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Damluji AA, Forman DE, van Diepen S, Alexander KP, Page RL, Hummel SL, Menon V, Katz JN, Albert NM, Afilalo J, Cohen MG. Older Adults in the Cardiac Intensive Care Unit: Factoring Geriatric Syndromes in the Management, Prognosis, and Process of Care: A Scientific Statement From the American Heart Association. Circulation 2020; 141:e6-e32. [DOI: 10.1161/cir.0000000000000741] [Citation(s) in RCA: 50] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
Longevity is increasing, and more adults are living to the stage of life when age-related biological factors determine a higher likelihood of cardiovascular disease in a distinctive context of concurrent geriatric conditions. Older adults with cardiovascular disease are frequently admitted to cardiac intensive care units (CICUs), where care is commensurate with high age-related cardiovascular disease risks but where the associated geriatric conditions (including multimorbidity, polypharmacy, cognitive decline and delirium, and frailty) may be inadvertently exacerbated and destabilized. The CICU environment of procedures, new medications, sensory overload, sleep deprivation, prolonged bed rest, malnourishment, and sleep is usually inherently disruptive to older patients regardless of the excellence of cardiovascular disease care. Given these fundamental and broad challenges of patient aging, CICU management priorities and associated decision-making are particularly complex and in need of enhancements. In this American Heart Association statement, we examine age-related risks and describe some of the distinctive dynamics pertinent to older adults and emerging opportunities to enhance CICU care. Relevant assessment tools are discussed, as well as the need for additional clinical research to best advance CICU care for the already dominating and still expanding population of older adults.
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2
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Schuler CL, Dodds C, Hommel KA, Ittenbach RF, Denson LA, Lipstein EA. Shared decision making in IBD: A novel approach to trial consent and timing. Contemp Clin Trials Commun 2019; 16:100447. [PMID: 31538130 PMCID: PMC6745512 DOI: 10.1016/j.conctc.2019.100447] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/21/2019] [Revised: 08/27/2019] [Accepted: 09/05/2019] [Indexed: 12/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Shared decision making (SDM) between families and physicians may facilitate informed, timely decisions to proceed with biologic therapy in children with inflammatory bowel disease (IBD). Our team previously developed an SDM tool to aid communication between physicians and families when considering biologic therapy for children with IBD. Objective We are conducting a prospective, pre-post pilot trial of a new SDM tool. The primary aim of the study is to assess feasibility of both the intervention and trial procedures for a future large-scale trial. Methods We are enrolling physicians with experience prescribing biologic therapy in the past year and families of children with IBD. Families in the intervention arm receive a 3-step intervention including a letter sent before trial consent or clinic appointment, an in-clinic decision tool and a follow-up phone call. Our primary trial outcome is a measure of feasibility, with measures of clinical and decision outcomes secondary. We seek to enroll 27 families in each of 2 arms (usual-care and intervention) and plan data collection at the time of the initial visit or hospital stay, and at 1 week, 3 months, and 6 months after the initial visit. Conclusion This study protocol is designed to demonstrate that integrating novel consent procedures, including timing and multiple versions of written consent, may increase trial feasibility while maintaining scientific rigor and full protection of study participants.
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Affiliation(s)
- Christine L Schuler
- Division of Hospital Medicine, Cincinnati Children's Hospital Medical Center, Cincinnati, OH, USA.,University of Cincinnati College of Medicine, Cincinnati, OH, USA
| | - Cassandra Dodds
- James M. Anderson Center for Health Systems Excellence, Cincinnati Children's Hospital Medical Center, Cincinnati, OH, USA
| | - Kevin A Hommel
- Division of Behavioral Medicine and Clinical Psychology, Cincinnati Children's Hospital Medical Center, Cincinnati, OH, USA.,University of Cincinnati College of Medicine, Cincinnati, OH, USA
| | - Richard F Ittenbach
- Division of Biostatistics and Epidemiology, Cincinnati Children's Hospital Medical Center, Cincinnati, OH, USA.,University of Cincinnati College of Medicine, Cincinnati, OH, USA
| | - Lee A Denson
- Division of Gastroenterology, Hepatology and Nutrition, Cincinnati Children's Hospital Medical Center, Cincinnati, OH, USA.,University of Cincinnati College of Medicine, Cincinnati, OH, USA
| | - Ellen A Lipstein
- James M. Anderson Center for Health Systems Excellence, Cincinnati Children's Hospital Medical Center, Cincinnati, OH, USA.,University of Cincinnati College of Medicine, Cincinnati, OH, USA
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Incorporating patients' preference diagnosis in implantable cardioverter defibrillator decision-making: a review of recent literature. Curr Opin Cardiol 2018; 33:42-49. [PMID: 29216014 DOI: 10.1097/hco.0000000000000464] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
Abstract
PURPOSE OF REVIEW Strong recommendations exist for implantable cardioverter defibrillators (ICD) in appropriately selected patients. Yet, patient preferences are not often incorporated when decisions about ICD therapy are made. Literature published since 2016 was reviewed aiming to discuss current advances and ongoing challenges with ICD decision-making in adults, discuss shared decision-making (SDM) as a strategy to incorporate preference diagnoses, summarize current evidence on effective interventions to facilitate SDM, and identify opportunities for research and practice. RECENT FINDINGS Advances in risk stratification can identify patients who will most and least likely benefit from the ICD. Interventions to support SDM are emerging. These interventions present options, the risks, and the benefits of each option, and elicit patients' values and preferences regarding possible outcomes. SUMMARY Appropriate patient selection for initial or continued ICD therapy is multifactorial. It requires accurate clinical diagnosis using careful risk stratification and accurate preference diagnosis based upon the patient's preferences. SDM aims to unite the elements that constitute these two equally important diagnoses. High-quality decision-making will be difficult to achieve if patients lack or misunderstand information, and if evolving patient preferences are not incorporated when making decisions.
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Forman J, Baumbusch J, Jackson H, Lindenberg J, Shook A, Bashir J. Exploring the patients’ experiences of living with a subcutaneous implantable cardioverter defibrillator. Eur J Cardiovasc Nurs 2018; 17:698-706. [DOI: 10.1177/1474515118777419] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
Background: The implantable cardioverter defibrillator provides effective treatment for the prevention of sudden cardiac arrest but significant risks associated with transvenous implantation persist. The subcutaneous implantable cardioverter defibrillator has proven to be an alternative and innovative treatment option for select patients to mitigate these risks. Obtaining the patients’ perspectives can provide clinicians with essential information to guide implant selection, procedural decision-making, and support patient management. Conventional implantable cardioverter defibrillator patients have reported shock-related anxiety, fear, insufficient education, and challenges adapting to physical and psychological changes. Little evidence exists to determine whether differences between the subcutaneous implantable cardioverter defibrillator and conventional implantable cardioverter defibrillator allow for the transferability of our current knowledge to the care and management of this population. Aims: The purpose of this study was to explore patients’ experiences of living with a subcutaneous implantable cardioverter defibrillator including the decision-making process, implant, and follow-up care processes. Methods: Using an exploratory qualitative approach, semi-structured interviews were conducted by telephone with 15 participants who underwent subcutaneous implantable cardioverter defibrillator implant. Results: Analysis revealed five main themes: (a) influences on decision-making; (b) unmet education needs; (c) physical impact; (d) psychological impact; and (e) recommendations. Conclusion: As a new technology, little knowledge of the subcutaneous implantable cardioverter defibrillator exists outside of the tertiary implanting sites, therefore developing new strategies to increase learning and dissemination is essential. Although similarities exist in our findings to those of conventional implantable cardioverter defibrillators, there are significant differences in the decision-making process and physical impact which require individualized care planning and development of strategies to provide a patient-centered approach to care.
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Eiser AR, Kirkpatrick JN, Patton KK, McLain E, Dougherty CM, Beattie JM. Putting the “Informed” in the informed consent process for implantable cardioverter-defibrillators: Addressing the needs of the elderly patient. PACING AND CLINICAL ELECTROPHYSIOLOGY: PACE 2018; 41:312-320. [DOI: 10.1111/pace.13288] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/14/2017] [Revised: 11/14/2017] [Accepted: 01/15/2018] [Indexed: 12/26/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Arnold R. Eiser
- Department of Medicine; Drexel University College of Medicine; Philadelphia PA USA
- Leonard Davis Institute; University of Pennsylvania; Philadelphia PA USA
| | - James N. Kirkpatrick
- Division of Cardiology; University of Washington School of Medicine; Seattle WA USA
| | - Kristen K. Patton
- Division of Cardiology; University of Washington School of Medicine; Seattle WA USA
| | - Emily McLain
- Summit Cardiology; Northwest Hospital; Seattle WA USA
| | - Cynthia M. Dougherty
- Research Biobehavioral and Health Systems; University of Washington School of Nursing; Seattle WA USA
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Carroll SL, Embuldeniya G, Pannag J, Lewis KB, Healey JS, McGillion M, Thabane L, Stacey D. "I don't know exactly what you're referring to": the challenge of values elicitation in decision making for implantable cardioverter-defibrillators. Patient Prefer Adherence 2018; 12:1947-1954. [PMID: 30319244 PMCID: PMC6168006 DOI: 10.2147/ppa.s173705] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/23/2022] Open
Abstract
PURPOSE Patients' values are a key component of patient-centered care and shared decision making in health care organizations. There is limited understanding on how patients' values guide their health related decision making or how patients understand the concept of values during these processes. This study investigated patients' understanding of their values in the context of considering the risks/benefits of receiving an implantable cardioverter-defibrillator (ICD). PATIENTS AND METHODS A qualitative substudy was conducted within a feasibility trial with first-time ICD candidates randomized to receive a patient decision aid or usual care prior to specialist consultation. Semi-structured interviews were conducted with participants post-implantation or post-specialist consultation. RESULTS Sixteen patients (ten male) aged 47-87 years participated. Of these, ten (62.5%) received the patient decision aid prior to specialist consultation. Findings revealed patients were confused by the word "values" and had difficulty expressing values related to risks/benefits during ICD decision making. When probed, values were conceptualized broadly capturing other factors such as desire to live, good quality of life, family's views, ICD information, control over decision, and medical authority. CONCLUSION This study revealed the difficulty patients considering an ICD had with articulating their values in the context of an ICD health decision and highlighted the challenge to effectively elicit patients' values within health decisions overall. It is suggested that there should be a shift away from the use of the word "values" when speaking directly to patients toward language such as "what matters to you the most" or "what is most important to you".
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Affiliation(s)
- Sandra L Carroll
- School of Nursing, McMaster University, Hamilton, ON, Canada,
- Population Health Research Institute, Hamilton Health Sciences, Hamilton, ON, Canada,
- Hamilton Health Sciences, Hamilton, ON, Canada,
| | | | - Jasprit Pannag
- School of Nursing, McMaster University, Hamilton, ON, Canada,
| | | | - Jeff S Healey
- Population Health Research Institute, Hamilton Health Sciences, Hamilton, ON, Canada,
- Hamilton Health Sciences, Hamilton, ON, Canada,
- Department of Medicine, McMaster University, Hamilton, ON, Canada
| | - Michael McGillion
- School of Nursing, McMaster University, Hamilton, ON, Canada,
- Population Health Research Institute, Hamilton Health Sciences, Hamilton, ON, Canada,
| | - Lehana Thabane
- Population Health Research Institute, Hamilton Health Sciences, Hamilton, ON, Canada,
- Department of Health Research Methods, Evidence and Impact, McMaster University, Hamilton, ON, Canada
- Biostatistics Unit, St. Joseph's Healthcare, Hamilton, ON, Canada
| | - Dawn Stacey
- School of Nursing, University of Ottawa, Ottawa, ON, Canada
- Ottawa Hospital Research Institute, Ottawa, ON, Canada
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Carroll SL, Stacey D, McGillion M, Healey JS, Foster G, Hutchings S, Arthur HM, Browne G, Thabane L. Evaluating the feasibility of conducting a trial using a patient decision aid in implantable cardioverter defibrillator candidates: a randomized controlled feasibility trial. Pilot Feasibility Stud 2017; 3:49. [PMID: 29201388 PMCID: PMC5697082 DOI: 10.1186/s40814-017-0189-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/01/2016] [Accepted: 09/26/2017] [Indexed: 12/18/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Patient decision aids (PtDA) support quality decision-making. The aim of this research was to evaluate the feasibility of conducting a randomized controlled trial delivering an implantable cardioverter defibrillator (ICD)-specific PtDA to new ICD candidates and examining preliminary estimates of differences in outcomes. METHODS Prior to recruitment, ICD candidacy was determined. Consented patients were randomized to (1) usual care or (2) PtDA intervention. Feasibility outcomes included referral and recruitment rates, successful PtDA delivery, and completion of measures. The PtDA intervention was administered prior to specialist consultation and baseline demographics, and measures of decision quality including decisional conflict (DCS), SURE test (Sure of myself, Understand information, Risk-benefit ratio, Encouragement), patient's ICD specific values, ICD knowledge, and health-related quality of life were recorded. Post-consultation, participant's DCS was repeated and decisions to proceed, decline, or defer ICD implantation were collected. Feasibility data was determined using descriptive statistics (continuous and categorical). Preliminary estimates of differences in outcomes were assessed using mean differences. Concordance between values and decision choice was assessed using logistic regression of the intervention group. RESULTS We identified 135 eligible patients. Eighty-two consented to the trial randomizing patients to usual care (n = 41) or PtDA intervention (n = 41). Feasibility outcome results were (1) referral rate at approximately 20/month, (2) recruitment rate 61%, and (3) successful delivery of PtDA and study management. Pre-consultation, PtDA patients scored lower on the DCS scale (mean, standard deviation [SD] 27.3 (18.4) compared to usual care, 49.4 (18.6); the between-group difference in means [95% confidence interval (CI)] was - 22.1[- 30.23, - 13.97]. A difference remained post-implantation 21.2 (11.7), PtDA intervention 29.9 (13.3), and usual care - 8.7 [- 14.61, - 2.86]. SURE test results supported DCS differences. The PtDA group scored higher on the ICD-related knowledge questions, with 47.50% scoring greater than 3/5 of the knowledge questions correct, compared to 23.09% receiving usual care. The mean [SD] number of correct knowledge responses out of 5 was 3.33(1.19) in the PtDA group and 2.62 (1.16) in usual care pre-implant. Concordance between values and decision choice found a strong association between predicted and actual ICD implant status in the intervention group. CONCLUSION Our results suggest that a future definitive trial is feasible. The ICD-specific PtDA shows promise with respect to preliminary estimates of differences in outcomes. TRIAL REGISTRATION NCT01876173.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sandra L. Carroll
- Faculty of Health Sciences, School of Nursing, McMaster University, 1280 Main St. W, Hamilton, ON Canada
- Population Health Research Institute, Hamilton Health Sciences, Hamilton, ON Canada
| | - Dawn Stacey
- School of Nursing, University of Ottawa, Ottawa, Canada
- Ottawa Hospital Research Institute, Ottawa, Canada
| | - Michael McGillion
- Faculty of Health Sciences, School of Nursing, McMaster University, 1280 Main St. W, Hamilton, ON Canada
- Population Health Research Institute, Hamilton Health Sciences, Hamilton, ON Canada
| | - Jeff S. Healey
- Population Health Research Institute, Hamilton Health Sciences, Hamilton, ON Canada
- Department of Medicine, McMaster University, Hamilton, Canada
| | - Gary Foster
- Department of Health Research Methods, Evidence and Impact, McMaster University, Hamilton, ON Canada
| | | | - Heather M. Arthur
- Faculty of Health Sciences, School of Nursing, McMaster University, 1280 Main St. W, Hamilton, ON Canada
| | - Gina Browne
- Faculty of Health Sciences, School of Nursing, McMaster University, 1280 Main St. W, Hamilton, ON Canada
- Department of Health Research Methods, Evidence and Impact, McMaster University, Hamilton, ON Canada
| | - Lehana Thabane
- Population Health Research Institute, Hamilton Health Sciences, Hamilton, ON Canada
- Department of Health Research Methods, Evidence and Impact, McMaster University, Hamilton, ON Canada
- The Research Institute, St. Josephs’s Healthcare, Hamilton, Ontario Canada
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Green AR, Jenkins A, Masoudi FA, Magid DJ, Kutner JS, Leff B, Matlock DD. Decision-Making Experiences of Patients with Implantable Cardioverter Defibrillators. PACING AND CLINICAL ELECTROPHYSIOLOGY: PACE 2016; 39:1061-1069. [PMID: 27566614 DOI: 10.1111/pace.12943] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/18/2016] [Revised: 08/03/2016] [Accepted: 08/18/2016] [Indexed: 01/13/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND When patients are not adequately engaged in decision making, they may be at risk of decision regret. Our objective was to explore patients' perceptions of their decision-making experiences related to implantable cardioverter defibrillators (ICDs). METHODS Cross-sectional, mailed survey of 412 patients who received an ICD without cardiac resynchronization therapy for any indication between 2006 and 2009. Patients were asked about decision participation and decision regret. RESULTS A total of 295 patients with ICDs responded (72% response rate). Overall, 79% reported that they were as involved in the decision as they wanted. However, 28% reported that they were not told of the option of not getting an ICD and 37% did not remember being asked if they wanted an ICD. In total, 19% reported not wanting their ICD at the time of implantation. Those who did not want the ICD were younger (<65 years; 74% vs 43%, P < 0.001), had higher decision regret (31/100 vs 11/100, P < 0.001), and reported less participation in decision making (the doctor "totally" made the decision, 9% vs 3%; P < 0.001). CONCLUSIONS A considerable number of ICD recipients recalled not wanting their ICD at the time of implantation. While these findings may be prone to recall bias, they likely identify opportunities to improve ICD decision making.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ariel R Green
- Division of Geriatric Medicine, Department of Medicine, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, Maryland.
| | - Amy Jenkins
- Division of Geriatrics, Department of Medicine, University of Colorado School of Medicine, Aurora, Colorado
| | - Frederick A Masoudi
- Division of Cardiology, Department of Medicine, University of Colorado School of Medicine, Aurora, Colorado.,Colorado Cardiovascular Outcomes Research Consortium, Denver, Colorado
| | - David J Magid
- Colorado Cardiovascular Outcomes Research Consortium, Denver, Colorado.,Institute for Health Research, Kaiser Permanente Colorado, Denver, Colorado
| | - Jean S Kutner
- Division of Geriatrics, Department of Medicine, University of Colorado School of Medicine, Aurora, Colorado
| | - Bruce Leff
- Division of Geriatric Medicine, Department of Medicine, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, Maryland.,Department of Health Policy and Management, Johns Hopkins University Bloomberg School of Public Health, Baltimore, Maryland.,Department of Community and Public Health, Johns Hopkins School of Nursing, Baltimore, Maryland
| | - Daniel D Matlock
- Division of Geriatrics, Department of Medicine, University of Colorado School of Medicine, Aurora, Colorado.,Colorado Cardiovascular Outcomes Research Consortium, Denver, Colorado
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Blencowe NS, Brown JM, Cook JA, Metcalfe C, Morton DG, Nicholl J, Sharples LD, Treweek S, Blazeby JM. Interventions in randomised controlled trials in surgery: issues to consider during trial design. Trials 2015; 16:392. [PMID: 26337522 PMCID: PMC4558964 DOI: 10.1186/s13063-015-0918-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 36] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/02/2015] [Accepted: 08/20/2015] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Until recently, insufficient attention has been paid to the fact that surgical interventions are complex. This complexity has several implications, including the way in which surgical interventions are described and delivered in trials. In order for surgeons to adopt trial findings, interventions need to be described in sufficient detail to enable accurate replication; however, it may be permissible to allow some aspects to be delivered according to local practice. Accumulating work in this area has identified the need for general guidance on the design of surgical interventions in trial protocols and reports. Key issues to consider when designing surgical interventions include the identification of each surgical intervention and their components, who will deliver the interventions, and where and how the interventions will be standardised and monitored during the trial. The trial design (pragmatic and explanatory), comparator and stage of innovation may also influence the extent of detail required. Thoughtful consideration of surgical interventions in this way may help with the interpretation of trial results and the adoption of successful interventions into clinical practice.
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Affiliation(s)
- Natalie S Blencowe
- Centre for Surgical Research, School of Social and Community Medicine, University of Bristol, Canynge Hall, 39 Whatley Road, Clifton, Bristol, BS8 2PS, UK.
- Division of Surgery, Head & Neck, University Hospitals Bristol NHS Foundation Trust, Bristol, UK.
| | - Julia M Brown
- Leeds Institute for Clinical Trials Research, University of Leeds, Clarendon Road, Leeds, UK.
| | - Jonathan A Cook
- Centre for Statistics in Medicine, Nuffield Department of Orthopaedics, Rheumatology and Musculoskeletal Sciences, University of Oxford, Oxford, UK.
| | - Chris Metcalfe
- Centre for Surgical Research, School of Social and Community Medicine, University of Bristol, Canynge Hall, 39 Whatley Road, Clifton, Bristol, BS8 2PS, UK.
| | - Dion G Morton
- Academic Department of Surgery, School of Cancer Sciences, Queen Elizabeth Hospital University of Birmingham, Edgbaston, Birmingham, UK.
| | - Jon Nicholl
- School of Health and Related Research, University of Sheffield, Regent Court, 30 Regent Street, Sheffield, UK.
| | - Linda D Sharples
- Leeds Institute for Clinical Trials Research, University of Leeds, Clarendon Road, Leeds, UK.
| | - Shaun Treweek
- Health Services Research Unit, University of Aberdeen, 3rd Floor, Health Sciences Building, Foresterhill, Aberdeen, UK.
| | - Jane M Blazeby
- Centre for Surgical Research, School of Social and Community Medicine, University of Bristol, Canynge Hall, 39 Whatley Road, Clifton, Bristol, BS8 2PS, UK.
- Division of Surgery, Head & Neck, University Hospitals Bristol NHS Foundation Trust, Bristol, UK.
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Making Decisions About Implantable Cardioverter-Defibrillators from Implantation to End of Life: An Integrative Review of Patients’ Perspectives. PATIENT-PATIENT CENTERED OUTCOMES RESEARCH 2014; 7:243-60. [DOI: 10.1007/s40271-014-0055-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 52] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/25/2022]
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