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Scholtz M, Guthrie AJ, Newton R, Schulman ML. Review of Pseudomonas aeruginosa and Klebsiella pneumoniae as venereal pathogens in horses. Equine Vet J 2024. [PMID: 39103748 DOI: 10.1111/evj.14201] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/13/2023] [Accepted: 06/21/2024] [Indexed: 08/07/2024]
Abstract
Three bacteria extensively acknowledged as venereal pathogens with the potential to induce endometritis include Taylorella equigenitalis, the causative agent of contagious equine metritis (CEM), specific strains of Pseudomonas aeruginosa, and certain capsule types of Klebsiella pneumoniae. The United Kingdom's Horserace Betting Levy Board recommends pre-breeding screening for these bacteria in their International Codes of Practice and >20 000 samples are tested per annum in the United Kingdom alone. While the pathogenesis and regulatory importance of CEM are well established, an evaluation of the literature pertaining to venereal transmission of P. aeruginosa and K. pneumoniae was lacking. The aim of this review was to evaluate published literature and determine the significance of P. aeruginosa and K. pneumoniae as venereal pathogens in horses. Literature definitively demonstrating venereal transmission was not available. Instead, application of molecular typing methods suggested that common environmental sources of contamination, such as water, or fomites be considered as modes of transmission. The presence of organisms with pathogenic potential on a horse's external genitalia did not predict venereal transmission with resultant endometritis and reduced fertility. These findings may prompt further investigation using molecular technologies to confirm or exclude venereal spread and investigation of alternative mechanisms of transmission are indicated.
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Affiliation(s)
- Melanie Scholtz
- Equine Research Centre, Faculty of Veterinary Science, University of Pretoria, Onderstepoort, South Africa
| | - Alan John Guthrie
- Equine Research Centre, Faculty of Veterinary Science, University of Pretoria, Onderstepoort, South Africa
| | - Richard Newton
- Department of Veterinary Medicine, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, UK
| | - Martin Lance Schulman
- Section of Reproduction, Department of Production Animal Studies, Faculty of Veterinary Science, University of Pretoria, Onderstepoort, South Africa
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Meletiadis J, Paranos P, Georgiou PC, Vourli S, Antonopoulou S, Michelaki A, Vagiakou E, Pournaras S. In vitro comparative activity of the new beta-lactamase inhibitor taniborbactam with cefepime or meropenem against Klebsiella pneumoniae and cefepime against Pseudomonas aeruginosa metallo-beta-lactamase-producing clinical isolates. Int J Antimicrob Agents 2021; 58:106440. [PMID: 34551356 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijantimicag.2021.106440] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/24/2021] [Revised: 08/28/2021] [Accepted: 09/12/2021] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
Abstract
Metallo-beta-lactamase (MBL)-producing Gram-negative bacteria are increasing worldwide and very few agents are active against these pathogens. Taniborbactam (formerly VNRX-5133) is a newly developed bicyclic boronate beta-lactamase inhibitor that directly inhibits all four Ambler classes of beta-lactamases. In the present study the in vitro activity of cefepime or meropenem combined with taniborbactam against 100 Klebsiella pneumoniae and cefepime combined with taniborbactam against 100 Pseudomonas aeruginosa molecularly characterized MBL-producing strains were investigated using ISO standard broth microdilution assays and compared with a panel of antimicrobial agents that are used in clinical practice (amikacin, aztreonam, ciprofloxacin, levofloxacin, gentamicin, piperacillin/tazobactam, imipenem, tigecycline, ceftolozane-tazobactam, cefepime-tazobactam, meropenem-vaborbactam, ceftazidime-avibactam). For K. pneumoniae isolates, the MIC90 values were ≥64 mg/L for all drugs except cefepime-taniborbactam (16 mg/L; 87% inhibited at ≤8/4 mg/L), meropenem-taniborbactam (4 mg/L; 94% inhibited at ≤8/4 mg/L) and tigecycline (8 mg/L), with high levels of resistance (≥65%) found for all approved comparator antimicrobials tested. For P. aeruginosa, the MIC90 values were ≥64 mg/L for all drugs except aztreonam (32 mg/L), cefepime-taniborbactam (32 mg/L; 88% inhibited at ≤16/4 mg/L) and ciprofloxacin (32 mg/L), with high levels of resistance (≥73%) for all approved drugs except aztreonam (27%). Taniborbactam reduced cefepime and meropenem MICs by a median 5 and 7 two-fold dilutions to ≤8 mg/L in 87% and 94% of MBL-producing K. pneumoniae isolates, and cefepime MICs by a median 5 two-fold dilutions to ≤16 mg/L in 86% of MBL-producing P. aeruginosa, respectively. The combinations cefepime-taniborbactam and meropenem-taniborbactam are promising alternative treatment options for infections by MBL-producing isolates.
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Affiliation(s)
- Joseph Meletiadis
- Clinical Microbiology Laboratory, Attikon University Hospital, Medical School, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens, Greece.
| | - Paschalis Paranos
- Clinical Microbiology Laboratory, Attikon University Hospital, Medical School, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens, Greece
| | - Panagiota-Christina Georgiou
- Clinical Microbiology Laboratory, Attikon University Hospital, Medical School, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens, Greece
| | - Sofia Vourli
- Clinical Microbiology Laboratory, Attikon University Hospital, Medical School, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens, Greece
| | | | | | - Eleni Vagiakou
- Department of Microbiology, General Hospital G. Gennimatas, Athens, Greece
| | - Spyros Pournaras
- Clinical Microbiology Laboratory, Attikon University Hospital, Medical School, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens, Greece
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Isgren CM, Williams NJ, Fletcher OD, Timofte D, Newton RJ, Maddox TW, Clegg PD, Pinchbeck GL. Antimicrobial resistance in clinical bacterial isolates from horses in the UK. Equine Vet J 2021; 54:390-414. [PMID: 33566383 DOI: 10.1111/evj.13437] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/17/2020] [Revised: 01/05/2021] [Accepted: 02/03/2021] [Indexed: 12/29/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Surveillance of antimicrobial resistance (AMR) in horses is important to aid empirical treatment decisions and highlight emerging AMR threats. OBJECTIVE To describe the AMR patterns of common groups of bacteria from clinical submissions from horses in the UK during 2018, and to determine how this varies by sample site and type of submitting veterinary practice. STUDY DESIGN Prospective observational study. METHODS All data on bacterial culture and subsequent antimicrobial susceptibility testing (AST) collected in 2018 from six large equine diagnostic laboratories were included. Resistance patterns were analysed including resistance to 1 or 2 antimicrobial classes, multidrug resistance (MDR), extensively drug resistant (XDR), resistance to highest priority critically important antimicrobials and isolates where there was no readily available treatment for adult horses in the UK. Submitting practices were classified according to whether they treated referral cases or not (first opinion). Comparisons between proportions and resistance for each bacterial group and sample site was performed using Chi-squared (or Fisher's exact test). RESULTS A total of 6,018 bacterial isolates from 4,038 diagnostic submissions were included from respiratory (n = 1555), urogenital (n = 1,010), skin/hair/wound/abscess (n = 753), surgical site infection (SSI) /catheter-related-infection (CRI) /orthopaedic infections (n = 347) and unknown/'other' submissions (n = 373). There were 2,711 Gram-negative isolates and 3,307 Gram-positive isolates. Prevalence of MDR for E. coli was 31.7%, Staphylococcus spp. 25.3% and > 25% for the majority of bacterial isolates from SSI/CRI/orthopaedic submissions. For Enterococcus spp. there was no readily available treatment for adult horses in the UK in 30.2% of positive submissions. MDR was significantly higher from referral hospital than first opinion submissions for the majority of pathogens (except Actinobacillus spp. and Pasteurella spp. and β-haemolytic Streptococcus spp.). MAIN LIMITATIONS Since culture and susceptibility results are not systematic analyses based on harmonised methods, selection bias could impact the findings. CONCLUSIONS Ongoing surveillance is essential to understand emerging patterns of resistance. MDR is high in SSI/CRI/orthopaedic infections, which is important for hospital biosecurity and guiding treatment decisions. Harmonisation of diagnostic procedures and interpretation of results amongst veterinary laboratories will improve AMR surveillance and data comparison among laboratories.
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Affiliation(s)
- Cajsa M Isgren
- Department of Equine Clinical Science, Institute of Infection, Veterinary and Ecological Sciences, Faculty of Health & Life Sciences, University of Liverpool, Neston, UK
| | - Nicola J Williams
- Department of Livestock and One Health, Institute of Infection, Veterinary and Ecological Sciences, Faculty of Health & Life Sciences, University of Liverpool, Neston, UK
| | - Owen D Fletcher
- Department of Equine Clinical Science, Institute of Infection, Veterinary and Ecological Sciences, Faculty of Health & Life Sciences, University of Liverpool, Neston, UK
| | - Dorina Timofte
- Department of Veterinary Anatomy, Physiology & Pathology, Institute of Infection, Veterinary and Ecological Sciences, Faculty of Health & Life Sciences, University of Liverpool, Neston, UK
| | | | - Thomas W Maddox
- Department of Musculoskeletal & Ageing Science, Institute of Life Course & Medical Sciences, Faculty of Health & Life Sciences, University of Liverpool, Neston, Cheshire, UK
| | - Peter D Clegg
- Department of Musculoskeletal & Ageing Science, Institute of Life Course & Medical Sciences, Faculty of Health & Life Sciences, University of Liverpool, Neston, Cheshire, UK
| | - Gina L Pinchbeck
- Department of Livestock and One Health, Institute of Infection, Veterinary and Ecological Sciences, Faculty of Health & Life Sciences, University of Liverpool, Neston, UK
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Hassuna NA, Mandour SA, Mohamed ES. Virulence Constitution of Multi-Drug-Resistant Pseudomonas aeruginosa in Upper Egypt. Infect Drug Resist 2020; 13:587-595. [PMID: 32110069 PMCID: PMC7036984 DOI: 10.2147/idr.s233694] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/07/2019] [Accepted: 02/05/2020] [Indexed: 11/23/2022] Open
Abstract
Purpose Ventilator-associated pneumonia caused by Pseudomonas aeruginosa (P. aeruginosa) is a major health-care problem. In this study, we explored the epidemiology of virulence determinants among multi-drug-resistant (MDR) clinical P. aeruginosa isolates from hospitalized patients with ventilator-associated pneumonia in intensive care units in Upper Egypt. Patients and Methods MDR P. aeruginosa isolates were screened for the presence of eight virulence factors and typed by ERIC-PCR. Results A total of 39 clinical MDR isolates were selected out of 173 isolated P. aeruginosa showing a combination of adhesion and cytotoxicity virulence patterns, with the detection of aprA, exoU, exoS, lasB, algD, toxA in 74.3%, 58.9%, 46.1%, 41.2%, 30.7%, 20.5% of the isolates, respectively. The MDR isolates were grouped into 13 different virulence profiles according to the pattern of virulence gene distribution. exoU genotype was more predominant among the P. aeruginosa isolates with more than 48% of the isolates harboring this gene alone, 7% harboring both exoU and exoS and 43.5% harboring exoS gene. An intermediate degree of diversity was detected by ERIC-PCR typing where the isolates were clustered in 7 major groups, indicating possible cross-infection within the hospital. Conclusion Our results highlight the increased frequency of virulent P. aeruginosa isolates with a shift to the more virulent cytotoxic exoU genotype. Further hospital infection-control measures are mandatory to control the hospital cross-transmission of these highly virulent isolates. This study could vastly be a help to develop efficient treatment policies against P. aeruginosa induced ventilator-associated pneumonia.
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Affiliation(s)
- Noha A Hassuna
- Medical Microbiology and Immunology, Faculty of Medicine, Minia University, Minia, Egypt
| | - Sahar A Mandour
- Microbiology and Immunology Department, Faculty of Pharmacy, Deraya University, Minia, Egypt
| | - Ebtisam Samir Mohamed
- Medical Microbiology and Immunology, Faculty of Medicine, Minia University, Minia, Egypt
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Abstract
ABSTRACT
The nonfermenting bacteria belonging to
Acinetobacter
spp. and
Pseudomonas
spp. are capable of colonizing both humans and animals and can also be opportunistic pathogens. More specifically, the species
Acinetobacter baumannii
and
Pseudomonas aeruginosa
have been recurrently reported as multidrug-resistant and even pandrug-resistant in clinical isolates. Both species were categorized among the ESKAPE pathogens, ESKAPE standing for
Enterococcus faecium
,
Staphylococcus aureus
,
Klebsiella pneumoniae
,
A. baumannii
,
P. aeruginosa
, and
Enterobacter
species. These six pathogens are the major cause of nosocomial infections in the United States and are a threat all over the world because of their capacity to become increasingly resistant to all available antibiotics.
A. baumannii
and
P. aeruginosa
are both intrinsically resistant to many antibiotics due to complementary mechanisms, the main ones being the low permeability of their outer membrane, the production of the AmpC beta-lactamase, and the production of several efflux systems belonging to the resistance-nodulation-cell division family. In addition, they are both capable of acquiring multiple resistance determinants, such as beta-lactamases or carbapenemases. Even if such enzymes have rarely been identified in bacteria of animal origin, they may sooner or later spread to this reservoir. The goal of this article is to give an overview of the resistance phenotypes described in these pathogens and to provide a comprehensive analysis of all data that have been reported on
Acinetobacter
spp. and
Pseudomonas
spp. from animal hosts.
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Aditi, Shariff M, Chhabra SK, Rahman MU. Similar virulence properties of infection and colonization associated Pseudomonas aeruginosa. J Med Microbiol 2017; 66:1489-1498. [PMID: 28893354 DOI: 10.1099/jmm.0.000569] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
PURPOSE Pseudomonas aeruginosa is one of the agents that are commonly implicated in nosocomial infections. However, it is also present as a commensal in various body sites of healthy persons, making the diagnosis of infection by culture difficult. A number of virulence factors expressed by the organism have been implicated in its pathogenicity. We undertook this study to identify the host and organism factors associated with infection. METHODOLOGY Pathogenic, colonizing and environmental isolates were tested for apr, lasB, the T3SS effector exoenzymes (exoS, exoT, exoU and exoY) and toxA genes, biofilm production and antimicrobial susceptibility. The isolates were further typed by RAPD. RESULTS Eighty-seven isolates from 61 patients, including 11 environmental isolates, were obtained. None of the virulence factors were found to be significantly associated with infection, and nor was the antimicrobial susceptibility. The presence of the exoU gene and infection by MDR strains correlated significantly with the duration of hospital stay. Positivity for exoS and exoU genes was found to be strongly correlated with multi-drug resistance. exoU positivity correlated strongly with fluoroquinolone resistance. Sinks in the ward and intensive care unit were found to be a niche for XDR P. aeruginosa. Eighty-five isolates were typeable using the ERIC2 primer, showing 71 distinct RAPD patterns with >15 % difference in UPGMA-generated dice coefficients. CONCLUSIONS exoU positivity is associated with severe disease, as evidenced by the longer duration of hospital stay of these patients. However, the presence of virulence factors or multi-drug resistance in the cultured strain should not prompt the administration of anti-pseudomonal chemotherapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Aditi
- Department of Microbiology, Vallabhbhai Patel Chest Institute, Delhi, India
| | - Malini Shariff
- Department of Microbiology, Vallabhbhai Patel Chest Institute, Delhi, India
| | - Sunil K Chhabra
- Department of Cardio-respiratory Physiology, Vallabhbhai Patel Chest Institute, Delhi, India
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Han MM, Mu LZ, Liu XP, Zhao J, Liu XF, Liu H. ERIC-PCR genotyping of Pseudomonas aeruginosa isolates from haemorrhagic pneumonia cases in mink. Vet Rec Open 2014; 1:e000043. [PMID: 26392878 PMCID: PMC4562448 DOI: 10.1136/vropen-2014-000043] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/20/2014] [Revised: 09/29/2014] [Accepted: 10/06/2014] [Indexed: 11/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Pseudomonas aeruginosa is a significant pathogen of mink and the cause of haemorrhagic pneumonia, an acute fatal disease in farmed mink. Results Among 90 P. aeruginosa isolates from haemorrhagic pneumonia in mink from 16 farms in Shandong province, China, 43 genotypes were identified by enterobacterial repetitive intergenic consensus PCR (ERIC-PCR), with a diversity index of 0.96. The most prevalent ERIC-PCR types were type 18, found in 16 isolates, and type 39, found in 15 isolates. Four serotypes were detected, with serotype G (55.6 per cent) being the most frequent. Conclusions These results showed that there was a high degree of clonal diversity among mink P. aeruginosa clinical isolates in this study.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ming-Ming Han
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Jilin University , Changchun, Jilin , China
| | - Lian-Zhi Mu
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Jilin University , Changchun, Jilin , China ; Five-star Animal Health Pharmaceutical Factory of JILIN Province , Changchun, Jilin , China
| | - Xu-Ping Liu
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Jilin University , Changchun, Jilin , China
| | - Jing Zhao
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Jilin University , Changchun, Jilin , China
| | - Xiao-Fei Liu
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Jilin University , Changchun, Jilin , China
| | - Hui Liu
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Jilin University , Changchun, Jilin , China
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Silva LV, Galdino ACM, Nunes APF, dos Santos KRN, Moreira BM, Cacci LC, Sodré CL, Ziccardi M, Branquinha MH, Santos ALS. Virulence attributes in Brazilian clinical isolates of Pseudomonas aeruginosa. Int J Med Microbiol 2014; 304:990-1000. [PMID: 25127423 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijmm.2014.07.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/06/2014] [Revised: 06/17/2014] [Accepted: 07/15/2014] [Indexed: 11/25/2022] Open
Abstract
Pseudomonas aeruginosa is an opportunistic human pathogen responsible for causing a huge variety of acute and chronic infections with significant levels of morbidity and mortality. Its success as a pathogen comes from its genetic/metabolic plasticity, intrinsic/acquired antimicrobial resistance, capacity to form biofilm and expression of numerous virulence factors. Herein, we have analyzed the genetic variability, antimicrobial susceptibility as well as the production of metallo-β-lactamases (MBLs) and virulence attributes (elastase, pyocyanin and biofilm) in 96 strains of P. aeruginosa isolated from different anatomical sites of patients attended at Brazilian hospitals. Our results revealed a great genetic variability, in which 86 distinct RAPD types (89.6% of polymorphisms) were detected. Regarding the susceptibility profile, 48 strains (50%) were resistant to the antimicrobials, as follows: 22.92% to the three tested antibiotics, 12.5% to both imipenem and meropenem, 11.46% to ceftazidime only, 2.08% to imipenem only and 1.04% to both ceftazidime and meropenem. Out of the 34 clinical strains of P. aeruginosa resistant to both imipenem and meropenem, 25 (73.53%) were MBL producers by phenotypic method while 12 (35.29%) were PCR positive for the MBL gene SPM-1. All P. aeruginosa strains produced pyocyanin, elastase and biofilm, although in different levels. Some associations were demonstrated among the susceptibility and/or production of these virulence traits with the anatomical site of strain isolation. For instance, almost all strains isolated from urine (85.71%) were resistant to the three antibiotics, while the vast majority of strains isolated from rectum (95%) and mouth (66.67%) were susceptible to all tested antibiotics. Urine isolates produced the highest pyocyanin concentration (20.15±5.65 μg/ml), while strains isolated from pleural secretion and mouth produced elevated elastase activity (1441.43±303.08 FAU) and biofilm formation (OD590 0.676±0.32), respectively. Also, MBL-positive strains produced robust biofilm compared to MBL-negative strains. Collectively, the production of site-dependent virulence factors can be highlighted as potential therapeutic targets for the treatment of infections caused by heterogeneous and resistant strains of P. aeruginosa.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lívia V Silva
- Departamento de Microbiologia Geral, Instituto de Microbiologia Paulo de Góes, Centro de Ciências da Saúde, Universidade Federal do Rio de Janeiro, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
| | - Anna Clara M Galdino
- Departamento de Microbiologia Geral, Instituto de Microbiologia Paulo de Góes, Centro de Ciências da Saúde, Universidade Federal do Rio de Janeiro, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil; Programa de Pós-Graduação em Bioquímica, Instituto de Química, Universidade Federal do Rio de Janeiro, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
| | - Ana Paula F Nunes
- Departamento de Patologia e Programa de Pós-Graduação em Doenças Infecciosas, Universidade Federal do Espírito Santo, Espírito Santo, Brazil
| | - Kátia R N dos Santos
- Departamento de Microbiologia Médica, Instituto de Microbiologia Paulo de Góes, Centro de Ciências da Saúde, Universidade Federal do Rio de Janeiro, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
| | - Beatriz M Moreira
- Departamento de Microbiologia Médica, Instituto de Microbiologia Paulo de Góes, Centro de Ciências da Saúde, Universidade Federal do Rio de Janeiro, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
| | - Luciana C Cacci
- Programa de Pós-Graduação em Doenças Infecciosas e Parasitárias, Faculdade de Medicina, Universidade Federal do Rio de Janeiro, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
| | - Cátia L Sodré
- Departamento de Biologia Celular e Molecular, Instituto de Biologia, Universidade Federal Fluminense, Niterói, Brazil
| | - Mariangela Ziccardi
- Departamento de Microbiologia Geral, Instituto de Microbiologia Paulo de Góes, Centro de Ciências da Saúde, Universidade Federal do Rio de Janeiro, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil; Instituto Oswaldo Cruz, Fundação Oswaldo Cruz, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
| | - Marta H Branquinha
- Departamento de Microbiologia Geral, Instituto de Microbiologia Paulo de Góes, Centro de Ciências da Saúde, Universidade Federal do Rio de Janeiro, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
| | - André L S Santos
- Departamento de Microbiologia Geral, Instituto de Microbiologia Paulo de Góes, Centro de Ciências da Saúde, Universidade Federal do Rio de Janeiro, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil; Programa de Pós-Graduação em Bioquímica, Instituto de Química, Universidade Federal do Rio de Janeiro, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil.
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Nanvazadeh F, Khosravi AD, Zolfaghari MR, Parhizgari N. Genotyping of Pseudomonas aeruginosa strains isolated from burn patients by RAPD-PCR. Burns 2013; 39:1409-13. [DOI: 10.1016/j.burns.2013.03.008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/20/2012] [Revised: 03/16/2013] [Accepted: 03/21/2013] [Indexed: 10/26/2022]
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Allen JL, Begg AP, Browning GF. Outbreak of equine endometritis caused by a genotypically identical strain of Pseudomonas aeruginosa. J Vet Diagn Invest 2011; 23:1236-9. [DOI: 10.1177/1040638711425589] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/15/2022] Open
Abstract
Pseudomonas aeruginosa is an opportunistic pathogen that has been recognized as a cause of endometritis in mares. Pulsed field gel electrophoresis was used to characterize and compare isolates of P. aeruginosa from an outbreak of endometritis and unrelated isolates collected at the same time as the outbreak. The restriction endonuclease digestion patterns and antimicrobial resistance profiles of all outbreak isolates were identical. Therefore, a single strain of P. aeruginosa was responsible for the cases of endometritis. The unrelated isolates could be distinguished from the outbreak strain using the techniques outlined in the present study. The results establish that this pathogen was not venereally transmitted between all the horses from which it was isolated, but rather must have been disseminated, at least initially, from a contaminated water source. Once the water used to clean the mares and stallions was replaced, there were no further reports of endometritis caused by this organism on the affected stud. Furthermore, the fertility of the stallions was not affected, in spite of persistent carriage for 1 to 2 months. The current study has shown that the use of pulsed field gel electrophoresis has considerable value in epidemiological investigations of equine urogenital tract infections with P. aeruginosa.
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Affiliation(s)
- Joanne L. Allen
- Asia-Pacific Centre for Animal Health, Faculty of Veterinary Science, The University of Melbourne, Parkville, Victoria, Australia (Allen, Browning)
- Symbion Vetnostics, Kotara, New South Wales, Australia and Scone Veterinary Diagnostic Laboratory, Scone, New South Wales, Australia (Begg)
| | - Angela P. Begg
- Asia-Pacific Centre for Animal Health, Faculty of Veterinary Science, The University of Melbourne, Parkville, Victoria, Australia (Allen, Browning)
- Symbion Vetnostics, Kotara, New South Wales, Australia and Scone Veterinary Diagnostic Laboratory, Scone, New South Wales, Australia (Begg)
| | - Glenn F. Browning
- Asia-Pacific Centre for Animal Health, Faculty of Veterinary Science, The University of Melbourne, Parkville, Victoria, Australia (Allen, Browning)
- Symbion Vetnostics, Kotara, New South Wales, Australia and Scone Veterinary Diagnostic Laboratory, Scone, New South Wales, Australia (Begg)
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Kidd TJ, Gibson JS, Moss S, Greer RM, Cobbold RN, Wright JD, Ramsay KA, Grimwood K, Bell SC. Clonal complex Pseudomonas aeruginosa in horses. Vet Microbiol 2011; 149:508-12. [DOI: 10.1016/j.vetmic.2010.11.030] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/14/2010] [Revised: 11/18/2010] [Accepted: 11/23/2010] [Indexed: 10/18/2022]
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