Association and interaction analysis of PPARGC1A and serum uric acid on type 2 diabetes mellitus in Chinese Han population

Peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor gamma coactivator-1 (PGC-1) family in physiological and pathophysiological process and diseases

Peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor gamma coactivator-1 (PGC-1) family (PGC-1s), consisting of three members encompassing PGC-1α, PGC-1β, and PGC-1-related coactivator (PRC), was discovered more than a quarter-century ago. PGC-1s are essential coordinators of many vital cellular events, including mitochondrial functions, oxidative stress, endoplasmic reticulum homeostasis, and inflammation. Accumulating evidence has shown that PGC-1s are implicated in many diseases, such as cancers, cardiac diseases and cardiovascular diseases, neurological disorders, kidney diseases, motor system diseases, and metabolic disorders. Examining the upstream modulators and co-activated partners of PGC-1s and identifying critical biological events modulated by downstream effectors of PGC-1s contribute to the presentation of the elaborate network of PGC-1s. Furthermore, discussing the correlation between PGC-1s and diseases as well as summarizing the therapy targeting PGC-1s helps make individualized and precise intervention methods. In this review, we summarize basic knowledge regarding the PGC-1s family as well as the molecular regulatory network, discuss the physio-pathological roles of PGC-1s in human diseases, review the application of PGC-1s, including the diagnostic and prognostic value of PGC-1s and several therapies in pre-clinical studies, and suggest several directions for future investigations. This review presents the immense potential of targeting PGC-1s in the treatment of diseases and hopefully facilitates the promotion of PGC-1s as new therapeutic targets.

Correlation Between PPARGC1A Gene Rs8192678 G>A Polymorphism and Susceptibility To Type-2 Diabetes

Objective

To systematically investigate the correlation between the G>A polymorphism of the peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor γ coactivator 1α (PPARGC1A or PGC-1alpha) gene rs8192678 locus and the susceptibility to type-2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM).

Methods

The inclusion and exclusion criteria and retrieval strategies of original literatures were formulated. Then, subjects and free words “PPARGC1A”,”gene polymorphism”, and “T2DM” were retrieved from the PubMed, EMBASE, and Cochrane Library databases. Case-control studies on the G>A polymorphism of the PPARGC1A gene rs8192678 locus and susceptibility to T2DM were included for the meta-analysis.

Results

The number of cases in the T2DM group and control group was 5,607 and 7,596, respectively. The meta-analysis revealed that the PPARGC1A gene rs8192678 locus G>A polymorphism is associated with susceptibility to T2DM. There are differences in each group of genetic models, of which three groups of genetic models are highly significant. In the allele model, OR=1.249, 95% CI: 1.099-1.419, and P=0.001. In the dominant inheritance model, OR=1.364, 95% CI: 1.152-1.614, and P=0.000. In the additive inheritance model, OR=0.828, 95% CI: 0.726-0.945, and P=0.005. And one group is significant, in the recessive inheritance model, OR=1.187, 95% CI: 1.021-1.381, and P=0.026.

Conclusion

In Western Asian, South Asian, European and African populations, the A allele of the PPARGC1A gene rs8192678 locus may be one of the risk factors for T2DM.

Linking Metabolic Disease With the PGC-1α Gly482Ser Polymorphism

Peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor γ coactivator 1-α (PGC-1α) is a highly conserved transcriptional coactivator enriched in metabolically active tissues including liver, adipose, pancreas, and muscle. It plays a role in regulating whole body energy metabolism and its deregulation has been implicated in type 2 diabetes (T2D). A single nucleotide variant of the PPARGC1A gene (rs8192678) is associated with T2D susceptibility, relative risk of obesity and insulin resistance, and lower indices of β cell function. This common polymorphism is within a highly conserved region of the bioactive protein and leads to a single amino acid substitution (glycine 482 to serine). Its prevalence and effects on metabolic parameters appear to vary depending on factors including ethnicity and sex, suggesting important interactions between genetics and cultural/environmental factors and associated disease risk. Interestingly, carriers of the serine allele respond better to some T2D interventions, illustrating the importance of understanding functional impacts of genetic variance on PGC-1α when targeting this pathway for personalized medicine. This review summarizes a growing body of literature surrounding possible links between the PGC-1α Gly482Ser single nucleotide polymorphism and diabetes, with focus on key clinical findings, affected metabolic systems, potential molecular mechanisms, and the influence of geographical or ethnic background on associated risk.