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Ghielmetti G, Hilbe M, Friedel U, Menegatti C, Bacciarini L, Stephan R, Bloemberg G. Mycobacterial infections in wild boars (Sus scrofa) from Southern Switzerland: Diagnostic improvements, epidemiological situation and zoonotic potential. Transbound Emerg Dis 2020; 68:573-586. [PMID: 32640107 PMCID: PMC8247353 DOI: 10.1111/tbed.13717] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/30/2020] [Revised: 06/29/2020] [Accepted: 07/02/2020] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
The occurrence of mycobacterial infections in different hosts and their implication as obligate or opportunistic pathogens remain mainly unclear. In addition to the well-known pathogenic members of the Mycobacterium tuberculosis - complex (MTBC), over 180 non-tuberculous mycobacteria (NTM) species have been described. Although the large majority of the NTM is assumed to be non-pathogenic to most individuals, an increasing trend in NTM infections has been observed over the last decades. The reasons of such augmentation are probably more than one: improved laboratory diagnostics, an increasing number of immunocompromised patients and individuals with lung damage are some of the possible aspects. Mandibular lymph nodes of 176 hunted wild boars from the pre-Alpine region of Canton Ticino, Switzerland, were collected. Following gross inspection, each lymph node was subjected to culture and to an IS6110 based real-time PCR specific for MTBC members. Histology was performed of a selection of lymph nodes (n = 14) presenting gross visible lesions. Moreover, accuracy of matrix-assisted laser desorption ionization time-of-flight mass spectrometry (MALDI-TOF MS) species identification was compared with sequence analysis of a combination of housekeeping genes. Mycobacteria of the MTBC were detected in 2.8% of the wild boars (n = 5; CI95% 1.2-6.5) and were all confirmed to be Mycobacterium microti by molecular methods. In addition, based on the examined lymph nodes, NTM were detected in 57.4% (n = 101; CI95% 50.0-64.5) of the wild boars originating from the study area. The 111 isolates belonged to 24 known species and three potentially undescribed Mycobacterium species. M. avium subsp. hominissuis thereby predominated (22.5%) and was found in lymph nodes with and without macroscopic changes. Overall, the present findings show that, with the exception of undescribed Mycobacterium species where identification was not possible (3.6%; 4/111), MALDI-TOF MS had a high concordance rate (90.1%; 100/111 isolates) to the sequence-based reference method.
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Affiliation(s)
- Giovanni Ghielmetti
- Institute for Food Safety and Hygiene, Section of Veterinary Bacteriology, University of Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Monika Hilbe
- Institute of Veterinary Pathology, University of Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Ute Friedel
- Institute for Food Safety and Hygiene, Section of Veterinary Bacteriology, University of Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland
| | | | | | - Roger Stephan
- Institute for Food Safety and Hygiene, Section of Veterinary Bacteriology, University of Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Guido Bloemberg
- Institute for Food Safety and Hygiene, National Reference Center for Enteropathogenic Bacteria and Listeria, University of Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland
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da Silva WMV, Duarte MH, de Carvalho LD, de Souza Caldas PC, Campos CED, Redner P, Ramos JP. Discovery of a novel Mycobacterium asiaticum PRA-hsp65 pattern. INFECTION GENETICS AND EVOLUTION 2019; 76:104040. [PMID: 31533063 DOI: 10.1016/j.meegid.2019.104040] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/30/2019] [Revised: 09/07/2019] [Accepted: 09/12/2019] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
Twenty-one pulmonary sputum samples from nine Brazilian patients were analyzed by the PRA-hsp65 method for identification of Mycobacterium species and the results were compared by sequencing. We reported a mutation at the position 381, that generates a suppression cutting site in the BstEII enzyme, thus leading to a new PRA-hsp65 pattern for M. asiaticum identification.
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Affiliation(s)
- William Marco Vicente da Silva
- National Reference Laboratory for Tuberculosis, Centro de Referência Professor Hélio Fraga, Escola Nacional de Saúde Pública, Fiocruz, RJ, Brazil.
| | - Mayara Henrique Duarte
- National Reference Laboratory for Tuberculosis, Centro de Referência Professor Hélio Fraga, Escola Nacional de Saúde Pública, Fiocruz, RJ, Brazil
| | - Luciana Distásio de Carvalho
- National Reference Laboratory for Tuberculosis, Centro de Referência Professor Hélio Fraga, Escola Nacional de Saúde Pública, Fiocruz, RJ, Brazil
| | - Paulo Cesar de Souza Caldas
- National Reference Laboratory for Tuberculosis, Centro de Referência Professor Hélio Fraga, Escola Nacional de Saúde Pública, Fiocruz, RJ, Brazil
| | - Carlos Eduardo Dias Campos
- National Reference Laboratory for Tuberculosis, Centro de Referência Professor Hélio Fraga, Escola Nacional de Saúde Pública, Fiocruz, RJ, Brazil
| | - Paulo Redner
- National Reference Laboratory for Tuberculosis, Centro de Referência Professor Hélio Fraga, Escola Nacional de Saúde Pública, Fiocruz, RJ, Brazil
| | - Jesus Pais Ramos
- National Reference Laboratory for Tuberculosis, Centro de Referência Professor Hélio Fraga, Escola Nacional de Saúde Pública, Fiocruz, RJ, Brazil
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Subangkit M, Yamamoto T, Ishida M, Nomura A, Yasiki N, Sudaryatma PE, Goto Y, Okabayashi T. Genotyping of swine Mycobacterium avium subsp. hominissuis isolates from Kyushu, Japan. J Vet Med Sci 2019; 81:1074-1079. [PMID: 31155550 PMCID: PMC6715914 DOI: 10.1292/jvms.19-0048] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/03/2022] Open
Abstract
The incidence of diseases caused by nontuberculous mycobacteria (NTM) is increasing
annually worldwide, including Japan. Mycobacterium avium subsp.
hoiminissuis (MAH) is one of the most common NTM species responsible
for chronic lung diseases in animals and humans. In the current study, mycobacterial
interspersed repetitive unit-variable number tandem repeat (MIRU-VNTR) typing was employed
to characterize the genetic diversity of swine MAH isolates from Kyushu, Japan. In total,
309 isolates were obtained from the lymph nodes of 107 pigs not displaying any clinical
signs of disease, of which 307 were identified as MAH, comprising 173 strains. Based on
eight established MIRU-VNTR loci, the MAH strains represented 50 genotypes constituting
three lineages, and 29 had not been described in the Mac French National Institute for
Agricultural Research Nouzilly MIRU-VNTR (Mac-INMV) database. MAH was the dominant
M. avium complex (MAC) in pigs from Kyushu, and there was high genetic
diversity among genotype profiles of MAH from Kyushu. We identified three predominant
genotype profiles in the tested area sharing high relatedness with genotype profiles of
strains isolated in European countries. MAH was the most common NTM in pigs from Kyushu
and exhibited high diversity, with new strain-derived genotypes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mawar Subangkit
- Laboratory of Veterinary Microbiology, Graduate School of Medicine and Veterinary Medicine, University of Miyazaki, 1-1 Gakuenkibanadai Nishi, Miyazaki, Miyazaki 889-2192, Japan.,Laboratory of Veterinary Microbiology, Department of Veterinary Science, Faculty of Agriculture, University of Miyazaki, 1-1 Gakuenkibanadai Nishi, Miyazaki, Miyazaki 889-2192, Japan.,Center for Animal Disease Control, University of Miyazaki, 1-1 Gakuenkibanadai Nishi, Miyazaki, Miyazaki 889-2192, Japan
| | - Tomoki Yamamoto
- Laboratory of Veterinary Microbiology, Department of Veterinary Science, Faculty of Agriculture, University of Miyazaki, 1-1 Gakuenkibanadai Nishi, Miyazaki, Miyazaki 889-2192, Japan.,Center for Animal Disease Control, University of Miyazaki, 1-1 Gakuenkibanadai Nishi, Miyazaki, Miyazaki 889-2192, Japan
| | - Mikiko Ishida
- Laboratory of Veterinary Microbiology, Department of Veterinary Science, Faculty of Agriculture, University of Miyazaki, 1-1 Gakuenkibanadai Nishi, Miyazaki, Miyazaki 889-2192, Japan.,Center for Animal Disease Control, University of Miyazaki, 1-1 Gakuenkibanadai Nishi, Miyazaki, Miyazaki 889-2192, Japan
| | - Arisa Nomura
- Laboratory of Veterinary Microbiology, Department of Veterinary Science, Faculty of Agriculture, University of Miyazaki, 1-1 Gakuenkibanadai Nishi, Miyazaki, Miyazaki 889-2192, Japan.,Center for Animal Disease Control, University of Miyazaki, 1-1 Gakuenkibanadai Nishi, Miyazaki, Miyazaki 889-2192, Japan
| | - Natsu Yasiki
- Laboratory of Veterinary Microbiology, Department of Veterinary Science, Faculty of Agriculture, University of Miyazaki, 1-1 Gakuenkibanadai Nishi, Miyazaki, Miyazaki 889-2192, Japan.,Center for Animal Disease Control, University of Miyazaki, 1-1 Gakuenkibanadai Nishi, Miyazaki, Miyazaki 889-2192, Japan
| | - Putu Eka Sudaryatma
- Laboratory of Veterinary Microbiology, Graduate School of Medicine and Veterinary Medicine, University of Miyazaki, 1-1 Gakuenkibanadai Nishi, Miyazaki, Miyazaki 889-2192, Japan.,Laboratory of Veterinary Microbiology, Department of Veterinary Science, Faculty of Agriculture, University of Miyazaki, 1-1 Gakuenkibanadai Nishi, Miyazaki, Miyazaki 889-2192, Japan.,Center for Animal Disease Control, University of Miyazaki, 1-1 Gakuenkibanadai Nishi, Miyazaki, Miyazaki 889-2192, Japan
| | - Yoshitaka Goto
- Laboratory of Veterinary Microbiology, Department of Veterinary Science, Faculty of Agriculture, University of Miyazaki, 1-1 Gakuenkibanadai Nishi, Miyazaki, Miyazaki 889-2192, Japan.,Center for Animal Disease Control, University of Miyazaki, 1-1 Gakuenkibanadai Nishi, Miyazaki, Miyazaki 889-2192, Japan
| | - Tamaki Okabayashi
- Laboratory of Veterinary Microbiology, Department of Veterinary Science, Faculty of Agriculture, University of Miyazaki, 1-1 Gakuenkibanadai Nishi, Miyazaki, Miyazaki 889-2192, Japan.,Center for Animal Disease Control, University of Miyazaki, 1-1 Gakuenkibanadai Nishi, Miyazaki, Miyazaki 889-2192, Japan
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Monde N, Munyeme M, Muwonge A, Muma JB, Malama S. Characterization of non-tuberculous mycobacterium from humans and water in an Agropastoral area in Zambia. BMC Infect Dis 2018; 18:20. [PMID: 29310592 PMCID: PMC5759224 DOI: 10.1186/s12879-017-2939-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/25/2017] [Accepted: 12/25/2017] [Indexed: 12/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Background The non-tuberculous mycobacteria include those mycobacterium species that are not members of the Mycobacterium tuberculosis complex, the causative agent of pulmonary tuberculosis and Mycobacterium leprae. In Zambia, Non-tuberculous Mycobacteria are gaining recognition as pathogens of public health significance. However, there is scanty information on the isolation and speciation of these organisms for better patient management, consequently reducing the burden of these infections. Given the above information, the thrust of this study was to isolate and characterize NTM from humans and water in Namwala district of Zambia. Method This was a cross-sectional study were 153 individuals with suspected TB were sampled from four health facilities in Namwala district, sputum samples were also collected. Additionally, 149 water samples were collected from different water drinking sources such as Tap water, Borehole water, rivers, wells and streams. Standard TB culture methods were employed to isolate Non-tuberculous Mycobacteria and later 16S–23S internal transcribed spacer region Sequencing was employed to characterize NTM. Results Seven (7, 4.6%) NTM species were identified from humans with M. arupense (3, 42.9%) being the most common organism, while twenty three (23, 15.4%) NTM were identified from water with the common species being Mycobacterium gordonae (5, 21.7%). Mycobacterium avium and Mycobacterium fortuitum were both identified from human and water samples. Conclusion This study has shown the isolation of NTM species from humans and water. The isolation of NTM from drinking water sources could signify a public health risk to humans.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ngula Monde
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, Tropical Diseases Research Center, P.O.Box 71769, Ndola, Zambia. .,Department of Disease Control, School of Veterinary Medicine, University of Zambia, P.O. Box 32379, 10101, Lusaka, Zambia.
| | - Musso Munyeme
- Department of Disease Control, School of Veterinary Medicine, University of Zambia, P.O. Box 32379, 10101, Lusaka, Zambia
| | - Adrian Muwonge
- University of Edinburgh, Roslin Institute, Easter Bush, Midlothian, Scotland, EH259RG, UK
| | - John Bwalya Muma
- Department of Disease Control, School of Veterinary Medicine, University of Zambia, P.O. Box 32379, 10101, Lusaka, Zambia
| | - Sydney Malama
- Health Promotions Unit, Institute of Economic and Social Research, University of Zambia, P.O. Box 30900, Lusaka, Zambia
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Nalapa DP, Muwonge A, Kankya C, Olea-Popelka F. Prevalence of tuberculous lesion in cattle slaughtered in Mubende district, Uganda. BMC Vet Res 2017; 13:73. [PMID: 28320401 PMCID: PMC5360035 DOI: 10.1186/s12917-017-0991-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/27/2016] [Accepted: 10/20/2016] [Indexed: 11/10/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND The aim of this study was to estimate the prevalence of gross pathology suggestive of bovine tuberculosis (TB-like lesions) and evaluate animal's characteristics associated with the risk of having bovine TB-like lesions among cattle slaughtered in Mubende district in the Uganda cattle corridor. METHOD We conducted a cross sectional study in which 1,576 slaughtered cattle in Mubende district municipal abattoir underwent post-mortem inspection between August 2013 and January 2014. The presence of bovine TB-like lesions in addition to the animal's sex, age, breed, and sub-county of origin prior to slaughter were recorded. Associations between the presence of bovine TB-like lesions and animal's age, sex, breed, and sub-county of origin prior to slaughter were initially analysed using a univariable approach with the chi-square test, and subsequently with a multivariable logistic regression model to assess the combined impact of these animal characteristics with the risk of having a bovine TB-like lesion. Additionally, and as a secondary objective, tissue samples were collected from all carcases that had a bovine TB-like lesion and were processed using standard Mycobacterium culture and identification methods. The culture and acid fast positive samples were tested using Capilia TB-neo® assay to identify Mycobacterium tuberculosis complex (MTC). RESULTS Of 1,576 carcasses inspected, 9.7% (153/1,576) had bovine TB-like lesions from which Mycobacterium spp and Mycobacterium Tuberculosis Complex (MTC) were isolated in 13 (8.4%) and 12 (7.8%) respectively. Bovine TB-like lesions were more likely to be found in females (OR = 1.49, OR 95% CI: 1.06-2.13) and in older cattle (OR = 2.5, 95% CI: 1.64-3.7). When compared to Ankole cattle, Cross breed (OR = 6.5, OR 95% CI: 3.37-12.7) and Zebu cattle (OR = 2.57, 95% CI: 1.78-3.72) had higher odds of having bovine TB-like lesions. Animals from Kasanda (OR = 2.5, 95% CI: 1.52-4.17) were more likely to have bovine TB-like lesions than cattle from Kasambya. CONCLUSIONS The findings of study reveals that approximately one in ten slaughtered cattle presents with gross pathology suggestive of bovine TB in Mubende district in the Uganda cattle corridor district, however, we isolated MTC in only 8.4% of these bovine TB-like lesions. Therefore, there is a need to understand the cause of all the other bovine TB-like lesions in order to safe guard diagnostic integrity of meat inspection in Uganda.
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Affiliation(s)
- Daniel Pakasi Nalapa
- Department of Biosecurity Ecosystem and Veterinary Public Health, College of Veterinary Medicine, Animal Resources and Biosecurity, Makerere University, P.O. Box 7062, Kampala, Uganda
| | - Adrian Muwonge
- Division of Genetics and Genomics, The Roslin institute, University of Edinburgh, Easter bush Campus, EH259RG, Edinburgh, UK
| | - Clovice Kankya
- Department of Biosecurity Ecosystem and Veterinary Public Health, College of Veterinary Medicine, Animal Resources and Biosecurity, Makerere University, P.O. Box 7062, Kampala, Uganda.
| | - Francisco Olea-Popelka
- College of Veterinary Medicine and Biomedical Sciences, Department of Clinical Sciences & Mycobacteria Research Laboratories, Colorado State University, Fort Collins, CO, USA
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Egbe NF, Muwonge A, Ndip L, Kelly RF, Sander M, Tanya V, Ngwa VN, Handel IG, Novak A, Ngandalo R, Mazeri S, Morgan KL, Asuquo A, Bronsvoort BMDC. Abattoir-based estimates of mycobacterial infections in Cameroon. Sci Rep 2016; 6:24320. [PMID: 27075056 PMCID: PMC4830956 DOI: 10.1038/srep24320] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/20/2015] [Accepted: 03/23/2016] [Indexed: 01/04/2023] Open
Abstract
Mycobacteria cause major diseases including human tuberculosis, bovine tuberculosis and Johne’s disease. In livestock, the dominant species is M. bovis causing bovine tuberculosis (bTB), a disease of global zoonotic importance. In this study, we estimated the prevalence of Mycobacteria in slaughter cattle in Cameroon. A total of 2,346 cattle were examined in a cross-sectional study at four abattoirs in Cameroon. Up to three lesions per animal were collected for further study and a retropharyngeal lymph node was collected from a random sample of non-lesioned animals. Samples were cultured on Lowenstein Jensen media and the BACTEC MGIT 960 system, and identified using the Hain® Genotype kits. A total of 207/2,346 cattle were identified with bTB-like lesions, representing 4.0% (45/1,129), 11.3% (106/935), 23.8% (38/160) and 14.8% (18/122) of the cattle in the Bamenda, Ngaoundere, Garoua and Maroua abattoirs respectively. The minimum estimated prevalence of M. bovis was 2.8% (1.9–3.9), 7.7% (6.1–9.6), 21.3% (15.2–28.4) and 13.1% (7.7–20.4) in the four abattoirs respectively. One M. tuberculosis and three M. bovis strains were recovered from non-lesioned animals. The high prevalence of M. bovis is of public health concern and limits the potential control options in this setting without a viable vaccine as an alternative.
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Affiliation(s)
- N F Egbe
- Microbiology and Parasitology Unit, Faculty of Allied Medical Sciences, University of Calabar, Calabar, Nigeria.,Tuberculosis Reference Laboratory Bamenda, P.O. Box 586 Bamenda, Cameroon
| | - A Muwonge
- The Roslin Institute, Royal (Dick) School of Veterinary Studies, University of Edinburgh, Easter Bush, Midlothian, EH25 9RG, UK
| | - L Ndip
- Laboratory for Emerging Infectious Diseases, University of Buea, Buea, Cameroon.,Department of Biomedical Sciences, Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Buea, Buea, Cameroon
| | - R F Kelly
- Farm Animal Clinical Sciences, School of Veterinary Medicine, University of Glasgow, Glasgow, G61 1QH, UK
| | - M Sander
- Tuberculosis Reference Laboratory Bamenda, P.O. Box 586 Bamenda, Cameroon
| | - V Tanya
- Cameroon Academy of Sciences, P.O. Box 1457 Yaoundé, Cameroon
| | - V Ngu Ngwa
- School of Veterinary Medicine and Sciences, B.P. 454, University of Ngaoundere, Ngaoundere, Cameroon
| | - I G Handel
- The Roslin Institute, Royal (Dick) School of Veterinary Studies, University of Edinburgh, Easter Bush, Midlothian, EH25 9RG, UK
| | - A Novak
- The Roslin Institute, Royal (Dick) School of Veterinary Studies, University of Edinburgh, Easter Bush, Midlothian, EH25 9RG, UK
| | - R Ngandalo
- Laboratoire de Recherches Vétérinaires et Zootechniques de Farcha, N'Djaména, Chad
| | - S Mazeri
- The Roslin Institute, Royal (Dick) School of Veterinary Studies, University of Edinburgh, Easter Bush, Midlothian, EH25 9RG, UK
| | - K L Morgan
- Institute of Ageing and Chronic Disease, University of Liverpool, Leahurst Campus, Neston, Wirral, CH64 7TE, UK
| | - A Asuquo
- Microbiology and Parasitology Unit, Faculty of Allied Medical Sciences, University of Calabar, Calabar, Nigeria
| | - B M de C Bronsvoort
- The Roslin Institute, Royal (Dick) School of Veterinary Studies, University of Edinburgh, Easter Bush, Midlothian, EH25 9RG, UK
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Sliding Motility, Biofilm Formation, and Glycopeptidolipid Production in Mycobacterium colombiense Strains. BIOMED RESEARCH INTERNATIONAL 2015; 2015:419549. [PMID: 26180799 PMCID: PMC4477443 DOI: 10.1155/2015/419549] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/15/2014] [Revised: 01/15/2015] [Accepted: 01/16/2015] [Indexed: 01/15/2023]
Abstract
Mycobacterium colombiense is a novel member of the Mycobacterium avium complex, which produces respiratory and disseminated infections in immunosuppressed patients. Currently, the morphological and genetic bases underlying the phenotypic features of M. colombiense strains remain unknown. In the present study, we demonstrated that M. colombiense strains displaying smooth morphology show increased biofilm formation on hydrophobic surfaces and sliding on motility plates. Thin-layer chromatography experiments showed that M. colombiense strains displaying smooth colonies produce large amounts of glycolipids with a chromatographic behaviour similar to that of the glycopeptidolipids (GPLs) of M. avium. Conversely, we observed a natural rough variant of M. colombiense (57B strain) lacking pigmentation and exhibiting impaired sliding, biofilm formation, and GPL production. Bioinformatics analyses revealed a gene cluster that is likely involved in GPL biosynthesis in M. colombiense CECT 3035. RT-qPCR experiments showed that motile culture conditions activate the transcription of genes possibly involved in key enzymatic activities of GPL biosynthesis.
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Croce O, Robert C, Raoult D, Drancourt M. Draft Genome Sequence of Mycobacterium asiaticum Strain DSM 44297. GENOME ANNOUNCEMENTS 2014; 2:e00320-14. [PMID: 24744338 PMCID: PMC3990754 DOI: 10.1128/genomea.00320-14] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/25/2014] [Accepted: 04/03/2014] [Indexed: 11/20/2022]
Abstract
We report the draft genome sequence of Mycobacterium asiaticum strain DSM 44297, a tropical mycobacterium seldom responsible for human infection. The genome of M. asiaticum has a size of 5,935,986 bp, with a 66.03% G+C content, encoding 5,591 proteins and 81 RNAs.
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Muwonge A, Oloya J, Kankya C, Nielsen S, Godfroid J, Skjerve E, Djønne B, Johansen TB. Molecular characterization of Mycobacterium avium subspecies hominissuis isolated from humans, cattle and pigs in the Uganda cattle corridor using VNTR analysis. INFECTION GENETICS AND EVOLUTION 2013; 21:184-91. [PMID: 24270015 DOI: 10.1016/j.meegid.2013.11.012] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/21/2013] [Revised: 11/08/2013] [Accepted: 11/12/2013] [Indexed: 10/26/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Members of the Mycobacterium avium complex (MAC) cause disease in both human and animals. Their ubiquitous nature makes them both successful microbes and difficult to source track. The precise characterization of MAC species is a fundamental step in epidemiological studies and evaluating of possible reservoirs. This study aimed at identifying and characterizing Mycobacterium avium subsp. hominissuis isolated from human, slaughter cattle and pigs in various parts of the Uganda cattle corridor (UCC) at two temporal points using variable number of tandem repeat (VNTR) analysis. METHODS A total of 46 M. avium isolates; 31 from 997 pigs, 12 from 43 humans biopsies and three from 61 cattle lesions were identified to subspecies level using IS1245 and IS901 PCR, thereafter characterized using VNTR. Twelve loci from two previously described VNTR methods were used and molecular results were analyzed and interpreted using Bionumerics 6.1. PRINCIPAL FINDINGS 37 of the isolates were identified as M. avium subsp. hominissuis and four as M. avium subsp. avium, while five could not be differentiated, possibly due to mixed infection. There was distinct clustering that coincides with the temporal and spatial differences of the isolates. The isolates from humans and cattle in the North Eastern parts of the UCC shared identical VNTR genotypes. The panel of loci gave an overall discriminatory power of 0.88. Some loci were absent in several isolates, probably reflecting differences in isolates from Uganda/Africa compared to isolates previously analyzed by these methods in Europe and Asia. CONCLUSIONS The findings indicate a molecular difference between M. avium subsp. hominissuis isolates from pigs in Mubende and cattle and human in the rest of the UCC. Although human and cattle shared VNTR genotypes in the North Eastern parts of the UCC, it is most likely a reflection of a shared environmental source.
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Affiliation(s)
- Adrian Muwonge
- Department of Food Safety and Infection Biology, Center for Epidemiology and Biostatistics, Norwegian School of Veterinary Science, P.O. Box 8146 Dep., 0033 Oslo, Norway; The Roslin Institute, College of Medicine and Veterinary Medicine, University of Edinburgh, Easter Bush, Roslin, Midlothian EH25 9RG, United Kingdom.
| | - James Oloya
- Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics/Population Health, College of Public Health, 132 Coverdell Center, University of Georgia Athens, GA 30602-7396, USA
| | - Clovice Kankya
- Department of Veterinary Public Health, School of Veterinary Medicine, Makerere University, P.O. Box 7062, Kampala, Uganda
| | - Sigrun Nielsen
- Norwegian Veterinary Institute, P.O. Box 750, N-0106 Oslo, Norway
| | - Jacques Godfroid
- Department of Food Safety and Infection Biology, Section of Arctic Veterinary Medicine, Norwegian School of Veterinary Science, Stakkevollveien 23, 9010 Tromsø, Norway
| | - Eystein Skjerve
- Department of Food Safety and Infection Biology, Center for Epidemiology and Biostatistics, Norwegian School of Veterinary Science, P.O. Box 8146 Dep., 0033 Oslo, Norway
| | - Berit Djønne
- Norwegian Veterinary Institute, P.O. Box 750, N-0106 Oslo, Norway
| | - Tone B Johansen
- Norwegian Veterinary Institute, P.O. Box 750, N-0106 Oslo, Norway
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Microbiomes of unreactive and pathologically altered ileocecal lymph nodes of slaughter pigs. Appl Environ Microbiol 2013; 80:193-203. [PMID: 24141125 DOI: 10.1128/aem.03089-13] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Microbe-laden dendritic cells are shifted to ileocecal lymph nodes (ICLNs), where microbes are concentrated and an adequate immune response is triggered. Hence, ICLNs are at a crucial position in immune anatomy and control processes of the local immune system. Pathological alterations in ICLNs, such as reactive hyperplasia, lymphadenitis purulenta, or granulomatosa, can harbor a multitude of pathogens and commensals, posing a potential zoonotic risk in animal production. The aim of this study was to characterize the microbial diversity of unreactive ICLNs of slaughter pigs and to investigate community shifts in reactive ICLNs altered by enlargement, purulence, or granulomatous formations. Pyrosequencing of 16S rRNA gene amplicons from 32 ICLNs yielded 175,313 sequences, clustering into 650 operational taxonomic units (OTUs). OTUs were assigned to 239 genera and 11 phyla. Besides a highly diverse bacterial community in ICLNs, we observed significant shifts in pathologically altered ICLNs. The relative abundances of Cloacibacterium- and Novosphingobium-associated OTUs and the genus Faecalibacterium were significantly higher in unreactive ICLNs than in pathologically altered ICLNs. Enlarged ICLNs harbored significantly more Lactobacillus- and Clostridium-associated sequences. Relative abundances of Mycoplasma, Bacteroides, Veillonella, and Variovorax OTUs were significantly increased in granulomatous ICLNs, whereas abundances of Pseudomonas, Escherichia, and Acinetobacter OTUs were significantly increased in purulent ICLNs (P < 0.05). Correlation-based networks revealed interactions among OTUs in all ICLN groups, and discriminant analyses depicted discrimination in response to pathological alterations. This study is the first community-based survey in ICLNs of livestock animals and will provide a basis to broaden the knowledge of microbe-host interactions in pigs.
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Muwonge A, Johansen TB, Vigdis E, Godfroid J, Olea-Popelka F, Biffa D, Skjerve E, Djønne B. Mycobacterium bovis infections in slaughter pigs in Mubende district, Uganda: a public health concern. BMC Vet Res 2012; 8:168. [PMID: 22999303 PMCID: PMC3526550 DOI: 10.1186/1746-6148-8-168] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/04/2012] [Accepted: 09/17/2012] [Indexed: 11/10/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Bovine tuberculosis (TB) caused by Mycobacterium bovis is primarily a disease of ruminants, particularly cattle (Bos primigenius) and buffalo (Syncerus caffer), and is endemic in most developing countries. To date, studies done in Uganda have documented the prevalence of M. bovis in cattle, humans and wild life, in addition to non-tuberculous mycobacteria in pigs. Pigs are increasingly becoming an important component of the livestock sector and share the human ecosystem in rural Uganda. It is therefore of public health interest that they are not a source of human infections. As a follow up to previously published findings on mycobacteria in pigs, this study was aimed at investigating the occurrence and molecular characteristics of M. bovis detected in slaughter pigs in Mubende district, Uganda. One hundred fifty mesenteric lymph nodes with lesions suggestive of mycobacterial infections were collected from approximately one thousand slaughtered pigs in Mubende district over a period of five months. The isolation and identification of M. bovis was done using conventional mycobacteriological methods. Mycobacteria belonging to the Mycobacterium tuberculosis complex (MTC) were identified to species level using deletion analysis. Molecular typing was done using Spoligotyping and MIRU-VNTR analysis. Molecular data were analysed and interpreted using MIRU-VNTR plus, SpolDB4.0 and the Mycobacterium bovis spoligo database. Results Of the examined animals, one boar and two sows from Madudu Sub County were infected with M. bovis which presented as lesions of a deep yellow colour and a grit-like texture in the mesenteric lymph nodes. This represents 2% (3/150) of the lymph nodes where lesions suggestive of mycobacterial infections were detected. Molecular analysis revealed that the isolates from the infected pigs showed identical MIRU-VNTR profile and spoligotype (SB1469). Conclusions This is the first study documenting the occurrence of M. bovis in slaughter pigs in Uganda, revealing that one in fifty slaughter pigs with suspected lesions in mesenteric lymph nodes were infected. Molecular analysis revealed that the isolates were identical, showing a spoligotype previously reported from humans and cattle in the north eastern part of the Uganda cattle corridor. This finding is of public health importance, therefore there is a need for close cooperation between medical and veterinary professionals in designing and implementing control and prevention measures that safeguard the public from this potential source of zoonotic TB in Uganda.
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Affiliation(s)
- Adrian Muwonge
- Department of Food Safety and Infection Biology, Norwegian School of Veterinary Science, P.O. Box 8146, Dep., 0033, Oslo, Norway.
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