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Bianchi F, Bennett D, Alderighi L, Pieroni M, Refini RM, Fossi A, Bargagli E, Mazzei MA, Guazzi G, Cusi MG, Sestini P. Coronavirus HKU 1 infection with bronchiolitis, pericardial effusion and acute respiratory failure in obese adult female. J Asthma 2020; 58:1128-1131. [PMID: 32336170 DOI: 10.1080/02770903.2020.1761981] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/15/2023]
Abstract
Seven species of coronavirus cause acute respiratory illness in humans. Coronavirus HKU 1 (CoV HKU 1) was first described in 2005 in an adult patient with pneumonia in Hong Kong. Although it is a well-known respiratory tract pathogen, there is not much information about its role in hospitalized adults, especially in southern Europe. Here, we describe a case of radiologically demonstrated CoV HKU 1-related bronchiolitis with acute respiratory failure in an adult female without significant comorbidities except obesity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Francesco Bianchi
- Respiratory Diseases Unit, Department of Medical Sciences, University Hospital of Siena (Azienda Ospedaliera Universitaria Senese, AOUS), Siena, Italy
| | - David Bennett
- Respiratory Diseases Unit, Department of Medical Sciences, University Hospital of Siena (Azienda Ospedaliera Universitaria Senese, AOUS), Siena, Italy
| | - Lorenzo Alderighi
- Respiratory Diseases Unit, Department of Medical Sciences, University Hospital of Siena (Azienda Ospedaliera Universitaria Senese, AOUS), Siena, Italy
| | - Maria Pieroni
- Respiratory Diseases Unit, Department of Medical Sciences, University Hospital of Siena (Azienda Ospedaliera Universitaria Senese, AOUS), Siena, Italy
| | - Rosa Metella Refini
- Respiratory Diseases Unit, Department of Medical Sciences, University Hospital of Siena (Azienda Ospedaliera Universitaria Senese, AOUS), Siena, Italy
| | - Antonella Fossi
- Respiratory Diseases Unit, Department of Medical Sciences, University Hospital of Siena (Azienda Ospedaliera Universitaria Senese, AOUS), Siena, Italy
| | - Elena Bargagli
- Respiratory Diseases Unit, Department of Medical Sciences, University Hospital of Siena (Azienda Ospedaliera Universitaria Senese, AOUS), Siena, Italy
| | - Maria Antonietta Mazzei
- Diagnostic Imaging Unit, Department of Radiological Sciences, University Hospital of Siena (Azienda Ospedaliera Universitaria Senese, AOUS), Siena, Italy
| | - Gianni Guazzi
- Emergency Diagnostic, Department of Emergency and Urgency and Transplants, University Hospital of Siena (Azienda Ospedaliera Universitaria Senese, AOUS), Siena, Italy
| | - Maria Grazia Cusi
- Microbiology and Virology Unit, Department of Innovation, Experimentation and Clinical Research, University Hospital of Siena (Azienda Ospedaliera Universitaria Senese, AOUS), Siena, Italy
| | - Piersante Sestini
- Respiratory Diseases Unit, Department of Medical Sciences, University Hospital of Siena (Azienda Ospedaliera Universitaria Senese, AOUS), Siena, Italy
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Abolhassani H, Lim CK, Aghamohammadi A, Hammarström L. Histocompatibility Complex Status and Mendelian Randomization Analysis in Unsolved Antibody Deficiency. Front Immunol 2020; 11:14. [PMID: 32038658 PMCID: PMC6993084 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2020.00014] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/08/2019] [Accepted: 01/06/2020] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
The pathogenesis in the majority of patients with common variable immunodeficiency (CVID), the most common symptomatic primary immunodeficiency, remains unknown. We aimed to compare the minor and major histocompatibility complex (MHC) markers as well as polygenic scores of common genetic variants between patients with monogenic CVID and without known genetic mutation detected. Monogenic patients were identified in a CVID cohort using whole exome sequencing. Computational full-resolution MHC typing and confirmatory PCR amplicon-based high-resolution typing were performed. Exome-wide polygenic scores were developed using significantly different variants and multi-variant Mendelian randomization (MR) analyses were used to test the causality of significant genetic variants on antibody levels and susceptibility to infectious diseases. Among 83 CVID patients (44.5% females), monogenic defects were found in 40 individuals. Evaluation of the remaining CVID patients without known genetic mutation detected showed 13 and 27 significantly associated MHC-class I and II alleles, respectively. The most significant partial haplotype linked with the unsolved CVID was W*01:01:01-DMA*01:01:01-DMB*01:03:01:02-TAP1*01:01:01 (P < 0.001), where carriers had a late onset of the disease, only infection clinical phenotype, a non-familial form of CVID, post-germinal center defects and a non-progressive form of their disease. Exclusion of monogenic diseases allowed MR analyses to identify significant genetic variants associated with bacterial infections and improved discrepancies observed in MR analyses of previous GWAS studies with low pleiotropy mainly for a lower respiratory infection, bacterial infection and Streptococcal infection. This is the first study on the full-resolution of minor and major MHC typing and polygenic scores on CVID patients and showed that exclusion of monogenic forms of the disease unraveled an independent role of MHC genes and common genetic variants in the pathogenesis of CVID.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hassan Abolhassani
- Division of Clinical Immunology, Department of Laboratory Medicine, Karolinska Institutet at Karolinska University Hospital Huddinge, Stockholm, Sweden.,Research Center for Immunodeficiencies, Pediatrics Center of Excellence, Children's Medical Center, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Che Kang Lim
- Division of Clinical Immunology, Department of Laboratory Medicine, Karolinska Institutet at Karolinska University Hospital Huddinge, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Asghar Aghamohammadi
- Research Center for Immunodeficiencies, Pediatrics Center of Excellence, Children's Medical Center, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Lennart Hammarström
- Division of Clinical Immunology, Department of Laboratory Medicine, Karolinska Institutet at Karolinska University Hospital Huddinge, Stockholm, Sweden
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Exploring the role and diversity of mucins in health and disease with special insight into non-communicable diseases. Glycoconj J 2015; 32:575-613. [PMID: 26239922 DOI: 10.1007/s10719-015-9606-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/18/2015] [Accepted: 06/18/2015] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
Mucins are major glycoprotein components of the mucus that coats the surfaces of cells lining the respiratory, digestive, gastrointestinal and urogenital tracts. They function to protect epithelial cells from infection, dehydration and physical or chemical injury, as well as to aid the passage of materials through a tract i.e., lubrication. They are also implicated in the pathogenesis of benign and malignant diseases of secretory epithelial cells. In Human there are two types of mucins, membrane-bound and secreted that are originated from mucous producing goblet cells localized in the epithelial cell layer or in mucous producing glands and encoded by MUC gene. Mucins belong to a heterogeneous family of high molecular weight proteins composed of a long peptidic chain with a large number of tandem repeats that form the so-called mucin domain. The molecular weight is generally high, ranging between 0.2 and 10 million Dalton and all mucins contain one or more domains which are highly glycosylated. The size and number of repeats vary between mucins and the genetic polymorphism represents number of repeats (VNTR polymorphisms), which means the size of individual mucins can differ substantially between individuals which can be used as markers. In human it is only MUC1 and MUC7 that have mucin domains with less than 40% serine and threonine which in turn could reduce number of PTS domains. Mucins can be considered as powerful two-edged sword, as its normal function protects from unwanted substances and organisms at an arm's length while, malfunction of mucus may be an important factor in human diseases. In this review we have unearthed the current status of different mucin proteins in understanding its role and function in various non-communicable diseases in human with special reference to its organ specific locations. The findings described in this review may be of direct relevance to the major research area in biomedicine with reference to mucin and mucin associated diseases.
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Mauch RM, Rossi CL, Ribeiro JD, Ribeiro AF, Nolasco da Silva MT, Levy CE. Assessment of IgG antibodies to Pseudomonas aeruginosa in patients with cystic fibrosis by an enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA). Diagn Pathol 2014; 9:158. [PMID: 25146522 PMCID: PMC4182790 DOI: 10.1186/s13000-014-0158-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/04/2014] [Accepted: 07/31/2014] [Indexed: 12/03/2022] Open
Abstract
Background The usefulness of serological tests for detection of P. aeruginosa pulmonary infection in cystic fibrosis (CF) is controversial. Here, we assessed the value of detecting anti-P. aeruginosa IgG by a quantitative enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) for identification of P. aeruginosa infection in patients with cystic fibrosis. Methods Serum concentrations of anti-P. aeruginosa IgG were assessed in 117 CF patients classified according to their P. aeruginosa colonization/infection status (never colonized; free of infection; intermittently colonized and chronically infected) and in 53 healthy subjects by the ELISA test standardized with the St-Ag:1–17 antigen. Results The rate of IgG seropositivity and the median of IgG concentrations of this antibody in patients chronically infected were significantly higher than those found in the other CF groups and in the healthy control group. Conclusion Detection of anti-P. aeruginosa IgG can be an useful tool for identification of P. aeruginosa chronic infection in patients with CF. Virtual Slides The virtual slide(s) for this article can be found here: http://www.diagnosticpathology.diagnomx.eu/vs/13000_2014_158
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