy
| | - Monica Iannotta
- Department of Experimental Medicine, Pharmacology Division, University of Campania "L. Vanvitelli", 80138 Naples, Italy
| | - Carmela Belardo
- Department of Experimental Medicine, Pharmacology Division, University of Campania "L. Vanvitelli", 80138 Naples, Italy
| | - Antonio Farina
- Department of Experimental Medicine, Pharmacology Division, University of Campania "L. Vanvitelli", 80138 Naples, Italy
| | - Francesca Guida
- Department of Experimental Medicine, Pharmacology Division, University of Campania "L. Vanvitelli", 80138 Naples, Italy
| | - Fabiana Piscitelli
- Endocannabinoid Research Group, Institute of Biomolecular Chemistry, CNR, Pozzuoli, Italy
| | - Enza Palazzo
- Department of Experimental Medicine, Pharmacology Division, University of Campania "L. Vanvitelli", 80138 Naples, Italy
| | - Mariacristina Mazzitelli
- Department of Pharmacology and Neuroscience, Texas Tech University Health Sciences Center, Lubbock, TX
| | - Roberta Imperatore
- Department of Science and Technology, University of Sannio, Benevento, Italy
| | - Lea Tunisi
- Endocannabinoid Research Group, Institute of Biomolecular Chemistry, CNR, Pozzuoli, Italy
| | - Vito de Novellis
- Department of Experimental Medicine, Pharmacology Division, University of Campania "L. Vanvitelli", 80138 Naples, Italy
| | - Luigia Cristino
- Endocannabinoid Research Group, Institute of Biomolecular Chemistry, CNR, Pozzuoli, Italy
| | - Vincenzo Di Marzo
- Endocannabinoid Research Group, Institute of Biomolecular Chemistry, CNR, Pozzuoli, Italy
| | - Antonio Calignano
- Department of Pharmacy, School of Medicine, University of Naples Federico II, Naples, Italy
| | - Sabatino Maione
- Department of Experimental Medicine, Pharmacology Division, University of Campania "L. Vanvitelli", 80138 Naples, Italy
| | - Livio Luongo
- Department of Experimental Medicine, Pharmacology Division, University of Campania "L. Vanvitelli", 80138 Naples, Italy.
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12
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Um SW, Kim MJ, Leem JW, Bai SJ, Lee BH. Pain-Relieving Effects of mTOR Inhibitor in the Anterior Cingulate Cortex of Neuropathic Rats. Mol Neurobiol 2018; 56:2482-2494. [PMID: 30032425 PMCID: PMC6459802 DOI: 10.1007/s12035-018-1245-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/26/2018] [Accepted: 07/15/2018] [Indexed: 01/22/2023]
Abstract
The anterior cingulate cortex (ACC) is a well-known brain area that is associated with pain perception. Previous studies reported that the ACC has a specific role in the emotional processing of pain. Chronic pain is characterized by long-term potentiation that is induced in pain pathways and contributes to hyperalgesia caused by peripheral nerve injury. The mammalian target of rapamycin (mTOR) signaling, which is involved in synaptic protein synthesis, could be a key factor controlling long-term potentiation in neuropathic pain conditions. Until now, there have been no reports that studied the role of mTOR signaling in the ACC involved in neuropathic pain. Therefore, this study was conducted to determine the relationship of mTOR signaling in the ACC and neuropathic pain. Male Sprague-Dawley rats were subjected to cannula implantation and nerve injury under pentobarbital anesthesia. Microinjection with rapamycin into the ACC was conducted under isoflurane anesthesia on postoperative day (POD) 7. A behavioral test was performed to evaluate mechanical allodynia, and optical imaging was conducted to observe the neuronal responses of the ACC to peripheral stimulation. Inhibition of mTOR by rapamycin reduced mechanical allodynia, down-regulated mTOR signaling in the ACC, and diminished the expressions of synaptic proteins which are involved in excitatory signaling, thereby reducing neuropathic pain-induced synaptic plasticity. These results suggest that inhibiting mTOR activity by rapamycin in the ACC could serve as a new strategy for treating or managing neuropathic pain before it develops into chronic pain.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sun Woo Um
- Department of Physiology, Yonsei University College of Medicine, 50-1 Yonsei-ro, Seodaemun-gu, Seoul, 03722, Republic of Korea
- Brain Korea 21 PLUS Project for Medical Science, Yonsei University College of Medicine, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Min Jee Kim
- Department of Physiology, Yonsei University College of Medicine, 50-1 Yonsei-ro, Seodaemun-gu, Seoul, 03722, Republic of Korea
- Brain Korea 21 PLUS Project for Medical Science, Yonsei University College of Medicine, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Joong Woo Leem
- Department of Physiology, Yonsei University College of Medicine, 50-1 Yonsei-ro, Seodaemun-gu, Seoul, 03722, Republic of Korea
| | - Sun Joon Bai
- Department of Anesthesiology and Pain Medicine, Yonsei University College of Medicine, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Bae Hwan Lee
- Department of Physiology, Yonsei University College of Medicine, 50-1 Yonsei-ro, Seodaemun-gu, Seoul, 03722, Republic of Korea.
- Brain Korea 21 PLUS Project for Medical Science, Yonsei University College of Medicine, Seoul, Republic of Korea.
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13
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Cho C, Michailidis V, Martin LJ. Revealing brain mechanisms of mTOR-mediated translational regulation: Implications for chronic pain. NEUROBIOLOGY OF PAIN 2018; 4:27-34. [PMID: 31194026 PMCID: PMC6550104 DOI: 10.1016/j.ynpai.2018.03.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/31/2018] [Revised: 03/15/2018] [Accepted: 03/16/2018] [Indexed: 12/27/2022]
Abstract
mTOR is a major regulator of protein translation. mTOR serves an important role in neural plasticity. mTOR signalling in the brain as a pathology for neurological disorder is known. mTOR signalling in the brain as a chronic pain mechanism is understudied.
In the spinal cord, altered protein transcription and translation have received a lot of recent attention for their role in neural plasticity, a major mechanism leading to the development of chronic pain. However, changes in brain plasticity are also associated with the maintenance of pain symptoms, but these cellular mechanisms remain less clear. The mechanistic/mammalian target of rapamycin (mTOR) is a master regulator of protein synthesis, and controls several neuronal functions, including neural plasticity. While aberrant changes in mTOR signaling are associated with sensitization of the pain pathway (sensory neurons and spinal cord), there are various nervous system diseases that have pain as a comorbidity and altered mTOR activity in the brain. Here, we provide a brief review of mTOR changes in the brain that are associated with some neurological disorders and focus on how these changes may be relevant to the pain of the underlying condition and chronic pain itself.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chulmin Cho
- Department of Psychology, University of Toronto Mississauga, Mississauga, ON L5L 1C6, Canada
| | - Vassilia Michailidis
- Deptartment of Cell and Systems Biology, University of Toronto Mississauga, Mississauga, ON L5L 1C6, Canada
| | - Loren J. Martin
- Department of Psychology, University of Toronto Mississauga, Mississauga, ON L5L 1C6, Canada
- Deptartment of Cell and Systems Biology, University of Toronto Mississauga, Mississauga, ON L5L 1C6, Canada
- Corresponding author at: Department of Psychology, University of Toronto Mississauga, 3359 Mississauga Rd., Mississauga, ON L5L 1C6, Canada.
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14
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Wang RR, Wang Y, Guan SM, Li Z, Kokane S, Cao FL, Sun W, Li CL, He T, Yang Y, Lin Q, Chen J. Synaptic Homeostasis and Allostasis in the Dentate Gyrus Caused by Inflammatory and Neuropathic Pain Conditions. Front Synaptic Neurosci 2018; 10:1. [PMID: 29445338 PMCID: PMC5797731 DOI: 10.3389/fnsyn.2018.00001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/26/2017] [Accepted: 01/04/2018] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
It has been generally accepted that pain can cause imbalance between excitation and inhibition (homeostasis) at the synaptic level. However, it remains poorly understood how this imbalance (allostasis) develops in the CNS under different pain conditions. Here, we analyzed the changes in both excitatory and inhibitory synaptic transmission and modulation of the dentate gyrus (DG) under two pain conditions with different etiology and duration. First, it was revealed that the functions of the input-output (I/O) curves for evoked excitatory postsynaptic currents (eEPSCs) following the perforant path (PP) stimulation were gained under both acute inflammatory and chronic neuropathic pain conditions relative to the controls. However, the functions of I/O curves for the PP-evoked inhibitory postsynaptic currents (eIPSCs) differed between the two conditions, namely it was greatly gained under inflammatory condition, but was reduced under neuropathic condition in reverse. Second, both the frequency and amplitude of miniature IPSCs (mIPSCs) were increased under inflammatory condition, however a decrease in frequency of mIPSCs was observed under neuropathic condition. Finally, the spike discharge of the DG granule cells in response to current injection was significantly increased by neuropathic pain condition, however, no different change was found between inflammatory pain condition and the control. These results provide another line of evidence showing homeostatic and allostatic modulation of excitatory synaptic transmission by inhibitory controls under different pathological pain conditions, hence implicating use of different therapeutic approaches to maintain the homeostasis between excitation and inhibition while treating different conditions of pathological pain.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rui-Rui Wang
- Institute for Biomedical Sciences of Pain, Tangdu Hospital, The Fourth Military Medical University, Xi’an, China
- Key Laboratory of Brain Stress and Behavior, People’s Liberation Army, Xi’an, China
| | - Yan Wang
- Institute for Biomedical Sciences of Pain, Tangdu Hospital, The Fourth Military Medical University, Xi’an, China
- Key Laboratory of Brain Stress and Behavior, People’s Liberation Army, Xi’an, China
| | - Su-Min Guan
- School of Stomatology, The Fourth Military Medical University, Xi’an, China
| | - Zhen Li
- Institute for Biomedical Sciences of Pain, Tangdu Hospital, The Fourth Military Medical University, Xi’an, China
- Key Laboratory of Brain Stress and Behavior, People’s Liberation Army, Xi’an, China
| | - Saurabh Kokane
- Department of Psychology, University of Texas at Arlington, Arlington, TX, United States
| | - Fa-Le Cao
- Department of Neurology, The 88th Hospital of People’s Liberation Army, Tai’an, China
| | - Wei Sun
- Institute for Biomedical Sciences of Pain, Tangdu Hospital, The Fourth Military Medical University, Xi’an, China
- Key Laboratory of Brain Stress and Behavior, People’s Liberation Army, Xi’an, China
| | - Chun-Li Li
- Institute for Biomedical Sciences of Pain, Tangdu Hospital, The Fourth Military Medical University, Xi’an, China
- Key Laboratory of Brain Stress and Behavior, People’s Liberation Army, Xi’an, China
| | - Ting He
- Institute for Biomedical Sciences of Pain, Tangdu Hospital, The Fourth Military Medical University, Xi’an, China
- Key Laboratory of Brain Stress and Behavior, People’s Liberation Army, Xi’an, China
| | - Yan Yang
- Institute for Biomedical Sciences of Pain, Tangdu Hospital, The Fourth Military Medical University, Xi’an, China
- Key Laboratory of Brain Stress and Behavior, People’s Liberation Army, Xi’an, China
| | - Qing Lin
- Department of Psychology, University of Texas at Arlington, Arlington, TX, United States
| | - Jun Chen
- Institute for Biomedical Sciences of Pain, Tangdu Hospital, The Fourth Military Medical University, Xi’an, China
- Key Laboratory of Brain Stress and Behavior, People’s Liberation Army, Xi’an, China
- Beijing Institute for Brain Disorders, Beijing, China
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15
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Zhang Y, Ji F, Wang G, He D, Yang L, Zhang M. BDNF Activates mTOR to Upregulate NR2B Expression in the Rostral Anterior Cingulate Cortex Required for Inflammatory Pain-Related Aversion in Rats. Neurochem Res 2018; 43:681-691. [PMID: 29353374 DOI: 10.1007/s11064-018-2470-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/10/2017] [Revised: 01/02/2018] [Accepted: 01/08/2018] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
The mechanistic target of rapamycin (mTOR) has been demonstrated to mediate pain-related aversion induced by formalin in the rostral anterior cingulate cortex (rACC). However, it remains unclear the signaling pathways and regulatory proteins involved. In the rACC, brain-derived neurotrophic factor (BDNF), an activity-dependent neuromodulator, has been shown to play a role in the development and persistence of chronic pain. In this study, we used a rat formalin-induced inflammatory pain model to demonstrate BDNF up-regulation in the rACC. Stimulation with exogenous BDNF up-regulated mTOR, whilst cyclotraxin B (CTX-B), a tropomyosin receptor kinase B (TrkB) antagonist, down-regulated mTOR. Our results suggest BDNF could activate an mTOR signaling pathway. Subsequently, we used formalin-induced conditioned place avoidance (F-CPA) training in rat models to investigate if mTOR activation was required for pain-related aversion. We demonstrated that BDNF/mTOR signaling could activate the NMDA receptor subunit episilon-2 (NR2B), which is required for F-CPA. Our results reveal that BDNF activates mTOR to up-regulate NR2B expression, which is required for inflammatory pain-related aversion in the rACC of rats.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yuangui Zhang
- Department of Anesthesiology, Shandong Provincial Hospital Affiliated to Shandong University, Jinan, China
- Department of Anesthesiology, Weifang People's Hospital, Weifang, China
| | - Fanceng Ji
- Department of Anesthesiology, Weifang People's Hospital, Weifang, China
| | - Gongming Wang
- Department of Anesthesiology, Shandong Provincial Hospital Affiliated to Shandong University, Jinan, China
| | - Dong He
- Shandong University, Jinan, China
| | - Le Yang
- Shandong University, Jinan, China
| | - Mengyuan Zhang
- Department of Anesthesiology, Shandong Provincial Hospital Affiliated to Shandong University, Jinan, China.
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16
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Rezaei R, Nourshahi M, Khodagholi F, Haghparast A, Nasoohi S, Bigdeli M, Ashabi G. Differential impact of treadmill training on stroke-induced neurological disorders. Brain Inj 2017; 31:1910-1917. [DOI: 10.1080/02699052.2017.1346287] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/18/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Rasoul Rezaei
- Department of Sport Physiology, Faculty of Physical Education and Sport Sciences, Shahid Beheshti University, G.C., Evin 198396113, Tehran, Iran
| | - Maryam Nourshahi
- Department of Sport Physiology, Faculty of Physical Education and Sport Sciences, Shahid Beheshti University, G.C., Evin 198396113, Tehran, Iran
| | - Fariba Khodagholi
- Neuroscience Research Center, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Abbas Haghparast
- Neuroscience Research Center, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Sanaz Nasoohi
- Neuroscience Research Center, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | | | - Ghorbangol Ashabi
- Department of Physiology, Faculty of Medicine, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
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17
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Xu Y, Shen J, Muhammed FK, Zheng B, Zhang Y, Liu Y. Effect of orthodontic force on the expression of PI3K, Akt, and P70S6 K in the human periodontal ligament during orthodontic loading. Cell Biochem Funct 2017; 35:372-377. [DOI: 10.1002/cbf.3284] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/15/2017] [Revised: 04/10/2017] [Accepted: 07/07/2017] [Indexed: 01/05/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Yunhe Xu
- Department of Orthodontics, School of Stomatology; China Medical University; Shenyang Liaoning People's Republic of China
| | - Jiayuan Shen
- Department of Orthodontics, School of Stomatology; China Medical University; Shenyang Liaoning People's Republic of China
| | - Fenik Kaml Muhammed
- Department of Orthodontics, School of Stomatology; China Medical University; Shenyang Liaoning People's Republic of China
| | - Bowen Zheng
- Department of Orthodontics, School of Stomatology; China Medical University; Shenyang Liaoning People's Republic of China
| | - Yuejiao Zhang
- Department of Orthodontics, School of Stomatology; China Medical University; Shenyang Liaoning People's Republic of China
| | - Yi Liu
- Department of Orthodontics, School of Stomatology; China Medical University; Shenyang Liaoning People's Republic of China
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18
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Wu D, Klaw MC, Connors T, Kholodilov N, Burke RE, Côté MP, Tom VJ. Combining Constitutively Active Rheb Expression and Chondroitinase Promotes Functional Axonal Regeneration after Cervical Spinal Cord Injury. Mol Ther 2017; 25:2715-2726. [PMID: 28967557 DOI: 10.1016/j.ymthe.2017.08.011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/31/2017] [Revised: 08/13/2017] [Accepted: 08/15/2017] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
After spinal cord injury (SCI), severed axons in the adult mammalian CNS are unable to mount a robust regenerative response. In addition, the glial scar at the lesion site further restricts the regenerative potential of axons. We hypothesized that a combinatorial approach coincidentally targeting these obstacles would promote axonal regeneration. We combined (1) transplantation of a growth-permissive peripheral nerve graft (PNG) into an incomplete, cervical lesion cavity; (2) transduction of neurons rostral to the SCI site to express constitutively active Rheb (caRheb; a Ras homolog enriched in brain), a GTPase that directly activates the growth-promoting pathway mammalian target of rapamycin (mTOR) via AAV-caRheb injection; and (3) digestion of growth-inhibitory chondroitin sulfate proteoglycans within the glial scar at the distal PNG interface using the bacterial enzyme chondroitinase ABC (ChABC). We found that expressing caRheb in neurons post-SCI results in modestly yet significantly more axons regenerating across a ChABC-treated distal graft interface into caudal spinal cord than either treatment alone. Excitingly, we found that caRheb+ChABC treatment significantly potentiates the formation of synapses in the host spinal cord and improves the animals' ability to use the affected forelimb. Thus, this combination strategy enhances functional axonal regeneration following a cervical SCI.
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Affiliation(s)
- Di Wu
- Department of Neurobiology and Anatomy, Drexel University College of Medicine, Philadelphia, PA 19129, USA
| | - Michelle C Klaw
- Department of Neurobiology and Anatomy, Drexel University College of Medicine, Philadelphia, PA 19129, USA
| | - Theresa Connors
- Department of Neurobiology and Anatomy, Drexel University College of Medicine, Philadelphia, PA 19129, USA
| | | | - Robert E Burke
- Department of Neurology, Columbia University, New York, NY, 10032 USA; Department of Pathology and Cell Biology, Columbia University, New York, NY 10032, USA
| | - Marie-Pascale Côté
- Department of Neurobiology and Anatomy, Drexel University College of Medicine, Philadelphia, PA 19129, USA
| | - Veronica J Tom
- Department of Neurobiology and Anatomy, Drexel University College of Medicine, Philadelphia, PA 19129, USA.
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19
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Yu F, Zhao ZY, He T, Yu YQ, Li Z, Chen J. Temporal and spatial dynamics of peripheral afferent-evoked activity in the dorsal horn recorded in rat spinal cord slices. Brain Res Bull 2017; 131:183-191. [PMID: 28458040 DOI: 10.1016/j.brainresbull.2017.04.012] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/23/2016] [Revised: 02/13/2017] [Accepted: 04/21/2017] [Indexed: 01/07/2023]
Abstract
In the present study, multi-electrode array recording was used to examine dorsal horn activity following stimulation of primary afferents in a rat dorsal root attached-spinal cord slice preparation. The multi-electrode array probe was placed under the dorsal horn slice and local field potentials evoked by stimulation on the dorsal root were analyzed. Three kinds of dorsal root-evoked responses were identified. In lamina IIo, local field potentials exhibited P1 (peak latency 1.46±0.08ms), N1 (2.77±0.18ms, n=12), N2 (7.31±0.48ms), N3 (12.12±0.73ms) and P2(18.30±0.80ms) waves. In lamina IIi local field potentials exhibited P (1.99±0.10ms), N1 (3.35±0.17ms) and N2 (8.58±0.44ms) waves. In laminae III-VI, local field potentials exhibited P1 (3.01±0.07ms), P2 (7.02±0.21ms) and N waves (22.57±0.79ms). Sweep spread was calculated by two dimensional current source density (2D-CSD) analysis. Both α-amino-3-hydroxy-5-methylisoxazole-4-propionic a/kainate and N-methyl-d-aspartate-type glutamate receptors participated in this neuronal circuitry. Morphine diminished local field potentials. Gabapentin diminished the negative components in lamina II and P2 component in lamina IIo, but increased the positive components in lamina IIi and laminae III-VI. The present study revealed that functional dorsal horn activity was preserved in the spinal cord slice preparation. Glutamatergic synapses were crucially involved in information processing. Opioid interneurons and gabapentin may play a modulatory role in regulating signal flows in the dorsal horn. Taken together, these results identify a spatio-temporal profile of dorsal horn activity evoked by dorsal root stimulation, and implicate glutamatergic and opioidergic receptors and gabapentin in this activity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fang Yu
- State Key Laboratory of Cancer Biology & Xijing Hospital of Digestive Diseases, Fourth Military Medical University, Xi'an, Shaanxi Province, 710038, PR China; Jinan Military General Hospital, Jinan, Shandong Province, 250031, PR China
| | - Zhen-Yu Zhao
- Institute for Biomedical Sciences of Pain and Institute for Functional Brain Disorders, Tangdu Hospital, The Fourth Military Medical University, Xi'an, Shaanxi Province, 710038, PR China; Jinan Military General Hospital, Jinan, Shandong Province, 250031, PR China
| | - Ting He
- Institute for Biomedical Sciences of Pain and Institute for Functional Brain Disorders, Tangdu Hospital, The Fourth Military Medical University, Xi'an, Shaanxi Province, 710038, PR China
| | - Yao-Qing Yu
- Institute for Biomedical Sciences of Pain and Institute for Functional Brain Disorders, Tangdu Hospital, The Fourth Military Medical University, Xi'an, Shaanxi Province, 710038, PR China
| | - Zhen Li
- Institute for Biomedical Sciences of Pain and Institute for Functional Brain Disorders, Tangdu Hospital, The Fourth Military Medical University, Xi'an, Shaanxi Province, 710038, PR China
| | - Jun Chen
- Institute for Biomedical Sciences of Pain and Institute for Functional Brain Disorders, Tangdu Hospital, The Fourth Military Medical University, Xi'an, Shaanxi Province, 710038, PR China.
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20
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Kwon M, Han J, Kim UJ, Cha M, Um SW, Bai SJ, Hong SK, Lee BH. Inhibition of Mammalian Target of Rapamycin (mTOR) Signaling in the Insular Cortex Alleviates Neuropathic Pain after Peripheral Nerve Injury. Front Mol Neurosci 2017; 10:79. [PMID: 28377693 PMCID: PMC5359287 DOI: 10.3389/fnmol.2017.00079] [Citation(s) in RCA: 35] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/09/2016] [Accepted: 03/06/2017] [Indexed: 12/30/2022] Open
Abstract
Injury of peripheral nerves can trigger neuropathic pain, producing allodynia and hyperalgesia via peripheral and central sensitization. Recent studies have focused on the role of the insular cortex (IC) in neuropathic pain. Because the IC is thought to store pain-related memories, translational regulation in this structure may reveal novel targets for controlling chronic pain. Signaling via mammalian target of rapamycin (mTOR), which is known to control mRNA translation and influence synaptic plasticity, has been studied at the spinal level in neuropathic pain, but its role in the IC under these conditions remains elusive. Therefore, this study was conducted to determine the role of mTOR signaling in neuropathic pain and to assess the potential therapeutic effects of rapamycin, an inhibitor of mTORC1, in the IC of rats with neuropathic pain. Mechanical allodynia was assessed in adult male Sprague-Dawley rats after neuropathic surgery and following microinjections of rapamycin into the IC on postoperative days (PODs) 3 and 7. Optical recording was conducted to observe the neural responses of the IC to peripheral stimulation. Rapamycin reduced mechanical allodynia and downregulated the expression of postsynaptic density protein 95 (PSD95), decreased neural excitability in the IC, thereby inhibiting neuropathic pain-induced synaptic plasticity. These findings suggest that mTOR signaling in the IC may be a critical molecular mechanism modulating neuropathic pain.
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Affiliation(s)
- Minjee Kwon
- Department of Physiology, Yonsei University College of MedicineSeoul, South Korea; Brain Korea 21 PLUS Project for Medical Science, Yonsei University College of MedicineSeoul, South Korea
| | - Jeongsoo Han
- Department of Physiology, Yonsei University College of MedicineSeoul, South Korea; Brain Korea 21 PLUS Project for Medical Science, Yonsei University College of MedicineSeoul, South Korea
| | - Un Jeng Kim
- Department of Physiology, Yonsei University College of Medicine Seoul, South Korea
| | - Myeounghoon Cha
- Department of Physiology, Yonsei University College of Medicine Seoul, South Korea
| | - Sun Woo Um
- Department of Physiology, Yonsei University College of MedicineSeoul, South Korea; Brain Korea 21 PLUS Project for Medical Science, Yonsei University College of MedicineSeoul, South Korea
| | - Sun Joon Bai
- Department of Anesthesiology and Pain Medicine, Yonsei University College of Medicine Seoul, South Korea
| | - Seong-Karp Hong
- Division of Bio and Health Sciences, Mokwon University Daejeon, South Korea
| | - Bae Hwan Lee
- Department of Physiology, Yonsei University College of MedicineSeoul, South Korea; Brain Korea 21 PLUS Project for Medical Science, Yonsei University College of MedicineSeoul, South Korea; Brain Research Institute and Epilepsy Research Institute, Yonsei University College of MedicineSeoul, South Korea
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21
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22
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Liu AL, Liao HQ, Li ZL, Liu J, Zhou CL, Guo ZF, Xie HY, Peng CY. New Insights into mTOR Signal Pathways in Ovarian-Related Diseases: Polycystic Ovary Syndrome and Ovarian Cancer. Asian Pac J Cancer Prev 2016; 17:5087-5094. [PMID: 28122439 PMCID: PMC5454641 DOI: 10.22034/apjcp.2016.17.12.5087] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
mTOR, the mammalian target of rapamycin, is a conserved serine/threonine kinase which belongs to the phosphatidyl-linositol kinase-related kinase (PIKK) family. It has two complexes called mTORC1 and mTORC2. It is well established that mTOR plays important roles in cell growth, proliferation and differentiation. Over-activation of the mTOR pathway is considered to have a relationship with the development of many types of diseases, including polycystic ovary syndrome (PCOS) and ovarian cancer (OC). mTOR pathway inhibitors, such as rapamycin and its derivatives, can directly or indirectly treat or relieve the symptoms of patients suffering from PCOS or OC. Moreover, mTOR inhibitors in combination with other chemical-molecular agents may have extraordinary efficacy. This paper will discuss links between mTOR signaling and PCOS and OC, and explore the mechanisms of mTOR inhibitors in treating these two diseases, with conclusions regarding the most effective therapeutic approaches.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ai Ling Liu
- Institute of Biological Science, The Key Laboratory of Biological Toxicology and Ecological Restoration of Hengyang City, School of Pharmaceutical and Biological Science, University of South China, Heng yang 421001, Hunan Province, China.
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23
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Electroacupuncture Reduces the Effects of Acute Noxious Stimulation on the Electrical Activity of Pain-Related Neurons in the Hippocampus of Control and Neuropathic Pain Rats. Neural Plast 2016; 2016:6521026. [PMID: 27833763 PMCID: PMC5090094 DOI: 10.1155/2016/6521026] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/12/2016] [Revised: 07/29/2016] [Accepted: 09/27/2016] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
To study the effects of acupuncture analgesia on the hippocampus, we observed the effects of electroacupuncture (EA) and mitogen-activated protein kinase (MEK) inhibitor on pain-excited neurons (PENs) and pain-inhibited neurons (PINs) in the hippocampal area CA1 of sham or chronic constrictive injury (CCI) rats. The animals were randomly divided into a control, a CCI, and a U0126 (MEK1/2 inhibitor) group. In all experiments, we briefly (10-second duration) stimulated the sciatic nerve electrically and recorded the firing rates of PENs and PINs. The results showed that in both sham and CCI rats brief sciatic nerve stimulation significantly increased the electrical activity of PENs and markedly decreased the electrical activity of PINs. These effects were significantly greater in CCI rats compared to sham rats. EA treatment reduced the effects of the noxious stimulus on PENs and PINs in both sham and CCI rats. The effects of EA treatment could be inhibited by U0126 in sham-operated rats. The results suggest that EA reduces effects of acute sciatic nerve stimulation on PENs and PINs in the CA1 region of the hippocampus of both sham and CCI rats and that the ERK (extracellular regulated kinase) signaling pathway is involved in the modulation of EA analgesia.
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24
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Wu D, Klaw MC, Kholodilov N, Burke RE, Detloff MR, Côté MP, Tom VJ. Expressing Constitutively Active Rheb in Adult Dorsal Root Ganglion Neurons Enhances the Integration of Sensory Axons that Regenerate Across a Chondroitinase-Treated Dorsal Root Entry Zone Following Dorsal Root Crush. Front Mol Neurosci 2016; 9:49. [PMID: 27458339 PMCID: PMC4932115 DOI: 10.3389/fnmol.2016.00049] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/28/2016] [Accepted: 06/07/2016] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
While the peripheral branch of dorsal root ganglion neurons (DRG) can successfully regenerate after injury, lesioned central branch axons fail to regrow across the dorsal root entry zone (DREZ), the interface between the dorsal root and the spinal cord. This lack of regeneration is due to the limited regenerative capacity of adult sensory axons and the growth-inhibitory environment at the DREZ, which is similar to that found in the glial scar after a central nervous system (CNS) injury. We hypothesized that transduction of adult DRG neurons using adeno-associated virus (AAV) to express a constitutively-active form of the GTPase Rheb (caRheb) will increase their intrinsic growth potential after a dorsal root crush. Additionally, we posited that if we combined that approach with digestion of upregulated chondroitin sulfate proteoglycans (CSPG) at the DREZ with chondroitinase ABC (ChABC), we would promote regeneration of sensory axons across the DREZ into the spinal cord. We first assessed if this strategy promotes neuritic growth in an in vitro model of the glial scar containing CSPG. ChABC allowed for some regeneration across the once potently inhibitory substrate. Combining ChABC treatment with expression of caRheb in DRG significantly improved this growth. We then determined if this combination strategy also enhanced regeneration through the DREZ after dorsal root crush in adult rats in vivo. After unilaterally crushing C4-T1 dorsal roots, we injected AAV5-caRheb or AAV5-GFP into the ipsilateral C5-C8 DRGs. ChABC or PBS was injected into the ipsilateral dorsal horn at C5-C8 to digest CSPG, for a total of four animal groups (caRheb + ChABC, caRheb + PBS, GFP + ChABC, GFP + PBS). Regeneration was rarely observed in PBS-treated animals, whereas short-distance regrowth across the DREZ was observed in ChABC-treated animals. No difference in axon number or length between the ChABC groups was observed, which may be related to intraganglionic inflammation induced by the injection. ChABC-mediated regeneration is functional, as stimulation of ipsilateral median and ulnar nerves induced neuronal c-Fos expression in deafferented dorsal horn in both ChABC groups. Interestingly, caRheb + ChABC animals had significantly more c-Fos+ nuclei indicating that caRheb expression in DRGs promoted functional synaptogenesis of their axons that regenerated beyond a ChABC-treated DREZ.
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Affiliation(s)
- Di Wu
- Department of Neurobiology and Anatomy, Drexel University College of Medicine Philadelphia, PA, USA
| | - Michelle C Klaw
- Department of Neurobiology and Anatomy, Drexel University College of Medicine Philadelphia, PA, USA
| | - Nikolai Kholodilov
- Department of Neurology, Columbia University in the City of New York New York, NY, USA
| | - Robert E Burke
- Department of Neurology, Columbia University in the City of New YorkNew York, NY, USA; Department of Pathology and Cell Biology, Columbia University in the City of New YorkNew York, NY, USA
| | - Megan R Detloff
- Department of Neurobiology and Anatomy, Drexel University College of Medicine Philadelphia, PA, USA
| | - Marie-Pascale Côté
- Department of Neurobiology and Anatomy, Drexel University College of Medicine Philadelphia, PA, USA
| | - Veronica J Tom
- Department of Neurobiology and Anatomy, Drexel University College of Medicine Philadelphia, PA, USA
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25
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Cittaro D, Lampis V, Luchetti A, Coccurello R, Guffanti A, Felsani A, Moles A, Stupka E, D' Amato FR, Battaglia M. Histone Modifications in a Mouse Model of Early Adversities and Panic Disorder: Role for Asic1 and Neurodevelopmental Genes. Sci Rep 2016; 6:25131. [PMID: 27121911 PMCID: PMC4848503 DOI: 10.1038/srep25131] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/08/2015] [Accepted: 04/12/2016] [Indexed: 11/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Hyperventilation following transient, CO2-induced acidosis is ubiquitous in mammals and heritable. In humans, respiratory and emotional hypersensitivity to CO2 marks separation anxiety and panic disorders, and is enhanced by early-life adversities. Mice exposed to the repeated cross-fostering paradigm (RCF) of interference with maternal environment show heightened separation anxiety and hyperventilation to 6% CO2-enriched air. Gene-environment interactions affect CO2 hypersensitivity in both humans and mice. We therefore hypothesised that epigenetic modifications and increased expression of genes involved in pH-detection could explain these relationships. Medullae oblongata of RCF- and normally-reared female outbred mice were assessed by ChIP-seq for H3Ac, H3K4me3, H3K27me3 histone modifications, and by SAGE for differential gene expression. Integration of multiple experiments by network analysis revealed an active component of 148 genes pointing to the mTOR signalling pathway and nociception. Among these genes, Asic1 showed heightened mRNA expression, coherent with RCF-mice’s respiratory hypersensitivity to CO2 and altered nociception. Functional enrichment and mRNA transcript analyses yielded a consistent picture of enhancement for several genes affecting chemoception, neurodevelopment, and emotionality. Particularly, results with Asic1 support recent human findings with panic and CO2 responses, and provide new perspectives on how early adversities and genes interplay to affect key components of panic and related disorders.
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Affiliation(s)
- Davide Cittaro
- Centre for Translational Genomics and Bioinformatics, San Raffaele Scientific Institute, Milan, Italy
| | - Valentina Lampis
- Developmental Psychopathology Unit, Vita-Salute San Raffaele University, Milan, Italy
| | - Alessandra Luchetti
- Institute of Cell Biology and Neurobiology, National Research Council/Fondazione Santa Lucia, Rome, Italy
| | - Roberto Coccurello
- Institute of Cell Biology and Neurobiology, National Research Council/Fondazione Santa Lucia, Rome, Italy
| | - Alessandro Guffanti
- Laboratory of Molecular Neuroscience, Department of Biological Chemistry, The Edmond and Lily Safra Center of Brain Science, The Hebrew University of Jerusalem, Jerusalem, Israel.,Genomnia srl, Lainate, Italy
| | - Armando Felsani
- Institute of Cell Biology and Neurobiology, National Research Council/Fondazione Santa Lucia, Rome, Italy.,Genomnia srl, Lainate, Italy
| | - Anna Moles
- Institute of Cell Biology and Neurobiology, National Research Council/Fondazione Santa Lucia, Rome, Italy.,Genomnia srl, Lainate, Italy
| | - Elia Stupka
- Centre for Translational Genomics and Bioinformatics, San Raffaele Scientific Institute, Milan, Italy
| | - Francesca R D' Amato
- Institute of Cell Biology and Neurobiology, National Research Council/Fondazione Santa Lucia, Rome, Italy
| | - Marco Battaglia
- Department of Psychiatry, University Of Toronto, Toronto, Canada.,Division of Child and Youth Mental Health, Centre for Addiction and Mental Health, Toronto, Canada
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Abstract
TOR (target of rapamycin) and its mammalian ortholog mTOR have been discovered in an effort to understand the mechanisms of action of the immunosuppressant drug rapamycin extracted from a bacterium of the Easter Island (Rapa Nui) soil. mTOR is a serine/threonine kinase found in two functionally distinct complexes, mTORC1 and mTORC2, which are differentially regulated by a great number of nutrients such as glucose and amino acids, energy (oxygen and ATP/AMP content), growth factors, hormones, and neurotransmitters. mTOR controls many basic cellular functions such as protein synthesis, energy metabolism, cell size, lipid metabolism, autophagy, mitochondria, and lysosome biogenesis. In addition, mTOR-controlled signaling pathways regulate many integrated physiological functions of the nervous system including neuronal development, synaptic plasticity, memory storage, and cognition. Thus it is not surprising that deregulation of mTOR signaling is associated with many neurological and psychiatric disorders. Preclinical and preliminary clinical studies indicate that inhibition of mTORC1 can be beneficial for some pathological conditions such as epilepsy, cognitive impairment, and brain tumors, whereas stimulation of mTORC1 (direct or indirect) can be beneficial for other pathologies such as depression or axonal growth and regeneration.
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Affiliation(s)
- Joël Bockaert
- Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique, UMR-5203, Institut de Génomique Fonctionnelle, Montpellier, France; Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale U1191, Montpellier, France; and Université de Montpellier, UMR-5203, Montpellier, France
| | - Philippe Marin
- Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique, UMR-5203, Institut de Génomique Fonctionnelle, Montpellier, France; Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale U1191, Montpellier, France; and Université de Montpellier, UMR-5203, Montpellier, France
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27
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Shen DN, Zhang LH, Wei EQ, Yang Y. Autophagy in synaptic development, function, and pathology. Neurosci Bull 2015; 31:416-26. [PMID: 26139541 DOI: 10.1007/s12264-015-1536-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 42] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/24/2015] [Accepted: 05/30/2015] [Indexed: 01/04/2023] Open
Abstract
In the nervous system, neurons contact each other to form neuronal circuits and drive behavior, relying heavily on synaptic connections. The proper development and growth of synapses allows functional transmission of electrical information between neurons or between neurons and muscle fibers. Defects in synapse-formation or development lead to many diseases. Autophagy, a major determinant of protein turnover, is an essential process that takes place in developing synapses. During the induction of autophagy, proteins and cytoplasmic components are encapsulated in autophagosomes, which fuse with lysosomes to form autolysosomes. The cargoes are subsequently degraded and recycled. However, aberrant autophagic activity may lead to synaptic dysfunction, which is a common pathological characteristic in several disorders. Here, we review the current understanding of autophagy in regulating synaptic development and function. In addition, autophagy-related synaptic dysfunction in human diseases is also summarized.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dan-Na Shen
- Department of Pharmacology, Hangzhou Key Laboratory of Medical Neurobiology, School of Medicine, Hangzhou Normal University, Hangzhou, 310036, China
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28
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Chen A, Bao C, Tang Y, Luo X, Guo L, Liu B, Lin C. Involvement of protein kinase ζ in the maintenance of hippocampal long-term potentiation in rats with chronic visceral hypersensitivity. J Neurophysiol 2015; 113:3047-55. [PMID: 25761958 PMCID: PMC4455563 DOI: 10.1152/jn.00929.2014] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/20/2014] [Accepted: 03/05/2015] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
Abstract
The hippocampal long-term potentiation (LTP) was implicated in the formation of visceral hypersensitivity in rats with irritable bowel syndrome in our previous study. Recent studies have shown that protein kinase M ζ (PKMζ) may be responsible for the maintenance of LTP in memory formation. However, it remains unclear whether PKMζ is involved in the visceral hypersensitivity. In this study, a rat model of visceral hypersensitivity was generated by neonatal maternal separation (NMS). The visceral hypersensitivity was assessed by recording responses of the external oblique abdominal muscle to colorectal distension. Our results demonstrated that hippocampal LTP and visceral hypersensitivity were enhanced significantly in rats of NMS. ζ-Pseudosubstrate inhibitory peptide (ZIP) could dose dependently inhibit the maintenance of Cornu Ammonis area 1 LTP in rats of NMS. Furthermore, Western blot data showed that the expression of hippocampal phosphorylated PKMζ (p-PKMζ) significantly increased in rats of NMS. In addition, bilateral intrahippocampal injections of ZIP attenuated the visceral hypersensitivity dose dependently in rats of NMS. The maximal inhibition was observed at 30 min, and significant inhibition lasted for 1.5–2 h after ZIP application. Besides, data from the open-field test and Morris water maze showed that ZIP did not influence the movement and spatial procedural memory in rats of NMS. In conclusion, p-PKMζ might be a critical protein in the maintenance of hippocampal LTP, which could result in visceral hypersensitivity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Aiqin Chen
- Fujian Medical University, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Laboratory of Pain Research, Key Laboratory of Brain Aging and Neurodegenerative Diseases, Neuroscience Research Center, Fuzhou City, Fujian Province, People's Republic of China
| | - Chengjia Bao
- Fujian Medical University, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Laboratory of Pain Research, Key Laboratory of Brain Aging and Neurodegenerative Diseases, Neuroscience Research Center, Fuzhou City, Fujian Province, People's Republic of China
| | - Ying Tang
- Fujian Medical University, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Laboratory of Pain Research, Key Laboratory of Brain Aging and Neurodegenerative Diseases, Neuroscience Research Center, Fuzhou City, Fujian Province, People's Republic of China
| | - Xiaoqing Luo
- Fujian Medical University, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Laboratory of Pain Research, Key Laboratory of Brain Aging and Neurodegenerative Diseases, Neuroscience Research Center, Fuzhou City, Fujian Province, People's Republic of China
| | - Lixia Guo
- Fujian Medical University, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Laboratory of Pain Research, Key Laboratory of Brain Aging and Neurodegenerative Diseases, Neuroscience Research Center, Fuzhou City, Fujian Province, People's Republic of China
| | - Bin Liu
- Fujian Medical University, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Laboratory of Pain Research, Key Laboratory of Brain Aging and Neurodegenerative Diseases, Neuroscience Research Center, Fuzhou City, Fujian Province, People's Republic of China
| | - Chun Lin
- Fujian Medical University, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Laboratory of Pain Research, Key Laboratory of Brain Aging and Neurodegenerative Diseases, Neuroscience Research Center, Fuzhou City, Fujian Province, People's Republic of China
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29
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Neuroplasticity underlying the comorbidity of pain and depression. Neural Plast 2015; 2015:504691. [PMID: 25810926 PMCID: PMC4355564 DOI: 10.1155/2015/504691] [Citation(s) in RCA: 147] [Impact Index Per Article: 16.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/05/2014] [Accepted: 02/10/2015] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Acute pain induces depressed mood, and chronic pain is known to cause depression. Depression, meanwhile, can also adversely affect pain behaviors ranging from symptomology to treatment response. Pain and depression independently induce long-term plasticity in the central nervous system (CNS). Comorbid conditions, however, have distinct patterns of neural activation. We performed a review of the changes in neural circuitry and molecular signaling pathways that may underlie this complex relationship between pain and depression. We also discussed some of the current and future therapies that are based on this understanding of the CNS plasticity that occurs with pain and depression.
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